EP3680386B1 - Method and device for removing and / or damaging coating on fibres and / or filaments - Google Patents

Method and device for removing and / or damaging coating on fibres and / or filaments Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3680386B1
EP3680386B1 EP20400001.2A EP20400001A EP3680386B1 EP 3680386 B1 EP3680386 B1 EP 3680386B1 EP 20400001 A EP20400001 A EP 20400001A EP 3680386 B1 EP3680386 B1 EP 3680386B1
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Prior art keywords
electron beams
source
generating
filaments
dimensional textile
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3680386A1 (en
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Björn Fischer
Barbara Schimanz
Georg Jurgeleit
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Evonta-Technology GmbH
Saechsisches Textilforschungsinstitut STFI eV
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Evonta-Technology GmbH
Saechsisches Textilforschungsinstitut STFI eV
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M10/00—Physical treatment of fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, e.g. ultrasonic, corona discharge, irradiation, electric currents, or magnetic fields; Physical treatment combined with treatment with chemical compounds or elements
    • D06M10/008—Treatment with radioactive elements or with neutrons, alpha, beta or gamma rays

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the use of accelerated electrons from at least one source to generate electron beams.
  • Various high-strength materials such as glass, carbon or basalt are used as reinforcement fibers in the production of fiber composites.
  • a textile fabric such as a non-woven fabric, fabric or scrim from these fibers/filaments, which are high-strength but easily brittle, the fibers/filaments are coated with a size/avivage.
  • the sizing has an oily or silicone-like consistency and covers the fibers/filaments like a coat. This reduces the breaking behavior of the fibers/filaments. It allows the fibers/filaments to bend in smaller radii and slide with less friction among themselves.
  • the fibers/filaments are then in an uncoated state, so that trouble-free, firm adhesion between the fibers/filaments and the matrix can be guaranteed.
  • the textile fabrics do not always consist of heat-resistant fibrous materials, so that deposits or impurities on the fibers/filaments cannot be removed thermally and without damaging the fibers/filaments.
  • the pamphlet DE 30 00 582 A1 discloses a method of grafting a fire retardant additive onto combustible fabrics, fibers and other materials.
  • a solution of the additive is applied to the substances, the fibers or the materials and at least partially dried.
  • the material is exposed to an electron beam so that the fire retardant additive is grafted onto the flammable fabric, fiber or material.
  • the electron beam results in radiation-induced chemical bonding and surface coating cure of the fire retardant additive.
  • the pamphlet DE 195 46 187 C2 includes a method and a device for plasma-assisted surface treatment, in particular for plasma sterilization, the surface modification of plastics and the deposition of polymer layers.
  • a plasma of uniform density is used to treat the surface, which is formed from a supplied reactive gas between a window in front of an electron ribbon radiator and the material.
  • a process for desizing cellulosic textile materials for subsequent bleaching or dyeing.
  • the textile material is impregnated with an aqueous medium, pressed, exposed to electron beams and washed.
  • the aqueous medium for impregnation and thus desizing contains sodium hydroxide and a wetting agent.
  • the physical properties of the materials are favorably influenced by irradiating cellulose or lignocellulose materials, for example cellulose fibers, with a suitable dose of ionizing radiation.
  • cellulose or lignocellulose materials for example cellulose fibers
  • ionizing radiation ionizing radiation
  • the mechanical and/or other properties of textiles containing cellulosic materials can be favorably changed.
  • Cellulosic and other fibers of increased molecular weight are provided which can be used in the manufacture of yarns and in the manufacture of textiles. In this way, the thermal stability of the material can be improved compared to an untreated material.
  • the invention specified in claim 1 is based on the object of providing composite materials with a firm connection between fibers and/or filaments of flat textile structures or three-dimensional textile structures for reinforcing the composite material and a matrix of the composite material.
  • the use of accelerated electrons from at least one source to generate electron beams is characterized in particular by the fact that composite materials with a firm connection between fibers and/or filaments of flat textile structures or three-dimensional textile structures can be provided to reinforce the composite material and a matrix of the composite material.
  • accelerated electrons are at least one band radiator to generate an electron curtain as a source for generating Electron beams are used to remove and/or damage sizing on and/or fibers and/or filaments of sheet-like textile structures or three-dimensional textile structures for better adhesion when reinforcing a composite material and a matrix of the composite material, with the strip radiator being spaced apart from the sheet-like textile material Structure or the spatial textile structure is arranged so that accelerated electrons from the source for generating electron beams reach the surface of the sheet-like textile structure or spatial textile structure.
  • the flat textile structure or three-dimensional textile structure is charged with accelerated electrons from at least one source for generating electron beams as a strip radiator for generating an electron curtain.
  • At least one source for generating electron beams is arranged as a strip radiator for generating an electron curtain at a distance from the flat textile structure or three-dimensional textile structure in such a way that accelerated electrons from the source for generating electron beams reach the surface of the flat textile structure or three-dimensional textile structure .
  • the electron beam method used works by means of accelerated electrons according to the principle of the Braun tube.
  • the electrons By applying an electrical voltage between cathode and anode, the electrons are accelerated in the direction of the exit window, pass through the exit window and reach the surface of fibers and/or filaments of the respective structure.
  • the electrons come into contact with the fibers and/or filaments, they convert almost all of their kinetic energy into heat through collision processes.
  • the electrons penetrate to a certain depth. Adhering coverings or coatings are thereby removed and/or damaged.
  • the penetration depth of the electrons can be controlled by varying the acceleration intensity, so that coatings or sizing of fibers and/or filaments inside the respective structure can also be removed.
  • the source for generating electron beams is a band emitter with a very thin electron exit window, so that the respective structure is treated over a large area and continuously.
  • Several radiators can also be arranged in order to be able to impinge on larger widths and/or several sides of the structure.
  • a particular advantage of using electron beams to remove and/or damage size on fibers and/or filaments is the low energy consumption compared to known heat processes for burning size, such as pyrolysis furnaces.
  • the power can be 50 kW to 100 kW.
  • the source for generating electron beams can require a tenth of the power of an oven.
  • the thermal treatment in the furnace is still a discontinuous process. Each time the oven is loaded and opened, it must be heated up or reheated.
  • the use of a source for generating electron beams results in a continuous process.
  • the structure can be continuously guided past the source, so that electron beams and thus electrons continuously reach the moving surface of the structure.
  • the electron beam process causes more uniform emissions of gaseous waste products from the coatings, which can be continuously sucked off and filtered during the movement of the structure.
  • the use of the electron beam method ensures that the removal and/or damage of Sizing on fibers and/or filaments of textile structures.
  • the structure as a flat textile structure or three-dimensional textile structure can in particular be a woven fabric, a scrim, a non-woven fabric, a group of yarns and/or a group of filaments.
  • the structure is guided past two mutually spaced sources for generating electron beams, so that the electron beams of the sources for generating electron beams reach two opposite surfaces of the structure.
  • the structure is located on and/or on at least one driven transport device.
  • At least one device downstream of the source or sources for generating electron beams is used for sucking off waste products.
  • the waste products can thus easily be removed continuously and immediately after they are formed.
  • the source for generating electron beams is a chamber with a vacuum or a protective gas, where at least the applied one Surface of the structure are in the chamber with a vacuum or an inert gas.
  • a chamber with an inlet and an outlet for the structure with the source for generating electron beams and at least the exposed surface of the structure is used, so that the structure can be continuously transported through the chamber.
  • a woven fabric, a scrim, a non-woven fabric, a group of yarns and/or a group of filaments is used as the structure.
  • accelerated electrons from at least one source (2) are used to generate electron beams using the example of a method and a device for removing and/or damaging sizing from fibers and/or filaments of flat textile structures for better adhesion during reinforcement of a composite material are explained in more detail together.
  • the flat textile structure 1 is only referred to as structure 1 below.
  • a device for removing and/or damaging size from fibers and/or filaments of structure 1 for better adhesion when reinforcing a composite material consists essentially of at least one source 2 for generating electron beams as a ribbon radiator for generating an electron curtain.
  • the 1 shows a device for removing and/or damaging size from fibers and/or filaments of structures 1 for better adhesion when reinforcing a composite material in a basic side view.
  • Sources 2 for generating electron beams are arranged above and below the moving structure 1 as band emitters for generating an electron curtain at a distance from the structure 1 such that accelerated electrons from the sources 2 for generating electron beams reach the surfaces of the structure 1.
  • the structure 1 is located on and/or on at least one driven transport device. This can, for example, be driven transport rollers 3, also in connection with carriers.
  • At least one device 4 for sucking off waste products 5 is arranged downstream of the sources 2 for generating electron beams in the direction of transport.
  • the sources 2 for generating electron beams, the at least one drive of the transport rollers 3 and the device 4 for sucking off waste products 5 are connected to a control device 6 .
  • a source 2 for generating electron beams in the form of an electron curtain is a known triode system with a cathode, a control electrode and an anode in the form of a Wehnelt cylinder.
  • the cathode and the anode are connected to a high-voltage source with a voltage of, for example, greater than or equal to 60 kV and less than or equal to 300 kV.
  • the 2 Figure 1 shows a device for removing and/or damaging size from fibers and/or filaments of structures 1 for the better Adhesion in reinforcement of a composite material in a principle front view.
  • a plurality of sources 2 for generating electron beams are arranged at least or partly over the width of the structure 1 below and above the structure 1 .
  • the electron beams from the sources 2 for generating electron beams thus reach the opposite surfaces of the structure 1.
  • the sources 2 for generating electron beams and at least the exposed surfaces of the structure 1 can be located in a chamber with a vacuum or an inert gas.
  • the chamber can advantageously have an inlet and an outlet for the structure 1, so that this can be continuously transported through the chamber.
  • the structure 1 can be a woven fabric, a scrim, a non-woven fabric, a group of yarns and/or a group of filaments.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft Verwendung von beschleunigten Elektronen wenigstens einer Quelle zur Erzeugung von Elektronenstrahlen.The invention relates to the use of accelerated electrons from at least one source to generate electron beams.

Bei der Herstellung von Faserverbundwerkstoffen werden als Verstärkungsfasern verschiedene hochfeste Materialien wie Glas, Carbon oder Basalt verwendet. Um aus diesen zwar hochfesten aber leicht brüchigen Fasern/Filamenten ein textiles Flächengebilde wie Vliesstoff, Gewebe oder Gelege herzustellen, werden die Fasern/Filamente mit einer Schlichte/Avivage überzogen. Die Schlichte hat eine ölige oder silikonartige Konsistenz und legt sich wie ein Mantel um die Fasern/Filamente herum. Dadurch wird das Bruchverhalten der Fasern/Filamente herabgesetzt. Es ermöglicht das Biegen der Fasern/Filamenten in kleineren Radien und das Gleiten mit geringerer Reibung untereinander. Bei der Verarbeitung dieser textilen Flächengebilde zu Faserverbundwerkstoffen mit thermoplastischer oder duroplastischer Matrix können Schlichte, Beläge oder Verunreinigungen auf den Fasern und/oder Filamenten zu Störungen bei der Haftung mit der Matrix führen. Eine feste Verbundausbildung ist dann fehlerhaft oder nicht vorhanden. Schlichte, Beläge oder Verunreinigungen müssen zum Zwecke der fehlerfreien Verbundausbildung entfernt werden. Bisher werden die Schlichten, Beläge und Verunreinigungen von textilen Flächengebilden aus hitzebeständigen Faserstoffen thermisch, also in einem Ofen, energieaufwändig entfernt. Die Temperaturen werden so hoch gewählt, dass die Schlichten verdampfen oder verbrennen. Die Fasern/Filamente liegen dann in einem unbeschichteten Zustand vor, so dass eine störungsfreie, feste Haftung zwischen Fasern/Filamenten und Matrix gewährleistet werden kann. Weiterhin bestehen die textilen Flächengebilde nicht in jedem Fall aus hitzebeständigen Faserstoffen, so dass Beläge oder Verunreinigungen auf den Fasern/Filamenten nicht thermisch und ohne Schädigung der Fasern/Filamente entfernt werden können.Various high-strength materials such as glass, carbon or basalt are used as reinforcement fibers in the production of fiber composites. In order to produce a textile fabric such as a non-woven fabric, fabric or scrim from these fibers/filaments, which are high-strength but easily brittle, the fibers/filaments are coated with a size/avivage. The sizing has an oily or silicone-like consistency and covers the fibers/filaments like a coat. This reduces the breaking behavior of the fibers/filaments. It allows the fibers/filaments to bend in smaller radii and slide with less friction among themselves. When these textile fabrics are processed into fiber composite materials with a thermoplastic or duroplastic matrix, sizing, deposits or impurities on the fibers and/or filaments can lead to problems in adhesion with the matrix. A solid composite formation is then faulty or non-existent. Sizing, deposits or impurities must be removed for the purpose of a fault-free bond formation. So far, the sizings, coatings and impurities of textile fabrics made of heat-resistant fibrous materials have been removed thermally, i.e. in an oven, which requires a lot of energy. The temperatures are selected so high that the sizings vaporize or burn. The fibers/filaments are then in an uncoated state, so that trouble-free, firm adhesion between the fibers/filaments and the matrix can be guaranteed. Furthermore, the textile fabrics do not always consist of heat-resistant fibrous materials, so that deposits or impurities on the fibers/filaments cannot be removed thermally and without damaging the fibers/filaments.

Durch die Druckschrift DE 31 32 405 A1 ist ein Verfahren und eine Einrichtung zur Kantenverfestigung von Flächengebilden während eines Füge- und/oder Trennvorganges bekannt, wobei auf die Füge- und/oder Trennstelle des oder der zu fügenden oder zu trennenden Flächengebilde mindestens einseitig ein Klebstoff aufgetragen ist. Zur Verfestigung der Füge- und/oder Trennstelle können dazu insbesondere elektromagnetische Wellen verwendet werden. Überlagert oder nachgeordnet können Elektronenstrahlbrenner angeordnet sein, die ausschließlich dem Trennen von Flächengebilden verwendet werden.Through the pamphlet DE 31 32 405 A1 discloses a method and a device for edge strengthening of fabrics during a joining and/or separating process, with an adhesive being applied to at least one side of the joining and/or separating point of the fabric(s) to be joined or separated. Electromagnetic waves in particular can be used to strengthen the joining and/or separating point. Electron beam burners can be arranged superimposed or downstream, which are used exclusively for separating flat structures.

Die Druckschrift DE 30 00 582 A1 offenbart ein Verfahren zum Aufpfropfen eines feuerhemmenden Zusatzstoffes auf entflammbare Stoffe, Fasern und andere Werkstoffe. Dabei wird auf die Stoffe, die Fasern oder die Werkstoffe eine Lösung des Zusatzstoffes aufgebracht und wenigstens teilweise getrocknet. Anschließend wird der Werkstoff mit einem Elektronenbestrahlungsstrahl ausgesetzt, so dass der feuerhemmende Zusatzstoff auf den entflammbaren Stoff, die entflammbare Faser oder den entflammbaren Werkstoff aufgepfropft ist. Der Elektronenstrahl führt dabei zu einer strahlungsinduzierten chemischen Haftverbindung und Oberflächenbeschichtungsaushärtung des feuerhemmenden Zusatzstoffes.The pamphlet DE 30 00 582 A1 discloses a method of grafting a fire retardant additive onto combustible fabrics, fibers and other materials. A solution of the additive is applied to the substances, the fibers or the materials and at least partially dried. Subsequently, the material is exposed to an electron beam so that the fire retardant additive is grafted onto the flammable fabric, fiber or material. The electron beam results in radiation-induced chemical bonding and surface coating cure of the fire retardant additive.

Die Druckschrift DE 195 46 187 C2 beinhaltet ein Verfahren und eine Einrichtung zur plasmagestützten Oberflächenbehandlung, insbesondere zur Plasmasterilisation, der Oberflächenmodifikation von Kunststoffen und der Abscheidung von Polymerschichten. Zur Behandlung der Oberfläche wird ein Plasma gleichmäßiger Dichte verwendet, welches aus einem zugeführten Reaktivgas zwischen einem Fenster vor einem Elektronenbandstrahler und dem Material ausgebildet ist.The pamphlet DE 195 46 187 C2 includes a method and a device for plasma-assisted surface treatment, in particular for plasma sterilization, the surface modification of plastics and the deposition of polymer layers. A plasma of uniform density is used to treat the surface, which is formed from a supplied reactive gas between a window in front of an electron ribbon radiator and the material.

Durch die Druckschrift RU 2 064 024 C1 ist ein Verfahren zum Entschlichten von zellulosehaltigen Textilmaterialien zum folgenden Bleichen oder Färben bekannt. Zum Entschlichten wird das Textilmaterial mit einem wässrigen Medium imprägniert, gepresst, mit Elektronenstrahlen beaufschlagt und gewaschen. Das wässrige Medium zur Imprägnierung und damit zum Entschlichten beinhaltet Natriumhydroxid und ein Netzmittel.Through the pamphlet RU 2 064 024 C1 a process is known for desizing cellulosic textile materials for subsequent bleaching or dyeing. For desizing, the textile material is impregnated with an aqueous medium, pressed, exposed to electron beams and washed. The aqueous medium for impregnation and thus desizing contains sodium hydroxide and a wetting agent.

Durch die Druckschrift US 2017/226689 A1 sind Textilien sowie Verfahren und Systeme zur Herstellung von Textilien bekannt. Dabei werden durch eine Bestrahlung von Cellulose- oder Lignocellulosematerialien, beispielsweise Cellulosefasern, mit einer geeigneten Dosis ionisierender Strahlung die physikalischen Eigenschaften der Materialien günstig beeinflusst. Dadurch können die mechanischen und/oder anderen Eigenschaften von Textilien, die Cellulosematerialien enthalten, günstig verändert werden. Es werden Cellulose- und andere Fasern mit einem erhöhten Molekulargewicht bereitgestellt, die bei der Herstellung von Garnen und bei der Herstellung von Textilien verwendet werden können. Damit kann die thermische Stabilität des Materials im Vergleich zu einem unbehandelten Material verbessert werden.Through the pamphlet U.S. 2017/226689 A1 Textiles and processes and systems for the production of textiles are known. In this case, the physical properties of the materials are favorably influenced by irradiating cellulose or lignocellulose materials, for example cellulose fibers, with a suitable dose of ionizing radiation. As a result, the mechanical and/or other properties of textiles containing cellulosic materials can be favorably changed. Cellulosic and other fibers of increased molecular weight are provided which can be used in the manufacture of yarns and in the manufacture of textiles. In this way, the thermal stability of the material can be improved compared to an untreated material.

Der im Patentanspruch 1 angegebenen Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, Verbundwerkstoffe mit einer festen Verbindung zwischen Fasern und/oder Filamenten von flächenförmigen textilen Gebilden oder räumlichen textilen Gebilden zur Verstärkung des Verbundwerkstoffs und einer Matrix des Verbundwerkstoffes bereitzustellen.The invention specified in claim 1 is based on the object of providing composite materials with a firm connection between fibers and/or filaments of flat textile structures or three-dimensional textile structures for reinforcing the composite material and a matrix of the composite material.

Diese Aufgabe wird mit den im Patentanspruch 1 aufgeführten Merkmalen gelöst.This object is achieved with the features listed in claim 1.

Die Verwendungen von beschleunigten Elektronen wenigstens einer Quelle zur Erzeugung von Elektronenstrahlen zeichnen sich insbesondere dadurch aus, dass Verbundwerkstoffe mit einer festen Verbindung zwischen Fasern und/oder Filamenten von flächenförmigen textilen Gebilden oder räumlichen textilen Gebilden zur Verstärkung des Verbundwerkstoffs und einer Matrix des Verbundwerkstoffes bereitstellbar sind.The use of accelerated electrons from at least one source to generate electron beams is characterized in particular by the fact that composite materials with a firm connection between fibers and/or filaments of flat textile structures or three-dimensional textile structures can be provided to reinforce the composite material and a matrix of the composite material.

Dazu werden beschleunigte Elektronen wenigstens eines Bandstrahlers zur Erzeugung eines Elektronenvorhanges als Quelle zur Erzeugung von Elektronenstrahlen zum Entfernen und/oder Schädigen von Schlichte auf und/oder von Fasern und/oder Filamenten von flächenförmigen textilen Gebilden oder räumlichen textilen Gebilden zur besseren Haftung bei der Verstärkung eines Verbundwerkstoffs und einer Matrix des Verbundwerkstoffes verwendet, wobei der Bandstrahler beabstandet zu dem flächenförmigen textilen Gebilde oder dem räumlichen textilen Gebilde so angeordnet ist, dass beschleunigte Elektronen von der Quelle zur Erzeugung von Elektronenstrahlen auf die Oberfläche des flächenförmigen textilen Gebildes oder räumlichen textilen Gebildes gelangen.For this purpose, accelerated electrons are at least one band radiator to generate an electron curtain as a source for generating Electron beams are used to remove and/or damage sizing on and/or fibers and/or filaments of sheet-like textile structures or three-dimensional textile structures for better adhesion when reinforcing a composite material and a matrix of the composite material, with the strip radiator being spaced apart from the sheet-like textile material Structure or the spatial textile structure is arranged so that accelerated electrons from the source for generating electron beams reach the surface of the sheet-like textile structure or spatial textile structure.

Dazu wird das flächenförmige textile Gebilde oder räumliche textile Gebilde mit beschleunigten Elektronen wenigstens einer Quelle zur Erzeugung von Elektronenstrahlen als Bandstrahler zur Erzeugung eines Elektronenvorhanges beaufschlagt.For this purpose, the flat textile structure or three-dimensional textile structure is charged with accelerated electrons from at least one source for generating electron beams as a strip radiator for generating an electron curtain.

Dazu ist wenigstens eine Quelle zur Erzeugung von Elektronenstrahlen als Bandstrahler zur Erzeugung eines Elektronenvorhanges beabstandet zu dem flächenförmigen textilen Gebilde oder räumlichen textilen Gebilde so angeordnet, dass beschleunigte Elektronen von der Quelle zur Erzeugung von Elektronenstrahlen auf die Oberfläche des flächenförmigen textilen Gebildes oder räumlichen textilen Gebildes gelangen.For this purpose, at least one source for generating electron beams is arranged as a strip radiator for generating an electron curtain at a distance from the flat textile structure or three-dimensional textile structure in such a way that accelerated electrons from the source for generating electron beams reach the surface of the flat textile structure or three-dimensional textile structure .

Das verwendete Elektronenstrahlverfahren wirkt mittels beschleunigter Elektronen nach dem Prinzip der Braunschen Röhre. Durch Anlegen einer elektrischen Spannung zwischen Kathode und Anode werden die Elektronen in Richtung Austrittsfenster beschleunigt, treten durch das Austrittsfenster und gelangen auf die Oberfläche von Fasern und/oder Filamenten des jeweiligen Gebildes. Beim Kontakt der Elektronen mit den Fasern und/oder Filamenten setzen diese nahezu ihre komplette kinetische Energie durch Stoßprozesse in Wärme um. In Abhängigkeit der Beschleunigungsspannung und/oder der Energie der beschleunigten Elektronen sowie den Schlichteeigenschaften und/oder Fasereigenschaften und/oder Filamenteigenschaften dringen die Elektronen bis in eine gewisse Tiefe ein. Anhaftende Beläge oder Schlichten werden damit entfernt und/oder geschädigt. Über die Variation der Beschleunigungsintensität kann die Eindringtiefe der Elektronen gesteuert werden, so dass auch Beläge oder Schlichten von Fasern und/oder Filamenten im Inneren des jeweiligen Gebildes entfernbar sind.The electron beam method used works by means of accelerated electrons according to the principle of the Braun tube. By applying an electrical voltage between cathode and anode, the electrons are accelerated in the direction of the exit window, pass through the exit window and reach the surface of fibers and/or filaments of the respective structure. When the electrons come into contact with the fibers and/or filaments, they convert almost all of their kinetic energy into heat through collision processes. Depending on the acceleration voltage and/or the energy of the accelerated electrons and the sizing properties and/or fiber properties and/or filament properties, the electrons penetrate to a certain depth. Adhering coverings or coatings are thereby removed and/or damaged. The penetration depth of the electrons can be controlled by varying the acceleration intensity, so that coatings or sizing of fibers and/or filaments inside the respective structure can also be removed.

Die Quelle zur Erzeugung von Elektronenstrahlen ist ein Bandstrahler mit einem sehr dünnen Elektronenaustrittsfenster, so dass eine flächige und kontinuierliche Behandlung des jeweiligen Gebildes gegeben ist. Es können auch mehrere Strahler angeordnet sein, um größere Breiten und/oder mehrere Seiten des Gebildes beaufschlagen zu können.The source for generating electron beams is a band emitter with a very thin electron exit window, so that the respective structure is treated over a large area and continuously. Several radiators can also be arranged in order to be able to impinge on larger widths and/or several sides of the structure.

Ein besonderer Vorteil bei der Verwendung von Elektronenstrahlen zum Entfernen und/oder Schädigen von Schlichte auf Fasern und/oder Filamenten besteht im niedrigen Energieeinsatz gegenüber bekannten Wärmeverfahren zum Verbrennen von Schlichte, wie beispielsweise mittels Pyrolyseöfen. Je nach Größe des Ofens kann die Leistung 50 kW bis 100 kW betragen. Die Quelle zur Erzeugung von Elektronenstrahlen kann dagegen ein Zehntel der Leistung eines Ofens benötigen. Die thermische Behandlung im Ofen ist weiterhin ein diskontinuierlicher Prozess. Nach jedem Bestücken und Öffnen des Ofens muss dieser aufgeheizt oder nachgeheizt werden. Die Verwendung einer Quelle zur Erzeugung von Elektronenstrahlen führt dagegen zu einem kontinuierlichen Ablauf. Das Gebilde kann kontinuierlich an der Quelle vorbeigeführt werden, so dass Elektronenstrahlen und damit Elektronen kontinuierlich auf die bewegte Oberfläche des Gebildes gelangen.A particular advantage of using electron beams to remove and/or damage size on fibers and/or filaments is the low energy consumption compared to known heat processes for burning size, such as pyrolysis furnaces. Depending on the size of the furnace, the power can be 50 kW to 100 kW. The source for generating electron beams, on the other hand, can require a tenth of the power of an oven. The thermal treatment in the furnace is still a discontinuous process. Each time the oven is loaded and opened, it must be heated up or reheated. On the other hand, the use of a source for generating electron beams results in a continuous process. The structure can be continuously guided past the source, so that electron beams and thus electrons continuously reach the moving surface of the structure.

Das Elektronenstrahlverfahren verursacht durch die auf die direkte Behandlungszone begrenzte Wärmeentwicklung gleichmäßigere Emissionen an gasförmigen Abprodukten der Schlichten, die während der Bewegung des Gebildes kontinuierlich abgesaugt und gefiltert werden können.Due to the heat development limited to the direct treatment zone, the electron beam process causes more uniform emissions of gaseous waste products from the coatings, which can be continuously sucked off and filtered during the movement of the structure.

Die Verwendung des Elektronenstrahlverfahrens gewährleistet eine gegenüber des Einsatzes eines Ofens einfachere, ökonomisch günstigere und umweltfreundlichere Handhabung der Entfernung und/oder Schädigung von Schlichten auf Fasern und/oder Filamenten von textilen Gebilden. Zudem ist es möglich, die Eindringtiefe und Elektronendichte pro Behandlungsfläche zu steuern und damit in Abhängigkeit individueller Materialeigenschaften eine optimale Behandlung zu erzielen.The use of the electron beam method ensures that the removal and/or damage of Sizing on fibers and/or filaments of textile structures. In addition, it is possible to control the penetration depth and electron density per treatment area and thus to achieve an optimal treatment depending on the individual material properties.

Das Gebilde als flächenförmiges textiles Gebilde oder räumliches textiles Gebilde kann insbesondere ein Gewebe, ein Gelege, ein Vliesstoff, eine Garnschar und/oder eine Filamentschar sein.The structure as a flat textile structure or three-dimensional textile structure can in particular be a woven fabric, a scrim, a non-woven fabric, a group of yarns and/or a group of filaments.

Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind in den Patentansprüchen 2 bis 7 angegeben.Advantageous developments of the invention are specified in patent claims 2 to 7.

Das Gebilde wird nach der Weiterbildung des Patentanspruchs 2 an zwei beabstandet zueinander angeordneten Quellen zur Erzeugung von Elektronenstrahlen vorbeigeführt, so dass die Elektronenstrahlen der Quellen zur Erzeugung von Elektronenstrahlen auf zwei sich gegenüberliegende Oberflächen des Gebildes gelangen.According to the development of claim 2, the structure is guided past two mutually spaced sources for generating electron beams, so that the electron beams of the sources for generating electron beams reach two opposite surfaces of the structure.

Das Gebilde befindet sich nach der Weiterbildung des Patentanspruchs 3 auf und/oder an mindestens einer angetriebenen Transportvorrichtung.According to the development of patent claim 3, the structure is located on and/or on at least one driven transport device.

Nach der Weiterbildung des Patentanspruchs 4 wird wenigstens eine der Quelle oder den Quellen zur Erzeugung von Elektronenstrahlen nachgeordnete Vorrichtung zum Absaugen von Abprodukten verwendet. Die Abprodukte können so leicht kontinuierlich und unmittelbar nach deren Entstehen entfernt werden.According to the development of patent claim 4, at least one device downstream of the source or sources for generating electron beams is used for sucking off waste products. The waste products can thus easily be removed continuously and immediately after they are formed.

Zum Entfernen und/oder Schädigen von Schlichte auf und/oder von Fasern und/oder Filamenten von flächenförmigen textilen Gebilden oder räumlichen textilen Gebilden werden nach der Weiterbildung des Patentanspruchs 5 die Quelle zur Erzeugung von Elektronenstrahlen eine Kammer mit einem Vakuum oder einem Schutzgas verwendet, wobei sich wenigstens die beaufschlagte Oberfläche des Gebildes in der Kammer mit einem Vakuum oder einem Schutzgas befinden.To remove and/or damage sizing on and/or fibers and/or filaments of flat textile structures or three-dimensional textile structures, according to the development of claim 5, the source for generating electron beams is a chamber with a vacuum or a protective gas, where at least the applied one Surface of the structure are in the chamber with a vacuum or an inert gas.

Nach der Weiterbildung des Patentanspruchs 6 wird eine Kammer mit einem Eingang und einem Ausgang für das Gebilde mit der Quelle zur Erzeugung von Elektronenstrahlen und wenigstens der die beaufschlagten Oberfläche des Gebildes verwendet, so dass das Gebilde kontinuierlich durch die Kammer transportierbar ist.According to the development of claim 6, a chamber with an inlet and an outlet for the structure with the source for generating electron beams and at least the exposed surface of the structure is used, so that the structure can be continuously transported through the chamber.

Nach der Weiterbildung des Patentanspruchs 7 wird als Gebilde ein Gewebe, ein Gelege, ein Vliesstoff, eine Garnschar und/oder eine Filamentschar verwendet.According to the development of patent claim 7, a woven fabric, a scrim, a non-woven fabric, a group of yarns and/or a group of filaments is used as the structure.

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist in den Zeichnungen jeweils prinzipiell dargestellt und wird im Folgenden näher beschrieben.An embodiment of the invention is shown in principle in the drawings and is described in more detail below.

Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
eine Einrichtung zum Entfernen und/oder Schädigen von Schlichte von Fasern und/oder Filamenten von flächenförmigen textilen Gebilden zur besseren Haftung bei der Verstärkung eines Verbundwerkstoffs in einer Seitenansicht und
Fig. 2
eine Einrichtung zum Entfernen und/oder Schädigen von Schlichte von Fasern und/oder Filamenten von flächenförmigen textilen Gebilden zur besseren Haftung bei der Verstärkung eines Verbundwerkstoffs in einer Vorderansicht.
Show it:
1
a device for removing and/or damaging sizing from fibers and/or filaments of sheet-like textile structures for better adhesion when reinforcing a composite material in a side view and
2
a device for removing and/or damaging sizing of fibers and/or filaments of sheet-like textile structures for better adhesion when reinforcing a composite material in a front view.

Im nachfolgenden Ausführungsbeispiel wird eine Verwendung von beschleunigten Elektronen wenigstens einer Quelle (2) zur Erzeugung von Elektronenstrahlen am Beispiel eines Verfahrens und einer Einrichtung zum Entfernen und/oder Schädigen von Schlichte von Fasern und/oder Filamenten von flächenförmigen textilen Gebilden zur besseren Haftung bei der Verstärkung eines Verbundwerkstoffs zusammen näher erläutert. Im Folgenden wird das flächenförmige textile Gebilde 1 nur als Gebilde 1 bezeichnet.In the following exemplary embodiment, accelerated electrons from at least one source (2) are used to generate electron beams using the example of a method and a device for removing and/or damaging sizing from fibers and/or filaments of flat textile structures for better adhesion during reinforcement of a composite material are explained in more detail together. The flat textile structure 1 is only referred to as structure 1 below.

Eine Einrichtung zum Entfernen und/oder Schädigen von Schlichte von Fasern und/oder Filamenten von Gebilde 1 zur besseren Haftung bei Verstärkung eines Verbundwerkstoffs besteht im Wesentlichen aus wenigstens einer Quelle 2 zur Erzeugung von Elektronenstrahlen als Bandstrahler zur Erzeugung eines Elektronenvorhanges.A device for removing and/or damaging size from fibers and/or filaments of structure 1 for better adhesion when reinforcing a composite material consists essentially of at least one source 2 for generating electron beams as a ribbon radiator for generating an electron curtain.

Die Fig. 1 zeigt eine Einrichtung zum Entfernen und/oder Schädigen von Schlichte von Fasern und/oder Filamenten von Gebilden 1 zur besseren Haftung bei der Verstärkung eines Verbundwerkstoffs in einer prinzipiellen Seitenansicht.the 1 shows a device for removing and/or damaging size from fibers and/or filaments of structures 1 for better adhesion when reinforcing a composite material in a basic side view.

Über und unter des bewegten Gebildes 1 sind Quellen 2 zur Erzeugung von Elektronenstrahlen als Bandstrahler zur Erzeugung eines Elektronenvorhanges beabstandet zu dem Gebilde 1 so angeordnet, dass beschleunigte Elektronen der Quellen 2 zur Erzeugung von Elektronenstrahlen auf die Oberflächen des Gebildes 1 gelangen. Das Gebilde 1 befindet sich auf und/oder an mindestens einer angetriebenen Transportvorrichtung. Das können beispielsweise angetriebene Transportrollen 3 auch in Verbindung mit Trägern sein. In Transportrichtung nach den Quellen 2 zur Erzeugung von Elektronenstrahlen ist wenigstens eine Vorrichtung 4 zum Absaugen von Abprodukten 5 nachgeordnet. Die Quellen 2 zur Erzeugung von Elektronenstrahlen, der wenigstens eine Antrieb der Transportrollen 3 und die Vorrichtung 4 zum Absaugen von Abprodukten 5 sind mit einer Steuereinrichtung 6 verbunden.Sources 2 for generating electron beams are arranged above and below the moving structure 1 as band emitters for generating an electron curtain at a distance from the structure 1 such that accelerated electrons from the sources 2 for generating electron beams reach the surfaces of the structure 1. The structure 1 is located on and/or on at least one driven transport device. This can, for example, be driven transport rollers 3, also in connection with carriers. At least one device 4 for sucking off waste products 5 is arranged downstream of the sources 2 for generating electron beams in the direction of transport. The sources 2 for generating electron beams, the at least one drive of the transport rollers 3 and the device 4 for sucking off waste products 5 are connected to a control device 6 .

Eine Quelle 2 zur Erzeugung von Elektronenstrahlen in Form eines Elektronenvorhanges ist ein bekanntes Triodensystem mit einer Kathode, einer Steuerelektrode und einer Anode in Form eines Wehnelt-Zylinders. Die Kathode und die Anode sind mit einer Hochspannungsquelle mit einer Spannung beispielsweise von gleich/größer 60 kV bis kleiner/gleich 300 kV verbunden.A source 2 for generating electron beams in the form of an electron curtain is a known triode system with a cathode, a control electrode and an anode in the form of a Wehnelt cylinder. The cathode and the anode are connected to a high-voltage source with a voltage of, for example, greater than or equal to 60 kV and less than or equal to 300 kV.

Die Fig. 2 zeigt eine Einrichtung zum Entfernen und/oder Schädigen von Schlichte von Fasern und/oder Filamenten von Gebilden 1 zur besseren Haftung bei der Verstärkung eines Verbundwerkstoffs in einer prinzipiellen Vorderansicht.the 2 Figure 1 shows a device for removing and/or damaging size from fibers and/or filaments of structures 1 for the better Adhesion in reinforcement of a composite material in a principle front view.

Wenigstens oder teilweise sind über die Breite des Gebildes 1 jeweils mehrere Quellen 2 zur Erzeugung von Elektronenstrahlen unterhalb und oberhalb des Gebildes 1 angeordnet. Die Elektronenstrahlen der Quellen 2 zur Erzeugung von Elektronenstrahlen gelangen so auf die sich gegenüberliegenden Oberflächen des Gebildes 1.A plurality of sources 2 for generating electron beams are arranged at least or partly over the width of the structure 1 below and above the structure 1 . The electron beams from the sources 2 for generating electron beams thus reach the opposite surfaces of the structure 1.

Die Quellen 2 zur Erzeugung von Elektronenstrahlen und wenigstens die beaufschlagten Oberflächen des Gebildes 1 können sich in einer Kammer mit einem Vakuum oder einem Schutzgas befinden. Die Kammer kann dazu vorteilhafterweise einen Eingang und einen Ausgang für das Gebilde 1 aufweisen, so dass dieses kontinuierlich durch die Kammer transportierbar ist.The sources 2 for generating electron beams and at least the exposed surfaces of the structure 1 can be located in a chamber with a vacuum or an inert gas. For this purpose, the chamber can advantageously have an inlet and an outlet for the structure 1, so that this can be continuously transported through the chamber.

Das Gebilde 1 kann ein Gewebe, ein Gelege, ein Vliesstoff, eine Garnschar und/oder eine Filamentschar sein.The structure 1 can be a woven fabric, a scrim, a non-woven fabric, a group of yarns and/or a group of filaments.

Claims (7)

  1. A use of accelerated electrons from at least one source (2) for generating electron beams, characterized in that accelerated electrons of at least one tube emitter for generating an electron curtain are used as a source (2) for generating electron beams for removing and/or damaging coating on and/or of fibres and/or filaments of two-dimensional textile structures (1) or three-dimensional textile structures for better adhesion in reinforcing a composite material and a matrix of the composite material, wherein the tube emitter is arranged at a distance from the two-dimensional textile structure (1) or the three-dimensional textile structure in such a way that accelerated electrons from the source (2) for generating electron beams reach the surface of the two-dimensional textile structure (1) or three-dimensional textile structure.
  2. The use according to claim 1, characterized in that two sources (2) arranged at a distance from each other are used to generate electron beams, wherein the structure (1) is passed so that the electron beams of the sources (2) reach two opposing surfaces of the structure (1) to generate electron beams.
  3. The use according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one driven transport device is used, wherein the structure (1) is located on and/or at the transport device.
  4. The use according to claim 1, characterized in that for continuous removal and for removal immediately after their formation, at least one device (4) for suctioning off waste products (5) is used, which device is placed downstream of the source(s) (2) for generating electron beams.
  5. The use according to claim 1, characterized in that, for removing and/or damaging coating on and/or of fibres and/or filaments of two-dimensional textile structures (1) or three-dimensional textile structures, the source (2) for generating electron beams and a chamber with a vacuum or an inert gas are used, wherein at least the impinged surface of the structure (1) are located in the chamber with a vacuum or an inert gas.
  6. The use according to claim 1, characterized in that a chamber with an input and an output for the structure (1) is used with the source (2) for generating electron beams and at least the surface of the structure (1) exposed to the electron beams, so that the structure (1) can be transported continuously through the chamber.
  7. The use according to claim 1, characterized in that accelerated electrons of at least one tube emitter for generating an electron curtain are used as source (2) for generating electron beams for removing and/or damaging coating on and/or of fibres and/or filaments of a two-dimensional textile structure (1) or three-dimensional textile structure as a woven fabric (1), a scrim, a nonwoven fabric, a yarn bundle, and/or a filament bundle.
EP20400001.2A 2019-01-12 2020-01-10 Method and device for removing and / or damaging coating on fibres and / or filaments Active EP3680386B1 (en)

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DE102019000251.2A DE102019000251A1 (en) 2019-01-12 2019-01-12 Method and device for removing and / or damaging size on and / or fibers and / or filaments

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EP3680386B1 true EP3680386B1 (en) 2022-07-06

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DE202022002307U1 (en) 2022-01-23 2022-11-16 Evonta-Technology Gmbh Semi-finished product with fibers in an unhardened plastic matrix, component or workpiece made from the semi-finished product and device for impinging fibers with electron beams from at least one electron surface emitter

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DE3000582A1 (en) * 1980-01-07 1981-07-09 Energy Sciences, Inc., Woburn, Mass. Durable flame retardant treatment of fabrics - by grafting with unsatd. phosphorus or halogen cpds. using electron beam irradiation
DE3132405A1 (en) * 1981-08-17 1983-03-03 Forschungsinstitut für Textiltechnologie, DDR 9010 Karl-Marx-Stadt Process and apparatus for consolidating the edge of sheet-like structures
RU2064024C1 (en) * 1993-08-30 1996-07-20 Центральный научно-исследовательский институт хлопчатобумажной промышленности Method for desizing of cellulose-containing textile material
DE19546187C2 (en) * 1995-12-11 1999-04-15 Fraunhofer Ges Forschung Process and device for plasma-assisted surface treatment
US9587349B2 (en) * 2008-04-30 2017-03-07 Xyleco, Inc. Textiles and methods and systems for producing textiles
CN207259839U (en) * 2017-09-04 2018-04-20 安徽职业技术学院 Microwave plasma aids in dacron desizing device

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