EP3693513B1 - Struktur und verfahren zur ausserbetriebnahme einer offshore-plattform - Google Patents

Struktur und verfahren zur ausserbetriebnahme einer offshore-plattform Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3693513B1
EP3693513B1 EP19305159.6A EP19305159A EP3693513B1 EP 3693513 B1 EP3693513 B1 EP 3693513B1 EP 19305159 A EP19305159 A EP 19305159A EP 3693513 B1 EP3693513 B1 EP 3693513B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
platform
jacket
jack
skid
topsides
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EP19305159.6A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3693513A1 (de
Inventor
Jean-Christophe Le Gal
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Petrodec BV
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Petrodec BV
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Priority to EP19305159.6A priority Critical patent/EP3693513B1/de
Priority to DK19305159.6T priority patent/DK3693513T3/da
Priority to PCT/EP2020/053210 priority patent/WO2020161340A1/en
Publication of EP3693513A1 publication Critical patent/EP3693513A1/de
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Publication of EP3693513B1 publication Critical patent/EP3693513B1/de
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
    • E02B17/02—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor placed by lowering the supporting construction to the bottom, e.g. with subsequent fixing thereto
    • E02B17/021—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor placed by lowering the supporting construction to the bottom, e.g. with subsequent fixing thereto with relative movement between supporting construction and platform
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
    • E02B17/02—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor placed by lowering the supporting construction to the bottom, e.g. with subsequent fixing thereto
    • E02B17/027—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor placed by lowering the supporting construction to the bottom, e.g. with subsequent fixing thereto steel structures
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
    • E02B2017/0052—Removal or dismantling of offshore structures from their offshore location

Definitions

  • the current invention relates to a structure and a method for decommissioning an offshore platform.
  • the invention can be implemented in the oil and gas extraction activities, in particular for disassembling end-of-life platforms located in offshore oil and gas fields such as in the North Sea. However, it can also be used for dismantling any offshore structure.
  • Decommissioning an oil or gas extraction platform is a complex and costly activity due to the size of the platform and its offshore location.
  • the dismantling of platform comprises different stages. The first one consists in the well plugging and abandonment. Then the platform topsides are removed after having been separated from the platform jacket. Eventually, the jacket is removed.
  • the topsides removal usually requires the mobilization of a heavy lift vessel and transportation barges. However, this operation requires favorable weather conditions and in oil fields such as those in the North Sea favorable weather windows are limited. Therefore, in order to save time, the topsides are removed in one piece which requires the involvement of heavy lift vessel with sufficient lifting capacities. There are not so many vessels with sufficiently large crane for removing in one piece the topsides of an oil platform and they are very expensive.
  • WO 2012/144952 A1 discloses a multi-functional jack up system for decommissioning an offshore platform wherein modules of the topsides of the offshore platform to be disassembled are lifted away by a crane.
  • the crane is mounted on a skidding base cooperating with two parallel crane skidding beams located on the top deck of a cantilever platform for enabling the crane to travel back and forth on the skidding base top deck.
  • the cantilever platform supporting the skidding base and the crane can be also shifted back and forth on the jack up main deck to bring the crane close to the offshore platform to be disassembled.
  • US 5 388 930 A discloses a jack up apparatus for assembling an offshore platform.
  • the platform top is transported on the platform jacket by a crane and then only a drilling package or a crane package is skidded from the jack up main deck onto capping beams located on the deck of the platform.
  • a skidbase is shifted on the platform deck and the drilling package or crane package is skidded from the jack up onto the skidbase. After shifting of the drilling package or crane package on the platform deck, the skid base remains on the fixed platform.
  • the object of the present invention is to propose a solution to the problems of decommissioning offshore platforms which is safer, less sensitive to weather conditions and cheaper than the currently used methodology and equipment.
  • the invention relates to an offshore decommissioning structure for disassembling an offshore platform presenting topsides mounted on a jacket having a plurality of jacket legs
  • said decommissioning structure comprises on the one hand a jack-up-vessel which comprises a hull, a main deck, an elevating jacking device and a plurality of jack-up legs, wherein said jack-up vessel can be elevated on its legs above the sea level by the elevating jacking device; and, on the other hand a carrying and skidding system for shifting the topsides of the platform to be disassembled from the platform jacket onto the main deck of the jack-up vessel, said carrying and skidding system comprises a skid beams set for bridging the platform jacket and the jack up vessel and wherein the skid beams set comprises: a plurality of jack-up skid beams which are fastened on the jack-up main deck; and a plurality of jacket skid beams which can be transferred from a first position where they rest on the jack-up
  • the invention concept lies in the utilization of a jack-up which is converted from its usual drilling activities to platform decommissioning.
  • a jack-up vessel can be lifted on its legs sufficiently high above the sea level for enabling most of the preparation works to be performed in unrestricted weather conditions.
  • This arrangement generates a skidding plan over which the topsides can be skidded for being transferred from the jacket to the jack-up main deck.
  • the skid beams set may comprise a plurality of link beams, each of said link beams being attached by a hinged end to an aft end of a jack-up skid beam, wherein said link beams can be lowered for connecting said jack-up skid beam to a corresponding jacket skid beam, when it is in the second position, and raised for disconnecting them.
  • the hinged link beams make it possible to connect or disconnect as appropriate the jack-up vessel to the platform, enabling disconnection of the two structures in case of weather deterioration.
  • the skid beams set comprises at least two parallel skid beams subset each comprising a pair of jack-up skid beams aligned with a corresponding pair of jacket skid beams, each one being adapted to be positioned on opposite sides of at least two jacket legs when they are in said second position.
  • This skid beams arrangement allows a balanced load transfer on the platform legs.
  • the offshore decommissioning structure comprises further skid beam support assemblies which can be attached on the jacket legs for supporting the jacket skid beams when in said second position.
  • each skid beam support assembly comprises: a support ring which can be welded on a jacket leg, and a skid beam support clamp which can be mounted on the jacket leg above the support ring and which presents lateral skid beam brackets for supporting the jacket skid beams on both side of the jacket leg.
  • This arrangement optimizes the load transfer from the jacket skid beams to the jacket legs via the welded support rings.
  • the offshore decommissioning structure comprises skid assemblies for shifting the platform topsides from the jacket to the jack-up main deck, said skid assemblies being able to move on the skid beams top surface when the jacket skid beams are in said second position.
  • the skid assemblies comprise skid shoes positioned on the top surface of the skid beams; vertical jacks mounted on the skid shoes for lifting the platform topsides; and horizontal jack assemblies for shifting the platform topsides to and off the jack-up main deck.
  • the horizontal jack assemblies are push-pull units which can move back and forth the platform topsides on skid tracks formed on the top surface of the skid beams, and the jacket skid beams on the jack-up skid beams for moving between said first and second positions.
  • Push-pull units can be found easily by different vendors and are completely autonomous.
  • the vertical jacks and the horizontal jack assemblies are hydraulic jacks and are actuated by a hydraulic pump controlled by a control unit .
  • the offshore decommissioning structure comprises further: at least a supporting crane for lifting loads between the jack-up vessel and the platform topsides, and/or at least a mobile working platform for reaching working areas in particular below the platform topsides. This equipment enhances the safety and facilitates the preparation works on the platform.
  • the jack-up vessel further comprises: at least a gangway/bridge for enabling access from the jack-up vessel to the platform; and/or walkways attached on at least one side of each jacket skid beam for reaching all areas along the jacket skid beams.
  • a preparation stage may be performed on the platform before the step of cutting the platform jacket legs, the preparation stage comprising the following steps: perform the plug and abandonment campaign if not already done before; remove a communication tower of the platform if not already done during the plug and abandonment campaign; remove a vent boom of the platform; remove at least a part of a helideck; remove all elements of the platform bottom part which clash with the skid beams; and cut all secondary parts between platform jacket and topsides for providing a passage for the jacket skid beams and the topsides shifting.
  • skid beams support assemblies are installed before the step of pushing jacket skid beams toward the jacket platform legs, the installation of the skid beam support assemblies comprising the following steps: weld the support rings on the platform jacket legs; bolt together half tubular parts of the skid beam support clamps around the platform jacket legs above the support rings; and put grout between the skid beam support clamps and the platform jacket legs for compensating the diameters difference if necessary.
  • the following steps are performed before the step of pushing the jacket skid beams toward the platform: lower the jack-up vessel to a level below a platform shifting elevation; verify the skid beams position relative to the platform legs and reposition as appropriate; and install support and stiffening structures on the lower of the platform topsides as required for lifting the topsides.
  • the following steps are performed before the step of cutting the platform jacket legs: position the link beams to connect the jack-up skid beams to their respective jacket skid beams; move the skid assemblies under the platform topsides supporting points; connect to a pump and test hydraulic jacks for lifting and shifting the topsides; and extend the vertical jacks for preloading the topsides fastening to the jacket legs.
  • the following steps are performed before the step of pushing the platform topsides to the jack-up vessel: lift the platform topsides with the vertical jacks for checking the weight of the topside with an integrated weighting system; if topsides weight is within an acceptable threshold, then continue to lift the topsides until the defined clearance with the jacket is reached; if topsides weight is above the acceptable threshold check, then the platform topsides are lowered back and secured.
  • the following steps are performed when the platform topsides have reached their final position on the jack-up main deck: lower topsides on transport support points on the jack-up main deck; open skid beam connections at link beams; fasten topsides on jack-up vessel main deck; pull back the jacket skid beams on the jack-up main deck; lower the jack-up vessel on the sea; and tow the jack-up vessel with the topsides on jack-up main deck to the offloading location.
  • the following steps may be performed before critical stages of the method: check weather forecast; if weather is deteriorating disconnect the jack-up vessel from the platform and lift up the jack-up vessel to safe elevation, or if weather forecast is favorable, then perform the planned critical stage.
  • the invention concept is based on the utilization of a converted drilling jack-up (JU).
  • JU converted drilling jack-up
  • the example chosen for describing the invention is the JU Energy Endeavour which is a drilling platform comprising a JU vessel 1.
  • the jack-up vessel 1 has a hull 2 which can float on the sea so that the JU vessel 1 can be towed to the drilling area on an oil or gas filed located. It further comprises three legs 3 which can be jacked down to the sea bed for lifting the hull 2 above sea level 8. Similarly, the legs 3 can be jacked up for lowering the hull 2 as appropriate.
  • JU Energy Endeavour operates on the North Sea.
  • the three legs 3 are lowered to the sea bed 4 (see figure 2b ) by an elevating jacking device for lifting the JU vessel 1 above the sea level 8 at the desired working level or at survival level in case of storm when the work to be performed is below the height of the waves plus a safety margin.
  • the JU vessel 1 comprises further spuds at the lower end of the legs 3 and ballast tanks which are filled with a determined amount of water in order to preload the JU vessel 1 on the sea bed 4 and stabilize the jack-up vessel on the sea bed or in floating condition.
  • This JU vessel 1 has been converted for offshore structure removal, in particular, but not exclusively, for topsides removal operations in the North Sea. However, it must be understood that other type of JU vessel can be used and that the decommissioning operations according to the invention can be performed in offshore oil or gas fields in all seas and oceans.
  • the intended main tasks of the converted JU vessel 1 are the plugging and abandonment, the preparation works on platforms and in particular the removal and transportation of the topsides 12.
  • the drilling equipment such as drilling tower and support cantilevers are removed and a grid of load distribution beams 35 are installed on the JU main deck 5 for receiving the platform topsides 12 once removed from the platform jacket 10.
  • the JU vessel 1 is equipped with a new crane 6 located at the JU stern 7 for assistance works.
  • the JU vessel 1 is for example 68 m long and 70 m wide. It weights 11.603 tones.
  • the supporting crane 6 at the stern 7 of the JU 1 is mainly used for preparing the topsides before their removal.
  • the crane 6 used as example for describing the invention is a 300mt PMC-6200-300 from Huisman.
  • the crane 6 can lift a maximum load of 300 tones with a 12,6 m outreach.
  • the maximum working radius for the hoist is 48 m with a maximum load of 50 tones.
  • the wind speed that the jack-up vessel can stand is an important design parameter, for example a 20 m/s wind speed during operation at JU main deck level, 36,7 m/s in survival conditions and 30 m/s during transport.
  • a platform 9 to be decommissioned for example PKA
  • the PKA platform operates in the Southern North Sea.
  • the platform 9 comprises a jacket 10 with four legs 11 anchored in the sea bed 4.
  • the jacket 10 supports the topsides 12 which are fastened at the top end of the jacket legs 11 at sufficient elevation above the sea level 8.
  • the upper part of the topsides 12 consists in a main deck 13 located at 30,5 m above the sea bed and the lower part consists mainly in a cellar deck 14.
  • the water depth at PKA location is between 20,3 m (lowest astronomic tide) and 25,54 m (highest astronomic tide) with storm surge it can go from 22,13 m (LAT) to 27,37 m (HAT).
  • the jack-up vessel 1 is positioned beside the platform 9 with the stern 7 pointing to the platform.
  • the jack-up vessel 1 is used for preparing the platform topsides 12 for its removal from the jacket 10 and the topsides towing to its offloading place on the shore or on a barge where it will be dismantled.
  • the distance between the jack-up vessel hull 2 and the platform topsides 12 should be comprised for example between 0,75 m and 2,25 m, e.g. 2,15 m.
  • the removal sequence is mainly the same for removing any kind of platforms besides PKA such as Pickerill B (PKB) for example.
  • PKA Pickerill B
  • the main difference between the removal of different platforms lays mostly in the preparation works which need to be adapted to the features of the platform to be decommissioned.
  • a set of skid beams 18 and 19 are installed on to the JU main deck 5.
  • the skid beams set consists of two parallelly positioned subsets of skid beams 18 and 19. Each subset comprises two parallel adjusted skid beams 18 and 19.
  • the skid beams are split into JU skid beams 18, which are located on the JU main deck 5 via the load distribution beams, and jacket skid beams 19 which are moved from a first position on the JU skid beams 18 on the JU main deck 5, as shown in figures 3a and 8a , to a second position outside of the JU main deck 5 onto the existing jacket legs 11, as shown in figures 8c and 9 .
  • each JU skid beam 18 is connected to its respective jacket skid beam 19 by a link beam 21 which is connected by a hinged end 22 with pin connection to the JU skid beam 18 at the JU aft edge 23.
  • the jacket skid beams 19 are in the first position on the top of the JU skid beams 18 on the JU main deck 5, as shown in figure 8a . Then the jacket skid beams 19 are pushed toward their second position on the jacket 10 by skidding on the JU skid beams 18 as shown in figure 8b .
  • each of the support assemblies 20 comprise a support ring 24 welded on the jacket leg 11 and a support clamp 25 consisting of two half tubular parts 26 bolted together around the leg 11. Grout can be put between the support clamp 25 and the jacket leg 11 if the jacket legs outer diameter is smaller than the inner diameter of the support clamp 25.
  • the half tubular parts 26 present sidewise support brackets 27 on which the jacket skid beams 19 of a sub set of skid beams will rest on each side of the jacket leg 11.
  • the JU skid beams 18, the link beams 21 and the jacket skid beams are welded box profile.
  • the dimensions of the jacket skid beams in mm can be: height 1500, width 500 x vertical walls thickness 40 and horizontal walls thickness 70
  • the dimensions of the jack-up skid beams and link beams profile can be: height 900, width 500, vertical walls thickness 40 and horizontal walls thickness 70.
  • the skid beams 18 and 19 are planned to be fabricated as welded boxed girder made from material with yield strength of 355 MPa. Local parts of the skid beams are designed with yield strength of 460 MPa.
  • the jacket skid beams 19 are planned to be arranged sidewise of the legs 11, as shown in figure 9 , with an eccentricity of 1000 mm to the leg axis. Therefore, as shown in figure 4 , it is planned to weld the support ring 24 onto each jacket leg 11 and the support clamp 25 with sidewise support brackets 27 will be mounted onto the legs.
  • the bracket clamp 27 transfers the vertical loads via the support ring 24 underneath into the legs 11.
  • each link beam 21 connects together a JU skid beam 18 with its respective jacket skid beam 19 in order to form a continuous skidding track extending from the extremity of the platform jacket 10 to the end of the topsides storage area on the JU main deck 5, as shown in figure 9 .
  • the link beam 21 is lowered to a connected position for connecting the JU skid beam 18 to its respective jacket skid beam 19, and it can be raised to a disconnected position shown in figure 5a where the skid beams 18 and 19 are disconnected.
  • the jacket skid beams 19 and the JU skid beams 18 are only connected temporarily by the link beams 21, mainly when the topsides 12 are skidded from the platform jacket 10 to the topsides storage area on the JU main deck 5.
  • topsides preparation After topsides preparation is completed, the four legs 11 of the platform 9 are cut below the cellar deck 14, and the topsides 12 is lifted by means of sixteen skid beams assemblies 28 positioned on the jacket skid beams 19 (see figure 7 ). Further on, the topsides 12 are moved on the skidding track formed by the top surface of the jacket skid beams 19, over the link beam 21 and then on the JU skid beams 18 toward the JU main deck 5. When the topsides 12 have reached their final position, they are lowered on dedicated transport supports on the storage area on the JU main deck 5 and are fastened for being towed.
  • the JU jacking system lower the JU vessel 1 at sea level with the topsides 12 fastened on the JU main deck 5 and it can be, for example, towed to the shore at the offloading location where the topsides will be dismantled.
  • skid assemblies 28 shown in figures 6 and 7 .
  • the skid assemblies 28 are interposed between the bottom parts of the topsides 12 and the top surface of the jacket skid beams 19.
  • the skid beam assemblies 28 ensure the lifting and lowering of the topsides 12 as well as the pushing and pulling movement of the topsides 12 on the skid beams 18 and 19.
  • the skid assemblies 28 are suitable to move the topsides 12 from the jacket 10 onto the jack-up main deck 5, and then to offload the topsides 12 to a quay side or a barge.
  • the total topsides weight to be skidded is 1.600 tones including the weight contingency.
  • the skid assemblies 28 are able to deal with at least 1.800 tones topsides weight in order to provide a 200 tones safety margin.
  • the skid assemblies 28 comprise skid shoes 29 which glide on the skidding tracks constituted by the skid beams top surface.
  • a sliding interface may be provided on the skid beams top surface for lowering the friction during the skidding stages.
  • the loads in the skid shoes should be actively controlled by vertical jacks 30 with a lifting stroke of at least 150 mm.
  • These jacks 30 can be hydraulic or of other type, e.g. electrical jack.
  • Push-pull units 31 comprising horizontal hydraulic jacks control the topsides movements on the skid tracks provided on the top of the skid beams 18 and 19.
  • the horizontal jack of the push-pull units 31 are hydraulic in this example but other type of jacks can be used such as electrical jacks.
  • a control system is required to operate and control the vertical hydraulic jacks 30 and the horizontal hydraulic jacks of the push-pull units 31 remotely from a central control console.
  • the topsides skidding distance from the platform jacket 12 to the final position on the storage area of the JU main deck 5 is about 30 to 40 m.
  • the topsides traveling speed of the skid assemblies is at least 20m/h. This results in a required time window of less than 2 hours for the topsides skidding operation itself.
  • the skid beams arrangement creates two skid tracks on each side of the jacket leg 11 to avoid eccentric loading of the legs 11 during the topsides skidding.
  • a total of sixteen skid assemblies 28 are arranged underneath the topsides 12.
  • the vertical jacks 30 are grouped in order to apply the same hydraulic pressure to the jacks within the same group.
  • the vertical jacks grouping is defined for optimizing the required jacking forces considering the center of gravity location.
  • the skid assemblies 28 should comply with different technical requirements for obvious safety reasons.
  • the skidding should be possible in the two directions on the one hand for pushing the jacket skid beams 19 to the platform jacket legs 11 and to pull them back on the jack-up main deck once the topsides skidding is completed, and for skidding the topsides 12 from the jacket 10 to the JU main deck 5 and for offloading the topsides 12 from the jack-up main desk 5.
  • the push-pull units 31 must generate a sufficient pulling and pushing force.
  • the vertical hydraulic jacks 30 must provide sufficient lifting force for lifting the topsides 12 and weighting of the topsides should be possible during lifting.
  • skid assemblies 28 should make it possible to stop and resume the topsides skidding at every stage of the skidding sequence and at any position.
  • a robust and adaptive design of the skid assemblies 28 is of high importance as the structure of the invention is supposed to be reusable for decommissioning other platforms than PKA and PKB. Robustness is particularly important because the structure will operate offshore. For this reason, the skid assemblies 28 must be easy to handle in an offshore context and provide sufficient system redundancy in case of failure of components (such as pumps, valves, hoses, hydraulic cylinders, control unit). Moreover, the equipment must be exchangeable in offshore conditions.
  • the maximum jacking force per skid shoe is 138 tones considering a topsides weight of 1,800 tones.
  • Vertical hydraulic jacks with at least 150 tones capacity and 150 mm stroke are considered for jacking the topsides 12 after that the jacket legs 11 are cut.
  • the topsides 12 is supported by activated vertical jacks 30 which are pressure/force controlled. Thereby, the load in the vertical jacks 30 is monitored and controlled during skidding. This avoids overloading of skid assemblies 28, jack-up vessel 1 and topsides 12.
  • deflections and installation tolerances are compensated by the stroke of the vertical jacks 30.
  • the hydraulic vertical jacks 30 are capable to withstand 5% of their vertical capacity as horizontal load.
  • the vertical jacking system is able to determine the topsides weight and center of gravity with an accuracy of 5% for enabling the structure to be usable for other platforms than PKA and PKB.
  • Push-pull units 31 are used for skidding the topsides 12 because the push-pull-units are able to move the topsides 12 back and forth without additional preparation. This is beneficial for offloading operation and can also be considered as a safe return option during topsides removal offshore.
  • the push-pull units 31 are combined with horizontal guiding system. However, alternatives to push-pull units such as horizontal hoist could be considered for moving the jacket skid beams and/or the topsides 12.
  • the push-pull unit capacity is about 300 kN, which is sufficient to overcome the friction loads of maximum vertical capacity, a slope of 1/100 and wind loads.
  • the topsides traveling speed during the skidding operation is about 24 m/h and the topsides skidding distance is about 40 m which results in the topsides skidding being performed within 2 hours.
  • Another advantage of using push-pull-units 31 for skidding the topsides 12 is that they can also be used for installing the jacket skid beam 19 on the jacket legs 11 and for bringing the skid assemblies in position underneath the topsides.
  • topsides 12 In addition to skidding longitudinally the topsides from the jacket 10 to the jack-up main desk 5, it may also be useful to move the topsides 12 transversally after that it has been skidded on the JU main deck 5, e.g. for balancing the load on the jack-up vessel.
  • Different equipment may be needed for completing the offshore decommissioning structure, such as lifting devices, mobile working platforms and walkways for provide a safe working area and supporting the preparation work on the topsides, the removal and the tow preparation.
  • a bridge or a gangway is required to provide access form the jack-up vessel 1 to the platform 12 and also to guide service lines (e.g. electrical power).
  • service lines e.g. electrical power
  • a mobile working platform is foreseen which is connected to the stern of the jack-up vessel and which can reach the different working areas. With this mobile platform, rope access works can be avoided, and scaffolding reduced which also enhances safety.
  • a walkway will be attached to the side of each jacket skid beam 19 opposite to the platform leg 11. From these walkways all areas along the jacket skid beams 19 and below the topsides 12 can be reached safely and conveniently.
  • a method for disassembling an offshore platform using the offshore decommissioning structure described above is explained in the following, in particular the removal of the platform topsides 12 from the platform jacket 10 to the main deck 5 of the jack-up vessel 1.
  • This topsides removal sequence can be split in several stages: the jack-up vessel positioning, the platform preparation, the installation of support assemblies for the jacket skid beams, the installation of the jacket skid beams, the installation of topsides supports, the installation of the skid assemblies, topsides lifting and skidding on the jack-up main deck 5, and jack-up vessel lowering and towing.
  • the jack-up vessel 1 is positioned north of the platform 9 using, for example, the same position as planned during the plugging and abandonment activities. Distance range between the stern of the jack-up vessel and platform has been given above.
  • the jacket skid beams 19, the skid assemblies 28 and all other elements of the decommissioning structure, such as the support assemblies 20, are located on the jack-up main deck 5.
  • the jack-up legs 3 are lowered to the sea bed 4 and the jack-up hull 2 is lifted above the sea level 8. Preloading is performed considering maximum loads resulting from survival conditions including the removed topsides12 on jack-up main deck 5. After preloading, the jack-up vessel 1 is lifted to a higher elevation used for the preparation activities. If the jack-up vessel has been previously located beside the platform, spud cans 32 shall be positioned into the existing depressions formed during the first jack-up vessel positioning. The ballast tanks are filled for preloading the jack-up legs 3 and then the jack-up hull 2 is lifted at the required elevation for performing the preparation works of the platform and the plugging and abandonment activities if still required.
  • the jack-up vessel 1 is in position and before removing the topsides 12, several activities need to be performed. This includes removing a part of the helideck 15 and the vent boom 17, which both would clash with parts of the jack-up vessel during the skidding. These elements can be cut and lifted off with the jack-up crane 6 to the JU main deck 5 and afterwards cut in smaller pieces.
  • the communication mast 16 is removed if not already done during plugging and abandonment campaign.
  • secondary platform elements located between the jacket 10 and the topsides 12 like risers, ladders are also removed, if not already done, because they can clash with the skid beams 18 and 19.
  • skid beam support assemblies 20 are fastened to the jacket legs 11.
  • the support ring 24 is welded to the jacket legs 11 to provide a vertical support.
  • a support clamp is mounted around the legs 11 by bolts.
  • the support assembly parts are lowered from the cellar deck 14 and temporary secured by lifting devices before being finally welded and bolted to the legs 11. Access to the area for performing these activities is provided by the mobile work platform.
  • the support clamp inner diameter is 1.25 m in order to fit jacket leg of other platforms as well.
  • the gap between the clamp and the PKA jacket legs (outer diameter 0.9 m) will be filled with grout or similar material.
  • the JU skid beams 18 are positioned on the JU main deck 5 for being aligned with the jacket legs and then fixed with brackets. Afterwards, the jacket skid beams 19 are positioned on the top of the JU skid beams 18 and fixed by lateral guiding. After the JU vessel 1 has been lowered, the jacket skid beams 19 are pushed towards the jacket 10 by hydraulic jacking units, such as push-pull units 31. The jacket skid beams 19 are secured against uplifting before the second support assembly 20 on the jacket 10 is reached.
  • the support assemblies 20 on the jacket legs 11 will also have some lateral guides to prevent the jacket skid beams 19 from capsizing/falling of the supports.
  • the link beams 21 are installed at the aft edge 23 of the JU skid beams 18.
  • the link beams 21 can be closed and opened depending on the planned operation and required airgap between the sea level 8 and JU hull 2.
  • the vertical hydraulic jacks 30 which mounted on the skid assemblies 28, will be used after their positioning on the jacket skid beams 19 below the topsides 12.
  • primary beams 33 on the topsides 12 are used as supports wherever possible (see figure 6 ). They can be reinforced with local stiffeners if necessary. In areas were only secondary beams are available on the topsides 12, there is a need to add a more robust section.
  • Topsides supports 34 are also fastened to the topsides structure where the vertical jacks cylinders will exert their lifting force. All the reinforcements and added supports will be welded to the existing structure and can be installed from the walkway below, which is connected to the jacket skid beam as indicated above.
  • the skidding of the topsides 12 is done by the skid shoes 29 of the skid assemblies 28 which are moving on the skidding track formed by the skid beams top surface (see figures 6 and 7 ).
  • the skid assemblies 28 include the vertically oriented hydraulic jacks 30 which can lift the topsides 12 and horizontal hydraulic jacks included in push-pull units 31 for moving horizontally the topsides 12.
  • the skid shoes 29 which are part of the decommissioning structure are preinstalled on the skid beams pre-positioned on the JU vessel 1. During the operation, they can move from the JU main deck 5 to the platform for being positioned underneath the topsides 12 by their own horizontal jacks.
  • the skid assemblies 28 are accessible from the walkway (not illustrated) connected to the jacket skid beams 19.
  • the skid assemblies are installed and tested and the vertical jacks cylinders are extracted until they come in contact with the topsides supports 34.
  • the weather is checked and if it is favorable, then the JU vessel 1 is lowered from the jacked skid beams installation level (see figure 8c ) to the skidding elevation where the top surfaces of the jacket skid beams 19 is at the same level as the JU skid beams 18 (see figure 6 and 9 ).
  • the link beams 21 are installed on the JU skid beams 18, as shown in figure 5a , and lowered to connect the JU skid beams 18 with the jacket skid beams 19 as shown in figure 5b .
  • connection can be opened by lifting the link beam 21 and the Jack-up vessel may be lifted to safe elevation.
  • the skid assemblies 28 are moved under the topsides supporting points 34.
  • the weather forecast is checked and if weather is deteriorating, the link beams are lifted for disconnecting the skid beams 18 and 19 and the JU vessel 1 is lifted to safe elevation. If weather forecast is favorable, then the operation can proceed further with the topsides removal.
  • the removal of the topsides 12 will start with the cutting of the platform legs 11 below the cellar deck 14. Cutting may be done by flame cutting, water jet cutting or diamond wire.
  • the vertical jacks 30 will be regulated to keep the vertical level of the topsides 12 constant during the cutting step and to exert a preload on the jacket legs 11. After that the four legs 11 have been cut, the weight of the topsides 12 can be estimated by reading the pressure in the hydraulic system of the vertical jacks 30.
  • topsides weight is considered too high for the removal, then the topsides 12 will be lowered back on the jacket legs 11. In this event, a temporary fixation is added to secure the topsides 12 until weight shedding has been performed.
  • a survey with regards to topsides weights will be performed during the preparation and the plugging and abandonment phase to verify the weight report.
  • all skidding equipment and strength checks are based on a topsides weight estimation of 1,800 tones while the expected weights of the topsides is, for example,1536 tones for PKA and 1398 tones for PKB including weight factors, an overweight occurrence for the topsides is unlikely. Therefore, it is not expected that weight shedding is required.
  • the topsides 12 will be further lifted by 75 mm to provide sufficient clearance underneath the topsides 12. Subsequently, the topsides skidding is performed moving the skid assemblies along the skid beams 19, 21 and 18 until it reaches the final position on the JU main deck 5. Finally, the topsides 12 is lowered on transport supports on the JU main deck 5.
  • the topsides When the topsides have been put down on the JU main deck 5, it will be finally secured for the tow by sea-fastening.
  • the jacket skid beams 19 which are still located on the jacket 10 are removed, for example by lifting them with the JU crane 6 to the JU main deck 5.
  • the JU vessel 1 After confirmation of adequate weather forecast, the JU vessel 1 will then be ballasted to equalize heel/trim and lowered to sea. Then a tow line is connected to tugs and jack-up legs 3 are lifted. Eventually, the Jack-up vessel 1 with topsides 12 on main deck 5 is towed to the offloading location.
  • the topsides 12 After removal of the topsides 12 from the jacket 10 and transport on the jack-up main deck 5, eventually, the topsides 12 must be offloaded from the jack-up vessel 1. Different options are possible and four examples are listed below.
  • the first option consists in offloading the topsides 12 onto a quay with the jack-up vessel elevated at quay level skidding the topsides directly on the quay.
  • the second option is to offload the topsides on a barge with the jack-up floating.
  • the third option consists in lifting the topsides 12 from the jack-up vessel 1 with a floating crane and then to lower it on a quay.
  • the fourth option consists in cutting the topsides in small piece while being on the jack-up main deck 5 and then removing the small pieces with the jack-up crane 6 or any other mobile crane directly on a quay or on a barge.
  • the first offloading option is the preferred one, as it does not require an additional barge or vessel and the dismantling of the topsides on land is the easiest way.
  • the jack-up is elevated beside a quay at quay level.
  • the jacket skid beams are installed on the quay and are connected to the jack-up skid beams by the link beams.
  • the topsides is skidded on the quay as a reverse operation to the offshore removal from the platform jacket.
  • topsides can be dismounted on the quay.
  • Jacket skid beams can be moved back on the jack-up main deck as soon as the topsides is lowered to support points on the quay.
  • the jack-up vessel is floating in a sheltered area (e.g. a harbor).
  • a floating heavy lift crane approaches the jack-up vessel from the stern and lifts the topsides. Afterwards, the floating crane is moved to the quay and lowers the topsides on the quay for final dismounting.
  • the constraints of this option lie in finding a large floating crane with sufficient lifting capacity, outreach and hook height.
  • the advantages of the third option are a relatively short duration until topsides is on land which means that the JU can be used quickly for next job.
  • the disadvantages are in the hiring costs for the crane vessel and finding appropriate quay side.
  • the fourth option consists in removing the topsides in small pieces with the jack-up crane.
  • the advantages of this solution are that no additional equipment is required, and it does not involve any critical operation.
  • the main drawback is that this option is very much time consuming and the jack-up vessel cannot be used for the next job until dismantling of the topsides.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)

Claims (17)

  1. Offshore-Stilllegungsaufbau zur Demontage einer Offshore-Plattform (9), die Topsides (12) aufweist, die auf einer Unterstruktur (10) montiert sind, die eine Vielzahl von Unterstrukturbeinen (11) aufweisen, wobei der Stilllegungsaufbau umfasst:
    • ein Hub-Schiff (1) mit einem Rumpf (2), einem Hauptdeck (5), einer Anhebe-Hubvorrichtung und einer Vielzahl von Hub-Beinen (3), wobei das Hub-Schiff (1) auf seinen Beinen (11) über den Meeresspiegel (8) durch die anhebende Hubvorrichtung angehoben werden kann; und
    • ein Trage- und Gleitsystem zum Verschieben der Topsides (12) der Plattform, die von der Plattform-Unterstruktur (10) demontiert werden sollen, auf das Hauptdeck (5) des Hub-Schiffes (1), wobei das Trage- und Gleitsystem einen Gleitträgersatz zur Überbrückung der Plattform-Unterstruktur (10) und des Hubschiffs (1) umfasst,
    wobei der Gleitträgersatz umfasst:
    • eine Vielzahl von Hub-Gleitträgern (18), die auf dem Hub-Hauptdeck (5) befestigt sind; und
    • eine Vielzahl von Gleitträgern (19) der Unterstruktur, die von einer ersten Position, wo sie auf dem Hub-Hauptdeck (5) aufliegen, in eine zweite Position außerhalb des Hub-Hauptdecks überführt werden können, wo sie an den Unterstrukturbeinen (11) der Plattform (9) befestigt werden können.
  2. Offshore-Stilllegungsaufbau nach Anspruch 1, wobei der Gleitträgersatz ferner eine Vielzahl von Verbindungsträgern (21) umfasst, wobei jeder der Verbindungsträger (21) durch ein angelenktes Ende (22) an einem hinteren Ende (23) eines Hubgleitträgers (18) befestigt ist, wobei die Verbindungsträger (21) zum Verbinden des Hubgleitträgers (18) mit einem entsprechenden Unterstrukturgleitträger (19), wenn er sich in der zweiten Position befindet, abgesenkt und zum Trennen derselben angehoben werden können.
  3. Offshore-Stilllegungsaufbau nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2,
    wobei der Gleitträgersatz mindestens zwei parallele Gleitträger-Untersätze umfasst, von denen jeder ein Paar von Hubgleitträgern (18) umfasst, die mit einem entsprechenden Paar von Gleitträgern (19) der Unterstruktur ausgerichtet sind, wobei jeder angepasst ist, um auf gegenüberliegenden Seiten von mindestens zwei Unterstrukturbeinen (11) positioniert zu werden, wenn sie sich in der zweiten Position befinden.
  4. Offshore-Stilllegungsaufbau nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, umfassend weitere Gleitträger-Stützanordnungen (20), die an den Unterstrukturbeinen (11) befestigt werden können, um die Gleitträger (19) der Unterstruktur abzustützen, wenn sie in der zweiten Position sind.
  5. Offshore-Stilllegungsaufbau nach Anspruch 4, wobei jede Gleitträger-Stützanordnung (20) umfasst:
    • einen Stützring (24), der auf ein Unterstrukturbein (11) aufschweißbar ist, und
    • ein Gleitträgerstützklemme (25), die an dem Unterstrukturbein (11) oberhalb des Stützrings (24) montiert werden kann und seitliche Gleitträgerstützhalterungen (27) zur Abstützung der Gleitträger (19) der Unterstruktur auf beiden Seiten des Unterstrukturbeins (11) aufweist.
  6. Offshore-Stilllegungsaufbau nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, ferner umfassend Gleitanordnungen (28) zum Verschieben der Topsides (12) der Plattform von der Unterstruktur (10) zum Hub-Hauptdeck (5), wobei die Gleitanordnungen (28) in der Lage sind, sich auf der oberen Oberfläche der Gleitträger zu bewegen, wenn sich die Gleitträger (19) der Unterstruktur in der zweiten Position befinden; wobei die Gleitanordnungen (28) umfassen:
    • Gleitschuhe (29), die auf der oberen Fläche der Gleitträger positioniert sind;
    • vertikale Heber (30), die an den Gleitschuhen (29) zum Anheben der Topsides (12) der Plattform montiert sind; und
    • horizontale Heberanordnungen (31) zum Verschieben der Topsides (12) der Plattform zu und weg von dem Hub-Hauptdeck (5).
  7. Offshore-Stilllegungsaufbau nach Anspruch 6, wobei die horizontalen Heberanordnungen Schub-Zug-Einheiten (31) sind, die die Topsides (12) der Plattform auf auf der oberen Fläche der Gleitträger ausgebildeten Gleitbahnen und die Gleitträger (19) der Unterstruktur auf den Hub-Gleitträgern (18) zum Bewegen zwischen der ersten und der zweiten Position vor- und zurückbewegen können.
  8. Offshore-Stilllegungsaufbau nach einem der Ansprüche 6 oder 9, wobei die vertikalen Heber (30) und/oder die horizontalen Heberanordnungen (31) hydraulische Heber sind und durch eine von einer Steuereinheit gesteuerte Hydraulikpumpe betätigt werden.
  9. Offshore-Stilllegungsaufbau nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei das Hubschiff (1) ferner umfasst:
    • mindestens einen Tragkran (6) zum Heben von Lasten zwischen dem Hubschiff (1) und den Topsides (12) der Plattform, und/oder
    • mindestens eine mobile Arbeitsplattform zum Erreichen von Arbeitsbereichen insbesondere unterhalb der Topsides (12) der Plattform.
  10. Offshore-Stilllegungsaufbau nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei das Hubschiff (1) ferner umfasst:
    • mindestens eine Gangway/Brücke, um den Zugang vom Hubschiff (1) zur Plattform (12) zu ermöglichen; und/oder
    • Laufstege, die an mindestens einer Seite jedes Unterstrukturgleitträgers (19) angebracht sind, um alle Bereiche entlang der Gleitträger (19) der Unterstruktur zu erreichen.
  11. Verfahren zur Demontage einer Offshore-Plattform unter Verwendung des Offshore-Stilllegungsaufbaus zur Demontage einer Offshore-Plattform (9), die Topsides (12) aufweist, die an einer Unterstruktur (10) angebracht sind, die eine Vielzahl von Unterstrukturbeinen (11) aufweist, nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, wobei das Verfahren die folgenden Schritte umfasst:
    • Positionieren des Hubschiffs (1) nahe der Plattform (12) mit dem Heck (7) zur Plattform (12) ausgerichtet;
    • Anheben des Hubschiffs (1) auf Arbeitshöhe;
    • Positionieren der Gleitträger (18, 19) auf dem Hub-Hauptdeck (5) relativ zu den Plattformbeinen (11);
    • Drücken der Gleitträger (19) der Unterstruktur in der zweiten Position zu den Plattform-Unterstrukturbeinen (11);
    • Schneiden der Unterstrukturbeine (11) der Plattform unterhalb eines unteren Teils der Topsides (12) der Plattform; und
    • Verschieben der Topsides (12) der Plattform auf den Gleitträgern (18, 19) auf das Hub-Hauptdeck (5).
  12. Verfahren zur Demontage einer Offshore-Plattform nach Anspruch 11, wobei eine Vorbereitungsstufe auf der Plattform vor dem Schritt zum Schneiden der Unterstrukturbeine (11) der Plattform durchgeführt wird, wobei die Vorbereitungsstufe die folgenden Schritte umfasst:
    • Ausführen der Verfüllungs- und Außerbetriebsetzungsaktion, falls nicht zuvor bereits durchgeführt;
    • Entfernen eines Kommunikationsturms (16) von der Plattform (9), falls dies nicht zuvor während der Verfüllungs- und Außerbetriebsetzungsaktion bereits durchgeführt ist;
    • Entfernen eines Entlüftungsauslegers (17) der Plattform (9);
    • zumindest teilweises Entfernen eines Hubschrauberlandeplatzes (15);
    • Entfernen aller Elemente des Plattformunterteils, die mit den Gleitträgern (18, 19) kollidieren; und
    • Schneiden aller sekundären Teile zwischen Plattform-Unterstruktur (10) und Topsides (12), um einen Durchgang für die Gleitträger (19) der Unterstruktur und die Verschiebung der Topsides zu schaffen.
  13. Verfahren zur Demontage einer Offshore-Plattform nach einem der Ansprüche 11 oder 12, bei dem Gleitträger-Stützanordnungen (20) vor dem Schritt zum Drücken der Gleitträger (19) der Unterstruktur in Richtung der Unterstrukturbeine (11) der Plattform installiert werden, wobei die Installation der Gleitträger-Stützanordnungen (20) die folgenden Schritte umfasst:
    • Verschweißen von Stützringe (24) an den Unterstrukturbeinen (11) der Plattform;
    • Verschrauben der halb rohrförmigen Teile (26) der Gleitträger-Stützklemmen (25) um die Unterstrukturbeine (11) der Plattform oberhalb der Stützringe (24); und
    • Einbringen von Vergussmasse zwischen Gleitträger-Stützklemmen (25) und Unterstrukturbeinen (11) der Plattform zum Ausgleich der Durchmesserdifferenz, falls notwendig.
  14. Verfahren zur Demontage einer Offshore-Plattform (9) nach einem der Ansprüche 11 bis 13, wobei die folgenden Schritte vor dem Schritt zum Drücken der Gleitträger (19) der Unterstruktur in Richtung der Plattform (9) durchgeführt werden:
    • Absenken des Hubschiffs (1) auf ein Niveau unterhalb einer Plattformverschiebungshöhe;
    • Verifizieren der Position der Gleitträger relativ zu den Plattformbeinen (11) und gegebenenfalls neues Positionieren; und
    • Installieren von Stütz- und Aussteifungsstrukturen (34) an der Unterseite der Topsides (12) der Plattform nach Bedarf zum Anheben der Topsides (12) anbringen.
  15. Verfahren zur Demontage einer Offshore-Plattform (9) nach einem der Ansprüche 11 bis 14, wobei die folgenden Schritte vor dem Schritt zum Schneiden der Unterstrukturbeine (11) der Plattform ausgeführt werden:
    • Positionieren der Verbindungsträger (21), um die Hubgleitträger (18) mit ihren jeweiligen Gleitträgern (19) der Unterstruktur zu verbinden;
    • Bewegen der Gleitanordnungen (28) unter die Stützpunkte der Topsides (12) der Plattform;
    • Verbinden mit einer Pumpe und Testen der Hydraulikheber zum Heben und Verschieben der Topsides (12); und
    • Verlängern der vertikalen Heber (30) zum Vorbelasten der Befestigung der Topsides an den Unterstrukturbeinen (11).
  16. Verfahren zur Demontage einer Offshore-Plattform nach einem der Ansprüche 11 bis 15, wobei die folgenden Schritte vor dem Schritt zum Drücken der Topsides (12) der Plattform in Richtung des Hubschiffs (1) durchgeführt werden:
    • Anheben der Topsides (12) der Plattform mit den vertikalen Hebern (30), um das Gewicht der Topside (12) mit einem integrierten Wiegesystem zu überprüfen;
    • dann Fortsetzen des Anhebens der Topsides (12), wenn das Gewicht der Topsides innerhalb eines akzeptablen Schwellenwerts liegt, bis der definierte Abstand zur Unterstruktur (19) erreicht ist;
    • dann Absenken und Sichern der Topsides (12) der Plattform, wenn das Gewicht der Topsides über dem akzeptablen Schwellenwert liegt.
  17. Verfahren zur Demontage einer Offshore-Plattform nach einem der Ansprüche 11 bis 16, wobei die folgenden Schritte durchgeführt werden, wenn die Plattform-Topsides ihre endgültige Position auf dem Hub-Hauptdeck (5) erreicht haben:
    • Absenken der Topsides (12) auf Transportstützpunkte an dem Hub-Hauptdeck (5);
    • Öffnen der Gleitträgerverbindungen an Verbindungsträgern (21);
    • Befestigen der Topsides (12) am Hauptdeck (5) des Hubschiffs;
    • Zurückziehen der Gleitträger (19) der Unterstruktur auf dem Hub-Hauptdeck (5);
    • Absenken des Hubschiffs (1) auf dem Meer; und
    • Schleppen des Hub-Schiffs (1) mit den Topsides (12) auf dem Hub-Hauptdeck (5) zum Abladeort.
EP19305159.6A 2019-02-08 2019-02-08 Struktur und verfahren zur ausserbetriebnahme einer offshore-plattform Active EP3693513B1 (de)

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EP19305159.6A EP3693513B1 (de) 2019-02-08 2019-02-08 Struktur und verfahren zur ausserbetriebnahme einer offshore-plattform
DK19305159.6T DK3693513T3 (da) 2019-02-08 2019-02-08 Struktur og fremgangsmåde til dekommissionering af en offshoreplatform
PCT/EP2020/053210 WO2020161340A1 (en) 2019-02-08 2020-02-07 Structure and method for decommissioning an offshore platform

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CA2133836C (en) * 1992-04-06 2004-01-20 Daniel Frank Mcnease Method and apparatus for transporting and using a drilling or crane apparatus from a movable vessel
US5997217A (en) * 1998-05-11 1999-12-07 Verret; Rodney J. Shallow water well-drilling apparatus
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