EP3692357A1 - Vorrichtung zur automatischen speziesanalyse und verfahren zu dessen durchführung - Google Patents
Vorrichtung zur automatischen speziesanalyse und verfahren zu dessen durchführungInfo
- Publication number
- EP3692357A1 EP3692357A1 EP17787132.4A EP17787132A EP3692357A1 EP 3692357 A1 EP3692357 A1 EP 3692357A1 EP 17787132 A EP17787132 A EP 17787132A EP 3692357 A1 EP3692357 A1 EP 3692357A1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- sample
- spectrometer
- automatic
- evaluation
- camera
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
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Classifications
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- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
- G01N21/64—Fluorescence; Phosphorescence
- G01N21/6486—Measuring fluorescence of biological material, e.g. DNA, RNA, cells
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- G01N15/02—Investigating particle size or size distribution
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- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
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- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
- G01N21/64—Fluorescence; Phosphorescence
- G01N2021/6417—Spectrofluorimetric devices
- G01N2021/6419—Excitation at two or more wavelengths
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
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- G01N2201/06—Illumination; Optics
- G01N2201/061—Sources
- G01N2201/06113—Coherent sources; lasers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an automatic species analysis apparatus and a method of carrying out the same.
- the present invention relates to a device for automatic species analysis within a large biological group and a method for automatically performing such analyzes.
- composition especially the appearance and distribution of certain
- the phytoplankton is examined. These are microscopically small plant organisms, which are the primary producers at the bottom of the food chain. A disruptive change within the phytoplankton community has far-reaching consequences for the rest of the food chain and thus for the entire ecosystem. Due to the rapid growth of the phytoplankton organisms against higher aquatic plants, the phytoplankton is a particularly good indicator of short-term changes, such as nutrient inputs.
- Cyanobacteria These organisms are extremely adaptable and can be used even under the most difficult conditions, such as light deficiency and nitrogen limitations.A large number of cyanobacteria species are known to be endangered and "overturned” by aquatic life in that they form toxins which have neurotoxic, cytotoxic, dermatological and hepatotoxic effects and therefore constitute a major health hazard in the case of drinking water or recreational use.
- the cell size allows information about the physiological activity of the species, the cell size distribution is particularly important to estimate the growth potential of phytoplankton species in the water body or to perform, for example, a process control of algae plants.
- Another example where biological markers can be used to assess environmental quality is air purity studies.
- an inventive device for automatic species analysis should be able to provide information about the presence of Distribution and the specific properties of biological species in a sample by a metrological evaluation without involvement of a taxonomist win.
- the study cost and time required for the examinations should be reduced.
- Laser radiation source directed to the sample area, wherein the fluorescent radiation emitted by the sample within the sample area by excitation by the second laser radiation source and a second collected
- Spectrometer is supplied for spectral evaluation; and a camera adapted to take a photograph of the sample within the
- the apparatus further comprising means for automatic species analysis adapted to derive from the sample-related results of the spectroscopic evaluation of the first spectrometer and the second spectrometer (i.e., first and second fluorescence spectra of the sample) and the photographic image of the camera by a multi-stage
- Threshold comparison for certain stored in an associated database, determination parameters to perform an automatic species analysis.
- Species analysis within a large biological group means that the species to be automatically identified and examined for their specific properties (ie the biological sample material contained in an environmental sample) belong to a particular biological large group.
- the large groups may be, for example, certain types of phytoplankton or a pollen group.
- a device according to the invention can be formed in general for the automatic species analysis of a large number of biological large group.
- the radiation of a first laser radiation source is directed as excitation radiation onto a sample area, wherein the fluorescence radiation emitted by a sample within the sample area by excitation by the first laser radiation source, e.g. B. by means of a corresponding collection optics, collected and a first spectrometer for spectral evaluation, d. H. for generating a spectrum of the first fluorescence radiation, is supplied.
- the spectrometer may be a grating spectrometer
- the spectrometer may be constructed as a filter stack with a plurality of dichroic filters.
- the spectral measurement is preferably carried out via a corresponding camera (for example a line scan camera or matrix camera), whereby a spectral assignment to individual spectral ranges takes place via the pixel positions.
- spectral regions are combined into individual channels (eg by numbered channels with a spectral width of 50 nm).
- the radiation of a second laser radiation source is directed as excitation radiation on the sample area, wherein the of the sample within the sample area by excitation by the second
- the spectrometer may be
- a grating spectrometer for example, a grating spectrometer, a prism spectrometer or a
- Filter spectrometer act.
- the spectrometer may be constructed as a filter stack with a plurality of dichroic filters.
- the spectral measurement is preferably carried out via a corresponding camera (eg line scan camera or
- Matrix camera whereby the pixel positions are spectrally assigned to individual spectral ranges.
- spectral regions are combined into individual channels (eg by numbered channels with a spectral width of 50 nm).
- the guidance of the first and second beam path to the sample can be collinear or independent (not collinear).
- both are Beam paths to a common position or two closely spaced positions, preferably less than 10 ⁇ , more preferably less than 5 ⁇ , more preferably less than 2 ⁇ , more preferably less than 1 ⁇ and even more preferably less than 0.5 ⁇ remote positions, im Test area directed.
- the fluorescence radiation is preferably supplied to the excitation of a sample via the first beam path exclusively to the first spectrometer for spectral evaluation.
- the fluorescence radiation is preferably supplied to the excitation of a sample via the second beam path exclusively to the second spectrometer for spectral evaluation.
- the emission wavelength of the first differs
- a wavelength difference between the wavelengths of the laser radiation sources may be at least 10 nm, more preferably at least 25 nm, more preferably at least 50 nm, more preferably at least 100 nm, and even more preferably at least 250 nm.
- the emission wavelength of the first laser radiation source is preferably between 480 nm and 500 nm. It is also preferable for the emission wavelength of the second laser radiation source to be between 550 nm and 570 nm. Particularly preferred is the emission wavelength of the first
- Laser radiation source at 488 nm. More preferably, the emission wavelength of the second laser radiation source is 561 nm.
- the sample area may preferably be a photo or video camera for visually detecting the samples within the sample area.
- the camera may additionally comprise an optical imaging system for enlarging the image (so-called microscopy arrangement).
- the camera can also be designed as an element of the spectroscopy system.
- a photo or video camera for visually detecting the samples within the sample area.
- the camera may additionally comprise an optical imaging system for enlarging the image (so-called microscopy arrangement).
- the camera can also be designed as an element of the spectroscopy system.
- a photo or video camera for visually detecting the samples within the sample area.
- the camera may additionally comprise an optical imaging system for enlarging the image (so-called microscopy arrangement).
- the camera can also be designed as an element of the spectroscopy system.
- a photo or video camera for visually detecting the samples within the sample area.
- the camera may additionally comprise an optical imaging system for enlarging the image (so-called microscopy arrangement).
- Spectrometer camera also be used for photographic recording of the sample within the sample area. Photographic images of the sample can also take place simultaneously in several spectral ranges, eg. Example by means of a filter spectrometer, in which the spectrometer camera is illuminated simultaneously via different color filters aligned side by side. Preferably, one is
- a spectrum may consist of a spectrally resolved series of individual fluorescence microscopic images of a sample (ie, simultaneous generation of spectrally and locally resolved fluorescence microscopic images by a spectrometer).
- a device further comprises a means for automatic species analysis, wherein from the sample-related results of
- Spectrometer eg, the fluorescence spectra as measured spectral intensity over wavelength
- the photographic image of the camera takes place an automatic species analysis for a sample.
- the spectroscopic data of both beam paths are therefore evaluated in combination with at least one photographic image for speciation determination within a biological large group.
- the means for automatic species analysis accesses an associated database which contains certain parameters for an automatic species analysis.
- the individual determination parameters are through
- Thresholds marked and exhibit a multi-level order towards an ever finer taxonomic differentiation ("decision tree").
- Multi-level means here that the determination parameters in the database preferably have an order of the general group membership, on the family level to the species determination.
- the automated species analysis database includes additional data
- Determination key for species analysis e.g. From metadata about the source of the environmental sample, probability assumptions about the presence of certain species, or other limitations and distinctions.
- the automatic species analysis means may then be multilevel according to the multi-level order of the database
- Threshold comparison perform an automatic species analysis.
- taxonomic differentiation of spectral groups evaluation of the sample-related spectroscopy data
- a biological family level evaluation of the photographic image of the sample
- species level further evaluation of the photographic image of the sample
- Threshold comparison here means that for a given
- a threshold value can be stored, which with a corresponding value from the sample-related results of the spectroscopic evaluation of the first spectrometer and the second
- the invention is based on the finding that for an automatic
- Species analysis in particular a combination of spectroscopic methods with means of automatic image recognition (eg., By means of deep learning) is particularly suitable.
- Wavelengths can be evaluated different excitation paths in the fluorescence of a sample. This allows in particular the specific
- Excitation wavelengths can be chosen, for example, so that specific molecules or sample components can be excited to fluoresce.
- the acquired spectroscopic data can then already be used for a first classification into spectral classes.
- About the evaluation of the photographic recording can then, for. B. based on the geometric dimensions of a sample, a further division at the family level.
- a further differentiation to speciesites can also be made by evaluating the photographic image and, in particular, by taking into account additional metadata as a further key to the determination, in particular to the expected species distribution on the basis of the sample origin.
- a device according to the invention further comprises a means for archiving, adapted to the results of the spectroscopic
- Spectrometer and the photographic image of the camera preferably provided with a time stamp and can be stored as a complete or reduced data set. In particular, this provides the results of automatic species analysis at a later time for review. Such archiving can be used in particular for the optimization of the Stored thresholds for the determination parameters or for an additional random check by a
- Taxonomists are used.
- a device further comprises a means for statistical evaluation, designed to perform a statistical evaluation of a variety of automatic species analyzes on different samples.
- the means for statistical evaluation may be a computer-based statistical evaluation program.
- Another aspect of the present invention relates to a method for
- automatic species analysis comprising the steps of: providing an automatic species analysis device according to the invention; Introducing a sample into the sample area; Producing a sample-related spectroscopic evaluation of the generated fluorescence radiation with the first spectrometer and the second spectrometer and a photograph of the sample with the camera; Evaluation of the sample-related results of the spectroscopic evaluation of the first spectrometer and of the second spectrometer as well as the photographic recording of the camera by the means for the automatic
- Species analysis wherein automatic species analysis is performed by a multi-level threshold comparison for certain determination parameters stored in an associated database.
- a value for a determination parameter is first determined from the sample-related results of the spectroscopic evaluation of the first spectrometer and the second spectrometer and the photographic image of the camera, and this is compared to the differentiation decision with the threshold value stored in the database for this determination parameter.
- a method according to the invention is particularly suitable for carrying out an automatic species analysis by means of a device according to the invention described in this document.
- the individual steps of the process are based on a procedural application of the in the section on the
- Image analysis of the photographic image of the camera are performed.
- further differentiation takes place subsequently at the species level, likewise on the basis of an automatic image analysis of the photographic image of the camera and / or by taking into account additional determination keys for determining species, eg. B. due to metadata for sample origin and / or - distribution, probability assumptions to occur or otherwise
- the means for automatic species analysis additionally performs a biovolume determination based on the sample related results of
- the biovolume of the phytoplankton cells per volume of water used can be determined in particular from the number of species per volume and the cell area of the sample, which is preferably determined from a photographic image of the sample by the means for evaluation.
- a biovolume determination can u. a. on the parameters length, width,
- Object diameter can be constructed and calculated using a specific (eg a phytoplanktonspezifischen) formulary collection (Hillebrand et al., 1999).
- the volume of the object can be calculated, for example, using the formula for calculating the spherical volume: (TT / 6) * CP, where c is the diameter the cell (or other spherical examination subject).
- An ellipsoidal cell can additionally be identified by an aspect ratio (aspect ratio of 1.5) of the elongatedness and whose volume is calculated by the formula (jr / 6) * d 2 * h, where c is the diameter and h is the length of the cell. With an aspect ratio of 0-0.6, a more precise identification of the
- Particle shape are made. With a length more than 4 times the width ratio, a filamentous structure can be assumed which can be obtained by means of a
- Cylinder can be calculated ((n / 4) * d 2 * h). Using the calculated volumes, a biovolume determination can be made per volume using the respectively determined number of objects.
- the sample-related results of the spectroscopic evaluation of the first spectrometer and of the second spectrometer and the photographic image of the camera are archived by the means for archiving.
- This step serves in particular for a possible documentation of the examination on individual samples. Further advantages of archiving can be found in the corresponding section of the device description.
- the statistical evaluation means preferably carry out a statistical evaluation of a large number of automatic species analyzes on different samples.
- a statistical evaluation especially with regard to the distribution frequency of certain species in a given sampling, z. B. in a water sample, done.
- Another aspect of the present invention relates to a method for
- Pollen determination comprises an evaluation of the pollen size, the maximum axial extent and / or the geometrical asymmetry ratio (of the pollen) as a determination parameter.
- Another aspect of the present invention relates to a method for
- automatic phytoplankton determination which is based on a method according to the invention for automatic species analysis, wherein an excitation of the sample at an emission wavelength of the first laser radiation source between 480 nm and 500 nm, wherein the excitation of phycoerythrin excitation of the sample at an emission wavelength of the second laser radiation source between 550 nm and 570 nm.
- the emission wavelength of the first Laser radiation source at 488 nm. More preferably, the emission wavelength of the second laser radiation source is 561 nm.
- the method for automatic phytoplankton determination comprises an evaluation of the cell length, the cell width, the maximum axial extent, the geometric asymmetry ratio (of the cell), the cell size, the
- the method for automated phytoplankton determination allows a
- Laser configuration with excitation at 488 nm and 561 nm is particularly advantageous.
- an excitation wavelength of 488 nm (ubiqitäre) carotenoids occurring in all phytoplankton species are excited, while in a phytoplankton species occurring (ubiqitäre) carotenoids excited
- Excitation wavelength of 561 nm specific individual phytoplankton groups can be excited (mainly Bacillariophyta, cyanobacteria and
- Species analysis for automatic species analysis is performed by a multi-level threshold comparison with determination parameters, which are stored in an associated database and can be read there.
- a taxonomic differentiation of Phytoplanktonspezies therefore takes place in a multi-stage process in several steps.
- a division into spectral groups preferably takes place on the basis of the sample-related results of the spectroscopic evaluation of the first spectrometer and of the second spectrometer.
- Phytoplankton large groups eg cyanobacteria, green spectral group (Chlorophyta, Euglenophyta), Bacillariophyta, Dinophyta,
- a division at the family level takes place on the basis of the sample-related photographic image of the camera.
- a more detailed determination at the family level can be based in particular on specific geometrical or other determination parameters (eg cell size, cell shape, structural arrangements within the cells, etc.) which can be taken in the photographic images by automatic image recognition methods (see Lauterbornia 1997, John, DM 2003). ,
- phytoplankton samples for example, a characteristic spectral intensity ratio between individual spectral regions in the fluorescent light, by which Phytoplanktongroß phenomenon can be distinguished from each other.
- Each single cell measured i.e., one sample
- Heterocontophyta are assigned by a coarsely gridded
- Emission spectrum is used.
- an average intensity value in each case can preferably be used for this purpose
- Spectral range 560-595 nm (referred to as channel 03 without restriction of generality), in the spectral range 595-642 nm (referred to as channel 04), and in the spectral range 642-745 nm (referred to as channel 05).
- an average intensity value in the spectral range 570-595 nm (referred to as channel 09), in the spectral range 595-642 nm (referred to as channel 10) and in the spectral range 642-745 nm (as channel 1 1).
- Excitation at a wavelength of 561 nm allows a specific excitation of phycoerythrin um particularly relevant cyanobacteria, as well as cryptophyta from the others
- Table 1 are exemplary determination parameters as threshold values for a division into spectral Phytoplankton phenomenon given in the above example spectral channelization for fluorescence excitation at wavelengths of 488 nm and 561 nm. This must first be a standardization of the spectroscopic
- Determination parameters can be improved and optimized with stored measurements of different species. If specific thresholds are reached or undershot for certain channels, a division into a spectral group can be made on the basis of the information given in Tab. Depending on the required requirement for the depth of determination, such can already be determined
- a differentiation at the family level can according to the invention by the
- Determination parameters are evaluated. Also here is a
- filaments the corresponding threshold can be determined by the aspect ratio of the cell, filaments are present at aspect ratios ⁇ 0.3
- coccale cells coccale cells
- Determination parameters are used.
- further information on morphological characteristics may be used as additional keys of identification.
- Presence of a trained taxonomist is not mandatory) with a statistically better data basis due to a multiple of recorded samples than with a microscopic analysis (minimum requirement Microscope 400 cells, flow cytometers up to 5000 cells / second), thereby also rare species can be detected;
- Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of an embodiment of a device for automatic species analysis
- FIG. 2 shows a flow chart for a multi-level threshold comparison in a method according to the invention for automatic species analysis.
- Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of an embodiment of an apparatus for automatic species analysis.
- the device comprises a first
- Beam path 10 directed from a first laser radiation source 12 to a sample area 40, wherein the fluorescent radiation emitted by a sample 42 within the sample area 40 by excitation by the first laser radiation source 12 is collected and fed to a first spectrometer 14 for spectral evaluation; a second beam path 20 from a second
- Laser radiation source 22 directed to the sample area 40, wherein the sample 42 within the sample area 40 by excitation by the second
- Collected laser radiation source 22 emitted fluorescence radiation and a second spectrometer 24 is supplied for spectral evaluation; and a camera 30 adapted to receive a photograph of the sample 42 within the sample area 40; the apparatus further comprising an automatic species analysis means (50) adapted to be formed from
- the illustration shows an archiving means 60 connected to the automatic species analysis means 50 adapted to archive the results of the spectroscopic evaluation of the first spectrometer 14 and the second spectrometer 24 as well as the photographic image of the camera 30.
- the illustration also shows a statistical analysis means 70 connected to the automatic species analysis means 50 adapted to perform a statistical evaluation of a plurality of automatic species analyzes
- FIG. 2 shows a flow chart for a multi-level threshold comparison in an automatic species analysis method according to the invention.
- a division into spectral groups takes place on the basis of the sample-related results of the spectroscopic evaluation of the first spectrometer and the second spectrometer (preferably via intensity ratios between the intensity values in different spectral ranges).
- a family-level division takes place on the basis of an evaluation of the sample-related photographic image of the camera 30.
- Corresponding threshold values can be extracted from the photographic images of the camera 30 by means of automatic image recognition methods.
- a classification at species level takes place based on a further evaluation of the sample-related photographic image of the camera 30 with regard to further determination parameters and / or taking into account additional determination keys (eg corresponding probability statements on the species probability based on the sample origin).
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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PCT/EP2017/075553 WO2019068352A1 (de) | 2017-10-06 | 2017-10-06 | Vorrichtung zur automatischen speziesanalyse und verfahren zu dessen durchführung |
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EP3692357A1 true EP3692357A1 (de) | 2020-08-12 |
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ID=60143686
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP17787132.4A Withdrawn EP3692357A1 (de) | 2017-10-06 | 2017-10-06 | Vorrichtung zur automatischen speziesanalyse und verfahren zu dessen durchführung |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US20200278300A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP3692357A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2019068352A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP7181139B2 (ja) * | 2019-03-27 | 2022-11-30 | Jfeアドバンテック株式会社 | 特定種の植物プランクトンの存在量の算出方法及び算出装置、及び特定種の植物プランクトンによる赤潮発生の予兆検知方法及び予兆検知装置 |
Family Cites Families (1)
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US9983115B2 (en) * | 2015-09-21 | 2018-05-29 | Fluid Imaging Technologies, Inc. | System and method for monitoring particles in a fluid using ratiometric cytometry |
-
2017
- 2017-10-06 US US16/648,650 patent/US20200278300A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2017-10-06 EP EP17787132.4A patent/EP3692357A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2017-10-06 WO PCT/EP2017/075553 patent/WO2019068352A1/de unknown
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Publication number | Publication date |
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US20200278300A1 (en) | 2020-09-03 |
WO2019068352A1 (de) | 2019-04-11 |
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