EP3693985B1 - Aktuator für einen mittelspannungsschutzschalter - Google Patents

Aktuator für einen mittelspannungsschutzschalter Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3693985B1
EP3693985B1 EP19156490.5A EP19156490A EP3693985B1 EP 3693985 B1 EP3693985 B1 EP 3693985B1 EP 19156490 A EP19156490 A EP 19156490A EP 3693985 B1 EP3693985 B1 EP 3693985B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
shaft
opening
state
closing
hook
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP19156490.5A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3693985A1 (de
Inventor
Markus Schneider
Ondrej FRANTISEK
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ABB Schweiz AG
Original Assignee
ABB Schweiz AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ABB Schweiz AG filed Critical ABB Schweiz AG
Priority to EP19156490.5A priority Critical patent/EP3693985B1/de
Priority to CN202010085288.2A priority patent/CN111554542B/zh
Publication of EP3693985A1 publication Critical patent/EP3693985A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3693985B1 publication Critical patent/EP3693985B1/de
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/666—Operating arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/20—Interlocking, locking, or latching mechanisms
    • H01H9/24—Interlocking, locking, or latching mechanisms for interlocking two or more parts of the mechanism for operating contacts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/666—Operating arrangements
    • H01H33/6664—Operating arrangements with pivoting movable contact structure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H3/00—Mechanisms for operating contacts
    • H01H3/22—Power arrangements internal to the switch for operating the driving mechanism
    • H01H3/30—Power arrangements internal to the switch for operating the driving mechanism using spring motor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H3/00—Mechanisms for operating contacts
    • H01H3/22—Power arrangements internal to the switch for operating the driving mechanism
    • H01H3/30—Power arrangements internal to the switch for operating the driving mechanism using spring motor
    • H01H3/3031—Means for locking the spring in a charged state

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to actuators for a medium voltage circuit breaker.
  • EP2650892A1 describes that the device has closure elements and an opening located opposite to a closure actuating-element and an opening actuating-element.
  • a mechanical connector comprises a part that is integrally connected with the closure elements.
  • a retractable element is cooperated with an actuator that actuates the closure actuating-element in a retractable position to transmit a command to the closure element.
  • An interlocking device is controlled by a selector.
  • an electrical switching apparatus such as a power circuit breaker, network protector or switch has a self-supporting operating mechanism module including a cage formed by a pair of side plates rigidly clamped in spaced relation by spacers.
  • the cage supports all of the operating mechanism components including a helical compression close spring mounted fully between the side plates and coupled to a cam member through a rocker in a manner which maintains the forces longitudinal to the spring.
  • the cam member has a charging cam with a charge profile for compressing the close spring and a close profile through which the spring drives the cam member to effect a controlled release of stored energy to close the contacts of the apparatus.
  • a close prop spring biased to an unlatched position, is latched to secure the close spring in the charged state by a latch assembly reset by a reset lever separate from the close prop which in turn is reset by rotation of the cam member during charging.
  • An interlock prevents release of the close spring when the contacts are closed or the trip release is actuated.
  • An indicator actuated by a driver pivoted against the cam shaft snaps from a discharged to a charged indication as the close spring becomes fully charged and the driver drops into a notch created by a flat on the cam shaft.
  • Rotating shafts are journalled solely in confronting apertures in the side plates. The cam shaft is captured between bushings seated in non-circular openings in the side plates thereby eliminating the need for any fasteners.
  • WO2013/137846A1 describes a trip blocking apparatus of a circuit breaker exhibiting no trip at off functionality. It is described that the trip blocking apparatus effectively blocks tripping of a trip bar when the circuit breaker is in the off configuration.
  • the trip blocking apparatus has a trip blocking arm and a blocking lever. A first projection of the blocking lever is configured to contact a handle arm, and a second projection is configured to interfere with the trip blocking arm to block tripping of the trip bar responsive to handle arm motion.
  • an actuator for a medium voltage circuit breaker comprising:
  • the closing shaft has a longitudinal axis.
  • the closing shaft comprises an interaction region at an interaction location along the longitudinal axis.
  • the closing shaft is configured to rotate about the longitudinal axis.
  • the closing shaft In a first state the closing shaft is configured to be at a first rotational position, and the closing hook is configured to be in contact with the interaction region such that the closing hook cannot rotate in a first rotational direction.
  • the closing shaft In a second state the closing shaft is configured to be at a second rotational position, and the closing hook is configured to rotate in the first rotational direction past the interaction region of the closing shaft.
  • the actuator is configured to transition from the first state to a third state.
  • the closing shaft In the transition from the first state to the third state the closing shaft is configured to rotate from the first rotational position to a third rotational position, and the closing hook is configured to be in contact with the interaction region such that the closing hook has been rotated in a second rotational direction opposite to the first rotational direction.
  • the actuator has applicability to low, medium and indeed high voltage applications, with that applicability extending beyond that for circuit breakers.
  • other low, medium and high voltage systems that require actuation from closed to open states can make use of the actuator provided and described herein.
  • a cross section of the closing shaft at the interaction region comprises a first dimension extending from the longitudinal axis to a first part of the outer surface of the closing shaft at a first angular position.
  • the cross section of the closing shaft at the interaction region comprises a second dimension extending from the longitudinal axis to a second part of the outer surface of the closing shaft at a second angular position.
  • the cross section of the closing shaft at the interaction region comprises a third dimension extending from the longitudinal axis to a third part of the outer surface of the closing shaft at a third angular position.
  • the first dimension is greater than the second dimension and the third dimension is greater than the first dimension.
  • the closing hook is configured to contact the interaction region of the closing shaft at the first part of the outer surface.
  • an outer portion of the closing hook is configured to pass in proximity to the second part of the outer surface of the closing shaft in rotating in the first rotational direction past the interaction region of the closing shaft.
  • the closing hook is configured to contact the interaction region of the closing shaft at the third part of the outer surface.
  • an eccentricity is used on the closing shaft, that is used to perform a small motion / micro motion of latching elements for an actuator, providing a check function for the actuator.
  • the actuator is configured to transition from the third state to the first state.
  • the closing shaft In the transition from the third state to the first state the closing shaft is configured to rotate from the third rotational position to the first rotational position, and the closing hook is configured to be in contact with the interaction region such that the closing hook has been rotated in the first rotational direction.
  • the actuator is configured to transition from the first state to the third state without entering the second state.
  • the actuator is configured to transition from the third state to the first state without entering the second state
  • the closing shaft is configured to rotate in the first rotational direction when the actuator transitions from the first state to the second state.
  • the closing shaft in the transition from the first state to the third state the closing shaft is configured to rotate in the second rotational direction to rotate from the first rotational position to the third rotational position.
  • the closing shaft in the transition from the first state to the third state the closing shaft is configured to rotate in the first rotational direction to rotate from the first rotational position to the third rotational position.
  • a sensor is configured to detect rotation of the closing hook in the second rotational direction when the closing shaft is configured to rotate from the first rotational position to the third rotational position.
  • a sensor is configured to detect rotation of the closing hook in the first rotational direction when the closing shaft is configured to rotate from the third rotational position to the first rotational position.
  • the same sensor is used to detect both rotations.
  • At least one sensor is configured to measure a force and/or torque required to rotate the closing shaft.
  • an actuating unit for the closing shaft is configured to detect rotation of the closing hook in the second rotational direction when the closing shaft is configured to rotate from the first rotational position to the third rotational position.
  • the actuating unit for the closing shaft is configured to detect rotation of the closing hook in the first rotational direction when the closing shaft is configured to rotate from the third rotational position to the first rotational position.
  • an actuator for a medium voltage circuit breaker comprising:
  • the opening shaft has a longitudinal axis.
  • the opening shaft comprises an interaction region at an interaction location along the longitudinal axis.
  • the opening shaft is configured to rotate about the longitudinal axis.
  • the opening shaft In a first state the opening shaft is configured to be at a first rotational position, and the opening hook is configured to be in contact with the interaction region such that the opening hook cannot rotate in a first rotational direction.
  • the opening shaft In a second state the opening shaft is configured to be at a second rotational position, and the opening hook is configured to rotate in the first rotational direction past the interaction region of the opening shaft.
  • the actuator is configured to transition from the first state to a third state.
  • the opening shaft In the transition from the first state to the third state the opening shaft is configured to rotate from the first rotational position to a third rotational position, and the opening hook is configured to be in contact with the interaction region such that the opening hook has been rotated in a second rotational direction opposite to the first rotational direction.
  • a cross section of the opening shaft at the interaction region comprises a first dimension extending from the longitudinal axis to a first part of the outer surface of the opening shaft at a first angular position.
  • the cross section of the opening shaft at the interaction region comprises a second dimension extending from the longitudinal axis to a second part of the outer surface of the opening shaft at a second angular position.
  • the cross section of the opening shaft at the interaction region comprises a third dimension extending from the longitudinal axis to a third part of the outer surface of the opening shaft at a third angular position.
  • the first dimension is greater than the second dimension and the third dimension is greater than the first dimension.
  • the opening hook is configured to contact the interaction region of the opening shaft at the first part of the outer surface.
  • an outer portion of the opening hook is configured to pass in proximity to the second part of the outer surface of the opening shaft in rotating in the first rotational direction past the interaction region of the opening shaft.
  • the opening hook is configured to contact the interaction region of the opening shaft at the third part of the outer surface.
  • an eccentricity is used on the opening shaft, that is used to perform a small motion / micro motion of latching elements for an actuator, providing a check function for the actuator.
  • the actuator is configured to transition from the third state to the first state.
  • the opening shaft In the transition from the third state to the first state the opening shaft is configured to rotate from the third rotational position to the first rotational position, and the opening hook is configured to be in contact with the interaction region such that the opening hook has been rotated in the first rotational direction.
  • the actuator is configured to transition from the first state to the third state without entering the second state.
  • the actuator is configured to transition from the third state to the first state without entering the second state
  • the opening shaft is configured to rotate in the first rotational direction when the actuator transitions from the first state to the second state.
  • the opening shaft in the transition from the first state to the third state is configured to rotate in the second rotational direction to rotate from the first rotational position to the third rotational position.
  • the opening shaft in the transition from the first state to the third state is configured to rotate in the first rotational direction to rotate from the first rotational position to the third rotational position.
  • a sensor is configured to detect rotation of the opening hook in the second direction when the opening shaft is configured to rotate from the first rotational position to the third rotational position.
  • a the sensor is configured to detect rotation of the opening hook in the first direction when the opening shaft is configured to rotate from the third rotational position to the first rotational position.
  • the same sensor is used to detect both rotations.
  • At least one sensor is configured to measure a force and/or torque required to rotate the opening hook.
  • an actuating unit for the opening shaft is configured to detect rotation of the opening hook in the second direction when the opening shaft is configured to rotate from the first rotational position to the third rotational position.
  • the actuating unit for the opening shaft is configured to detect rotation of the opening hook in the first direction when the opening shaft is configured to rotate from the third rotational position to the first rotational position.
  • an actuator for a medium voltage circuit breaker comprising:
  • the closing shaft has a longitudinal axis.
  • the closing shaft comprises an interaction region at an interaction location along the longitudinal axis.
  • the closing shaft is configured to rotate about the longitudinal axis.
  • the closing shaft In a first state the closing shaft is configured to be at a first rotational position, wherein the closing hook is configured to be in contact with the interaction region such that the closing hook cannot rotate in a first rotational direction.
  • the closing shaft In a second state the closing shaft is configured to be at a second rotational position, wherein the closing hook is configured to rotate in the first rotational direction past the interaction region of the closing shaft.
  • the actuator is configured to transition from the first state to a third, wherein the closing shaft is configured to rotate from the first rotational position to a third rotational position, and wherein the closing hook is configured to be in contact with the interaction region such that the closing hook has been rotated in a second rotational direction opposite to the first rotational direction.
  • the opening shaft has a longitudinal axis.
  • the opening shaft comprises an interaction region at an interaction location along the longitudinal axis.
  • the opening shaft is configured to rotate about the longitudinal axis.
  • the opening shaft is configured to be at a first rotational position, wherein the opening hook is configured to be in contact with the interaction region such that the opening hook cannot rotate in the second rotational direction.
  • the opening shaft is configured to be at a second rotational position, wherein the opening hook is configured to rotate in the second rotational direction past the interaction region of the opening shaft.
  • the actuator is configured to transition from the fourth state to a sixth, wherein the opening shaft is configured to rotate from the first rotational position to a third rotational position, and wherein the opening hook is configured to be in contact with the interaction region such that the opening hook has been rotated in the first rotational direction.
  • Figs. 1-7 show examples of actuators and relevant parts of those actuator.
  • the actuator comprises a closing shaft 1, and a closing hook 2.
  • the closing shaft has a longitudinal axis.
  • the closing shaft comprises an interaction region at an interaction location along the longitudinal axis.
  • the closing shaft is configured to rotate about the longitudinal axis. In a first state the closing shaft is configured to be at a first rotational position, and the closing hook is configured to be in contact with the interaction region such that the closing hook cannot rotate in a first rotational direction. In a second state the closing shaft is configured to be at a second rotational position, and the closing hook is configured to rotate in the first rotational direction past the interaction region of the closing shaft.
  • the second state involves the closing shaft moving from the first rotational position to the second rotational position thereby releasing the closing hook that can then rotate past the closing shaft.
  • the actuator is configured to transition from the first state to a third state.
  • the closing shaft In the transition from the first state to the third state the closing shaft is configured to rotate from the first rotational position to a third rotational position, and the closing hook is configured to be in contact with the interaction region such that the closing hook has been rotated in a second rotational direction opposite to the first rotational direction.
  • the actuator has a closing shaft that functions as a locking shaft for closing operation, and the actuator has a closing hook that functions as a latch for closing operation - a closing latch.
  • the actuator is then configured to enable the operation of the actuator to be simply and conveniently established.
  • a cross section of the closing shaft at the interaction region comprises a first dimension extending from the longitudinal axis to a first part of the outer surface of the closing shaft at a first angular position.
  • the cross section of the closing shaft at the interaction region comprises a second dimension extending from the longitudinal axis to a second part of the outer surface of the closing shaft at a second angular position.
  • the cross section of the closing shaft at the interaction region comprises a third dimension extending from the longitudinal axis to a third part of the outer surface of the closing shaft at a third angular position.
  • the first dimension is greater than the second dimension and the third dimension is greater than the first dimension.
  • the closing hook is configured to contact the interaction region of the closing shaft at the first part of the outer surface.
  • an outer portion of the closing hook is configured to pass in proximity to the second part of the outer surface of the closing shaft in rotating in the first rotational direction past the interaction region of the closing shaft.
  • the closing hook is configured to contact the interaction region of the closing shaft at the third part of the outer surface.
  • the actuator is configured to transition from the third state to the first state.
  • the closing shaft In the transition from the third state to the first state the closing shaft is configured to rotate from the third rotational position to the first rotational position, and the closing hook is configured to be in contact with the interaction region such that the closing hook has been rotated in the first rotational direction.
  • the closing hook if the closing hook is not functioning correctly, it may not rotate back and this lack of rotation detected to determine that there is a problem with the actuator.
  • the actuator is configured to transition from the first state to the third state without entering the second state.
  • the actuator is configured to transition from the third state to the first state without entering the second state
  • the closing shaft is configured to rotate in the first rotational direction when the actuator transitions from the first state to the second state.
  • the closing shaft in the transition from the first state to the third state the closing shaft is configured to rotate in the second rotational direction to rotate from the first rotational position to the third rotational position.
  • the closing shaft in the transition from the first state to the third state the closing shaft is configured to rotate in the first rotational direction to rotate from the first rotational position to the third rotational position.
  • a sensor is configured to detect rotation of the closing hook in the second rotational direction when the closing shaft is configured to rotate from the first rotational position to the third rotational position.
  • a sensor is configured to detect rotation of the closing hook in the first rotational direction when the closing shaft is configured to rotate from the third rotational position to the first rotational position.
  • the same sensor is configured to detect both rotations.
  • At least one sensor is configured to measure a force and/or torque required to rotate the closing shaft.
  • an actuating unit for the closing shaft is configured to detect rotation of the closing hook in the second rotational direction when the closing shaft is configured to rotate from the first rotational position to the third rotational position.
  • the actuating unit for the closing shaft is configured to detect rotation of the closing hook in the first rotational direction when the closing shaft is configured to rotate from the third rotational position to the first rotational position.
  • the actuator comprises an opening shaft 3, and an opening hook 4.
  • the opening shaft has a longitudinal axis.
  • the opening shaft comprises an interaction region at an interaction location along the longitudinal axis.
  • the opening shaft is configured to rotate about the longitudinal axis. In a first state the opening shaft is configured to be at a first rotational position, and the opening hook is configured to be in contact with the interaction region such that the opening hook cannot rotate in a first rotational direction. In a second state the opening shaft is configured to be at a second rotational position, and the opening hook is configured to rotate in the first rotational direction past the interaction region of the opening shaft.
  • the second state involves the opening shaft moving from the first rotational position to the second rotational position thereby releasing the opening hook that can then rotate past the opening shaft.
  • the actuator is configured to transition from the first state to a third state.
  • the opening shaft In the transition from the first state to the third state the opening shaft is configured to rotate from the first rotational position to a third rotational position, and the opening hook is configured to be in contact with the interaction region such that the opening hook has been rotated in a second rotational direction opposite to the first rotational direction.
  • the actuator has an opening shaft that functions as a locking shaft for opening operation, and the actuator has an opening hook that functions as a latch for opening operation - an opening latch.
  • the actuator is then configured to enable the operation of the actuator to be simply and conveniently established.
  • first rotational direction referred to with respect this example can be in a different rotational direction to the first rotational direction referred to with respect to the the first exemplar actuator described with respect to the figures.
  • a cross section of the opening shaft at the interaction region comprises a first dimension extending from the longitudinal axis to a first part of the outer surface of the opening shaft at a first angular position.
  • the cross section of the opening shaft at the interaction region comprises a second dimension extending from the longitudinal axis to a second part of the outer surface of the opening shaft at a second angular position.
  • the cross section of the opening shaft at the interaction region comprises a third dimension extending from the longitudinal axis to a third part of the outer surface of the opening shaft at a third angular position.
  • the first dimension is greater than the second dimension and the third dimension is greater than the first dimension.
  • the opening hook is configured to contact the interaction region of the opening shaft at the first part of the outer surface.
  • an outer portion of the opening hook is configured to pass in proximity to the second part of the outer surface of the opening shaft in rotating in the first rotational direction past the interaction region of the opening shaft.
  • the opening hook is configured to contact the interaction region of the opening shaft at the third part of the outer surface.
  • the actuator is configured to transition from the third state to the first state.
  • the opening shaft In the transition from the third state to the first state the opening shaft is configured to rotate from the third rotational position to the first rotational position, and the opening hook is configured to be in contact with the interaction region such that the opening hook has been rotated in the first rotational direction.
  • the opening hook is not functioning correctly, it may not rotate back and this lack of rotation detected to determine that there is a problem with the actuator.
  • the actuator is configured to transition from the first state to the third state without entering the second state.
  • the actuator is configured to transition from the third state to the first state without entering the second state
  • the opening shaft is configured to rotate in the first rotational direction when the actuator transitions from the first state to the second state.
  • the opening shaft in the transition from the first state to the third state is configured to rotate in the second rotational direction to rotate from the first rotational position to the third rotational position.
  • the opening shaft in the transition from the first state to the third state the opening shaft is configured to rotate in the first rotational direction to rotate from the first rotational position to the third rotational position.
  • a sensor is configured to detect rotation of the opening hook in the second direction when the opening shaft is configured to rotate from the first rotational position to the third rotational position.
  • a sensor is configured to detect rotation of the opening hook in the first direction when the opening shaft is configured to rotate from the third rotational position to the first rotational position.
  • the same sensor is configured to detect both rotations.
  • At least one sensor is configured to measure a force and/or torque required to rotate the opening hook.
  • a sensor can be used to indicate or establish the proper functioning of the actuator in the following manner.
  • the next element in the internal kinematic chain is a so called “opening lever", where the opening hook is touching on the opposite side.
  • This opening lever can therefore be moved, and an additional sensor on, or associated with this second component can be used to indicate the proper functioning of the actuator.
  • an actuating unit for the opening shaft is configured to detect rotation of the opening hook in the second direction when the opening shaft is configured to rotate from the first rotational position to the third rotational position.
  • the actuating unit for the opening shaft is configured to detect rotation of the opening hook in the first direction when the opening shaft is configured to rotate from the third rotational position to the first rotational position.
  • the actuator comprises a closing shaft 1, a closing hook 2, an opening shaft 3, and an opening hook 4.
  • the closing shaft has a longitudinal axis.
  • the closing shaft comprises an interaction region at an interaction location along the longitudinal axis.
  • the closing shaft is configured to rotate about the longitudinal axis. In a first state the closing shaft is configured to be at a first rotational position, and the closing hook is configured to be in contact with the interaction region such that the closing hook cannot rotate in a first rotational direction. In a second state the closing shaft is configured to be at a second rotational position, wherein the closing hook is configured to rotate in the first rotational direction past the interaction region of the closing shaft.
  • the second state involves the closing shaft moving from the first rotational position to the second rotational position thereby releasing the closing hook that can then rotate past the closing shaft.
  • the actuator is configured to transition from the first state to a third state.
  • the closing shaft In the transition from the first state to the third state the closing shaft is configured to rotate from the first rotational position to a third rotational position, and the closing hook is configured to be in contact with the interaction region such that the closing hook has been rotated in a second rotational direction opposite to the first rotational direction; wherein, the opening shaft has a longitudinal axis.
  • the opening shaft comprises an interaction region at an interaction location along the longitudinal axis.
  • the opening shaft is configured to rotate about the longitudinal axis.
  • the opening shaft In a fourth state the opening shaft is configured to be at a first rotational position, and the opening hook is configured to be in contact with the interaction region such that the opening hook cannot rotate in the second rotational direction.
  • the opening shaft In a fifth state the opening shaft is configured to be at a second rotational position, and the opening hook is configured to rotate in the second rotational direction past the interaction region of the opening shaft.
  • the actuator is configured to transition from the fourth state to a sixth state. In the transition from the fourth state to the sixth state the opening shaft is configured to rotate from the first rotational position to a third rotational position, and the opening hook is configured to be in contact with the interaction region such that the opening hook has been rotated in the first rotational direction.
  • a cross section of the closing shaft at the interaction region comprises a first dimension extending from the longitudinal axis to a first part of the outer surface of the closing shaft at a first angular position.
  • the cross section of the closing shaft at the interaction region comprises a second dimension extending from the longitudinal axis to a second part of the outer surface of the closing shaft at a second angular position.
  • the cross section of the closing shaft at the interaction region comprises a third dimension extending from the longitudinal axis to a third part of the outer surface of the closing shaft at a third angular position.
  • the first dimension of the closing shaft is greater than the second dimension of the closing shaft and the third dimension of the closing shaft is greater than the first dimension of the closing shaft.
  • the closing hook In the first state the closing hook is configured to contact the interaction region of the closing shaft at the first part of the outer surface. In the second state an outer portion of the closing hook is configured to pass in proximity to the second part of the outer surface of the closing shaft in rotating in the first rotational direction past the interaction region of the closing shaft. In the third state, when the closing shaft is configured to be in the third rotational position the closing hook is configured to contact the interaction region of the closing shaft at the third part of the outer surface.
  • the actuator is configured to transition from the third state to the first state.
  • the closing shaft In the transition from the third state to the first state the closing shaft is configured to rotate from the third rotational position to the first rotational position, and the closing hook is configured to be in contact with the interaction region such that the closing hook has been rotated in the first rotational direction.
  • the closing hook if the closing hook is not functioning correctly, it may not rotate back and this lack of rotation detected to determine that there is a problem with the actuator.
  • the actuator is configured to transition from the first state to the third state without entering the second state.
  • the actuator is configured to transition from the third state to the first state without entering the second state
  • the closing shaft is configured to rotate in the first rotational direction when the actuator transitions from the first state to the second state.
  • the closing shaft in the transition from the first state to the third state the closing shaft is configured to rotate in the second rotational direction to rotate from the first rotational position to the third rotational position.
  • the closing shaft in the transition from the first state to the third state the closing shaft is configured to rotate in the first rotational direction to rotate from the first rotational position to the third rotational position.
  • a sensor is configured to detect rotation of the closing hook in the second direction when the closing shaft is configured to rotate from the first rotational position to the third rotational position.
  • a sensor is configured to detect rotation of the closing hook in the first direction when the closing shaft is configured to rotate from the third rotational position to the first rotational position.
  • the same sensor is configured to detect both rotations.
  • an actuating unit for the closing shaft is configured to detect rotation of the closing hook in the second direction when the closing shaft is configured to rotate from the first rotational position to the third rotational position.
  • the actuating unit for the closing shaft is configured to detect rotation of the closing hook in the first direction when the closing shaft is configured to rotate from the third rotational position to the first rotational position.
  • a cross section of the opening shaft at the interaction region comprises a first dimension extending from the longitudinal axis to a first part of the outer surface of the opening shaft at a first angular position.
  • the cross section of the opening shaft at the interaction region comprises a second dimension extending from the longitudinal axis to a second part of the outer surface of the opening shaft at a second angular position.
  • the cross section of the opening shaft at the interaction region comprises a third dimension extending from the longitudinal axis to a third part of the outer surface of the opening shaft at a third angular position.
  • the first dimension of the opening shaft is greater than the second dimension of the opening shaft and the third dimension of the opening shaft is greater than the first dimension of the opening shaft.
  • the opening hook is configured to contact the interaction region of the opening shaft at the first part of the outer surface.
  • an outer portion of the opening hook is configured to pass in proximity to the second part of the outer surface of the opening shaft in rotating in the second rotational direction past the interaction region of the opening shaft.
  • the opening hook is configured to contact the interaction region of the opening shaft at the third part of the outer surface.
  • the actuator is configured to transition from the sixth state to the fourth state, wherein the opening shaft is configured to rotate from the third rotational position to the first rotational position, wherein the opening hook is configured to be in contact with the interaction region such that the opening hook has been rotated in the second rotational direction.
  • the opening hook is not functioning correctly, it may not rotate back and this lack of rotation detected to determine that there is a problem with the actuator.
  • the actuator is configured to transition from the fourth state to the sixth state without entering the fifth state.
  • the actuator is configured to transition from the sixth state to the fourth state without entering the fifth state
  • the opening shaft is configured to rotate in the second rotational direction when the actuator transitions from the fourth state to the fifth state.
  • the opening shaft in the transition from the fourth state to the sixth state is configured to rotate in the first rotational direction to rotate from the first rotational position to the third rotational position.
  • the opening shaft in the transition from the fourth state to the sixth state is configured to rotate in the second rotational direction to rotate from the first rotational position to the third rotational position.
  • a sensor is configured to detect rotation of the opening hook in the first direction when the opening shaft is configured to rotate from the first rotational position to the third rotational position.
  • a sensor is configured to detect rotation of the opening hook in the second rotational direction when the opening shaft is configured to rotate from the third rotational position to the first rotational position.
  • the same sensor is configured to detect both rotations.
  • an actuating unit for the opening shaft is configured to detect rotation of the opening hook in the first rotational direction when the opening shaft is configured to rotate from the first rotational position to the third rotational position.
  • the actuating unit for the opening shaft is configured to detect rotation of the opening hook in the second rotational direction when the opening shaft is configured to rotate from the third rotational position to the first rotational position.
  • specific features are described that enable the latching elements for both closing an opening an actuator for a circuit breaker to be checked without having to activate the circuit breaker itself.
  • the features described can be used to check if latching elements of actuator used for other purposes are functioning correctly, and reference to a circuit breaker is only exemplary.
  • Fig 1 shows as one example of mechanical actuator types the an actuator with details on the latching elements for closing (parts 1 and 2) and opening (parts 3 and 4).
  • the shown latching elements are contacting and pushed together without any motion over the time of operation of the circuit breaker.
  • Parts have been introduced enabling the latching elements for closing and opening of a mechanical spring drive actuator to be moved without releasing the actuator completely or fully operating the application.
  • Fig. 2 shows the intended motion for the example of the closing hook.
  • the top figure shows the regular operation with the closing shaft rotation for releasing the closing hook.
  • the closing hook can be operated in the opposite direction of normal release in order to keep the requiremets on force on the actuation low, as shown at the bottom.
  • a small motion or micromotion of the latching elements can be used to identify a potential failure and indicate the need for a failure alarm or prevent a failure due to glueing of contacts.
  • Fig. 3 shows how such a motion can be generated, where the latching elements have been re-designed, introducing an eccentric element on the closing and/or opening shaft as shown as example in Fig. 3 for a closing shaft, but where a similar re-design applies to the opening shaft.
  • the additional eccentric element 5 on the closing shaft is used to generate the necessary micromotion when the circuit breaker is in normal operating mode.
  • Fig. 4 shows one example of a sequence of the micromotion and the use of the eccentricity on the closing shaft 1.
  • the closing hook 2 contacts the closing shaft 1 and is in a latched position.
  • the checking state as shown in the top right image, the closing shaft 1 is rotated in an opposite direction of the regular release direction, and the closing hook 2 is rotated and checked for its functioning in the latched position.
  • the eccentricity of the closing shaft 1 forces the closing hook 2 to follow the shape in the contact zone and, by this, the closing hook 2 is rotated for a certain angular value, based on the eccentricity design.
  • an additional sensor e.g.
  • the rotation of the closing hook 2 can be detected.
  • the closing shaft is rotated backwards to the original position and the closing hook 2 is following again, since it is driven by the closing spring forces towards the shaft. This is again the normal state where the closing hook 2 is resting on the closing shaft 1 in the latched position.
  • the release of the losing hook is shown in the bottom right image, where the closing shaft 1 is rotated in the release direction, and the closing hook is released and the closing operation is started.
  • Fig. 5 shows an example of an additional eccentric element on the opening shaft 3.
  • an eccentric opening shaft 3 design is used in order to detect the functionality of the latching elements. Similar to the check on closing, as shown in the left image the opening latch is in a normal state with the opening hook 4 resting on the opening shaft 3 in the latched position. As shown in the right hand image, in the check state when the opening shaft 3 is rotated in an opposite direction to the normal release direction the opening hook 4 is rotated and checked for functioning in the latched position where the opening hook has been forced to undertake a small rotation. That motion can be detected with a sensor. Instead of using an additional sensor, the positive feedback or the actuating unit of the shaft (e.g.
  • a sensor can be used to detect or monitor the force and/or torque required to perform the micromotion, and this can be evaluated against a normal, established, force and/or torque and this can be used to detect or establish the proper functioning of the latching elements.
  • Fig. 6 shows another design of the eccentric shaft.
  • the eccentricity is introduced in a way, that a rotation of the shaft in the same direction as the usual operating direction is introducing the motion on the latching hook.
  • the additional eccentric element 6 on the closing shaft is used to generate the necessary micromotion when the circuit breaker is in normal operating mode.
  • a 2-step-actuation of the shaft is utilized.
  • the working sequence is shown in Fig. 7 .
  • the closing hook 2 In normal state as shown in the top image the closing hook 2 is contacting the closing shaft 1, and is resting in its latched position.
  • the closing shaft 2 In check mode, as shown in the centre image the closing shaft 2 is rotated for a certain value (x degrees) with a special type of 2-step actuator and, by this, pushing and rotating the closing hook 2.
  • the actuator rotates the closing shaft 1 for the additional value (y degrees) and the actautor can release the circuit breaker to open.

Claims (21)

  1. Aktuator für einen Mittelspannungs-Leistungsschalter, wobei der Aktuator Folgendes umfasst:
    - eine Schließwelle (1); und
    - einen Schließhaken (2);
    wobei die Schließwelle eine Längsachse aufweist;
    wobei die Schließwelle eine Interaktionsregion an einem Interaktionsort entlang der Längsachse umfasst;
    wobei die Schließwelle ausgelegt ist zum Rotieren um die Längsachse;
    wobei ein Querschnitt der Schließwelle an der Interaktionsregion eine erste Dimension umfasst, die sich von der Längsachse zu einem ersten Teil der äußeren Oberfläche der Schließwelle bei einer ersten Winkelposition erstreckt;
    wobei der Querschnitt der Schließwelle an der Interaktionsregion eine zweite Dimension umfasst, die sich von der Längsachse zu einem zweiten Teil der äußeren Oberfläche der Schließwelle bei einer zweiten Winkelposition erstreckt;
    wobei der Querschnitt der Schließwelle an der Interaktionsregion eine dritte Dimension umfasst, die sich von der Längsachse zu einem dritten Teil der äußeren Oberfläche der Schließwelle bei einer dritten Winkelposition erstreckt;
    wobei die erste Dimension größer als die zweite Dimension ist und die dritte Dimension größer als die erste Dimension ist;
    wobei, in einem ersten Zustand, die Schließwelle dazu ausgelegt ist, in einer ersten rotatorischen Position zu sein, wobei der Schließhaken dazu ausgelegt ist, in Kontakt mit der Interaktionsregion zu sein, sodass der Schließhaken nicht in einer ersten rotatorischen Richtung rotieren kann;
    wobei, in dem ersten Zustand, der Schließhaken dazu ausgelegt ist, am ersten Teil der äußeren Oberfläche mit der Interaktionsregion der Schließwelle in Kontakt zu sein;
    wobei, in einem zweiten Zustand, die Schließwelle dazu ausgelegt ist, in einer zweiten rotatorischen Position zu sein, wobei der Schließhaken dazu ausgelegt ist, in der ersten rotatorischen Richtung über die Interaktionsregion der Schließwelle hinaus zu rotieren; wobei, in dem zweiten Zustand, ein äußerer Teil des Schließhakens dazu ausgelegt ist, beim Rotieren in der ersten rotatorischen Richtung über die Interaktionsregion der Schließwelle hinaus nahe dem zweiten Teil der äußeren Oberfläche der Schließwelle vorbeizulaufen;
    wobei der Aktuator dazu ausgelegt ist, aus dem ersten Zustand in einen dritten Zustand überzugehen, wobei die Schließwelle dazu ausgelegt ist, aus der ersten rotatorischen Position in eine dritte rotatorische Position zu rotieren, wobei der Schließhaken dazu ausgelegt ist, mit der Interaktionsregion in Kontakt zu sein, sodass der Schließhaken in einer zweiten rotatorischen Richtung rotiert wurde, die der ersten rotatorischen Richtung entgegengesetzt ist; und
    wobei, in dem dritten Zustand, wenn die Schließwelle dazu ausgelegt ist, in der dritten rotatorischen Position zu sein, der Schließhaken dazu ausgelegt ist, am dritten Teil der äußeren Oberfläche mit der Interaktionsregion der Schließwelle in Kontakt zu sein.
  2. Aktuator nach Anspruch 1, wobei der Aktuator dazu ausgelegt ist, aus dem dritten Zustand in den ersten Zustand überzugehen, wobei die Schließwelle dazu ausgelegt ist, aus der dritten rotatorischen Position in die erste rotatorische Position zu rotieren, wobei der Schließhaken dazu ausgelegt ist, mit der Interaktionsregion in Kontakt zu sein, sodass der Schließhaken in der ersten rotatorischen Richtung rotiert wurde.
  3. Aktuator nach einem der Ansprüche 1-2, wobei der Aktuator dazu ausgelegt ist, von dem ersten Zustand in den dritten Zustand überzugehen, ohne in den zweiten Zustand einzutreten.
  4. Aktuator nach einem der Ansprüche 2-3, wobei der Aktuator dazu ausgelegt ist, von dem dritten Zustand in den ersten Zustand überzugehen, ohne in den zweiten Zustand einzutreten.
  5. Aktuator nach einem der Ansprüche 1-4, wobei die Schließwelle dazu ausgelegt ist, in der ersten rotatorischen Richtung zu rotieren, wenn der Aktuator vom ersten Zustand in den zweiten Zustand übergeht.
  6. Aktuator nach einem der Ansprüche 1-5, wobei, beim Übergang vom ersten Zustand in den dritten Zustand, die Schließwelle dazu ausgelegt ist, in der zweiten rotatorischen Richtung zu rotieren, um von der ersten rotatorischen Position in die dritte rotatorische Position zu rotieren.
  7. Aktuator nach einem der Ansprüche 1-5, wobei, beim Übergang vom ersten Zustand in den dritten Zustand, die Schließwelle dazu ausgelegt ist, in der ersten rotatorischen Richtung zu rotieren, um von der ersten rotatorischen Position in die dritte rotatorische Position zu rotieren.
  8. Aktuator nach einem der Ansprüche 1-7, wobei ein Sensor dazu ausgelegt ist, Rotation des Schließhakens in der zweiten rotatorischen Richtung zu detektieren, wenn die Schließwelle dazu ausgelegt ist, von der ersten rotatorischen Position in die dritte rotatorische Position zu rotieren, und/oder der Sensor dazu ausgelegt ist, Rotation des Schließhakens in der ersten rotatorischen Richtung zu detektieren, wenn die Schließwelle dazu ausgelegt ist, von der dritten rotatorischen Position in die erste rotatorische Position zu rotieren.
  9. Aktuator nach einem der Ansprüche 1-8, wobei der zumindest eine Sensor dazu ausgelegt ist, eine Kraft und/oder ein Drehmoment zu messen, die bzw. das erforderlich ist, damit die Schließwelle rotiert.
  10. Aktuator nach einem der Ansprüche 1-9, wobei eine Betätigungseinheit für die Schließwelle dazu ausgelegt ist, Rotation des Schließhakens in der zweiten rotatorischen Richtung zu detektieren, wenn die Schließwelle dazu ausgelegt ist, von der ersten rotatorischen Position in die dritte rotatorische Position zu rotieren, und/oder die Betätigungseinheit für die Schließwelle dazu ausgelegt ist, Rotation des Schließhakens in der ersten rotatorischen Richtung zu detektieren, wenn die Schließwelle dazu ausgelegt ist, von der dritten rotatorischen Position in die erste rotatorische Position zu rotieren.
  11. Aktuator für einen Mittelspannungs-Leistungsschalter, wobei der Aktuator Folgendes umfasst:
    - eine Öffnungswelle (3); und
    - einen Öffnungshaken (4);
    wobei die Öffnungswelle eine Längsachse aufweist;
    wobei die Öffnungswelle eine Interaktionsregion an einem Interaktionsort entlang der Längsachse umfasst;
    wobei die Öffnungswelle ausgelegt ist zum Rotieren um die Längsachse;
    wobei ein Querschnitt der Öffnungswelle an der Interaktionsregion eine erste Dimension umfasst, die sich von der Längsachse zu einem ersten Teil der äußeren Oberfläche der Öffnungswelle bei einer ersten Winkelposition erstreckt;
    wobei der Querschnitt der Öffnungswelle an der Interaktionsregion eine zweite Dimension umfasst, die sich von der Längsachse zu einem zweiten Teil der äußeren Oberfläche der Öffnungswelle bei einer zweiten Winkelposition erstreckt;
    wobei der Querschnitt der Öffnungswelle an der Interaktionsregion eine dritte Dimension umfasst, die sich von der Längsachse zu einem dritten Teil der äußeren Oberfläche der Öffnungswelle bei einer dritten Winkelposition erstreckt;
    wobei die erste Dimension größer als die zweite Dimension ist und die dritte Dimension größer als die erste Dimension ist;
    wobei, in einem ersten Zustand, die Öffnungswelle dazu ausgelegt ist, in einer ersten rotatorischen Position zu sein, wobei der Öffnungshaken dazu ausgelegt ist, in Kontakt mit der Interaktionsregion zu sein, sodass der Öffnungshaken nicht in einer ersten rotatorischen Richtung rotieren kann;
    wobei, in dem ersten Zustand, der Öffnungshaken dazu ausgelegt ist, am ersten Teil der äußeren Oberfläche mit der Interaktionsregion der Öffnungswelle in Kontakt zu sein;
    wobei, in einem zweiten Zustand, die Öffnungswelle dazu ausgelegt ist, in einer zweiten rotatorischen Position zu sein, wobei der Öffnungshaken dazu ausgelegt ist, in der ersten rotatorischen Richtung über die Interaktionsregion der Öffnungswelle hinaus zu rotieren; wobei, in dem zweiten Zustand, ein äußerer Teil des Öffnungshakens dazu ausgelegt ist, beim Rotieren in der ersten rotatorischen Richtung über die Interaktionsregion der Öffnungswelle hinaus nahe dem zweiten Teil der äußeren Oberfläche der Öffnungswelle vorbeizulaufen;
    wobei der Aktuator dazu ausgelegt ist, aus dem ersten Zustand in einen dritten Zustand überzugehen, wobei die Öffnungswelle dazu ausgelegt ist, aus der ersten rotatorischen Position in eine dritte rotatorische Position zu rotieren, wobei der Öffnungshaken dazu ausgelegt ist, mit der Interaktionsregion in Kontakt zu sein, sodass der Öffnungshaken in einer zweiten rotatorischen Richtung rotiert wurde, die der ersten rotatorischen Richtung entgegengesetzt ist; und
    wobei, in dem dritten Zustand, wenn die Öffnungswelle dazu ausgelegt ist, in der dritten rotatorischen Position zu sein, der Öffnungshaken dazu ausgelegt ist, am dritten Teil der äußeren Oberfläche mit der Interaktionsregion der Öffnungswelle in Kontakt zu sein.
  12. Aktuator nach Anspruch 11, wobei der Aktuator dazu ausgelegt ist, aus dem dritten Zustand in den ersten Zustand überzugehen, wobei die Öffnungswelle dazu ausgelegt ist, aus der dritten rotatorischen Position in die erste rotatorische Position zu rotieren, wobei der Öffnungshaken dazu ausgelegt ist, mit der Interaktionsregion in Kontakt zu sein, sodass der Öffnungshaken in der ersten rotatorischen Richtung rotiert wurde.
  13. Aktuator nach einem der Ansprüche 11-12, wobei der Aktuator dazu ausgelegt ist, von dem ersten Zustand in den dritten Zustand überzugehen, ohne in den zweiten Zustand einzutreten.
  14. Aktuator nach einem der Ansprüche 12-13, wobei der Aktuator dazu ausgelegt ist, von dem dritten Zustand in den ersten Zustand überzugehen, ohne in den zweiten Zustand einzutreten.
  15. Aktuator nach einem der Ansprüche 11-14, wobei die Öffnungswelle dazu ausgelegt ist, in der ersten rotatorischen Richtung zu rotieren, wenn der Aktuator vom ersten Zustand in den zweiten Zustand übergeht.
  16. Aktuator nach einem der Ansprüche 11-15, wobei, beim Übergang vom ersten Zustand in den dritten Zustand, die Öffnungswelle dazu ausgelegt ist, in der zweiten rotatorischen Richtung zu rotieren, um von der ersten rotatorischen Position in die dritte rotatorische Position zu rotieren.
  17. Aktuator nach einem der Ansprüche 11-15, wobei, beim Übergang vom ersten Zustand in den dritten Zustand, die Öffnungswelle dazu ausgelegt ist, in der ersten rotatorischen Richtung zu rotieren, um von der ersten rotatorischen Position in die dritte rotatorische Position zu rotieren.
  18. Aktuator nach einem der Ansprüche 11-17, wobei ein Sensor dazu ausgelegt ist, Rotation des Öffnungshakens in der zweiten Richtung zu detektieren, wenn die Öffnungswelle dazu ausgelegt ist, von der ersten rotatorischen Position in die dritte rotatorische Position zu rotieren, und/oder der Sensor dazu ausgelegt ist, Rotation des Öffnungshakens in der ersten Richtung zu detektieren, wenn die Öffnungswelle dazu ausgelegt ist, von der dritten rotatorischen Position in die erste rotatorische Position zu rotieren.
  19. Aktuator nach einem der Ansprüche 11-18, wobei der zumindest eine Sensor dazu ausgelegt ist, eine Kraft und/oder ein Drehmoment zu messen, die bzw. das erforderlich ist, damit die Öffnungswelle rotiert.
  20. Aktuator nach einem der Ansprüche 11-19, wobei eine Betätigungseinheit für die Öffnungswelle dazu ausgelegt ist, Rotation des Öffnungshakens in der zweiten Richtung zu detektieren, wenn die Öffnungswelle dazu ausgelegt ist, von der ersten rotatorischen Position in die dritte rotatorische Position zu rotieren, und/oder die Betätigungseinheit für die Öffnungswelle dazu ausgelegt ist, Rotation des Öffnungshakens in der ersten Richtung zu detektieren, wenn die Öffnungswelle dazu ausgelegt ist, von der dritten rotatorischen Position in die erste rotatorische Position zu rotieren.
  21. Aktuator für einen Mittelspannungs-Leistungsschalter, wobei der Aktuator Folgendes umfasst:
    - eine Schließwelle (1);
    - einen Schließhaken (2);
    - eine Öffnungswelle (3); und
    - einen Öffnungshaken (4);
    wobei die Schließwelle eine Längsachse aufweist;
    wobei die Schließwelle eine Interaktionsregion an einem Interaktionsort entlang der Längsachse umfasst;
    wobei die Schließwelle ausgelegt ist zum Rotieren um die Längsachse;
    wobei ein Querschnitt der Schließwelle an der Interaktionsregion eine erste Dimension umfasst, die sich von der Längsachse zu einem ersten Teil der äußeren Oberfläche der Schließwelle bei einer ersten Winkelposition erstreckt;
    wobei der Querschnitt der Schließwelle an der Interaktionsregion eine zweite Dimension umfasst, die sich von der Längsachse zu einem zweiten Teil der äußeren Oberfläche der Schließwelle bei einer zweiten Winkelposition erstreckt;
    wobei der Querschnitt der Schließwelle an der Interaktionsregion eine dritte Dimension umfasst, die sich von der Längsachse zu einem dritten Teil der äußeren Oberfläche der Schließwelle bei einer dritten Winkelposition erstreckt;
    wobei die erste Dimension größer als die zweite Dimension ist und die dritte Dimension größer als die erste Dimension ist;
    wobei, in einem ersten Zustand, die Schließwelle dazu ausgelegt ist, in einer ersten rotatorischen Position zu sein, wobei der Schließhaken dazu ausgelegt ist, in Kontakt mit der Interaktionsregion zu sein, sodass der Schließhaken nicht in einer ersten rotatorischen Richtung rotieren kann;
    wobei, in dem ersten Zustand, der Schließhaken dazu ausgelegt ist, am ersten Teil der äußeren Oberfläche mit der Interaktionsregion der Schließwelle in Kontakt zu sein;
    wobei, in einem zweiten Zustand, die Schließwelle dazu ausgelegt ist, in einer zweiten rotatorischen Position zu sein, wobei der Schließhaken dazu ausgelegt ist, in der ersten rotatorischen Richtung über die Interaktionsregion der Schließwelle hinaus zu rotieren; wobei, in dem zweiten Zustand, ein äußerer Teil des Schließhakens dazu ausgelegt ist, beim Rotieren in der ersten rotatorischen Richtung über die Interaktionsregion der Schließwelle hinaus nahe dem zweiten Teil der äußeren Oberfläche der Schließwelle vorbeizulaufen;
    wobei der Aktuator dazu ausgelegt ist, aus dem ersten Zustand in einen dritten Zustand überzugehen, wobei die Schließwelle dazu ausgelegt ist, aus der ersten rotatorischen Position in eine dritte rotatorische Position zu rotieren, wobei der Schließhaken dazu ausgelegt ist, mit der Interaktionsregion in Kontakt zu sein, sodass der Schließhaken in einer zweiten rotatorischen Richtung rotiert wurde, die der ersten rotatorischen Richtung entgegengesetzt ist;
    wobei, in dem dritten Zustand, wenn die Schließwelle dazu ausgelegt ist, in der dritten rotatorischen Position zu sein, der Schließhaken dazu ausgelegt ist, am dritten Teil der äußeren Oberfläche mit der Interaktionsregion der Schließwelle in Kontakt zu sein;
    wobei die Öffnungswelle eine Längsachse aufweist;
    wobei die Öffnungswelle eine Interaktionsregion an einem Interaktionsort entlang der Längsachse umfasst;
    wobei die Öffnungswelle ausgelegt ist zum Rotieren um die Längsachse;
    wobei ein Querschnitt der Öffnungswelle an der Interaktionsregion eine erste Dimension umfasst, die sich von der Längsachse zu einem ersten Teil der äußeren Oberfläche der Öffnungswelle bei einer ersten Winkelposition erstreckt;
    wobei der Querschnitt der Öffnungswelle an der Interaktionsregion eine zweite Dimension umfasst, die sich von der Längsachse zu einem zweiten Teil der äußeren Oberfläche der Öffnungswelle bei einer zweiten Winkelposition erstreckt;
    wobei der Querschnitt der Öffnungswelle an der Interaktionsregion eine dritte Dimension umfasst, die sich von der Längsachse zu einem dritten Teil der äußeren Oberfläche der Öffnungswelle bei einer dritten Winkelposition erstreckt;
    wobei die erste Dimension größer als die zweite Dimension ist und die dritte Dimension größer als die erste Dimension ist;
    wobei, in einem vierten Zustand, die Öffnungswelle dazu ausgelegt ist, in einer ersten rotatorischen Position zu sein, wobei der Öffnungshaken dazu ausgelegt ist, in Kontakt mit der Interaktionsregion zu sein, sodass der Öffnungshaken nicht in der zweiten rotatorischen Richtung rotieren kann;
    wobei, in dem vierten Zustand, der Öffnungshaken dazu ausgelegt ist, am ersten Teil der äußeren Oberfläche mit der Interaktionsregion der Öffnungswelle in Kontakt zu sein;
    wobei, in einem fünften Zustand, die Öffnungswelle dazu ausgelegt ist, in einer zweiten rotatorischen Position zu sein, wobei der Öffnungshaken dazu ausgelegt ist, in der zweiten rotatorischen Richtung über die Interaktionsregion der Öffnungswelle hinaus zu rotieren; wobei, in dem fünften Zustand, ein äußerer Teil des Öffnungshakens dazu ausgelegt ist, beim Rotieren in der zweiten rotatorischen Richtung über die Interaktionsregion der Öffnungswelle hinaus nahe dem zweiten Teil der äußeren Oberfläche der Öffnungswelle vorbeizulaufen;
    wobei der Aktuator dazu ausgelegt ist, aus dem vierten Zustand in einen sechsten Zustand überzugehen, wobei die Öffnungswelle dazu ausgelegt ist, aus der ersten rotatorischen Position in eine dritte rotatorische Position zu rotieren, wobei der Öffnungshaken dazu ausgelegt ist, mit der Interaktionsregion in Kontakt zu sein, sodass der Öffnungshaken in der ersten rotatorischen Richtung rotiert wurde; und
    wobei, in dem sechsten Zustand, wenn die Öffnungswelle dazu ausgelegt ist, in der dritten rotatorischen Position zu sein, der Öffnungshaken dazu ausgelegt ist, am dritten Teil der äußeren Oberfläche mit der Interaktionsregion der Öffnungswelle in Kontakt zu sein.
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