EP3678799B1 - Radial-axial ring rolling mill for rolling a ring - Google Patents

Radial-axial ring rolling mill for rolling a ring Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3678799B1
EP3678799B1 EP18762764.1A EP18762764A EP3678799B1 EP 3678799 B1 EP3678799 B1 EP 3678799B1 EP 18762764 A EP18762764 A EP 18762764A EP 3678799 B1 EP3678799 B1 EP 3678799B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
mandrel
radial
rolling
rolling mill
ring
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EP18762764.1A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3678799A1 (en
Inventor
Georg Obermaier
Jochen SCHWEIKERT
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L Schuler GmbH
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L Schuler GmbH
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B13/00—Metal-rolling stands, i.e. an assembly composed of a stand frame, rolls, and accessories
    • B21B13/08—Metal-rolling stands, i.e. an assembly composed of a stand frame, rolls, and accessories with differently-directed roll axes, e.g. for the so-called "universal" rolling process
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B31/00—Rolling stand structures; Mounting, adjusting, or interchanging rolls, roll mountings, or stand frames
    • B21B31/02—Rolling stand frames or housings; Roll mountings ; Roll chocks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21H—MAKING PARTICULAR METAL OBJECTS BY ROLLING, e.g. SCREWS, WHEELS, RINGS, BARRELS, BALLS
    • B21H1/00—Making articles shaped as bodies of revolution
    • B21H1/06—Making articles shaped as bodies of revolution rings of restricted axial length
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21H—MAKING PARTICULAR METAL OBJECTS BY ROLLING, e.g. SCREWS, WHEELS, RINGS, BARRELS, BALLS
    • B21H1/00—Making articles shaped as bodies of revolution
    • B21H1/06—Making articles shaped as bodies of revolution rings of restricted axial length
    • B21H1/12—Making articles shaped as bodies of revolution rings of restricted axial length rings for ball or roller bearings

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a radial-axial ring rolling mill for rolling a ring, with an axial rolling device and a radial rolling device, the radial rolling device having a main roller and a roller mandrel, between which the ring is deformable, the roller mandrel in its upper one Area is held on a mandrel bearing head, which is mounted so horizontally adjustable in a 1st linear adjustment device that the roller mandrel can be moved perpendicular to its longitudinal extension in the direction of the main roller and opposite to it.
  • a radial-axial ring rolling mill of the type mentioned is in the DE 10 2016 101 939 A1 and is used for rolling seamless rings from a metal blank or a ring preform.
  • the ring preform is formed from the original diameter to the desired final diameter by means of various rollers.
  • the axial rolling device serves to reshape the ring in the direction of its axis of rotation or an axis parallel to it, ie to reshape the side flanks of the ring.
  • the radial rolling device is used for reshaping the ring in a direction perpendicular thereto, ie in the direction of the radius of the ring to be formed.
  • the terms "axial” and "radial” are used accordingly in the context of this description.
  • the ring preform is placed on an essentially horizontal table and a rolling mandrel is introduced into the interior of the ring, for example from above.
  • the rolling mandrel is mounted vertically displaceably on a mandrel bearing head arranged above the table and can be lowered until the lower end of the rolling mandrel engages in a lower mandrel bearing arranged below the table.
  • the rolling mandrel In order to be able to remove the rolled ring at the end of the rolling process, the rolling mandrel must be pulled out of the rolled ring, which is done by pulling it vertically upwards relative to the mandrel bearing head by means of a mandrel lifting device.
  • the problem here is that the mandrel lifting device in its upper position protrudes relatively far upwards over the mandrel bearing head, whereby there is a risk that the mandrel lifting device, for example, by a crane with which a ring preform is inserted into the ring rolling mill or the finished ring from the Ring rolling mill is removed, damaged or bent.
  • the deformation of the ring preform in the radial direction takes place between a main roller and the rolling mandrel. To do this, it is necessary to adjust the distance between these two components. In the known radial-axial ring rolling mill, this takes place in that the mandrel bearing head carrying the mandrel lifting device can be adjusted relative to the machine frame in a horizontal linear adjustment device is led. By adjusting the mandrel bearing head by means of the horizontal linear adjustment device, the roller mandrel can be moved in the radial direction towards the main roller and in the opposite direction.
  • a radial-axial ring rolling mill is used not only for a special size of a ring to be rolled, but for different ring sizes.
  • rings are rolled that can differ significantly in terms of their axial height.
  • the rolling mandrel is subject to relatively high bending stress if the distance between the lower mandrel bearing and the upper mandrel bearing is too large.
  • the invention is based on the object of creating a radial-axial ring rolling mill for rolling a ring, in which an adaptation of the geometric relationships to the size of the ring to be rolled is possible in a structurally simple manner.
  • this object is achieved by a radial-axial ring rolling mill with the features of claim 1. It is provided that the 1st linear adjustment device is vertically adjustable together with the mandrel bearing head and the rolling mandrel as a unit by means of a second linear adjustment device so that the rolling mandrel can be pulled out of the interior of the ring and inserted into it.
  • the basic idea is that the mandrel lifting device embodied on the mandrel bearing head in the prior art can be dispensed with and that the rolling mandrel can be fixedly attached to the mandrel bearing head.
  • the rolling mandrel For vertical adjustment of the rolling mandrel it is no longer adjusted relative to the mandrel bearing head, but the rolling mandrel is adjusted vertically together with the mandrel bearing head and together with the horizontal 1st linear adjustment device of the mandrel bearing head as a unit. In this way, it is reliably avoided that an offset can develop between the mandrel bearing head and the upper mandrel bearing.
  • the 1st linear adjustment device for the horizontal adjustment of the mandrel bearing head and thus for the radial adjustment of the rolling mandrel runs horizontally or at least with a large horizontal component.
  • the mandrel bearing head is preferably firmly attached to at least one and in particular to two parallel horizontal beams.
  • the carriers can slidably pass through a guide carriage of the 1st linear adjustment device and be guided horizontally on this, preferably
  • a drive device for the adjustment movement for example a hydraulic cylinder, is arranged on the side of the guide carriage facing away from the mandrel bearing head.
  • the rolling mandrel is preferably held firmly and immovably in the mandrel bearing head. If the rolling mandrel has to be replaced, for example due to wear, the connection between the mandrel bearing head and the rolling mandrel must be released. It can be provided that the rolling mandrel is held in the mandrel bearing head by clamping and in particular by hydraulic clamping.
  • the vertical adjustment of the unit which comprises the 1st linear adjusting device and the mandrel bearing head and the rolling mandrel, is preferably carried out in that the guide carriage of the 1st linear adjusting device can be adjusted along a vertically extending path of the 2nd linear adjusting device.
  • the track can for example be formed by a vertical guide column which can be attached to the machine frame.
  • the adjustment movement is preferably carried out by means of at least one hydraulic piston-cylinder unit.
  • the guide carriage of the 1st linear adjusting device can preferably be continuously fixed or fixed on the path of the 2nd linear adjusting device.
  • the fixation takes place by means of clamping, which can be done hydraulically and / or pneumatically.
  • the upper end of the rolling mandrel is fastened in the mandrel bearing head by means of a mandrel bearing element.
  • the mandrel bearing element can be removed from the top of the mandrel bearing head.
  • a new rolling mandrel can then be reintroduced into the mandrel bearing head from above together with a new mandrel bearing element and then fixed to the mandrel bearing head.
  • the rolling mandrel can be driven in rotation about its longitudinal axis by means of a motor which is attached, for example, to the mandrel bearing head and in particular to the mandrel bearing element. By rotating the rolling mandrel, its cooling can be improved. While the radial-axial ring rolling mill is in operation, i.e. while a ring is being rolled, this motor can be switched off or switched to passive mode.
  • the guide carriage can be moved vertically upwards to such an extent that the rolling mandrel is completely moved out of the ring. In this way, the replacement of the ring or the insertion of a new ring preform is facilitated.
  • the guide carriage can be moved downward so that the effective rolling mandrel length, ie the distance between the lower mandrel bearing and the upper mandrel bearing head, is at the height of the roller to be rolled Rings adapted and can be shortened especially for rolling low rings.
  • the rolling mandrel is held at its upper end on the mandrel bearing element, which can be releasably fixed in the mandrel bearing head.
  • the removable mandrel bearing element can preferably be fixed in the mandrel bearing head by means of clamping.
  • the motor by means of which the rolling mandrel is driven in rotation, preferably drives the rolling mandrel independently of the rolling torque of the ring to be rolled.
  • the motor is designed in such a way that it can also drive the roller mandrel in the non-productive times of the operation of the radial-axial ring rolling mill, for example when changing a workpiece, in order to be able to cool the roller mandrel better during these times, for example.
  • the motor is preferably switched to passive mode during the normal rolling process.
  • the mandrel bearing element attached to the upper end of the rolling mandrel is preferably held in the mandrel bearing head in such a way that tilting and / or rolling moments can be introduced into the mandrel bearing head.
  • the vertical 2nd linear adjustment device is activated from an upper position, whereby the guide carriage together with the mandrel bearing head and the rolling mandrel is moved downwards and lowered along the path of the column until the The rolling mandrel reaches through the ring preform with its lower end and engages in the lower mandrel bearing.
  • the 1st linear adjustment device 17 is activated, whereby the mandrel bearing head with the roller mandrel is displaced relative to the guide carriage in the direction of the main roller until the ring preform R is held with a tight fit between these two components.
  • the forming process is then carried out in the usual way.
  • the Figures 1 and 2 show a radial-axial ring rolling mill 10 in a perspective side view.
  • the radial-axial ring rolling mill 10 has a base frame 23 on which an axial rolling device 11 is mounted, preferably displaceably.
  • the axial rolling device 11 has a stand 24 on which two tapered rollers 25 are mounted in the usual way.
  • a radial rolling device 12 is arranged on the base frame 23, which has a frame 26 that is firmly seated on the base frame 23.
  • the radial rolling device 12 has in the usual way a main roller 14 which is mounted rotatably about a vertical axis of rotation D 1.
  • a horizontal table 13 is provided on which an annular blank or a ring preform R can be placed, as shown in the figures.
  • a vertical column 21 is arranged, which forms a vertical linear path 22 for a second linear adjustment device 18 with which a guide carriage 20 can be adjusted vertically along the path 22 of the column 21, as it is is indicated by the double arrow S 2 .
  • the guide carriage 20 can either be fixed in fixed positions or continuously in any desired position along the path 22 on the column 21 by clamping.
  • the guide carriage 20 is part of a 1st linear adjustment device 17 and has two parallel guide bores 27 which run horizontally and are each penetrated by a rod-shaped carrier 19, the .Träger 19 being slidably mounted in the guide bores 27.
  • a common mandrel bearing head 16 is mounted on the carriers 19, which connects the carriers 19 to one another.
  • the two carriers 19 are connected via a yoke 28, with a hydraulic adjusting device 29 being arranged between the yoke 28 and the guide carriage, with which the carrier 19 and thus also the mandrel bearing head 16 horizontally in the direction the axial rolling device 11 and is adjustable in the opposite direction, as indicated by the double arrow S 1.
  • a rolling mandrel 15 which projects freely downwards in the vertical direction and which extends in the axial direction, i.e. parallel to the vertical axis of rotation of the ring preform R, is attached to the mandrel bearing head 16.
  • the carrier 19 When the guide carriage 20 is adjusted vertically along the path 22 of the column 21, the carrier 19, the mandrel bearing head 16 and the rolling mandrel 15 are also adjusted vertically at the same time, whereby the rolling mandrel 15 is introduced from above into the interior of the ring preform R and through this can be passed through.
  • the rolling mandrel 15 can also be lifted out of the interior of the ring preform R or the ring formed therefrom by lifting the guide carriage 20.
  • a lower mandrel bearing 30 is provided in the usual way, into which the rolling mandrel 15 can be threaded with its lower end, so that it is then held at both the lower and the upper end.
  • the axial rolling device is withdrawn from the ring and the 1st linear adjustment device 17 is moved so that the mandrel bearing head 16 moves away from the guide carriage 20 and thus the distance between the main roller 14 and the rolling mandrel 15 is enlarged.
  • the guide carriage 20 is raised along the path 22 of the column 21 by activating the second linear adjustment device 18, whereby the rolling mandrel 15 is lifted out of the ring so that it is now exposed and can be removed from the table 13 by means of suitable lifting devices.
  • the upper end of the rolling mandrel 15 is fastened in the mandrel bearing head 16 by means of a mandrel bearing element 31.
  • the mandrel bearing element 31 can be removed from the mandrel bearing head 16 upwards.
  • a new rolling mandrel 15, together with a new mandrel bearing element 31, can then be reintroduced into the mandrel bearing head 16 from above and then fixed on the mandrel bearing head 16.
  • mandrel bearing element 31 it is also possible to separate the mandrel bearing element 31 from the old roller mandrel 15 and attach it to a new roller mandrel 15 and then insert the mandrel bearing element 31 together with the new roller mandrel 15 into the mandrel bearing head 16 or to change the roller mandrel 15 in the machine without this To remove mandrel bearing element 31.
  • the rolling mandrel 15 can be driven in rotation by means of a motor 32 in order to cool the rolling mandrel 15, in particular during idle times of the radial-axial ring rolling mill.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Rolling Contact Bearings (AREA)
  • Reduction Rolling/Reduction Stand/Operation Of Reduction Machine (AREA)
  • Rolls And Other Rotary Bodies (AREA)
  • Winding, Rewinding, Material Storage Devices (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Radial-Axial-Ringwalzwerk zum Walzen eines Ringes, mit einer Axial-Walzvorrichtung und einer Radial-Walzvorrichtung, wobei die Radial-Walzvorrichtung eine Hauptwalze und einen Walzendorn aufweist, zwischen denen der Ring umformbar ist, wobei der Walzendorn in seinem oberen Bereich an einem Dornlagerkopf gehalten ist, der in einer 1. linearen Verstellvorrichtung so horizontal verstellbar gelagert ist, dass der Walzendorn senkrecht zu seiner Längserstreckung in Richtung zur Hauptwalze und entgegengesetzt dazu bewegbar ist.The invention relates to a radial-axial ring rolling mill for rolling a ring, with an axial rolling device and a radial rolling device, the radial rolling device having a main roller and a roller mandrel, between which the ring is deformable, the roller mandrel in its upper one Area is held on a mandrel bearing head, which is mounted so horizontally adjustable in a 1st linear adjustment device that the roller mandrel can be moved perpendicular to its longitudinal extension in the direction of the main roller and opposite to it.

Ein Radial-Axial-Ringwalzwerk der genannten Art ist in der DE 10 2016 101 939 A1 gezeigt und dient zum Walzen von nahtlosen Ringen aus einem metallenen Rohling bzw. einer Ring-Vorform. Die Ring-Vorform wird mittels verschiedener Walzen vom ursprünglichen Durchmesser auf den gewünschten Enddurchmesser umgeformt. Die Axial-Walzvorrichtung dient dabei zur Umformung des Ringes in Richtung seiner Drehachse bzw. einer dazu parallelen Achse, d.h. zur Umformung der Seitenflanken des Ringes. Die Radial-Walzvorrichtung dient zur Umformung des Ringes in einer senkrecht dazu verlaufenden Richtung, d.h. in Richtung des Radius des auszubildenden Ringes. Die Begriffe "axial" und "radial" werden im Rahmen dieser Beschreibung entsprechend verwendet.A radial-axial ring rolling mill of the type mentioned is in the DE 10 2016 101 939 A1 and is used for rolling seamless rings from a metal blank or a ring preform. The ring preform is formed from the original diameter to the desired final diameter by means of various rollers. The axial rolling device serves to reshape the ring in the direction of its axis of rotation or an axis parallel to it, ie to reshape the side flanks of the ring. The radial rolling device is used for reshaping the ring in a direction perpendicular thereto, ie in the direction of the radius of the ring to be formed. The terms "axial" and "radial" are used accordingly in the context of this description.

Bei dem bekannten Radial-Axial-Ringwalzwerk wird die Ring-Vorform auf einen im wesentlichen horizontalen Tisch aufgelegt und in den Innenraum des Ringes wird ein Walzdorn beispielsweise von oben eingeführt. Der Walzdorn ist an einen oberhalb des Tisches angeordneten Dornlagerkopf vertikal verschieblich gelagert und kann soweit abgesenkt werden, bis das untere Ende des Walzdorns in ein unterhalb des Tisches angeordnetes unteres Dornlager eingreift.In the known radial-axial ring rolling mill, the ring preform is placed on an essentially horizontal table and a rolling mandrel is introduced into the interior of the ring, for example from above. The rolling mandrel is mounted vertically displaceably on a mandrel bearing head arranged above the table and can be lowered until the lower end of the rolling mandrel engages in a lower mandrel bearing arranged below the table.

Um den gewalzten Ring am Ende des Walzvorganges entnehmen zu können, muss der Walzdorn aus dem gewalzten Ring herausgezogen werden, was dadurch geschieht, dass er relativ zum Dornlagerkopf mittels einer Dornhebeeinrichtung vertikal nach oben gezogen wird. Dabei besteht das Problem, dass die Dornhebeeinrichtung in ihrer oberen Position relativ weit nach oben über den Dornlagerkopf hervorsteht, wodurch die Gefahr besteht, dass die Dornhebeeinrichtung beispielsweise durch einen Kran, mit dem eine Ring-Vorform in das Ringwalzwerk eingesetzt oder der fertige Ring aus dem Ringwalzwerk entnommen wird, beschädigt oder verbogen wird.In order to be able to remove the rolled ring at the end of the rolling process, the rolling mandrel must be pulled out of the rolled ring, which is done by pulling it vertically upwards relative to the mandrel bearing head by means of a mandrel lifting device. The problem here is that the mandrel lifting device in its upper position protrudes relatively far upwards over the mandrel bearing head, whereby there is a risk that the mandrel lifting device, for example, by a crane with which a ring preform is inserted into the ring rolling mill or the finished ring from the Ring rolling mill is removed, damaged or bent.

Die Umformung der Ring-Vorform in radialer Richtung findet zwischen einer Hauptwalze und dem Walzdorn statt. Dazu ist es notwendig, den Abstand zwischen diesen beiden Bauteilen zu verstellen. Dies geschieht bei dem bekannten Radial-Axial-Ringwalzwerk dadurch, dass der die Dornhebeeinrichtung tragende Dornlagerkopf in einer horizontalen linearen Verstellvorrichtung relativ zum Maschinengestell verstellbar geführt ist. Durch Verstellung des Dornlagerkopfes mittels der horizontalen linearen Verstellvorrichtung kann der Walzdorn in radialer Richtung zur Hauptwalze hin und entgegengesetzt dazu bewegt werden.The deformation of the ring preform in the radial direction takes place between a main roller and the rolling mandrel. To do this, it is necessary to adjust the distance between these two components. In the known radial-axial ring rolling mill, this takes place in that the mandrel bearing head carrying the mandrel lifting device can be adjusted relative to the machine frame in a horizontal linear adjustment device is led. By adjusting the mandrel bearing head by means of the horizontal linear adjustment device, the roller mandrel can be moved in the radial direction towards the main roller and in the opposite direction.

Ein Radial-Axial-Ringwalzwerk wird nicht nur für eine spezielle Größe eines zu walzenden Ringes, sondern für verschiedene Ringgrößen verwendet. Dabei werden Ringe gewalzt, die sich in ihrer axialen Höhe deutlich unterscheiden können. Insbesondere bei relativ kleinen Ringen mit einem geringen Innendurchmesser und dadurch einem entsprechenden kleinen Walzdorndurchmesser und mit einer geringen axialen Ringhöhe kommt es zu einer relativ hohen Biegebeanspruchung des Walzdorns, wenn der Abstand zwischen dem unteren Dornlager und dem oberen Dornlager zu groß ist. Es ist bekannt, das obere Dornlager mittels der Dornhebeeinrichtung relativ zum Dornlagerkopf abzusenken, wodurch sich die Biegelänge des Walzdorns reduziert und die Biegebeanspruchung während des Umformprozesses entsprechend verringert ist. Nachteilig dabei ist jedoch, dass sich zwischen dem oberen Dornlager und dem Dornlagerkopf ein vertikaler Versatz einstellt, der zu Biegemomenten führt, die im Dornlagerkopf aufgenommen werden müssen.A radial-axial ring rolling mill is used not only for a special size of a ring to be rolled, but for different ring sizes. Here, rings are rolled that can differ significantly in terms of their axial height. In particular in the case of relatively small rings with a small inner diameter and thus a correspondingly small rolling mandrel diameter and with a low axial ring height, the rolling mandrel is subject to relatively high bending stress if the distance between the lower mandrel bearing and the upper mandrel bearing is too large. It is known to lower the upper mandrel bearing relative to the mandrel bearing head by means of the mandrel lifting device, whereby the bending length of the rolling mandrel is reduced and the bending stress is correspondingly reduced during the forming process. The disadvantage here, however, is that a vertical offset occurs between the upper mandrel bearing and the mandrel bearing head, which leads to bending moments that have to be absorbed in the mandrel bearing head.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Radial-Axial-Ringwalzwerk zum Walzen eines Ringes zu schaffen, bei dem in konstruktiv einfacher Weise eine Anpassung der geometrischen Verhältnisse an die Größe des zu walzenden Ringes möglich ist.The invention is based on the object of creating a radial-axial ring rolling mill for rolling a ring, in which an adaptation of the geometric relationships to the size of the ring to be rolled is possible in a structurally simple manner.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch ein Radial-Axial-Ringwalzwerk mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 gelöst. Dabei ist vorgesehen, dass die 1. lineare Verstellvorrichtung zusammen mit dem Dornlagerkopf und dem Walzdorn als Einheit mittels einer 2. linearen Verstellvorrichtung so vertikal verstellbar ist, dass der Walzdorn aus dem Innenraum des Rings herausziehbar und in diesen einführbar ist.According to the invention, this object is achieved by a radial-axial ring rolling mill with the features of claim 1. It is provided that the 1st linear adjustment device is vertically adjustable together with the mandrel bearing head and the rolling mandrel as a unit by means of a second linear adjustment device so that the rolling mandrel can be pulled out of the interior of the ring and inserted into it.

Erfindungsgemäß wird von der Grundüberlegung ausgegangen, dass auf die im Stand der Technik am Dornlagerkopf ausgebildete Dornhebeeinrichtung verzichtet werden kann und dass der Walzdorn fest am Dornlagerkopf angebracht werden kann. Zur vertikalen Verstellung des Walzdorns wird dieser nicht mehr relativ zum Dornlagerkopf verstellt, sondern der Walzdorn wird zusammen mit dem Dornlagerkopf und zusammen mit der horizontalen 1. linearen Verstellvorrichtung des Dornlagerkopfes als Einheit vertikal verstellt. Auf diese Weise ist zuverlässig vermieden, dass sich zwischen dem Dornlagerkopf und dem oberen Dornlager ein Versatz ausbilden kann.According to the invention, the basic idea is that the mandrel lifting device embodied on the mandrel bearing head in the prior art can be dispensed with and that the rolling mandrel can be fixedly attached to the mandrel bearing head. For vertical adjustment of the rolling mandrel it is no longer adjusted relative to the mandrel bearing head, but the rolling mandrel is adjusted vertically together with the mandrel bearing head and together with the horizontal 1st linear adjustment device of the mandrel bearing head as a unit. In this way, it is reliably avoided that an offset can develop between the mandrel bearing head and the upper mandrel bearing.

Da erfindungsgemäß keine relative Verstellung zwischen dem Walzdorn und dem Dornlagerkopf auftritt, ist auch das Problem vermieden, dass die Dornhebeeinrichtung den Dornlagerkopf nach oben weit überragt.Since, according to the invention, there is no relative adjustment between the rolling mandrel and the mandrel bearing head, the problem is also avoided that the mandrel lifting device projects upwards far beyond the mandrel bearing head.

Die 1. lineare Verstellvorrichtung für die horizontale Verstellung des Dornlagerkopfes und somit für die radiale Verstellung des Walzdorns verläuft horizontal oder zumindest mit einer großen horizontalen Komponente. In bevorzugter Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, dass der Dornlagerkopf an zumindest einem und insbesondere an zwei parallel angeordneten horizontalen Trägern vorzugsweise fest angebracht ist. Die Träger können einen Führungsschlitten der 1. linearen Verstellvorrichtung verschieblich durchgreifen und an diesem horizontal geführt sein, wobei vorzugsweise auf der dem Dornlagerkopf abgewandten Seite des Führungsschlittens eine Antriebsvorrichtung für die Verstellbewegung, beispielsweise ein Hydraulikzylinder, angeordnet ist.The 1st linear adjustment device for the horizontal adjustment of the mandrel bearing head and thus for the radial adjustment of the rolling mandrel runs horizontally or at least with a large horizontal component. In a preferred embodiment of the invention it is provided that the mandrel bearing head is preferably firmly attached to at least one and in particular to two parallel horizontal beams. The carriers can slidably pass through a guide carriage of the 1st linear adjustment device and be guided horizontally on this, preferably A drive device for the adjustment movement, for example a hydraulic cylinder, is arranged on the side of the guide carriage facing away from the mandrel bearing head.

Der Walzdorn ist vorzugsweise fest und unverschieblich in dem Dornlagerkopf gehalten. Falls der Walzdorn beispielsweise infolge Verschleißes ausgewechselt werden muss, muss die Verbindung zwischen dem Dornlagerkopf und dem Walzdorn gelöst werden. Dabei kann vorgesehen sein, dass der Walzdorn in dem Dornlagerkopf durch Klemmung und insbesondere durch eine hydraulische Klemmung gehalten ist.The rolling mandrel is preferably held firmly and immovably in the mandrel bearing head. If the rolling mandrel has to be replaced, for example due to wear, the connection between the mandrel bearing head and the rolling mandrel must be released. It can be provided that the rolling mandrel is held in the mandrel bearing head by clamping and in particular by hydraulic clamping.

Die vertikale Verstellung der Einheit, die die 1. lineare Verstellvorrichtung und den Dornlagerkopf und den Walzdorn umfasst, erfolgt vorzugsweise dadurch, dass der Führungsschlitten der 1. linearen Verstellvorrichtung längs einer sich vertikal erstreckenden Bahn der 2. linearen Verstellvorrichtung verstellbar ist. Die Bahn kann beispielsweise von einer vertikalen Führungssäule gebildet sein, die am Maschinengestell befestigt sein kann. Die Verstellbewegung erfolgt vorzugsweise mittels zumindest einer hydraulischen Kolben-Zylinder-Einheit.The vertical adjustment of the unit, which comprises the 1st linear adjusting device and the mandrel bearing head and the rolling mandrel, is preferably carried out in that the guide carriage of the 1st linear adjusting device can be adjusted along a vertically extending path of the 2nd linear adjusting device. The track can for example be formed by a vertical guide column which can be attached to the machine frame. The adjustment movement is preferably carried out by means of at least one hydraulic piston-cylinder unit.

Um die 1. lineare Verstellvorrichtung und damit auch den Dornlagerkopf und den Walzdorn in einer vorbestimmten Position zu fixieren, kann der Führungsschlitten der 1. linearen Verstellvorrichtung an der Bahn der 2. linearen Verstellvorrichtung vorzugsweise stufenlos fixiert oder festgestellt werden. Insbesondere erfolgt die Fixierung mittels Klemmung, die hydraulisch und/oder pneumatisch erfolgen kann.In order to fix the 1st linear adjusting device and thus also the mandrel bearing head and the rolling mandrel in a predetermined position, the guide carriage of the 1st linear adjusting device can preferably be continuously fixed or fixed on the path of the 2nd linear adjusting device. In particular, the fixation takes place by means of clamping, which can be done hydraulically and / or pneumatically.

Das obere Ende des Walzdorns ist in dem Dornlagerkopf mittels eines Dornlagerelementes befestigt. Zum Wechseln des Walzdorns kann das Dornlagerelement nach oben aus dem Dornlagerkopf entnommen werden. Ein neuer Walzdorn kann anschließend zusammen mit einem neuen Dornlagerelement von oben wieder in den Dornlagerkopf eingebracht und anschließend am Dornlagerkopf fixiert werden. Alternativ ist es auch möglich, das Dornlagerelement vom alten Walzdorn zu trennen und an einem neuen Walzdorn anzubringen und das Dornlagerelement dann zusammen mit dem neuen Walzdorn in den Dornlagerkopf einzusetzen.The upper end of the rolling mandrel is fastened in the mandrel bearing head by means of a mandrel bearing element. To change the rolling mandrel, the mandrel bearing element can be removed from the top of the mandrel bearing head. A new rolling mandrel can then be reintroduced into the mandrel bearing head from above together with a new mandrel bearing element and then fixed to the mandrel bearing head. Alternatively, it is also possible to separate the mandrel bearing element from the old rolling mandrel and attach it to a new rolling mandrel and then insert the mandrel bearing element together with the new rolling mandrel into the mandrel bearing head.

In so genannten Nebenzeiten des Betriebs des Radial-Axial-Ringwalzwerkes, beispielsweise bei einem Werkstückwechsel, kann der Walzdorn mittels eines Motors um seine Längsachse drehangetrieben werden, der beispielsweise an dem Dornlagerkopf und insbesondere an dem Dornlagerelement angebracht ist. Durch die Drehung des Walzdorns kann dessen Kühlung verbessert werden. Während des Betriebes des Radial-Axial-Ringwalzwerkes, d.h. während des Walzens eines Ringes, kann dieser Motor abgeschaltet oder passiv geschaltet werden.In so-called non-productive times of the operation of the radial-axial ring rolling mill, for example when changing a workpiece, the rolling mandrel can be driven in rotation about its longitudinal axis by means of a motor which is attached, for example, to the mandrel bearing head and in particular to the mandrel bearing element. By rotating the rolling mandrel, its cooling can be improved. While the radial-axial ring rolling mill is in operation, i.e. while a ring is being rolled, this motor can be switched off or switched to passive mode.

Vorzugsweise ist vorgesehen, dass der Führungsschlitten vertikal soweit nach oben verfahren werden kann, dass der Walzdorn vollständig aus dem Ring herausgefahren ist. Auf diese Weise ist das Auswechseln des Ringes bzw. des Einsetzens einer neuen Ring-Vorform erleichtert.It is preferably provided that the guide carriage can be moved vertically upwards to such an extent that the rolling mandrel is completely moved out of the ring. In this way, the replacement of the ring or the insertion of a new ring preform is facilitated.

Desweiteren ist vorgesehen, dass der Führungsschlitten soweit nach unten verfahren werden kann, dass die wirksame Walzdornlänge, d.h. der Abstand zwischen dem unteren Dornlager und dem oberen Dornlagerkopf an die Höhe des zu walzenden Rings angepasst und insbesondere zum Walzen niedriger Ringe verkürzt werden kann.Furthermore, it is provided that the guide carriage can be moved downward so that the effective rolling mandrel length, ie the distance between the lower mandrel bearing and the upper mandrel bearing head, is at the height of the roller to be rolled Rings adapted and can be shortened especially for rolling low rings.

In bevorzugter Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, dass der Walzdorn an seinem oberen Ende an dem Dornlagerelement gehalten ist, das lösbar in dem Dornlagerkopf fixierbar ist. Dabei ist das entnehmbare Dornlagerelement im Dornlagerkopf vorzugsweise mittels Klemmung fixierbar.In a preferred embodiment of the invention it is provided that the rolling mandrel is held at its upper end on the mandrel bearing element, which can be releasably fixed in the mandrel bearing head. The removable mandrel bearing element can preferably be fixed in the mandrel bearing head by means of clamping.

Der Motor, mittels dessen der Walzdorn drehangetrieben ist, treibt den Walzdorn vorzugsweise unabhängig vom Walzmoment des zu walzenden Ringes an. Dabei ist der Motor so ausgestaltet, dass er den Walzdorn auch in den Nebenzeiten des Betriebs des Radial-Axial-Ringwalzwerkes, beispielsweise bei einem Werkstückwechsel, antreiben kann, um den Walzdorn in diesen Zeiten beispielsweise besser kühlen zu können. Während des normalen Walzprozesses ist der Motor vorzugsweise passiv geschaltet.The motor, by means of which the rolling mandrel is driven in rotation, preferably drives the rolling mandrel independently of the rolling torque of the ring to be rolled. The motor is designed in such a way that it can also drive the roller mandrel in the non-productive times of the operation of the radial-axial ring rolling mill, for example when changing a workpiece, in order to be able to cool the roller mandrel better during these times, for example. The motor is preferably switched to passive mode during the normal rolling process.

Das am oberen Ende des Walzdorns angebrachte Dornlagerelement ist vorzugsweise so in dem Dornlagerkopf gehalten, dass auftretende Kipp- und/oder Walzmomente in den Dornlagerkopf eingeleitet werden können.The mandrel bearing element attached to the upper end of the rolling mandrel is preferably held in the mandrel bearing head in such a way that tilting and / or rolling moments can be introduced into the mandrel bearing head.

Zum Walzen einer in horizontaler Ausrichtung auf einem Tisch abgelegten Ring-Vorform wird die vertikale 2. lineare Verstellvorrichtung aus einer oberen Position aktiviert, wodurch der Führungsschlitten zusammen mit dem Dornlagerkopf und dem Walzdorn längs der Bahn der Säule nach unten verfahren und abgesenkt wird, bis der Walzdorn mit seinem unteren Ende die Ring-Vorform durchgreift und in das untere Dornlager eingreift. Gleichzeitig oder anschließend dazu wird die 1. lineare Verstellvorrichtung 17 aktiviert, wodurch der Dornlagerkopf mit dem Walzdorn relativ zum Führungsschlitten in Richtung der Hauptwalze verschoben wird, bis die Ring-Vorform R zwischen diesen beiden Bauteilen unter enger Passung gehalten ist. Anschließend wird der Umformvorgang in üblicher Weise durchgeführt.To roll a ring preform placed horizontally on a table, the vertical 2nd linear adjustment device is activated from an upper position, whereby the guide carriage together with the mandrel bearing head and the rolling mandrel is moved downwards and lowered along the path of the column until the The rolling mandrel reaches through the ring preform with its lower end and engages in the lower mandrel bearing. At the same time or afterwards, the 1st linear adjustment device 17 is activated, whereby the mandrel bearing head with the roller mandrel is displaced relative to the guide carriage in the direction of the main roller until the ring preform R is held with a tight fit between these two components. The forming process is then carried out in the usual way.

Weitere Einzelheiten und Merkmale der Erfindung sind aus der folgenden Beschreibung eines Ausführungsbeispiels unter Bezugnahme auf die Zeichnung ersichtlich. Es zeigen:

Fig.
1 eine perspektivische Ansicht eines Radial-Axial-Ringwalzwerkes, wobei der Walzdorn in einer nach oben aus der Ring-Vorform herausgezogenen Position angeordnet ist, und
Fig. 2
das Radial-Axial-Ringwalzwerk gemäß Figur 1, wobei der Walzdorn abgesenkt ist und die Ring-Vorform durchgreift.
Further details and features of the invention can be seen from the following description of an exemplary embodiment with reference to the drawing. Show it:
Fig.
1 is a perspective view of a radial-axial ring rolling mill, the rolling mandrel being arranged in a position pulled upward out of the ring preform, and
Fig. 2
the radial-axial ring rolling mill according to Figure 1 , wherein the rolling mandrel is lowered and the ring preform extends through.

Die Figuren 1 und 2 zeigen ein Radial-Axial-Ringwalzwerk 10 in perspektivischer Seitenansicht. Das Radial-Axial-Ringwalzwerk 10 weist ein Basisgestell 23 auf, auf dem eine Axial-Walzvorrichtung 11 vorzugsweise verschieblich montiert ist. Die Axial-Walzvorrichtung 11 besitzt ein Gerüst 24, an dem in üblicher Weise zwei Kegelwalzen 25 gelagert sind.the Figures 1 and 2 show a radial-axial ring rolling mill 10 in a perspective side view. The radial-axial ring rolling mill 10 has a base frame 23 on which an axial rolling device 11 is mounted, preferably displaceably. The axial rolling device 11 has a stand 24 on which two tapered rollers 25 are mounted in the usual way.

Mit Abstand zur Axial-Walzvorrichtung 11 ist an dem Basisgestell 23 eine Radial-Walzvorrichtung 12 angeordnet, die ein Gerüst 26 aufweist, das fest auf dem Basisgestell 23 sitzt. Die Radial-Walzvorrichtung 12 besitzt in üblicher Weise eine Hauptwalze 14, die um eine vertikale Drehachse D1 drehbar gelagert ist. Neben der Hauptwalze 14 ist ein horizontaler Tisch 13 vorgesehen, auf den ein ringförmiger Rohling oder eine Ring-Vorform R aufgelegt werden kann, wie es in den Figuren dargestellt ist.At a distance from the axial rolling device 11, a radial rolling device 12 is arranged on the base frame 23, which has a frame 26 that is firmly seated on the base frame 23. The radial rolling device 12 has in the usual way a main roller 14 which is mounted rotatably about a vertical axis of rotation D 1. Next to the main roller 14 is a horizontal table 13 is provided on which an annular blank or a ring preform R can be placed, as shown in the figures.

An dem Gerüst 26 der Radial-Walzvorrichtung 12 ist eine vertikale Säule 21 angeordnet, die eine vertikale lineare Bahn 22 für eine 2. lineare Verstellvorrichtung 18 bildet, mit der ein Führungsschlitten 20 längs der Bahn 22 der Säule 21 vertikal verstellt werden kann, wie es durch den Doppelpfeil S2 angedeutet ist.On the stand 26 of the radial rolling device 12, a vertical column 21 is arranged, which forms a vertical linear path 22 for a second linear adjustment device 18 with which a guide carriage 20 can be adjusted vertically along the path 22 of the column 21, as it is is indicated by the double arrow S 2 .

Der Führungsschlitten 20 kann entweder in festgelegten Positionen oder stufenlos in jeder gewünschten Position längs der Bahn 22 an der Säule 21 durch Klemmung fixiert werden.The guide carriage 20 can either be fixed in fixed positions or continuously in any desired position along the path 22 on the column 21 by clamping.

Der Führungsschlitten 20 ist Teil einer 1. linearen Verstellvorrichtung 17 und besitzt zwei parallel verlaufende Führungsbohrungen 27 auf, die horizontal verlaufen und von jeweils einem stangenförmigen Träger 19 durchdrungen sind, wobei die .Träger 19 verschiebbar in den Führungsbohrungen 27 gelagert sind.The guide carriage 20 is part of a 1st linear adjustment device 17 and has two parallel guide bores 27 which run horizontally and are each penetrated by a rod-shaped carrier 19, the .Träger 19 being slidably mounted in the guide bores 27.

An Ihrem gemäß Figur 1 rechten, der Axial-Walzvorrichtung 11 zugewandten Ende ist auf den Trägern 19 ein gemeinsamer Dornlagerkopf 16 montiert, der die Träger 19 miteinander verbindet.At your according to Figure 1 On the right end facing the axial rolling device 11, a common mandrel bearing head 16 is mounted on the carriers 19, which connects the carriers 19 to one another.

Auf der dem Dornlagerkopf 16 abgewandten Seite des Führungsschlittens 20 sind die beiden Träger 19 über ein Joch 28 verbunden, wobei zwischen dem Joch 28 und dem Führungsschlitten eine hydraulische Verstellvorrichtung 29 angeordnet ist, mit der die Träger 19 und somit auch der Dornlagerkopf 16 horizontal in Richtung der Axial-Walzvorrichtung 11 und entgegengesetzt dazu verstellbar ist, wie es durch den Doppelpfeil S1 angedeutet ist.On the side of the guide carriage 20 facing away from the mandrel bearing head 16, the two carriers 19 are connected via a yoke 28, with a hydraulic adjusting device 29 being arranged between the yoke 28 and the guide carriage, with which the carrier 19 and thus also the mandrel bearing head 16 horizontally in the direction the axial rolling device 11 and is adjustable in the opposite direction, as indicated by the double arrow S 1.

An dem Dornlagerkopf 16 ist ein nach unten in vertikaler Richtung frei auskragender Walzdorn 15 befestigt, der sich in axialer Richtung, d.h. parallel zur vertikalen Drehachse der Ring-Vorform R erstreckt.A rolling mandrel 15 which projects freely downwards in the vertical direction and which extends in the axial direction, i.e. parallel to the vertical axis of rotation of the ring preform R, is attached to the mandrel bearing head 16.

Wenn der Führungsschlitten 20 längs der Bahn 22 der Säule 21 vertikal verstellt wird, werden damit gleichzeitig auch die Träger 19, der Dornlagerkopf 16 und der Walzdorn 15 vertikal verstellt, wodurch der Walzdorn 15 von oben in den Innenraum der Ring-Vorform R eingeführt und durch diesen hindurchgeführt werden kann. Entsprechend kann der Walzdorn 15 auch durch Anheben des Führungsschlittens 20 aus dem Innenraum der Ring-Vorform R oder des daraus umgeformten Rings herausgehoben werden.When the guide carriage 20 is adjusted vertically along the path 22 of the column 21, the carrier 19, the mandrel bearing head 16 and the rolling mandrel 15 are also adjusted vertically at the same time, whereby the rolling mandrel 15 is introduced from above into the interior of the ring preform R and through this can be passed through. Correspondingly, the rolling mandrel 15 can also be lifted out of the interior of the ring preform R or the ring formed therefrom by lifting the guide carriage 20.

Unterhalb des Tisches 13 ist in üblicher Weise ein unteres Dornlager 30 vorgesehen, in das der Walzdorn 15 mit seinem unteren Ende eingefädelt werden kann, so dass er dann sowohl am unteren als auch am oberen Ende gehalten ist.Below the table 13, a lower mandrel bearing 30 is provided in the usual way, into which the rolling mandrel 15 can be threaded with its lower end, so that it is then held at both the lower and the upper end.

Nach Beendigung der Umformung der Ring-Vorform R zu einem Ring gewünschter Größe, wird die Axial-Walzvorrichtung wieder von dem Ring zurückgezogen und die 1. lineare Verstellvorrichtung 17 wird so verfahren, dass der Dornlagerkopf 16 sich von dem Führungsschlitten 20 entfernt und damit der Abstand zwischen der Hauptwalze 14 und dem Walzdorn 15 vergrößert wird. Gleichzeitig oder anschließend wird der Führungsschlitten 20 durch Aktivierung der 2. linearen Verstellvorrichtung 18 längs der Bahn 22 der Säule 21 angehoben, wodurch der Walzdorn 15 aus dem Ring herausgehoben wird, so dass dieser nunmehr freiliegt und mittels geeigneter Hebevorrichtungen vom Tisch 13 abgenommen werden kann.After the forming of the ring preform R into a ring of the desired size, the axial rolling device is withdrawn from the ring and the 1st linear adjustment device 17 is moved so that the mandrel bearing head 16 moves away from the guide carriage 20 and thus the distance between the main roller 14 and the rolling mandrel 15 is enlarged. Simultaneously or subsequently, the guide carriage 20 is raised along the path 22 of the column 21 by activating the second linear adjustment device 18, whereby the rolling mandrel 15 is lifted out of the ring so that it is now exposed and can be removed from the table 13 by means of suitable lifting devices.

Das obere Ende des Walzdorns 15 ist in dem Dornlagerkopf 16 mittels eines Dornlagerelementes 31 befestigt. Zum Wechseln des Walzdorns 15 kann das Dornlagerelement 31 nach oben aus dem Dornlagerkopf 16 entnommen werden. Ein neuer Walzdorn 15 kann anschließend zusammen mit einem neuen Dornlagerelement 31 von oben wieder in den Dornlagerkopf 16 eingebracht und anschließend am Dornlagerkopf 16 fixiert werden. Alternativ ist es auch möglich, das Dornlagerelement 31 vom alten Walzdorn 15 zu trennen und an einem neuen Walzdorn 15 anzubringen und das Dornlagerelement 31 dann zusammen mit dem neuen Walzdorn 15 in den Dornlagerkopf 16 einzusetzen oder den Walzdorn 15 in der Maschine zu wechseln, ohne das Dornlagerelement 31 zu entnehmen.The upper end of the rolling mandrel 15 is fastened in the mandrel bearing head 16 by means of a mandrel bearing element 31. To change the rolling mandrel 15, the mandrel bearing element 31 can be removed from the mandrel bearing head 16 upwards. A new rolling mandrel 15, together with a new mandrel bearing element 31, can then be reintroduced into the mandrel bearing head 16 from above and then fixed on the mandrel bearing head 16. Alternatively, it is also possible to separate the mandrel bearing element 31 from the old roller mandrel 15 and attach it to a new roller mandrel 15 and then insert the mandrel bearing element 31 together with the new roller mandrel 15 into the mandrel bearing head 16 or to change the roller mandrel 15 in the machine without this To remove mandrel bearing element 31.

Der Walzdorn 15 kann mittels eines Motors 32 drehangetrieben werden, um den Walzdorn 15 insbesondere in Nebenzeiten des Radial-Axial-Ringwalzwerks zu kühlen.The rolling mandrel 15 can be driven in rotation by means of a motor 32 in order to cool the rolling mandrel 15, in particular during idle times of the radial-axial ring rolling mill.

Claims (12)

  1. Radial/axial ring rolling mill for rolling a ring, having an axial rolling device (11) and a radial rolling device (12), wherein the radial rolling de-vice (12) has a main roller (14) and a roller mandrel (15), between which the ring can be shaped, wherein the roller mandrel (15) is retained in the upper region thereof on a mandrel bearing head (16) which is supported in a first linear adjustment device (17) so as to be able to be horizontally adjusted in such a manner that the roller mandrel (15) can be moved perpendicularly to the longitudinal extent thereof in the direction towards the main roller (14) and in the opposite direction thereto, characterized in that the first linear adjustment device (17) together with the mandrel bearing head (16) and the roller mandrel (15) can be adjusted as a unit by means of a second linear adjustment device (18) in a vertical manner so that the roller mandrel (15) can be pulled out of the inner space of the ring and introduced therein.
  2. Radial/axial ring rolling mill according to Claim 1, characterized in that the roller mandrel (15) is retained in a non-displaceable manner in the mandrel bearing head (16).
  3. Radial/axial ring rolling mill according to Claim 1 or Claim 2, characterized in that the roller mandrel (15) is retained in the mandrel bearing head (16) by means of clamping.
  4. Radial/axial ring rolling mill according to any one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the mandrel bearing head (16) is fitted to at least one horizontal carrier (19).
  5. Radial/axial ring rolling mill according to Claim 4, characterized in that the carrier (19) engages in a displaceable manner through a guiding carriage (20) of the first linear adjustment device (17).
  6. Radial/axial ring rolling mill according to Claim 5, characterized in that the guiding carriage (20) of the first linear adjustment device (17) can be ad-justed along a vertically extending path (22) of the second linear adjustment device.
  7. Radial/axial ring rolling mill according to Claim 6, characterized in that the guiding carriage (20) of the first linear adjustment device (17) can be fixed to the path (22) of the second linear adjustment device (18).
  8. Radial/axial ring rolling mill according to Claim 7, characterized in that the fixing is carried out by means of clamping.
  9. Radial/axial ring rolling mill according to any one of Claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the guiding carriage (20) can be displaced vertically upwards to such an extent that the roller mandrel (15) is moved completely out of the ring.
  10. Radial/axial ring rolling mill according to any one of Claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the roller mandrel (15) is retained at the upper end thereof on a mandrel bearing element (31) which can be releasably fixed in the mandrel bearing head (16).
  11. Radial/axial ring rolling mill according to Claim 10, characterized in that the mandrel bearing element (31) can be fixed in the mandrel bearing head (16) by means of clamping.
  12. Radial/axial ring rolling mill according to any one of Claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the roller mandrel (15) can be rotated by means of a motor (32) about the longitudinal axis thereof.
EP18762764.1A 2017-09-08 2018-08-22 Radial-axial ring rolling mill for rolling a ring Active EP3678799B1 (en)

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DE102017008449.1A DE102017008449A1 (en) 2017-09-08 2017-09-08 Radial-axial ring rolling mill for rolling a ring
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RU2761021C2 (en) 2021-12-02
US20200261962A1 (en) 2020-08-20
CN111093856A (en) 2020-05-01
US11077482B2 (en) 2021-08-03
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DE102017008449A1 (en) 2019-03-14
JP2020533174A (en) 2020-11-19
BR112020001899A2 (en) 2020-07-28
EP3678799A1 (en) 2020-07-15

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