Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
  • G01S11/00—Systems for determining distance or velocity not using reflection or reradiation
  • G01S11/02—Systems for determining distance or velocity not using reflection or reradiation using radio waves
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
  • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
  • G01S13/003—Bistatic radar systems; Multistatic radar systems
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
  • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
  • G01S13/02—Systems using reflection of radio waves, e.g. primary radar systems; Analogous systems
  • G01S13/50—Systems of measurement based on relative movement of target
  • G01S13/52—Discriminating between fixed and moving objects or between objects moving at different speeds
  • G01S13/56—Discriminating between fixed and moving objects or between objects moving at different speeds for presence detection
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
  • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
  • G01S13/74—Systems using reradiation of radio waves, e.g. secondary radar systems; Analogous systems
  • G01S13/76—Systems using reradiation of radio waves, e.g. secondary radar systems; Analogous systems wherein pulse-type signals are transmitted
  • G01S13/765—Systems using reradiation of radio waves, e.g. secondary radar systems; Analogous systems wherein pulse-type signals are transmitted with exchange of information between interrogator and responder
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
  • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
  • G01S13/74—Systems using reradiation of radio waves, e.g. secondary radar systems; Analogous systems
  • G01S13/76—Systems using reradiation of radio waves, e.g. secondary radar systems; Analogous systems wherein pulse-type signals are transmitted
  • G01S13/767—Responders; Transponders
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
  • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
  • G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
  • G01S13/886—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for alarm systems
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
  • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
  • G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
  • G01S7/28—Details of pulse systems
  • G01S7/285—Receivers
  • G01S7/292—Extracting wanted echo-signals
  • G01S7/2921—Extracting wanted echo-signals based on data belonging to one radar period
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
  • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
  • G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
  • G01S7/41—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00 using analysis of echo signal for target characterisation; Target signature; Target cross-section
  • G01S7/415—Identification of targets based on measurements of movement associated with the target
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
  • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
  • G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
  • G01S7/41—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00 using analysis of echo signal for target characterisation; Target signature; Target cross-section
  • G01S7/417—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00 using analysis of echo signal for target characterisation; Target signature; Target cross-section involving the use of neural networks
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G08—SIGNALLING
  • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
  • G08B13/00—Burglar, theft or intruder alarms
  • G08B13/22—Electrical actuation
  • G08B13/24—Electrical actuation by interference with electromagnetic field distribution
  • G08B13/2491—Intrusion detection systems, i.e. where the body of an intruder causes the interference with the electromagnetic field
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
  • H04W64/00—Locating users or terminals or network equipment for network management purposes, e.g. mobility management
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
  • H04W24/00—Supervisory, monitoring or testing arrangements
  • H04W24/10—Scheduling measurement reports ; Arrangements for measurement reports
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
  • H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
  • H04W4/02—Services making use of location information
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
  • H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
  • H04W4/20—Services signaling; Auxiliary data signalling, i.e. transmitting data via a non-traffic channel
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
  • H04W84/00—Network topologies
  • H04W84/18—Self-organising networks, e.g. ad-hoc networks or sensor networks

Definitions

• the present disclosure generally relates to motion detection and localization.
• Motion detection systems have been used to detect movement, for example, of objects in a room or an outdoor area.
• infrared or optical sensors are used to detect movement of objects in the sensor's field of view.
• Motion detection systems have been used in security systems, automated control systems and other types of systems.
• FIG. 1A illustrates an example wireless communication system
• FIG. IB illustrates an example modem of a motion detector device
• FIG. 1C illustrates example communication paths defining a communication link between wireless communication devices
• FIG. 2 illustrates an example motion probe signal
• FIGS. 3A and 3B illustrate example signals communicated between wireless communication devices
• FIGS. 4A and 4B illustrate an example wireless communication system
• FIG. 5A is a table of example sequence values indicated by wireless signals transmitted and received in the wireless communication system of FIGS. 4A and 4B according to a scenario of one-hundred percent (100%] throughputs;
• FIG. 5B is a table of example sequence values indicated by motion probe signals received in the wireless communication system of FIGS. 4A and 4B according to a scenario of various throughputs;
• FIG. 5C is a table of example motion information for communication links in the wireless communication system of FIGS. 4A and 4B;
• FIG. 5D is a table of example aggregate motion indicator values and confidence factors corresponding to wireless communication devices in the wireless communication network of FIGS. 4A and 4B; and
• FIG. 6 illustrates a process of determining a location of detected motion in a space.
• the location of detected motion in a space can be determined based on motion indicator values, time factors, or a
• the location of detected motion may be determined based on motion indicator values for respective wireless
• the motion indicator value for each individual wireless communication device may represent a degree of motion detected by the individual wireless
• the location of detected motion in the space can be a likelihood that the object is near one or more of the wireless communication devices that have the highest motion indicator values.
• the location can be determined by selecting the highest motion indicator value, or selecting the motion indicator values that are greater than a threshold.
• the location of detection motion may be determined based on time factors for respective wireless communication devices or links.
• the time factors may be, or may be based on: (i] range of sequence values included in the motion probe signals used to detect motion on that communication link, (if) a set (e.g., all] of the sequence values included in the motion probe signals used to detect motion on that communication link, (iii] the minimum or maximum sequence value in the set of sequence values included in the motion probe signals used to detect motion on that communication link, or (iv] another indicator of a time period over which motion probe signals are obtained to detect motion.
• the time factor may be a weighting factor that is based on the maximum or minimum sequence values in the set of motion probe signals used to detect motion by a device or on a particular communication link between devices.
• the weighting factor may be used to weight the motion indicator value for the device or link, and the weighted motion indicator value may be used to determine the location of the detected motion.
• motion of an object may be detected based on wireless signals (e.g., radio frequency (RF] signals] received by a wireless communication device, without the need for clear line-of-sight.
• wireless signals e.g., radio frequency (RF] signals] received by a wireless communication device
• the location of the detected motion may be determined based on motion indicator values for each of multiple wireless communication devices, time factors, or both.
• FIG. 1A illustrates an example wireless communication system 100.
• the example wireless communication system 100 includes three wireless communication devices— a first wireless communication device 102A, a second wireless communication device 102B, and a third wireless communication device 102 C.
• the example wireless communication system 100 may include additional wireless communication devices and other components (e.g., additional wireless communication devices, one or more network servers, network routers, network switches, cables, or other communication links, etc.].
• the example wireless communication devices 102A, 102B, 102C can operate in a wireless network, for example, according to a wireless network standard or another type of wireless communication protocol.
• the wireless network may be configured to operate as a Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN], a Personal Area Network (PAN], a metropolitan area network (MAN], or another type of wireless network.
• WLANs include networks configured to operate according to one or more of the 802.11 family of standards developed by IEEE (e.g., Wi-Fi networks], and others.
• PANs include networks that operate according to short-range communication standards (e.g., BLUETOOTH®, Near Field Communication (NFC], ZigBee], millimeter wave communications, and others.
• the wireless communication devices 102A, 102B, 102C may be configured to communicate in a cellular network, for example, according to a cellular network standard.
• cellular networks include networks configured according to 2G standards such as Global System for Mobile (GSM] and Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE] or EGPRS; 3G standards such as Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA], Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA], Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS], and Time Division Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access (TD-SCDMA]; 4G standards such as Long-Term Evolution (LTE] and LTE -Advanced (LTE-A]; and others.
• GSM Global System for Mobile
• EDGE Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution
• EGPRS EGPRS
• CDMA Code Division Multiple Access
• WCDMA Wideband Code Division Multiple Access
• UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications System
• TD-SCDMA Time Division Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access
• 4G standards such as Long-Term Evolution (LTE]
• the wireless communication devices 102A, 102B, 102C can be, or they may include, standard wireless network components.
• the wireless communication devices 102A, 102B, 102C may be commercially- available Wi-Fi access points or another type of wireless access point (WAP] performing one or more operations as described herein that are embedded as instructions (e.g., software or firmware] on the modem of the WAP.
• WAP wireless access point
• the wireless communication devices 102A, 102B, 102C may be nodes of a wireless mesh network, such as, for example, a commercially-available mesh network system (e.g., GOOGLE WIFI].
• another type of standard or conventional Wi-Fi transmitter device may be used.
• the wireless communication devices 102A, 102B, 102C may be implemented without Wi-Fi components; for example, other types of standard or nonstandard wireless communication may be used for motion detection.
• the wireless communication devices 102A, 102B, 102C can be, or they may be part of, a dedicated motion detection system.
• the dedicated motion detection system can include a hub device and one or more beacon devices (as remote sensor devices], and the wireless communication devices 102A, 102B, 102C can be either a hub device or a beacon device in the motion detection system.
• the example wireless communication device 102C includes a modem 112, a processor 114, a memory 116, and a power unit 118; any of the wireless communication devices 102A, 102B, 102C in the wireless communication system 100 may include the same, additional or different components, and the components may be configured to operate as shown in FIG. 1A or in another manner.
• the modem 112, processor 114, memory 116, and power unit 118 of a wireless communication device are housed together in a common housing or other assembly.
• one or more of the components of a wireless communication device can be housed separately, for example, in a separate housing or other assembly.
• the example modem 112 can communicate (receive, transmit, or both] wireless signals.
• the modem 112 may be configured to communicate radio frequency (RF] signals formatted according to a wireless communication standard (e.g., Wi-Fi or Bluetooth].
• the modem 112 may be implemented as the example wireless network modem 112 shown in FIG. IB, or may be implemented in another manner, for example, with other types of components or subsystems.
• the example modem 112 includes a radio subsystem and a baseband subsystem.
• the baseband subsystem and radio subsystem can be implemented on a common chip or chipset, or they may be implemented in a card or another type of assembled device.
• the baseband subsystem can be coupled to the radio subsystem, for example, by leads, pins, wires, or other types of connections.
• FIG. IB illustrates an example modem 112 of a wireless communication device.
• a radio subsystem in the modem 112 can include one or more antennas and radio frequency circuitry.
• the radio frequency circuitry can include, for example, circuitry that filters, amplifies or otherwise conditions analog signals, circuitry that up -converts baseband signals to RF signals, circuitry that down-converts RF signals to baseband signals, etc. Such circuitry may include, for example, filters, amplifiers, mixers, a local oscillator, etc.
• the radio subsystem can be configured to communicate radio frequency wireless signals on the wireless communication channels.
• the radio subsystem may include a radio chip 113, an RF front end 115, and one or more antennas 117, as illustrated in FIG. IB.
• a radio subsystem may include additional or different components.
• the radio subsystem can be or include the radio electronics (e.g., RF front end, radio chip, or analogous components] from a conventional modem, for example, from a Wi-Fi modem, pico base station modem, etc.
• the antenna includes multiple antennas.
• a baseband subsystem in the modem 112 can include, for example, digital electronics configured to process digital baseband data.
• the baseband subsystem may include a baseband chip 111, as illustrated in FIG. IB.
• a baseband subsystem may include additional or different components.
• the baseband subsystem may include a digital signal processor (DSP] device or another type of processor device.
• the baseband system includes digital processing logic to operate the radio subsystem, to communicate wireless network traffic through the radio subsystem, to detect motion based on motion detection signals received through the radio subsystem or to perform other types of processes.
• the baseband subsystem may include one or more chips, chipsets, or other types of devices that are configured to encode signals and deliver the encoded signals to the radio subsystem for transmission, or to identify and analyze data encoded in signals from the radio subsystem (e.g., by decoding the signals according to a wireless communication standard, by processing the signals according to a motion detection process, or otherwise].
• the radio subsystem in the example modem 112 receives baseband signals from the baseband subsystem, up-converts the baseband signals to radio frequency (RF] signals, and wirelessly transmits the radio frequency signals (e.g., through an antenna].
• the radio subsystem in the example modem 112 wirelessly receives radio frequency signals (e.g., through an antenna], down- converts the radio frequency signals to baseband signals, and sends the baseband signals to the baseband subsystem.
• the signals exchanged between the radio subsystem and the baseband subsystem may be digital or analog signals.
• the baseband subsystem includes conversion circuitry (e.g., a digital-to-analog converter, an analog-to-digital converter] and exchanges analog signals with the radio subsystem.
• the radio subsystem includes conversion circuitry (e.g., a digital-to- analog converter, an analog-to-digital converter] and exchanges digital signals with the baseband subsystem.
• the baseband subsystem of the example modem 112 can communicate wireless network traffic (e.g., data packets] in the wireless
• the baseband subsystem of the modem 112 may also transmit or receive (or both] signals (e.g., motion probe signals or motion detection signals] through the radio subsystem on a dedicated wireless communication channel.
• the baseband subsystem generates motion probe signals for transmission, for example, in order to probe a space for motion.
• the baseband subsystem processes received motion detection signals (signals based on motion probe signals transmitted through the space], for example, to detect motion of an object in a space.
• the example processor 114 can execute instructions, for example, to generate output data based on data inputs.
• the instructions can include programs, codes, scripts, or other types of data stored in memory. Additionally or alternatively, the instructions can be encoded as pre-programmed or re-programmable logic circuits, logic gates, or other types of hardware or firmware components.
• the processor 114 may be or include a general purpose microprocessor, as a specialized co-processor or another type of data processing apparatus. In some cases, the processor 114 performs high level operation of the wireless communication device 102 C.
• the processor 114 may be configured to execute or interpret software, scripts, programs, functions, executables, or other instructions stored in the memory 116. In some implementations, the processor 114 may be included in the modem 112.
• the example memory 116 can include computer-readable storage media, for example, a volatile memory device, a non-volatile memory device, or both.
• the memory 116 can include one or more read-only memory devices, random-access memory devices, buffer memory devices, or a combination of these and other types of memory devices.
• one or more components of the memory can be integrated or otherwise associated with another component of the wireless communication device 102C.
• the memory 116 may store instructions that are executable by the processor 114.
• the instructions may include instructions for determining a location of detected motion, such as through one or more of the operations of the example process 600 of FIG. 6.
• the example power unit 118 provides power to the other components of the wireless communication device 102C.
• the other components may operate based on electrical power provided by the power unit 118 through a voltage bus or other connection.
• the power unit 118 includes a battery or a battery system, for example, a rechargeable battery.
• the power unit 118 includes an adapter (e.g., an AC adapter] that receives an external power signal (from an external source] and coverts the external power signal to an internal power signal conditioned for a component of the wireless communication device 102C.
• the power unit 118 may include other components or operate in another manner.
• the wireless communication devices 102A, 102B transmit wireless signals (e.g., according to a wireless network standard, a motion detection protocol, or otherwise].
• wireless communication devices 102A, 102B may broadcast wireless signals (e.g., reference signals, beacon signals, status signals, etc.], or they may send wireless signals addressed to other devices (e.g., a user equipment, a client device, a server, etc.], and the other devices (not shown] as well as the wireless communication device 102 C may receive the wireless signals transmitted by the wireless communication devices 102A, 102B.
• the wireless signals transmitted by the wireless communication devices 102A, 102B are repeated
• the wireless communication device 102C processes the wireless signals from the wireless communication devices 102A, 102B to detect motion of an object in a space accessed by the wireless signals, to determine a location of the detected motion, or both.
• the wireless communication device 102C may perform one or more operations of the example process 600 of FIG. 6, or another type of process for detecting motion or determining a location of detected motion.
• the space accessed by the wireless signals can be an indoor or outdoor space, which may include, for example, one or more fully or partially enclosed areas, an open area without enclosure, etc.
• the space can be or can include an interior of a room, multiple rooms, a building, or the like.
• the wireless communication system 100 can be modified, for instance, such that the wireless communication device 102C can transmit wireless signals and the wireless communication devices 102A, 102B can processes the wireless signals from the wireless communication device 102 C to detect motion or determine a location of detected motion.
• the wireless signals used for motion detection can include, for example, a beacon signal (e.g., Bluetooth Beacons, Wi-Fi Beacons, other wireless beacon signals], another standard signal generated for other purposes according to a wireless network standard, or non-standard signals (e.g., random signals, reference signals, etc.] generated for motion detection or other purposes.
• the wireless signals propagate through an object (e.g., a wall] before or after interacting with a moving object, which may allow the moving object's movement to be detected without an optical line-of-sight between the moving object and the transmission or receiving hardware.
• the third wireless communication device 102 C may generate motion detection data.
• the third wireless communication device 102 C may generate motion detection data.
• communication device 102 C may communicate the motion detection data to another device or system, such as a security system, that may include a control center for monitoring movement within a space, such as a room, building, outdoor area, etc.
• a security system such as a security system
• a control center for monitoring movement within a space, such as a room, building, outdoor area, etc.
• the wireless communication devices 102A, 102B can be modified to transmit motion probe signals (which may include, e.g., a reference signal, beacon signal, or another signal used to probe a space for motion] on a separate wireless communication channel (e.g., a frequency channel or coded channel] from wireless network traffic signals.
• motion probe signals which may include, e.g., a reference signal, beacon signal, or another signal used to probe a space for motion
• a separate wireless communication channel e.g., a frequency channel or coded channel
• the modulation applied to the payload of a motion probe signal and the type of data or data structure in the payload may be known by the third wireless communication device 102C, which may reduce the amount of processing that the third wireless communication device 102C performs for motion sensing.
• the header may include additional information such as, for example, an indication of whether motion was detected by another device in the communication system 100, an indication of the modulation type, an identification of the device transmitting the signal, etc.
• the wireless communication system 100 is a wireless mesh network, with wireless communication links between each of the respective wireless communication devices 102.
• the wireless communication link between the third wireless communication device 102C and the first wireless communication device 102A can be used to probe a first motion detection field 11 OA
• the wireless communication link between the third wireless communication device 102C and the second wireless communication device 102B can be used to probe a second motion detection field 110B
• the wireless communication link between the first wireless communication device 102A and the second wireless communication device 102B can be used to probe a third motion detection field HOC.
• each wireless communication device 102 detects motion in the motion detection fields 110 accessed by that device by processing received signals that are based on wireless signals transmitted by the wireless communication devices 102 through the motion detection fields 110. For example, when the person 106 shown in FIG. 1A moves in the first motion detection field 110A and the third motion detection field HOC, the wireless communication devices 102 may detect the motion based on signals they received that are based on wireless signals transmitted through the respective motion detection fields 110. For instance, the first wireless communication device 102A can detect motion of the person in both motion detection fields 110A, HOC, the second wireless communication device 102B can detect motion of the person 106 in the motion detection field HOC, and the third wireless communication device 102C can detect motion of the person 106 in the motion detection field HOA.
• the motion detection fields 110 can include, for example, air, solid materials, liquids, or another medium through which wireless electromagnetic signals may propagate.
• the first motion detection field 11 OA provides a wireless communication channel between the first wireless communication device 102 A and the third wireless communication device 102 C
• the second motion detection field 11 OB provides a wireless communication channel between the second wireless communication device 102B and the third wireless communication device 102C
• the third motion detection field HOC provides a wireless communication channel between the first wireless communication device 102A and the second wireless communication device 102B.
• wireless signals transmitted on a wireless communication channel are used to detect movement of an object in a space.
• the objects can be any type of static or moveable object, and can be living or inanimate.
• the object can be a human (e.g., the person 106 shown in FIG. 1A], an animal, an inorganic object, or another device, apparatus, or assembly], an object that defines all or part of the boundary of a space (e.g., a wall, door, window, etc.], or another type of object.
• motion information from the wireless communication devices may be analyzed to determine a location of the detected motion. For example, as described further below, one of the wireless communication devices 102 (or another device communicably coupled to the devices 102] may determine that the detected motion is nearby a particular wireless communication device.
• FIG. 1C illustrates example communication paths defining a communication link between the wireless communication devices 102A and 102C of FIG. 1A.
• the first wireless communication device 102A includes first modem 112A
• the third wireless communication device 102C includes third modem 112C.
• the example wireless modems 112 A and 112C communicate with each other over multiple communication paths 121-124.
• the four communication paths 121-124 define a communication link 126 between the two wireless communication devices 102A and 102C.
• Each communication path is defined by a signal hardware path of the modem 112 A and a signal hardware path of the modem 112C.
• the communication path 121 is defined by the antenna 128A of the modem 112A and the antenna 128C of the modem 112C
• the communication path 122 is defined by the antenna 128A of the modem 112 A and the antenna 130C of the modem 112C
• the communication path 123 is defined by the antenna 13 OA of the modem 112 A and the antenna 128C of the modem 112C
• the communication path 124 is defined by the antenna 130A of the modem 112 A and the antenna 130C of the modem 112C.
• the modems 112A and 112C may communicate over the various
• the signal hardware paths include multiple antennas of the modems.
• a communication path may be defined by multiple antennas at a first modem 112 A and multiple antennas at a third modem 112C.
• each communication path is between a transmitter (e.g., one or more transmit antennas] of a first wireless communication device of the pair and a receiver (e.g., one or more receive antennas] of a second wireless communication device of the pair.
• a transmitter e.g., one or more transmit antennas] of a first wireless communication device of the pair
• a receiver e.g., one or more receive antennas] of a second wireless communication device of the pair.
• a modem 112 includes two transmitters and two receivers, which provide four communication paths per modem. In other modem configurations, a different number of transmitters and receivers could be included, such as two transmitters and four receivers, which provide eight RF communication paths.
• FIG. 2 illustrates an example motion probe signal 202.
• the example motion probe signal 202 can be transmitted, for example, in a wireless communication system in order to monitor for motion in a space.
• the motion probe signal 202 is transmitted in the form of a motion detection signal on a motion detection channel in a wireless communication network.
• the motion probe signal 202 includes a motion channel packet.
• the motion probe signal 202 can include binary data that is converted to an analog signal, up-converted to radio frequency, and wirelessly transmitted by an antenna.
• the motion probe signal 202 shown in FIG. 2 includes control data 204 and a motion data 206.
• a motion probe signal 202 may include additional or different features, and may be formatted in another manner.
• the control data 204 may include the type of control data that would be included in a conventional data packet.
• the control data 204 may include a preamble (also called a header] indicating the type of information contained in the motion probe signal 202, an identifier of a wireless device transmitting the motion probe signal 202, a MAC address of a wireless device transmitting the motion probe signal 202, a transmission power, etc.
• the motion data 206 is the payload of the motion probe signal 202.
• the motion data 206 can be or include, for example, a pseudorandom code or another type of reference signal.
• the motion data 206 can be or include, for example, a beacon signal broadcast by a wireless network system.
• the motion probe signal 202 is transmitted by a wireless device (e.g., the wireless communication device 102A shown in FIG. 1A] and received at a motion detection device (e.g., the motion detector device 102C shown in FIG. 1A].
• the control data 204 changes with each transmission, for example, to indicate the time of transmission or updated parameters.
• the motion data 206 can remain unchanged in each transmission of the motion probe signal 202.
• the motion detection device can process the received signals based on each transmission of the motion probe signal 202, and analyze the motion data 206 for changes. For instance, changes in the motion data 206 may indicate movement of an object in a space accessed by the wireless transmission of the motion probe signal 202.
• the motion data 206 can then be processed, for example, to generate a response to the detected motion.
• FIGS. 3A and 3B illustrate example signals communicated between wireless communication devices. As shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B, multiple example paths of the wireless signals transmitted from the first wireless communication device 304A are illustrated by dashed lines. Along a first signal path 316, the wireless signal is transmitted from the first wireless communication device 304A and reflected off the first wall 302A toward the second wireless communication device 304B. Along a second signal path 318, the wireless signal is transmitted from the first wireless
• the wireless signal is transmitted from the first wireless communication device 304A and reflected off the second wall 302B and the first wall 302A toward the third wireless communication device 304C.
• the wireless signal is transmitted from the first wireless communication device 304A and reflected off the second wall 302B toward the third wireless communication device 304C.
• the wireless signal is transmitted from the first wireless communication device 304A and reflected off the third wall 202C toward the second wireless communication device 304B.
• the wireless signal is transmitted from the first wireless communication device 304A and reflected off the object at the first position 314A toward the third wireless communication device 304C.
• a surface of the object moves from the first position 314A to a second position 314B in the space 300 (e.g., some distance away from the first position 314A].
• the wireless signal is transmitted from the first wireless communication device 304A and reflected off the object at the second position 314B toward the third wireless communication device 304C.
• a signal path can be added, removed, or otherwise modified due to movement of an object in a space.
• the first wireless communication device 304A can repeatedly transmit a wireless signal.
• FIG. 3A shows the wireless signal being transmitted from the first wireless communication device 304A at a first time
• FIG. 3B shows the same wireless signal being transmitted from the first wireless communication device 304A at a second, later time.
• the transmitted signal can be transmitted continuously, periodically, at random or intermittent times or the like, or a combination thereof.
• the transmitted signal can have a number of frequency components in a frequency bandwidth.
• the transmitted signal can be transmitted from the first wireless communication device 304A in an omnidirectional manner, in a directional manner or otherwise.
• the wireless signals traverse multiple respective paths in the space 300, and the signal along each path may become attenuated due to path losses, scattering, reflection, or the like and may have a phase or frequency offset.
• the signals from various paths 316, 318, 320, 322, 324A, and 324B combine at the third wireless communication device 304C and the second wireless communication device 304B to form received signals.
• the space 300 may be represented as a transfer function (e.g., a filter] in which the transmitted signal is input and the received signal is output.
• a transfer function e.g., a filter
• the attenuation or phase offset affected upon a signal in a signal path can change, and hence, the transfer function of the space 300 can change.
• the transfer function of the space 300 will also change.
• a change in the received signal can be used to detect movement of an object.
• Equation (2] an output signal r fe (t) from a path k may be described according to Equation (2]:
• n k represents an attenuation factor (or channel response; e.g., due to scattering, reflection, and path losses] for the n th frequency component along path k
• ⁇ p n k represents the phase of the signal for n th frequency component along path k
• Equation (2] Substituting Equation (2] into Equation (3] renders the following Equation (4]:
• the received signal R at a wireless communication device can then be analyzed.
• the received signal R at a wireless communication device can be transformed to the frequency domain, for example, using a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT] or another type of algorithm.
• the transformed signal can represent the received signal fi as a series of n complex values, one for each of the respective frequency components (at the n frequencies ⁇ ⁇ ).
• a complex value H n may be represented as follows in Equation (5]:
• the complex value H n for a given frequency component ⁇ ⁇ indicates a relative magnitude and phase offset of the received signal at that frequency component ⁇ ⁇ .
• the complex value H n changes due to the channel response a n k of the space changing. Accordingly, a change detected in the channel response can be indicative of movement of an object within the communication channel.
• noise, interference or other phenomena can influence the channel response detected by the receiver, and the motion detection system can reduce or isolate such influences to improve the accuracy and quality of motion detection capabilities.
• the channel response can be represented as:
• the channel response h ch for a space can be determined, for example, based on the mathematical theory of estimation. For instance, a reference signal R e f can be modified with candidate channel responses [h ch ), and then a maximum likelihood approach can be used to select the candidate channel which gives best match to the received signal ⁇ R CV d)- I n some cases, an estimated received signal ⁇ R C vd) is obtained from the convolution of the reference signal [R e f) with the candidate channel responses [h ch ), and then the channel coefficients of the channel response [h ch ) are varied to minimize the squared error of the estimated received signal ⁇ R C vd)- This can be mathematically illustrated as:
• the minimizing, or optimizing, process can utilize an adaptive filtering technique, such as Least Mean Squares (LMS], Recursive Least Squares (RLS], Batch Least Squares (BLS], etc.
• the channel response can be a Finite Impulse Response (FIR] filter, Infinite Impulse Response (IIR] filter, or the like.
• FIR Finite Impulse Response
• IIR Infinite Impulse Response
• the received signal can be considered as a convolution of the reference signal and the channel response.
• the convolution operation means that the channel coefficients possess a degree of correlation with each of the delayed replicas of the reference signal.
• the convolution operation as shown in the equation above therefore shows that the received signal appears at different delay points, each delayed replica being weighted by the channel coefficient.
• the channel response h ch for a space can be determined based on channel state information (CSI] determined by the modem or other component of the wireless communication device receiving the wireless signals.
• CSI channel state information
• a signal quality metric may be determined for received signals based on the channel response. For example, a determined channel response [h ch ) for a space may be applied to a reference signal [R e ) to yield an estimated received signal [R cvc i), which is an estimation of what the received signal should be based on the channel response (e.g., based on convolution of the reference signal [R e ) with the channel response [h ch ) as described above].
• the estimated received signal -cvd) an d the actual received signal [R cvc i) may be used to compute a signal quality metric.
• the signal quality metric is based on (e.g., is set equal to, is computed from, is representative of, etc.] a value Q that is determined by computing the dot product of the actual received signal ⁇ R CV d) an d the difference between the estimated received signal ⁇ R C vd) an d the actual received signal ⁇ R CV d) > e -g- :
• received signals may be "rejected" by a wireless
• a motion detection process may include quality criterion for signals. Received signals that do not meet the quality criterion may be rejected (e.g., discarded or ignored] and not considered in determining whether motion has occurred in the space 300. The signals may be accepted or rejected as inputs to the motion detection process based on the signal quality metric (e.g., the value Q described by Equation (9]]. For instance, in some cases, motion is detected using only a subset of received signals that have values Q above a certain threshold.
• the signal quality metric e.g., the value Q described by Equation (9]
• FIGS. 4A and 4B illustrate an example wireless communication system 400.
• the example wireless communication system 400 is a wireless mesh network that includes multiple remote sensor devices 402A, 402B, 402C, 402D, and a hub device 404, and each device can communicate wirelessly with one or more of the other devices in the system 400.
• the wireless communication system 400 can be used within the wireless communication system 100 of FIG. 1A.
• the remote sensor devices 402 and hub device 404 in FIGS. 4A and 4B can be implemented in the same or similar manner as the wireless communication devices 102A, 102B, and 102C of FIG. 1A, or the wireless communication devices 302 of FIGS. 3A and 3B.
• any one of the remote sensor devices 402 can be configured to perform operations of the hub device 404. In some instances, only one device 402 or 404 performs operations of the hub device 404 described herein.
• a beacon wireless signal 406 is transmitted by the hub device 404 (as shown in FIG. 4A], and in response to receiving the beacon wireless signal 406, each of the remote sensor devices 402 transmits a motion probe signal (the motion probe signals 408, 410, 412, 414 as shown in FIG. 4B].
• a motion probe signal the motion probe signals 408, 410, 412, 414 as shown in FIG. 4B.
• an object 416 e.g., person
• a signal path of the motion probe signals can be added, removed, or otherwise modified due to the movement as described above.
• the remote sensor devices 402 and/or the hub device 404 can monitor for these changes (e.g., by analyzing the channel response as described above] to detect the motion of the object 416 in the space, and the hub device 404 can detect a relative location of the object 416 in the space (e.g., based on motion indicator values for the remote sensor devices 402 and/or the hub device 404, as described below].
• the hub device 404 transmits an example beacon wireless signal 406 in an omnidirectional manner.
• the beacon wireless signal 406 can be transmitted in another manner (e.g., in another beam pattern, such as a non- omnidirectional pattern].
• the hub 404 can broadcast the beacon wireless signal 406.
• the propagation of the beacon wireless signal 406 across distances is illustrated by dashed-line, concentric circles.
• the remote sensor devices 402 receive the beacon wireless signal 406 and perform one or more operations based on the received beacon wireless signal 406.
• the hub 404 transmits beacons sequentially, namely, transmitting the beacon wireless signal 406 at a first time, and transmitting a subsequent beacon wireless signal a second, later time.
• the beacon wireless signals 406 transmitted by the hub device 404 may form a series of wireless signals.
• the hub device 404 can transmit beacon wireless signals 406 continuously, periodically, at random or intermittent times or the like, or a combination thereof. In certain implementations, for example, the hub device 404 repeatedly transmits the beacon wireless signal 406.
• the beacon wireless signal 406 indicates an instruction to the remote sensor devices 402 to transmit a motion probe signal.
• the beacon wireless signal 406 includes synchronization information that controls a timing of when the remote sensor devices transmit the motion probe signals 408, 410, 412, 414.
• the synchronization information can indicate an instruction to the remote sensor devices 402 to
• the synchronization information can indicate an instruction to the remote sensor devices to transmit the motion probe signals 408, 410, 412, 414 at specified intervals after receiving the beacon wireless signal 406.
• the beacon wireless signal 406 includes a sequence value.
• the hub device 404 can configure the header (e.g., control data] of the beacon wireless signal 406 to include the sequence value.
• the header of the beacon wireless signal 406 may also include an identification of the transmitting remote sensor device 402.
• the hub device 404 may send subsequent beacon wireless signals 406 with incremented or decremented sequence values. To obtain each sequence value, the hub device 404 can sequentially select a different value from a set of values, or the hub 404 can generate different values in a sequential order.
• a beacon wireless signal transmitted by the hub device 404 at a first time (to] can include sequence value 999; and at a second, later time (ti], the hub device 404 can transmit a beacon wireless signal that includes the next sequence value 1000, and so forth, as shown in FIG. 5A.
• the sequence value represents a time position of the wireless signal within the series of beacon wireless signals 406.
• the sequence values may be selected and modified in subsequent transmissions in another manner.
• FIG. 4B illustrates example wireless motion probe signals transmitted in the wireless communication system 400 of FIG. 4A.
• each remote sensor device 402 transmits a motion probe signal in response to receiving a beacon wireless signal 406 (e.g., from the hub device 404, as shown in FIG.
• the remote sensor device 402A transmits a first motion probe signal 408, the remote sensor device 402B transmits a second motion probe signal 410, the remote sensor device transmits a third motion probe signal 412, and the remote sensor device 402D transmits a fourth motion probe signal 414.
• the remote sensor devices 402 transmit the respective motion probe signals 408, 410, 412, 414 in a directional manner.
• the propagation of the motion probe signals 408, 410, 412, 414 across distances is illustrated in FIG. 4B by dashed-line, concentric circular arcs.
• the remote sensor devices may transmit the motion probe signals in another manner (e.g., in another beam pattern, such as a non-omnidirectional pattern].
• the hub device 404 transmits motion probe signals in the same manner as the remote sensor devices 402.
• the remote sensor device 402A receives the beacon wireless signal 406, and in response, performs one or more operations based on the received signal, such as, for example, updating an internal sequence value.
• the remote sensor device 402A may be configured to store an internal sequence value, and update the internal sequence value with the sequence value obtained from the most recently received beacon wireless signal 406.
• the remote sensor device 402A transmits the first motion probe signal 408 with a sequence value (e.g., in a header] that is the same as the stored internal sequence value.
• the remote sensor device 402A may also transmit the first motion probe signal 408 with an identifier indicating that the device 402A sent the signal 408.
• the other remote sensor devices 402B-402D and the hub device 404 can then receive signals based on the first motion probe signal 408 and perform one or more operations thereafter (e.g., detect motion, transmit motion information, or other operations].
• the other remote sensor devices 402B-402D may operate in the same or similar manner as described above with respect to the remote sensor device 402A, or in another manner.
• the remote sensor devices 402 and the hub device 404 can detect motion of the object 416 based on the motion probe signals transmitted by the remote sensor devices.
• the remote sensor devices may analyze changes in the channel response (e.g., as described above] to detect whether motion has occurred in the space accessed by the motion probe signals. In some instances, a specified number of signals (a "motion calculation quantity"] is used to detect whether motion has occurred. If motion is detected in the space, then a motion indicator value (MIV] is computed by the device. The MIV represents a degree of motion detected by the device based on the wireless signals transmitted or received by the device.
• the MIVs may include aggregate MIVs (representing a degree of motion detected in the aggregate by the respective device 402], link MIVs (representing a degree of motion detected on particular communication links between respective devices 402], path MIVs
• Example MIVs are discussed below with respect to FIGS. 5C-5D.
• the hub device 404 can then determine a relative location of the detected motion of the object 416 based on the MIVs (e.g., by performing one or more of the operations of the example process 600 of FIG. 6].
• the remote sensor devices 402 transmit (e.g., periodically or after motion has been detected] motion information to the hub device 404 that includes the MIVs computed by the respective remote sensor devices 402.
• the motion information may also include, in some instances, other information related to the motion detection performed by the respective remote sensor devices 402.
• the motion information may include signal quality metric values (e.g., for the device in the aggregate or for respective links between the device and other devices], sequence values of the signals used to detect the motion, or other information used by the devices 402 to detect motion.
• the hub device 404 uses the motion information from the remote sensor devices 402 and its own motion information (since the hub device 404 also detects motion based on the motion probe signals] to determine the location of the detected motion (e.g., the location of the object 416].
• the hub device 404 may weight one or more of the data in the motion information (e.g., the MIVs] before using the data to determine the location of the detected motion.
• the detection of motion, the determination of the location of the detected motion, or both can be performed by another device.
• a remote server communicably coupled to the wireless communication system 400 may receive the motion information from the devices 402, 404 (instead of the hub device 404 as described above] and may determine a location of the detected motion based on the motion information.
• FIG. 5A is a table 510 of example sequence values indicated by wireless signals transmitted and received in the wireless communication system 400 of FIGS. 4A and 4B according to a scenario of one-hundred percent (100%] throughputs.
• the hub device 404 transmits ten (10] consecutive beacon wireless signals (Beacon No. 0 through Beacon No. 9], each at one of ten (10] consecutive points in time, from a first time (to] through a tenth time (tg].
• the hub device 404 configures each of the ten (10] consecutive beacon wireless signals (Beacon No. 0 through Beacon No. 9] to include a respective sequence value obtained from a set of values ⁇ 999, 1000,
• sequence values include alphabetical characters, and the sequence values are incremented alphabetically (e.g., A through Z, AA through ZZ, and so forth].
• each remote sensor device 402 receives ten (10] consecutive beacon wireless signals (Beacon No. 0 through Beacon No. 9] and each remote sensor device 402 transmits a motion probe signal in response. More particularly, the remote sensor devices 402 configure and transmit ten (10] consecutive motion probe signals (e.g., motion probe signals 408, 410, 4121, 414] that include a respective sequence value ⁇ 999, 1000, 1007, 1008 ⁇ received via the ten (10] consecutive beacon wireless signals.
• ten (10] consecutive motion probe signals e.g., motion probe signals 408, 410, 4121, 414
• FIG. 5B is a table 520 of example sequence values indicated by motion probe signals received in the wireless communication system 400 of FIGS. 4A and 4B according to a scenario of various throughputs. More particularly, the table 520 shows the ten (10 most recently-received sequence values in motion probe signals on the respective communication links. As in the previous example, the hub device 404 configures each consecutive beacon wireless signal with a sequential sequence value incremented by an integer value of one (1]. When interference is present or a link between devices is otherwise poor (e.g., large distance between the devices], only certain beacon wireless signals are received by the remote sensor devices. Thus, only those certain sequence values received by the remote sensor devices are transmitted out in motion probe signals, and, as shown in FIG.
• the motion probe signals received on the various communication links will have varying ranges of sequence values.
• sequence values can indicate a link signal quality, and may be used, for example, to weight the MIV for the respective link.
• the link has a large range of sequence values or older sequence values relative to the other links (e.g., like Link IDs 1 and 7 in FIG. 5B]
• the signal quality may be poor and the data used to detect motion may be old (relative to the other links].
• motion detected on these links (the MIVs for the link] may be weighted down or not considered when determining a location of detected motion.
• the identification of each communication link corresponds to device identifications of the source and destination devices that communicate via that communication link.
• the remote sensor devices 402A, 402B, 402C, 402D and the hub device 404 have respective device IDs A, B, C, D, and H.
• the first communication link corresponds to source device ID A, and destination device ID H.
• the second communication link corresponds to source device ID B, and destination device ID H.
• the third communication link (Link ID 3] corresponds to source device ID C, and destination device ID H.
• the fourth communication link (Link ID 4] corresponds to source device ID D, and destination device ID H.
• the fifth communication link (Link ID 5] corresponds to source device ID B, and destination device ID A.
• the sixth communication link corresponds to source device ID
• the seventh communication link (Link ID 7] corresponds to source device ID D, and destination device ID A.
• the eighth communication link (Link ID 8] corresponds to source device ID C, and destination device ID B.
• the ninth communication link (Link ID 9] corresponds to source device ID D, and destination device ID B.
• the tenth communication link (Link ID 10] corresponds to source device ID
• FIG. 5C is a table 530 of example motion information for communication links in the wireless communication system 400 of FIGS. 4A and 4B.
• the table 530 includes link MIVs that correspond to respective communication links and indicate an amount of channel perturbation from the detected motion between the source and destination devices of the communication link. A higher MIV indicates more channel perturbation between source and destination devices of a communication link, and a lower motion value indicates less channel perturbation between the pair of source and destination devices.
• the example MIVs in the table 530 are normalized between zero (0] to one hundred (100].
• the table 530 also includes signal quality metric values for the respective communication links, and a range of sequence values of the motion probe signals used to detect motion (e.g., the data used to generate the MIV shown in the table 530].
• the table 530 may, in some implementations, include motion information for respective communication paths between the various devices.
• the signal quality metric values in the table 530 indicate a relative quality of communications on each respective communication link.
• the signal quality metric value can be based on multiple factors, including a throughput between the pair of wireless communication devices corresponding to the communication link (as indicated by the sequence range for the communication link in the table 530], a signal to noise ratio (SNR], a number of dropped packets, or a combination thereof.
• the signal quality metric is computed to be within a range of zero (0] to one hundred (100].
• the signal quality metric is based on (e.g., equal to] the value Q described above in Equation (9].
• a higher signal quality metric indicates a higher quality channel environment of the communication link. For instance, in the example shown, Link IDs 1 and 7 both have relatively low signal quality metric values of ten (10] based at least in part on the low throughput of these communication links.
• the sequence range in the table 530 indicate a time period over which motion is detected per communication link.
• the motion probe signals used to detect motion on Link ID 1 are collected over a longer period of time based on a larger span of the sequence range from 905-995 compared to the shorter sequence range from 999-1008 for Link ID 2.
• motion is detected using a specified number of data packets, so a larger sequence range indicate a longer period of time needed to gather the specified number of packets for motion detection.
• poor links such as Link ID 1
• the MIVs may be weighted based on the sequence range associated with the MIV. A corresponding weighted MIV can be generated by scaling an unweighted MIV by the determined weight.
• the hub device 404 can determine a weight based on a time factor (e.g., such as the sequence range], a signal quality metric value, or another factor. For example, the hub device 404 can select the maximum sequence value in the Sequence Range column as a temporal reference value (also referred to as "reference sequence value"] and weight the MIV based on the reference sequence value. In the example shown, the hub device 404 selects a value of 1008 as the reference sequence value, since that is the most recently-received sequence value. The hub 404 can generate a weight based on the reference sequence value in various ways.
• a binary weighting e.g., weighting values of zero (0] or one (1] are used] is applied based on whether the maximum sequence value for the communication link is within a threshold sequence range of the reference sequence value.
• the MIVs for Link IDs 1 and 7 are weighted to zero (0] because their maximum sequence value is not within 10 of the reference sequence value of 1008.
• Another weighting technique can be implemented instead of the binary technique shown. For instance, a gradual weighting method that applies a weighting factor between zero (0] and one (1] can be used.
• a communication link that has a maximum sequence value (e.g., 900] far off (e.g., outside a threshold sequence range] from the reference sequence value (1008 in the example shown] can contribute some portion of its MIV to the location determination, such as by applying a weight that is greater than zero.
• a maximum sequence value e.g., 900] far off (e.g., outside a threshold sequence range] from the reference sequence value (1008 in the example shown] can contribute some portion of its MIV to the location determination, such as by applying a weight that is greater than zero.
• a neural network is trained to determine the location of detected motion based on information provided by the hub device 404.
• the hub device 404 can provide the information in the table 530 as an input to a trained neural network, and the neural network can provide a determination of the location of the detected motion.
• the neural network can be configured to generate a weighting function through a machine -learning process, wherein input data to the neural network includes a range of sequence values and corresponding motion values.
• FIG. 5D is a table 540 of example aggregate motion indicator values and confidence factors corresponding to wireless communication devices in the wireless communication network 400 of FIGS. 4A and 4B.
• the table 540 includes confidence factors that are Peak to Average Ratios of the MIVs (with or without weighting applied].
• the motion indicator value indicates a degree of motion detected between the remote sensor device 402A [link source ) and the hub device 404 [link dest ).
• a higher aggregate MIV for a device may indicate that the detected motion is near that device, while a lower aggregate MIV may indicate that the detected motion is further away from the device.
• the hub device 404 can then compare the aggregate MIVs for the respective devices to determine a location of detected motion. For instance, in the example shown, the hub device 404 can determine that the detected motion is nearest to device ID A since that devices has the highest aggregate MIV (in both the weighted and non-weighted cases].
• the weighted MIVs may be used to determine the location of the detected motion.
• the hub device 404 determines a peak to average ratio of the aggregate MIVs (weighted or unweighted].
• the confidence factor can then be used to determine the location of the detected motion. For instance, in the example shown, the hub device 404 can determine that the detected motion is nearest device ID A since it is the device with the highest confidence factor (peak to average ratio; in both the weighted and unweighted cases]. In some cases, such as where the number of users is less than the number of remote sensor devices 402, the hub device 404 can extend the confidence factor to determine that there is motion at the corresponding devices. For example, if the wireless communication system 400 includes 5 total devices and 1 user, then the wireless communication device that has the highest peak to average ratio that is above a threshold peak to average ratio value would indicate the likelihood that the user is near the wireless communication device that has the highest confidence factor. Similarly, if wireless communication system 400 includes 5 total devices and 2 users, then the top two confidence factors above a certain value may indicate the likelihood the users are near the two devices that have the two highest confidence factors.
• the hub device 404 can perform time averaged sampling over a period of time to smooth out the aggregate MIVs of communication links based on the signal quality metric values.
• the motion information can be further aggregated into snapshots to indicate as a percentage which wireless communication device detected motion for various time periods.
• the freshness of the motion information e.g., how recently the motion probe signals were received, based on the sequence values
• the freshness of the motion information can be used to increment a counter for the determined location of the detected motion based on wireless communication device (e.g., device ID]. If, during the sample period, the freshness of the data is below a threshold (e.g., the most recent sequence value is less than a particular reference value], then the counter is not incremented. Then, over a certain time period, the sum of each device's counter can be used (e.g., as a percentage] to determine the most active wireless communication device (the device closest to the detected motion] for the time period.
• a threshold e.g., the most recent sequence
• the location of the detected motion can be indicated on user equipment (e.g., smartphone, speaker] or an electronic display device (e.g., television, monitor, screen] to display or present the determined location of an object (i.e., person].
• user equipment e.g., smartphone, speaker
• electronic display device e.g., television, monitor, screen] to display or present the determined location of an object (i.e., person].
• the location of detected motion can be presented, for example, to a user in an interface (e.g., visual, audio, audiovisual display] highlighting the device 402 or 404 where motion was last determined to occur.
• FIG. 6 illustrates a process 600 of determining a location of detected motion in a space.
• the process 600 may be implemented to determine a location of detected motion based on motion indicator values for respective devices, communication links, communication paths, or a combination thereof.
• Operations in the example process 600 may be performed by a data processing apparatus (e.g., the processor 114 of the example wireless communication device 102C in FIG. 1A] to determine the location of the detected motion based on signals received at various wireless communication devices (e.g., the hub device 404 of FIGS. 4A and 4B may determine the location of the detected motion of the object 416 based on signals received at the remote sensor devices 402 and the hub device 404].
• the example process 600 may be performed by another type of device. For instance, operations of the process 600 may be performed by a system other than the wireless communication devices that receive the signals (e.g., a computer system connected to the wireless communication system 400 of FIGS. 4A and 4B that aggregates and analyzes motion indicator values].
• the example process 600 may include additional or different operations, and the operations may be performed in the order shown or in another order.
• one or more of the operations shown in FIG. 6 are implemented as processes that include multiple operations, sub-processes or other types of routines.
• operations can be combined, performed in another order, performed in parallel, iterated, or otherwise repeated or performed another manner.
• wireless signals are transmitted through a space.
• the wireless signals may be motion probe signals configured to probe the space for motion.
• the motion probe signals may be formatted similar to the motion probe signal 202 of FIG. 2, or in another manner.
• the remote sensor devices 402 transmit motion probe signals in response to beacon wireless signals transmitted by the hub device 404.
• the beacon wireless signal includes a sequence value that indicates a point in time that the beacon wireless signal is transmitted, and the remote sensor devices include the sequence value in the motion probe signal (e.g., in the control data 204] transmitted in response to the beacon wireless signal.
• motion is detected based on the wireless signals transmitted at 602.
• Motion may be detected at one or more of the wireless communication devices that receive the signals transmitted at 602.
• each of the remote sensor devices 402 and the hub device 404 can execute a motion detection process to detect motion of the object 416.
• the motion detection process may detect motion of the object 416 based on the set of signals received by the respective wireless communication device at 602.
• the motion detection process includes a comparison of signals received over a period of time. For example, motion may be detected based on a detected change in a frequency response of the signals received at 602, or based upon a detected change in the channel response for the space (e.g., based on channel state information (CSI]].
• CSI channel state information
• motion indicator values are computed for respective communication links.
• the motion indicator values may indicate a relative degree of motion detected on the communication link.
• the motion indicator values in the fourth column of the table 530 indicate a degree of motion detected by one or both of the devices indicated in the second and third columns on the respective communication link between those devices.
• the motion indicator values may be computed based on an amount of perturbation observed in the channel response for the communication link.
• the motion indicator values are normalized.
• the motion indicator values in the table 530 of FIG. 5 C are values normalized between zero (0] and one hundred (100].
• time factors are computed for respective communication links.
• the time factors for an individual communication link may be: (i] range of sequence values included in the motion probe signals used to detect motion on that communication link, (if) a set (e.g., all] of the sequence values included in the motion probe signals used to detect motion on that communication link, (iii] the minimum or maximum sequence value in the set of sequence values included in the motion probe signals used to detect motion on that communication link, or (iv] another indicator of a time period over which motion probe signals are obtained to detect motion.
• the time factor for each communication link includes a value based on one or more of the aforementioned examples.
• the time factor may be a weighting factor that is based on the maximum or minimum sequence values in the set of motion probe signals used to detect motion.
• the motion indicator values are processed.
• the motion indicator values may be processed by a designated hub device (e.g., the hub device 404 in the example shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B], or by another system communicably coupled to the devices transmitting or sending motion probe signals.
• processing the motion indicator values for the respective communication links includes computing an aggregate motion indicator value for the wireless communication devices.
• Computing the aggregate motion indicator values may include, in some instances, computing a sum of each link motion indicator value associated with the wireless communication device. For instance, referring to the example shown in FIGS. 5C-5D, the values in the second column of table 540 include sums of the link motion indicator values shown in table 530.
• the summed link motion indicator values may be used as the aggregate motion indicator values at 612 to determine a location of detected motion in some cases.
• computing the aggregate motion indicator values includes computing a peak to average ratio of the summed link motion indicator values for each wireless communication device.
• the values in the third column of table 540 include peak to average ratios for the summed link motion indicator values shown in table 530.
• the peak to average ratios may be used as the aggregate motion indicator values at 612 to determine a location of detected motion in some cases. In some instances, the peak to average ratios may be used as confidence factors as described above.
• processing the motion indicator values for the respective communication links includes weighting (e.g., using a binary weighting, a gradual weighting, or a weighting scheme determined by a neural network] the link motion indicator values.
• the weighting is based on the time factors computed at 608. For example. The same sum and peak to average values as described above can then be computed based on the weighted motion indicator values, and the computed values can be used as the aggregate motion indicator values at 612 to determine a location of detected motion.
• a location of detected motion is determined.
• the location of the detected motion can be determined as a likelihood that the motion of an object is near one or more of the wireless communication devices.
• the location is determined based on (i] the highest aggregate motion indicator value based on unweighted link motion indicator values; (if) the highest aggregate motion indicator value based on weighted link motion indicator values; (iii] the highest confidence factor (e.g., peak to average ratio]; or (iv] confidence factors that are greater than a threshold value.
• the determined location is with respect to one of the wireless communication devices. For instance, referring to the example shown in FIGS.
• the determined location may be indicated with respect to Device ID A (e.g., "Detected motion near Device ID A”] based on Device ID A having the highest sum of link motion indicator values or highest peak to average ratio of all the devices.
• the determined location is with respect to multiple wireless communication devices. For instance, referring to the example shown in FIGS. 5C-5D, the determined location may be indicated with respect to Device IDs A and B (e.g., "Detected motion near Device IDs A and B"] based on those devices having peak to average ratios (in the weighted scenario] greater than one (1].
• the process 600 of FIG. 6 can be implemented on a per communication path basis (e.g., the communication path 121-124 in FIG. 1C]. In some instances, this may scale the number of inputs into the motion localization process described above. For example, in some implementations, the motion indicator values are computed for respective
• motion indicator values may be computed for each of the four communication paths between the respective antennas of the devices.
• the motion indicator values for the communication link may be based on the motion indicator values for the respective communication paths of the link. In some instances, the motion indicator values for the respective
• the communication paths can be weighted based on a signal quality metric value for the communication path, and the weighted values for the communication paths can be used to determine the motion indicator values for the communication link.
• the motion indicator values for the communication paths can be used in the same manner as described herein with respect to the use of motion indicator values for the communication links (e.g., the path motion indicator values may be used at 610 to compute the aggregate motion indicator values for the communication devices instead of the link motion indicator values].
• Time factors may also be computed for each respective communication path in the same manner as described above for the communication links. In some instances, the time factors may be used to compute the time factors for the respective communication links, or may be used in lieu of the time factors for the respective communication links (e.g., the path time factors may be used at 610 instead of the link time factors].
• Some of the subject matter and operations described in this specification can be implemented in digital electronic circuitry, or in computer software, firmware, or hardware, including the structures disclosed in this specification and their structural equivalents, or in combinations of one or more of them.
• Some of the subject matter described in this specification can be implemented as one or more computer programs, i.e., one or more modules of computer program instructions, encoded on a computer storage medium for execution by, or to control the operation of, data-processing apparatus.
• a computer storage medium can be, or can be included in, a computer- readable storage device, a computer-readable storage substrate, a random or serial access memory array or device, or a combination of one or more of them.
• a computer storage medium is not a propagated signal
• a computer storage medium can be a source or destination of computer program instructions encoded in an artificially generated propagated signal.
• the computer storage medium can also be, or be included in, one or more separate physical components or media (e.g., multiple CDs, disks, or other storage devices].
• data processing apparatus encompasses all kinds of apparatus, devices, and machines for processing data, including by way of example a
• the apparatus can include special purpose logic circuitry, e.g., an FPGA (field programmable gate array] or an ASIC (application specific integrated circuit].
• the apparatus can also include, in addition to hardware, code that creates an execution environment for the computer program in question, e.g., code that constitutes processor firmware, a protocol stack, a database management system, an operating system, a cross-platform runtime environment, a virtual machine, or a combination of one or more of them.
• a computer program (also known as a program, software, software application, script, or code] can be written in any form of programming language, including compiled or interpreted languages, declarative or procedural languages, and it can be deployed in any form, including as a stand-alone program or as a module, component, subroutine, object, or other unit suitable for use in a computing
• a computer program may, but need not, correspond to a file in a file system.
• a program can be stored in a portion of a file that holds other programs or data (e.g., one or more scripts stored in a markup language document], in a single file dedicated to the program, or in multiple coordinated files (e.g., files that store one or more modules, sub programs, or portions of code].
• a computer program can be deployed to be executed on one computer or on multiple computers that are located at one site or distributed across multiple sites and interconnected by a communication network.
• Some of the processes and logic flows described in this specification can be performed by one or more programmable processors executing one or more computer programs to perform actions by operating on input data and generating output.
• the processes and logic flows can also be performed by, and apparatus can also be implemented as, special purpose logic circuitry, e.g., an FPGA (field programmable gate array] or an ASIC (application specific integrated circuit].
• processors suitable for the execution of a computer program include, by way of example, both general and special purpose microprocessors, and processors of any kind of digital computer.
• a processor will receive instructions and data from a read-only memory or a random-access memory or both.
• Elements of a computer system can include a processor that performs actions in accordance with instructions, and one or more memory devices that store the instructions and data.
• a computer system may also include, or be operatively coupled to receive data from or transfer data to, or both, one or more mass storage devices for storing data, e.g., non-magnetic drives (e.g., a solid-state drive], magnetic disks, magneto optical disks, or optical disks.
• non-magnetic drives e.g., a solid-state drive
• a computer system need not have such devices.
• a computer system can be embedded in another device, e.g., a phone, a tablet computer, an electronic appliance, a mobile audio or video player, a game console, a Global Positioning System (GPS] receiver, an Internet-of-Things (IoT] device, a machine-to-machine (M2M] sensor or actuator, or a portable storage device (e.g., a universal serial bus (USB] flash drive].
• GPS Global Positioning System
• IoT Internet-of-Things
• M2M machine-to-machine
• USB universal serial bus
• Devices suitable for storing computer program instructions and data include all forms of non-volatile memory, media and memory devices, including by way of example semiconductor memory devices (e.g., EPROM, EEPROM, flash memory devices, and others], magnetic disks (e.g., internal hard disks, removable disks, and others], magneto optical disks, and CD ROM and DVD-ROM disks.
• semiconductor memory devices e.g., EPROM, EEPROM, flash memory devices, and others
• magnetic disks e.g., internal hard disks, removable disks, and others
• magneto optical disks e.g., CD ROM and DVD-ROM disks.
• the processor and the memory can be supplemented by, or incorporated in, special purpose logic circuitry.
• a computer having a display device (e.g., a monitor, or another type of display device] for displaying information to the user and a keyboard and a pointing device (e.g., a mouse, a trackball, a stylus, a touch sensitive screen, or another type of pointing device] by which the user can provide input to the computer.
• a display device e.g., a monitor, or another type of display device
• a keyboard and a pointing device e.g., a mouse, a trackball, a stylus, a touch sensitive screen, or another type of pointing device
• Other kinds of devices can be used to provide for interaction with a user as well; for example, feedback provided to the user can be any form of sensory feedback, e.g., visual feedback, auditory feedback, or tactile feedback; and input from the user can be received in any form, including acoustic, speech, or tactile input.
• a computer can interact with a user by sending documents to and receiving documents from a device that
• a computer system may include a single computing device, or multiple computers that operate in proximity or generally remote from each other and typically interact through a communication network.
• the communication network may include one or more of a local area network (“LAN”] and a wide area network (“WAN"], an internetwork (e.g., the Internet], a network comprising a satellite link, and peer-to-peer networks (e.g., ad hoc peer-to-peer networks].
• LAN local area network
• WAN wide area network
• peer-to-peer networks e.g., ad hoc peer-to-peer networks.
• a relationship of client and server may arise by virtue of computer programs running on the respective computers and having a client-server relationship to each other.
• a location of detected motion in a space is determined.
• motion of an object in a space is detected based on wireless signals communicated through the space by a wireless communication system comprising multiple wireless communication devices. Each wireless signal is transmitted and received by a respective pair of the wireless communication devices.
• Motion indicator values are computed, by operation of one or more processors, for the respective wireless communication devices.
• the motion indicator value for each individual wireless communication device represents a degree of motion detected by the individual wireless communication device based on a subset of the wireless signals transmitted or received by the individual wireless communication device.
• a location of the detected motion in the space is determined based on the motion indicator values.
• the wireless communication system may include a hub device and remote sensor devices, and the hub device may receive motion indicator values from the remote sensor devices and determine the location of the detected motion based on the received motion indicator values.
• the motion indicator values may be aggregate motion indicator values.
• Link motion indicator values are obtained for respective communication links in the wireless communication system, and the aggregate motion indicator value for each wireless communication device is computed based on the link motion indicator values for the subset of the communication links supported by the wireless communication device.
• Each communication link may be provided by a respective pair of the wireless communication devices.
• Computing the aggregate motion indicator value for a wireless communication device may include weighting the link motion indicator values for the subset of communication links based on signal quality metrics for the respective communication links.
• the wireless communication system may include a plurality of communication links, where each communication link is provided by a respective pair of the wireless communication devices, and each communication link includes multiple communication paths, with each communication path being between a first signal hardware path of a first wireless communication device of the pair and a second signal hardware path of a second wireless communication device of the pair.
• Path motion indicator values for respective communication paths in the wireless communication system may be obtained, and the aggregate motion indicator value for each wireless communication device may be computed based on the path motion indicator values for the subset of the
• Implementations of the first example may, in some cases, include one or more of the following features.
• Determining the location of the detected motion in the space may include combining signal quality metrics for the subset of communication links supported by each wireless communication device.
• the motion indicator values may be provided as inputs to a neural network, and the location of the detected motion may be determined based on an output of the neural network.
• motion of an object in a space is detected based on a series of wireless signals communicated through the space by a wireless
• Time factors are computed, by operation of one or more processors, for each respective pair of the wireless communication devices based on sequence values included in respective wireless signals transmitted and received between the pair of the wireless
• the sequence value in each wireless signal represents a time position of the wireless signal within the series.
• a location of the detected motion in the space is determined based on the time factors.
• the wireless communication system may include a hub device and remote sensor devices.
• the hub device may receive motion indicator values from the remote sensor devices and determine the location of the detected motion based on the received motion indicator values and the time factors.
• Motion indicator values may be computed for the respective wireless communication devices of the wireless communication system, where the motion indicator value for each individual wireless communication device represents a degree of motion detected by the individual wireless communication device.
• the motion indicator value may be based on a subset of the series wireless signals that are transmitted or received by the individual wireless communication device.
• the location of the detected motion may be determined based on the motion indicator values and the time factors.
• Each motion indicator value may be weighted by an associated time factor, and the location of the detected motion may be determined based on the weighted motion indicator values.
• the associated time factor may be for a same wireless communication device as the motion indicator value.
• Implementations of the second example may, in some cases, include one or more of the following features.
• Computing the time factors may include selecting a reference sequence value from among sequence values included in a set of the wireless signals received by the wireless communication devices of the wireless communication system, and computing the time factors for each communication link provided by each of the respective pairs of the wireless communication devices.
• the computing of the time factor for each communication link may be based on a determination of whether the sequence values in the wireless signals received on the communication link are within a threshold sequence range of the reference sequence value.
• the reference sequence value may be a maximum or minimum sequence value in the set of the wireless signals received by the wireless communication devices of the wireless communication system.
• Computing the time factor for each communication link may include determining whether a maximum sequence value included in a subset of the wireless signals received on the communication link is within a threshold sequence range of the reference sequence value.
• the sequence values may be provided as inputs to a neural network, and the time factors may be computed based on an output of the neural network.
• a computer-readable storage medium stores instructions that are operable when executed by a data processing apparatus to perform one or more operations of the first or second example.
• a system e.g., a wireless communication device, computer system or other type of system communicatively coupled to the wireless communication device] includes one or more data processing apparatuses and a memory storing instructions that are operable when executed by the data processing apparatus to perform one or more operations of the first or second example.
• a motion detection system includes a hub device and one or more remote sensor devices that are configured to perform one or more operations of the first or second example.

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• 2018
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