EP3676408A1 - Method for heating a metal component to a target temperature and corresponding roller hearth furnace - Google Patents

Method for heating a metal component to a target temperature and corresponding roller hearth furnace

Info

Publication number
EP3676408A1
EP3676408A1 EP18765599.8A EP18765599A EP3676408A1 EP 3676408 A1 EP3676408 A1 EP 3676408A1 EP 18765599 A EP18765599 A EP 18765599A EP 3676408 A1 EP3676408 A1 EP 3676408A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
temperature
zone
heating
plateau
component
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP18765599.8A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3676408B1 (en
Inventor
Jörg Winkel
Andreas Reinartz
Frank WILDEN
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Schwartz GmbH
Original Assignee
Schwartz GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Schwartz GmbH filed Critical Schwartz GmbH
Publication of EP3676408A1 publication Critical patent/EP3676408A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3676408B1 publication Critical patent/EP3676408B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/0056—Furnaces through which the charge is moved in a horizontal straight path
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/0062—Heat-treating apparatus with a cooling or quenching zone
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
    • F27B9/06—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity heated without contact between combustion gases and charge; electrically heated
    • F27B9/10—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity heated without contact between combustion gases and charge; electrically heated heated by hot air or gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
    • F27B9/14—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment
    • F27B9/20—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment the charge moving in a substantially straight path tunnel furnace
    • F27B9/24—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment the charge moving in a substantially straight path tunnel furnace being carried by a conveyor
    • F27B9/2407—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment the charge moving in a substantially straight path tunnel furnace being carried by a conveyor the conveyor being constituted by rollers (roller hearth furnace)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D19/00—Arrangements of controlling devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D21/00—Arrangements of monitoring devices; Arrangements of safety devices
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/62—Quenching devices
    • C21D1/673—Quenching devices for die quenching

Definitions

  • the present invention is a method for heating a pre-coated metallic component in a roller hearth furnace and a corresponding roller hearth furnace.
  • the inventive method can be used in particular in a press hardness line in which a roller hearth furnace a press hardening tool is arranged downstream.
  • the steel sheet which is regularly provided in the form of a board, is first heated in an oven such as a roller hearth furnace and then cooled in a press during forming and thereby cured
  • an oven such as a roller hearth furnace
  • the steel sheet is first heated to a temperature above the AC1 temperature, the temperature at which the formation of austenite begins during a warm-up process, or even above the AC3 temperature, prior to press-hardening.
  • the temperature at which the conversion of ferrite to austenite ends in a warm-up process, heated and then formed in the press-hardening process and thereby cooled accordingly (below the Martensitstarttemperatur).
  • the corresponding metallic components are coated regularly to improve properties of the metal.
  • coatings are used as aluminum and silicon (AISi) in order to be able to dispense with a protective gas during the heat treatment process and to be able to omit a surface after-treatment after the heat treatment, or also zinc coatings, which also improve corrosion resistance.
  • AISi aluminum and silicon
  • rapid heating of the components is desirable, since in a roller hearth furnace, a short furnace length can be achieved and, on the other hand, in process planning, there is more freedom with respect to the cycle times of the press adjacent to the heating.
  • the coating can be removed during transport through the furnace of the metallic component and so carried pollution of the furnace.
  • the inventive method for heating a metallic component to a target temperature wherein the component has a pre-coating and is passed through an oven having at least four zones, each of which can be tempered to an individual zone temperature, the component successively at least by a Anrobzone , a plateau zone, a peak heating zone and an end zone, wherein the heating zone is heated to a heating temperature, the plateau zone to a plateau temperature, the peak heating zone to a peak temperature and the end zone to a target temperature, the plateau temperature being selected to be the temperature of the component in the plateau zone lying in a corridor region around a melting temperature of the precoat is characterized by the peak temperature being at least 100 K [Kelvin], preferably at least 120 K, particularly preferably at least 140 K, above the target temperature ,
  • the metallic component is preferably a metallic blank, a steel sheet or an at least partially preformed semi-finished product, preferably of steel.
  • the metallic component is preferably with or from a (hardenable) steel, for example a boron (manganese) steel, for. B. with the name 22MnB5 formed.
  • the precoating can be, for example, a (predominantly) zinc-containing coating or a (primarily) aluminum and / or silicon-containing coating, in particular a so-called aluminum / silicon (Al / Si) coating.
  • the temperature control in the individual zones preferably takes place (exclusively) by means of radiant heat, for example by at least one electrically operated heating means (which does not physically and / or electrically contact the metallic component), such as a heating loop and / or a heating wire, for example. and / or at least one (gas-heated) jet pipe.
  • the metallic component is heated by means of radiant heat and / or convection in the individual zones.
  • the individual zones are preferably defined solely by the temperature which can be set in the zone by means of corresponding heating means.
  • the corresponding zones can also be structurally defined, for example by appropriate shielding means between the zones, which at least reduce or prevent the convection between adjacent zones and / or the introduction of radiant heat from one zone into an adjacent zone.
  • the heating temperature is preferably well below the target temperature. Further preferred is an embodiment in which the heating temperature above the plateau temperature.
  • the liquefaction of the pre-coating begins.
  • formation of a (stable) oxide layer on the liquefying precoat that can at least partially absorb the shearing forces during transport of the metallic component occurs.
  • adhesion of the molten or melted precoat on the rolls and penetration into them in this region of the furnace is substantially reduced or even avoided.
  • the plateau temperature is usually well below the target temperature, in particular more than 300 K below the target temperature or even more than 350 K below the target temperature.
  • the peak temperature is preferably even 150 K above the target temperature.
  • the heating temperature, the plateau temperature, the peak temperature and / or the target temperature are dependent on the material used of the metallic component, the type and / or thickness of the pre-coating and / or on the configuration, in particular the shape and / or thickness of the metallic component, predetermined.
  • the term "tempering" in the context of this document basically means “heating”.
  • the precoating is formed of a material comprising aluminum and silicon.
  • the metallic coating can be, for example, a (predominantly) zinc-containing coating or a (predominantly) aluminum and / or silicon-containing coating, in particular a so-called aluminum / silicon (Al / Si) coating.
  • this coating serves to protect the component against scaling during the heat treatment and prevents the edge decarburization.
  • Usual layer thicknesses are in the range between 10 and 50 ⁇ [microns], preferably in the range of 20 and 40 ⁇ .
  • the heating method according to the present invention is advantageous, since this precoat is very brittle at room temperature so that flaking and thus damage to the precoat can occur quickly if heated too quickly and too large Shearing stress during transport through the oven is present.
  • the inventive method allows the rapid heating of Al / Si precoated metallic components.
  • At least one intermediate zone is formed between the plateau zone and the peak heating zone, which is tempered to an intermediate zone temperature between the temperature of the previous zone and the peak temperature.
  • the intermediate heating zone in the transport direction of the metallic component through the oven is preferably shorter than the peak heating zone, in particular has a length which is smaller than half the length of the tip heating zone, preferably less than a quarter of the length of the tip heating zone.
  • the component is guided in the Anußzone on rollers which are formed of quartz material.
  • fused silica is meant in particular a material comprising silicon dioxide (SiO 2).
  • the metallic component which is significantly cooler, usually at substantially ambient or room temperature, is introduced into the atmosphere of the furnace, which is significantly hotter, for example 500 ° C or more.
  • the atmosphere of the furnace which is significantly hotter, for example 500 ° C or more.
  • rollers which are formed of a mullitischen ceramic material.
  • Rollers made of mulltitic ceramic material are preferably used when the temperature of the atmosphere in the furnace increases, since they have a higher permissible operating temperature than Quarzgutrollen. In addition, these roles are much cheaper.
  • a roller hearth furnace for heating a metallic component having a precoating to a target temperature, in particular according to a method according to one of the preceding claims, in which the component is mounted on rollers from an access through the roller hearth furnace to an exit feasible, further comprising at least four heating means, by each of which an individual temperature in a zone around the heating means is adjustable, and a control means for individually controlling at least four of the heating means.
  • the roller hearth furnace is characterized in that the control means is suitable and determined in a manner for controlling the heating means, that at least the following zones can be formed from the access to the outlet: a heating zone which can be heated to a heating temperature, which can be heated to a plateau temperature Plateau zone, a peak heating zone which can be tempered to a peak temperature and an end zone which can be heated to a final temperature, the
  • Control means and the heating means are suitable and determined to set a plateau temperature which is in a corridor range around a melting temperature of the precoat and to set a peak temperature which is at least 100 K above the target temperature.
  • Rollers made of quartz material are preferably arranged in the heating zone.
  • Preferred are in at least one of the following zones:
  • shielding means are preferably formed between at least two adjacent zones.
  • the shielding means are preferably designed as internals between at least one part of the individual zones, which narrow the furnace cross-section in this area. This reduces the longitudinal flow between adjacent zones.
  • the shielding means heat radiation from a zone in prevent the other zone and allow for a better definition of the temperature in the respective zones.
  • a temperature control unit can be arranged which specifically cools at least one subarea of the component and at the same time keeps or increases the temperature in at least one further subarea of the component so as to set a different strength in at least one subarea.
  • a method for press-hardening a metallic component is proposed in which a metallic component heated to the target temperature according to the present invention is subjected to press-hardening in a press-hardening device.
  • the metallic component is supplied between the heating and the press-hardening of at least one tempering unit, in which the temperature of at least one partial area of the metallic component is changed.
  • Fig. 1 is a roller hearth furnace, which is operated by the method according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 shows a temperature control in the roller hearth furnace
  • Fig. 4 is an example of a temperature guide according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 shows another example of a roller hearth furnace
  • Fig. 6 shows a first example of a device for heat treatment of
  • Fig. 7 shows a second example of a device for heat treatment of
  • FIG. 1 shows schematically a roller hearth furnace 1 in which a method for heating a metallic component 2 to a target temperature 3 is performed. The corresponding temperatures are shown schematically in FIG.
  • the metallic component 2 is guided through an access 4 in the roller hearth furnace 1.
  • the metallic component 2 is guided via rollers 5 through the roller hearth furnace 1 to the output 6.
  • the metallic component 2 has an Al / Si precoating 7, which is formed on the metallic component 2 in a planar manner and mostly on both sides. it is.
  • a heating zone 9, a plateau zone 10, a top heating zone 11 and an end zone 12 adjoin the access 4.
  • the heating zone 9 is at a heating temperature 13, the plateau zone 10 at the plateau temperature 14, the peak heating zone 11 to a peak temperature 15 and the end zone 12 to the target temperature 3 tempered (heated).
  • heating means 16 are formed, which are designed here as jet pipes.
  • the individual jet pipes each comprise gas burners which burn into a closed (ceramic) tube, so that the combustion exhaust gases are not introduced into the furnace in order to prevent the hydrogen embrittlement of the metal, which may be promoted by the exhaust gases of the combustion, in particular of moist exhaust gas.
  • the individual heating means 16 are shown by way of example in their number and design. This means that in each zone 9, 10, 11, 12, a different number of heating means 16, each heating means 16 of different thickness and / or each different heating means 16 such as partially electric heating means 16 and partially jet pipes may be formed as a heating means 16.
  • the rollers 5 which may be formed in each zone 9, 10, 11, 12 in different numbers and / or at different distances and / or from different materials.
  • the heating means 16 are connected to a control means 17, by which the operation of the heating means 16 can be controlled or regulated and which is suitable and determined for the corresponding control of the heating means 16.
  • at least individual (driven) rollers 5 may be connected to the control means 17.
  • the shielding means 27 are formed, which in particular reduce or prevent longitudinal flow between adjacent zones 9, 10, 11, 12.
  • the shielding means 27 can be designed so that they radiate heat between adjacent zones 9, 10, 1 1, 12 reduce or prevent.
  • the shielding means 27 are formed in the present example as the open cross-section of the roller hearth furnace 1 reducing internals whose height can vary.
  • the rollers 5 are formed in the Anußzone 9 of a fused silica, while the rollers in the plateau zone 10, the Spitzensortzone 1 1 and the end zone 12 are formed of a ceramic material.
  • the rollers 5 in the Anußzone 9 are preferably formed of quartz material to here the thermal loads of the rollers 5 due to the large temperature difference of the (hot) rollers 5 and the (cold) metallic component 2 can accommodate.
  • the heating means 16 are regulated, for example, in such a way that a component formed from a Boron-manganese steel marketed as "Usibor 1500" or "MBW 1500 + AS", which has an Al / Si precoating 7, in the heating zone 9
  • Anußtemperatur 13 a temperature of about 840 to 860 ° C, in particular of 850 ° C, as the plateau temperature 14 in the Plateauzone 10 a temperature of about 630 ° C to 670 ° C, in particular of 650 ° C with a corridor range of +/- 20 ° C around the melting temperature of the pre-coating 7, as a peak temperature in the tip heating zone 1 1 a temperature of about 1080 to 1120 ° C, in particular of 1100 ° C and as target temperature 3 in the end zone 12 a temperature of 870 to 940th ° C is set.
  • FIG. 3 shows a temperature curve assumed to be known, in which the zone temperature 18 and the component temperature 19 are plotted. Again, several zones are formed.
  • the (cold) metallic component 2 first passes through a heating zone with a heating zone temperature 13, then a plateau zone with a plateau temperature 14 and then an end zone with a target temperature 3.
  • the component temperature 19 follows a curve from a starting temperature to the target temperature 3.
  • 4 shows an example of a temperature profile with zone temperature 18 and component temperature 19 according to the method proposed here.
  • the zone temperature also shows peak heating zone 11. If component temperature 19 in this example is compared with component temperature 19, as shown in FIG. 3, then it can be seen that the component temperature 19 in the method proposed here faster reaches the target temperature 3 than in the known as known method as shown in Fig. 3.
  • FIG. 4 and 5 which shows a further embodiment of a roller hearth furnace 1, further show the formation of intermediate zones.
  • a first intermediate zone 20 is formed whose first intermediate zone temperature 21 lies between the heating temperature 13 and the plateau temperature 14.
  • the zone temperature 18 in FIG. 4 shows two second intermediate zones 22 between the plateau zone 10 and the peak heating zone 11, which have two second intermediate zone temperatures 23.
  • FIG. 6 shows a device 24 for heat treatment of a metallic component 2 with a roller hearth furnace 1 and a press hardening unit 25.
  • the target temperature 3 it is possible to select the target temperature 3 to be at or above the AC1 temperature (that is, the temperature at which the formation of austenite starts in a warm-up operation), or even above the AC3 temperature (the temperature at which the conversion of Ferrite in austenite ends in a warm-up process) of the corresponding material of the metallic component 2, that during subsequent press-hardening at least a proportion of martensite is formed in the metallic component.
  • the AC1 temperature that is, the temperature at which the formation of austenite starts in a warm-up operation
  • the AC3 temperature the temperature at which the conversion of Ferrite in austenite ends in a warm-up process
  • At least one tempering unit 26 is formed between the roller hearth furnace 1 and the press hardening unit 25 (see FIG. 7), which makes it possible to temper areas of the metallic component 2 differently, in particular to heat partial areas, after the (uniform) heating of the metallic component 2 in the roller hearth furnace 1 and cool other sections.
  • a process management can be selected in which the target temperature 3 is selected so that it is below the AC3 or even ACl temperature and then in a following temperature control unit 26 in at least a portion of the metallic component 2, the temperature on the ACl - or AC3 temperature is increased, while the temperature is left in at least one other portion of the metallic component 2 below the ACl or AC3 temperature.
  • metallic components 2 can be produced which have areas of different microstructures or strengths after press hardening.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Heat Treatments In General, Especially Conveying And Cooling (AREA)
  • Tunnel Furnaces (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Strip Materials And Filament Materials (AREA)
  • Control Of Heat Treatment Processes (AREA)
  • Coating With Molten Metal (AREA)

Abstract

The method for heating a metal component (2) to a target temperature (3), in which the component (2) has a preliminary coating (7) and is passed through a furnace (1) that has at least four zones (9, 10, 11, 12), which can be respectively adjusted to an individual zone temperature (13, 14, 15, 3), wherein the component (2) is passed successively through at least an initial heating zone (9), a plateau zone (10), a peak heating zone (11) and an end zone (12) and wherein the initial heating zone (9) is adjusted to an initial heating temperature (13), the plateau zone (10) is adjusted to a plateau temperature (14), the peak heating zone (11) is adjusted to a peak temperature (15) and the end zone (12) is adjusted to the target temperature (3), the plateau temperature (14) being chosen such that the temperature of the component (2) in the plateau zone (10) lies in a band around a melting temperature of the preliminary coating (7), is characterized in that the peak temperature (15) lies at least 100 K [kelvins] above the target temperature (3).

Description

Verfahren zum Erwärmen eines metallischen Bauteils  Method for heating a metallic component
auf eine Zieltemperatur und entsprechender Rollenherdofen  to a target temperature and appropriate roller hearth furnace
Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung ist ein Verfahren zum Erwärmen eines vorbeschichteten metallischen Bauteils in einem Rollenherdofen und ein entsprechender Rollenherdofen. Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren kann insbesondere in einer Presshärte linie zur Anwendung kommen, in der einem Rollenherdofen ein Presshärtewerkzeug nachgeordnet ist. The present invention is a method for heating a pre-coated metallic component in a roller hearth furnace and a corresponding roller hearth furnace. The inventive method can be used in particular in a press hardness line in which a roller hearth furnace a press hardening tool is arranged downstream.
Zur Herstellung sicherheitsrelevanter Fahrzeug-Karosseriebauteile aus Stahlblech ist es regelmäßig erforderlich, das Stahlblech während oder nach der Umformung zu dem Karosseriebauteil zu härten. Hierzu hat sich ein Wärmebehandlungsverfahren etabliert, das als„Presshärten" bezeichnet wird. Dabei wird das Stahlblech, das regelmäßig in der Form einer Platine bereitgestellt wird, zunächst in einem Ofen wie einem Rollenherdofen aufgeheizt und anschließend während der Umformung in einer Presse abgekühlt und dadurch gehärtet. Um hier beispielsweise ein (überwiegend) martensitisches Gefüge einzustellen, wird das Stahlblech zunächst vor dem Presshärten auf eine Temperatur oberhalb der AC1 -Temperatur, der Temperatur, bei der die Bildung von Austenit bei einem Aufwärmvorgang beginnt, oder sogar oberhalb der AC3 -Temperatur, der Temperatur, bei der die Umwandlung von Ferrit in Austenit bei einem Aufwärmvorgang endet, erwärmt und dann im Presshärtevorgang geformt und dabei entsprechend (unter die Mar- tensitstarttemperatur) abgekühlt. For the manufacture of safety-related vehicle body parts made of sheet steel, it is regularly necessary to harden the steel sheet during or after the forming of the body component. For this purpose, a heat treatment process has been established, which is referred to as "press hardening." The steel sheet, which is regularly provided in the form of a board, is first heated in an oven such as a roller hearth furnace and then cooled in a press during forming and thereby cured For example, to set a (predominantly) martensitic structure here, the steel sheet is first heated to a temperature above the AC1 temperature, the temperature at which the formation of austenite begins during a warm-up process, or even above the AC3 temperature, prior to press-hardening. The temperature at which the conversion of ferrite to austenite ends in a warm-up process, heated and then formed in the press-hardening process and thereby cooled accordingly (below the Martensitstarttemperatur).
Die entsprechenden metallischen Bauteile sind dabei regelmäßig beschichtet, um Eigenschaften des Metalls zu verbessern. So werden beispielsweise Beschichtun- gen als Aluminium und Silizium (AISi) eingesetzt, um während des Wärmebehandlungsprozesses auf ein Schutzgas verzichten zu können und eine Oberflä- chennachbehandlung nach der Wärmebehandlung entfallen lassen zu können, oder auch Zinkbeschichtungen, die ebenfalls die Korrosionsbeständigkeit verbessern. Oft ist eine schnelle Erwärmung der Bauteile wünschenswert, da so bei einem Rollenherdofen eine kurze Ofenlänge erreicht werden kann und andererseits bei der Prozessplanung mehr Freiheit in Bezug auf die Taktzeiten der an die Erwär- mung anschließenden Presse gegeben ist. The corresponding metallic components are coated regularly to improve properties of the metal. For example, coatings are used as aluminum and silicon (AISi) in order to be able to dispense with a protective gas during the heat treatment process and to be able to omit a surface after-treatment after the heat treatment, or also zinc coatings, which also improve corrosion resistance. Frequently, rapid heating of the components is desirable, since in a roller hearth furnace, a short furnace length can be achieved and, on the other hand, in process planning, there is more freedom with respect to the cycle times of the press adjacent to the heating.
Jedoch kann es bei der schnellen Aufheizung durch das unterschiedliche Wärmeausdehnungsverhalten zu erhöhten Bauteilverwerfungen kommen, die den Transport des Bauteils (auf der Förderstrecke) erschweren oder sogar zur Ausbil- dung von Rissen im Bauteil und/oder in der Beschichtung kommen, so dass sich für vorbeschichtete Bauteile ein Schnellaufheizungsverfahren vor dem Presshärten bisher nicht am Markt durchgesetzt hat. Zudem kann sich die Beschichtung beim Transport durch den Ofen von dem metallischen Bauteil ablösen und so eine Verschmutzung des Ofens erfolgen. However, in the case of rapid heating due to the different thermal expansion behavior, increased component distortions may occur, which impede the transport of the component (on the conveyor line) or even lead to the formation of cracks in the component and / or in the coating, so that precoated Components has not yet enforced a rapid heating process before press hardening on the market. In addition, the coating can be removed during transport through the furnace of the metallic component and so carried pollution of the furnace.
Von daher liegt der vorliegenden Erfindung die Aufgabe zu Grunde, die aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Nachteile zumindest teilweise zu überwinden und insbesondere ein Verfahren zum Erwärmen von Metallen sowie einen entsprechenden Rollenherdofen anzugeben, der eine Schnellaufheizung von beschichte- ten Bauteilen mit zumindest verminderter Rissbildung ermöglicht. Weiterhin soll insbesondere ein entsprechender Rollenherdofen und ein entsprechendes Verfahren zum Presshärten angegeben werden. It is therefore an object of the present invention to at least partially overcome the disadvantages known from the prior art and, in particular, to provide a method for heating metals and a corresponding roller hearth furnace which enables rapid heating of coated components with at least reduced cracking , Furthermore, in particular a corresponding roller hearth furnace and a corresponding method for press hardening should be specified.
Diese Aufgaben werden gelöst durch die Merkmale der unabhängigen Patentan- Sprüche. Weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der hier vorgeschlagenen Lösung sind in den abhängigen Patentansprüchen angegeben. Es ist darauf hinzuweisen, dass die in den abhängigen Patentansprüchen einzeln aufgeführten Merkmale in beliebiger, technologisch sinnvoller Weise miteinander kombiniert werden können und weitere Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung definieren. Darüber hinaus wer- den die in den Patentansprüchen angegebenen Merkmale in der Beschreibung näher präzisiert und erläutert, wobei weitere bevorzugte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung dargestellt werden. These objects are achieved by the features of the independent patent claims. Further advantageous embodiments of the solution proposed here are specified in the dependent claims. It should be noted that the features listed individually in the dependent claims can be combined with each other in any technologically meaningful manner and define further embodiments of the invention. In addition, the features specified in the claims in the description specified and explained in more detail, wherein further preferred embodiments of the invention are shown.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zum Erwärmen eines metallischen Bauteils auf eine Zieltemperatur, bei dem das Bauteil eine Vorbeschichtung aufweist und durch einen Ofen geführt wird, der mindestens vier Zonen aufweist, die jeweils auf eine individuelle Zonentemperatur temperiert werden können, wobei das Bauteil nacheinander zumindest durch eine Anheizzone, eine Plateauzone, eine Spit- zenheizzone und eine Endzone geführt wird, wobei die Anheizzone auf eine An- heiztemperatur, die Plateauzone auf eine Plateautemperatur, die Spitzenheizzone auf eine Spitzentemperatur und die Endzone auf eine Zieltemperatur temperiert wird, wobei die Plateautemperatur so gewählt wird, dass die Temperatur des Bauteils in der Plateauzone in einem Korridorbereich um eine Schmelztemperatur der Vorbeschichtung liegt, zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass die Spitzentemperatur um mindestens 100 K [Kelvin], bevorzugt mindestens 120 K, besonders bevorzugt sogar mindestens 140 K, oberhalb der Zieltemperatur liegt. The inventive method for heating a metallic component to a target temperature, wherein the component has a pre-coating and is passed through an oven having at least four zones, each of which can be tempered to an individual zone temperature, the component successively at least by a Anheizzone , a plateau zone, a peak heating zone and an end zone, wherein the heating zone is heated to a heating temperature, the plateau zone to a plateau temperature, the peak heating zone to a peak temperature and the end zone to a target temperature, the plateau temperature being selected to be the temperature of the component in the plateau zone lying in a corridor region around a melting temperature of the precoat is characterized by the peak temperature being at least 100 K [Kelvin], preferably at least 120 K, particularly preferably at least 140 K, above the target temperature ,
Bei dem metallischen Bauteil handelt es sich vorzugsweise um eine metallische Platine, ein Stahlblech oder ein zumindest teilweise vorgeformtes Halbzeug, be- vorzugt aus Stahl. Das metallische Bauteil ist bevorzugt mit beziehungsweise aus einem (härtbaren) Stahl, beispielweise einem Bor-(Mangan-)Stahl, z. B. mit der Bezeichnung 22MnB5, gebildet. Bei der Vorbeschichtung kann es sich beispielsweise um eine (vorrangig) Zink enthaltende Beschichtung oder eine (vorrangig) Aluminium und/oder Silizium enthaltende Beschichtung, insbesondere eine soge- nannte Aluminium/Silizium(Al/Si)-Beschichtung handeln. The metallic component is preferably a metallic blank, a steel sheet or an at least partially preformed semi-finished product, preferably of steel. The metallic component is preferably with or from a (hardenable) steel, for example a boron (manganese) steel, for. B. with the name 22MnB5 formed. The precoating can be, for example, a (predominantly) zinc-containing coating or a (primarily) aluminum and / or silicon-containing coating, in particular a so-called aluminum / silicon (Al / Si) coating.
Die Temperierung in den einzelnen Zonen erfolgt bevorzugt (ausschließlich) mittels Strahlungswärme, beispielsweise von mindestens einem elektrisch betriebenen (das metallische Bauteil nicht körperlich und/oder elektrisch kontaktieren- dem) Heizmittel, wie beispielsweise einer Heizschleife und/oder einem Heizdraht, und/oder von mindestens einem (gasbeheizten) Strahlrohr. Vorzugsweise wird das metallische Bauteil mittels Strahlungswärme und/oder Konvektion in den einzelnen Zonen erwärmt. Die einzelnen Zonen sind bevorzugt allein durch die durch entsprechende Heizmittel einstellbare Temperatur in der Zone definiert. Zusätzlich lassen sich die entsprechenden Zonen auch baulich definieren, beispielsweise durch entsprechende Abschirmmittel zwischen den Zonen, die Konvektion zwischen benachbarten Zonen und/oder den Eintrag von Strahlungswärme von einer Zone in eine be- nachbarte Zone zumindest reduzieren oder verhindern. The temperature control in the individual zones preferably takes place (exclusively) by means of radiant heat, for example by at least one electrically operated heating means (which does not physically and / or electrically contact the metallic component), such as a heating loop and / or a heating wire, for example. and / or at least one (gas-heated) jet pipe. Preferably, the metallic component is heated by means of radiant heat and / or convection in the individual zones. The individual zones are preferably defined solely by the temperature which can be set in the zone by means of corresponding heating means. In addition, the corresponding zones can also be structurally defined, for example by appropriate shielding means between the zones, which at least reduce or prevent the convection between adjacent zones and / or the introduction of radiant heat from one zone into an adjacent zone.
In der Anheizzone werden die vorher üblicherweise auf Raumtemperatur befindlichen metallischen Bauteile (langsam) angeheizt. Hierzu liegt die Anheiztemperatur bevorzugt deutlich unterhalb der Zieltemperatur. Weiterhin bevorzugt ist eine Ausgestaltung, bei der die Anheiztemperatur oberhalb der Plateautemperatur. In the Anheizzone the previously usually at room temperature located metallic components (slow) are heated. For this purpose, the heating temperature is preferably well below the target temperature. Further preferred is an embodiment in which the heating temperature above the plateau temperature.
Unter dem Korridorbereich wird insbesondere ein Temperaturbereich von +/-Below the corridor area, a temperature range of +/-
30 K, bevorzugt +/- 10 K um die Schmelztemperatur der Vorbeschichtung herum verstanden. In diesem Korridorbereich setzt die Verflüssigung der Vorbeschich- tung ein. Durch das Halten der Temperatur im Korridorbereich kommt es bei der Verflüssigung zur Ausbildung einer (stabilen) Oxidschicht auf der sich verflüssigenden Vorbeschichtung, die die Scherkräfte beim Transport des metallischen Bauteils zumindest teilweise aufnehmen kann. Somit wird ein Anhaften der geschmolzenen oder schmelzenden Vorbeschichtung auf den Rollen und das Ein- dringen in dieselben in diesem Bereich des Ofens wesentlich verringert oder sogar vermieden. Üblicherweise liegt die Plateautemperatur deutlich unterhalb der Zieltemperatur, insbesondere mehr als 300 K unterhalb der Zieltemperatur oder sogar mehr als 350 K unterhalb der Zieltemperatur. Die Spitzentemperatur liegt bevorzugt sogar 150 K oberhalb der Zieltemperatur. Die (sprunghaft) deutlich erhöhte Temperatur nach der Plateautemperatur bewirkt ein schnelles Aufheizen des metallischen Bauteils. Im Vergleich zu anderen Verfahrensführungen, bei denen weite Teile des Ofens auf die Zieltemperatur tempe- riert sind, kann eine wesentliche schnellere Aufheizung erreicht werden. Dadurch, dass die Plateauzone vor der Spitzenheizzone ausgebildet ist, wird ein Abscheren der Vorbeschichtung wirksam vermieden. Dies führt zu einer Verfahrensführung, bei der die Oberfläche des metallischen Bauteils beim Transport durch den Ofen geschont wird und gleichzeitig eine schnelle Aufheizung des Bauteils möglich ist. 30 K, preferably +/- 10 K understood around the melting temperature of the precoat around. In this corridor area, the liquefaction of the pre-coating begins. By maintaining the temperature in the corridor region during liquefaction, formation of a (stable) oxide layer on the liquefying precoat that can at least partially absorb the shearing forces during transport of the metallic component occurs. Thus, adhesion of the molten or melted precoat on the rolls and penetration into them in this region of the furnace is substantially reduced or even avoided. The plateau temperature is usually well below the target temperature, in particular more than 300 K below the target temperature or even more than 350 K below the target temperature. The peak temperature is preferably even 150 K above the target temperature. The (jumpy) significantly higher temperature after the plateau temperature causes a rapid heating of the metallic component. In comparison to other process guides, in which large parts of the furnace are tempered to the target temperature, a much faster heating can be achieved. By forming the plateau zone in front of the tip heating zone, shearing of the precoat is effectively avoided. This leads to a process, in which the surface of the metallic component is protected during transport through the oven and at the same time a rapid heating of the component is possible.
Die Anheiztemperatur, die Plateautemperatur, die Spitzentemperatur und/oder die Zieltemperatur werden in Abhängigkeit von dem verwendeten Material des metallischen Bauteils, der Art und/oder Dicke der Vorbeschichtung und/oder von der Ausgestaltung, insbesondere der Form und/oder Dicke des metallischen Bauteils, vorbestimmt. Der Begriff„temperieren" bedeutet im Rahmen dieses Dokumentes grundsätzlich„heizen". The heating temperature, the plateau temperature, the peak temperature and / or the target temperature are dependent on the material used of the metallic component, the type and / or thickness of the pre-coating and / or on the configuration, in particular the shape and / or thickness of the metallic component, predetermined. The term "tempering" in the context of this document basically means "heating".
Durch eine im Vergleich zu bekannten Verfahren schnellere Aufheizung des Bauteils ist es auch möglich, eine Ofenanlage kürzer zu gestalten als bei aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Ofenanlagen beziehungsweise Verfahrensführungen. By a faster compared to known methods heating of the component, it is also possible to make a furnace shorter than in known from the prior art furnace systems or process guides.
Gemäß einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung des Verfahrens ist die Vorbeschichtung aus einem Material umfassend Aluminium und Silizium ausgebildet. According to an advantageous embodiment of the method, the precoating is formed of a material comprising aluminum and silicon.
Bei der metallischen Beschichtung kann es sich beispielsweise um eine (vorrangig) Zink enthaltende Beschichtung oder eine (vorrangig) Aluminium und/oder Silizium enthaltende Beschichtung, insbesondere eine sogenannte Alumini- um/Silizium(Al/Si)-Beschichtung handeln. Diese Beschichtung dient insbesonde- re dem Schutz des Bauteils vor Verzunderung während der Wärmebehandlung und verhindert die Randentkohlung. Übliche Schichtdicken liegen im Bereich zwischen 10 und 50 μιη [Mikrometer], bevorzugt im Bereich von 20 und 40 μιη. The metallic coating can be, for example, a (predominantly) zinc-containing coating or a (predominantly) aluminum and / or silicon-containing coating, in particular a so-called aluminum / silicon (Al / Si) coating. In particular, this coating serves to protect the component against scaling during the heat treatment and prevents the edge decarburization. Usual layer thicknesses are in the range between 10 and 50 μιη [microns], preferably in the range of 20 and 40 μιη.
Insbesondere bei Al/Si-Beschichtungen ist das Aufheizverfahren nach der vorlie- genden Erfindung vorteilhaft, da diese Vorbeschichtung bei Raumtemperatur sehr spröde ist, so dass es schnell zu Abplatzungen und damit zur Beschädigung der Vorbeschichtung kommen kann, wenn zu schnell aufgeheizt und eine zu große Scherbeanspruchung beim Transport durch den Ofen vorliegt. Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren gestattet das Schnellaufheizen von mit Al/Si vorbeschichteten metallischen Bauteilen. Particularly in the case of Al / Si coatings, the heating method according to the present invention is advantageous, since this precoat is very brittle at room temperature so that flaking and thus damage to the precoat can occur quickly if heated too quickly and too large Shearing stress during transport through the oven is present. The inventive method allows the rapid heating of Al / Si precoated metallic components.
Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, bei dem die Spitzenheiz- zone unmittelbar an die Plateauzone anschließt. Das unmittelbare Anschließen der Spitzenheizzone an die Plateauzone erlaubt eine besonders schnelle Aufheizung des metallischen Bauteils. Method according to one of the preceding claims, in which the tip heating zone directly adjoins the plateau zone. The immediate connection of the top heating zone to the plateau zone allows a particularly rapid heating of the metallic component.
Gemäß einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung des Verfahrens ist zwischen der Plateauzone und der Spitzenheizzone mindestens eine Zwischenzone ausge- bildet, die auf eine Zwischenzonentemperatur zwischen der Temperatur der vorherigen Zone und der Spitzentemperatur temperiert wird. According to a further advantageous embodiment of the method, at least one intermediate zone is formed between the plateau zone and the peak heating zone, which is tempered to an intermediate zone temperature between the temperature of the previous zone and the peak temperature.
Dies erlaubt eine genauere Definition der einzelnen Zonen, da dann der Wärmeeintrag von der Spitzenheizzone in die Plateauzone reduziert werden kann. Dies erlaubt eine genauere Definition der Temperatur in der Plateauzone, so dass der Vorgang der Oxidbildung auf der Vorbeschichtung gleichmäßiger ablaufen kann. Bevorzugt ist dabei die Zwischenheizzone in Transportrichtung des metallischen Bauteils durch den Ofen kürzer als die Spitzenheizzone, insbesondere weist sie eine Länge auf, die kleiner als die Hälfte der Länge der Spitzenheizzone ist, be- vorzugt weniger als ein Viertel der Länge der Spitzenheizzone. Gemäß einer weiteren Ausgestaltung der Erfindung wird das Bauteil in der Anheizzone über Rollen geführt, die aus Quarzgut ausgebildet sind. Unter Quarzgut wird hier insbesondere ein Material umfassend Siliziumdioxid (Si02) verstanden. In der Anheizzone wird das metallische Bauteil, welches deutlich kühler, üblicherweise im wesentlichen Umgebungs- oder Raumtemperatur aufweist, in die Atmosphäre des Ofens eingeführt, die deutlich heißer ist, beispielsweise 500°C oder mehr aufweist. Dies führt zu erheblichen Belastungen der Rollen, über die das Bauteil geführt wird, durch thermische Spannungen. Es hat sich gezeigt, das Rollen aus Quarzgut aufgrund des geringen Wärmeausdehnungskoeffizienten für die Anheizzone besonders gut geeignet sind. Diese Rollen sind sehr widerstandsfähig gegenüber Temperaturwechselbeanspruchungen. Gemäß einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung wird das Bauteil in mindestens einer der folgenden Zonen: This allows a more accurate definition of the individual zones, since then the heat input from the top heating zone can be reduced in the Plateau zone. This allows a more accurate definition of the temperature in the plateau zone, so that the process of oxide formation on the precoat can proceed more uniformly. In this case, the intermediate heating zone in the transport direction of the metallic component through the oven is preferably shorter than the peak heating zone, in particular has a length which is smaller than half the length of the tip heating zone, preferably less than a quarter of the length of the tip heating zone. According to a further embodiment of the invention, the component is guided in the Anheizzone on rollers which are formed of quartz material. By fused silica is meant in particular a material comprising silicon dioxide (SiO 2). In the annealing zone, the metallic component, which is significantly cooler, usually at substantially ambient or room temperature, is introduced into the atmosphere of the furnace, which is significantly hotter, for example 500 ° C or more. This leads to considerable stress on the rollers over which the component is guided by thermal stresses. It has been found that roles of fused silica are particularly well suited due to the low thermal expansion coefficient for the Anheizzone. These rollers are very resistant to thermal cycling. According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the component is in at least one of the following zones:
a) der Plateauzone;  a) the plateau zone;
b) der Spitzenheizzone; und  b) the peak heating zone; and
c) der Endzone  c) the end zone
über Rollen geführt, die aus einem mullitischen Keramikmaterial ausgebildet sind. passed over rollers which are formed of a mullitischen ceramic material.
Rollen aus mulltitischem Keramikmaterial werden bevorzugt dann eingesetzt, wenn sich die Temperatur der Atmosphäre im Ofen erhöht, da diese eine höhere zulässige Anwendungstemperatur als Quarzgutrollen aufweisen. Zudem sind diese Rollen deutlich preiswerter. Rollers made of mulltitic ceramic material are preferably used when the temperature of the atmosphere in the furnace increases, since they have a higher permissible operating temperature than Quarzgutrollen. In addition, these roles are much cheaper.
Gemäß einem weiteren Aspekt der vorliegenden Erfindung wird ein Rollenherdofen zum Erwärmen eines eine Vorbeschichtung aufweisenden metallischen Bauteils auf eine Zieltemperatur vorgeschlagen, insbesondere nach einem Verfah- ren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, bei dem das Bauteil auf Rollen von einem Zugang durch den Rollenherdofen zu einem Ausgang führbar ist, weiterhin umfassend mindestens vier Heizmittel, durch die jeweils eine individuelle Temperatur in einer Zone um das Heizmittel einstellbar ist, und ein Steuermittel zur individuellen Ansteuerung von mindestens vier der Heizmittel. Der Rollen- herdofen zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass das Steuermittel in einer Weise zur AnSteuerung der Heizmittel geeignet und bestimmt ist, dass vom Zugang zum Ausgang in dieser Reihenfolge mindestens folgende Zonen bildbar sind: eine auf eine Anheiztemperatur temperierbare Anheizzone, eine auf eine Plateautemperatur temperierbare Plateauzone, eine auf eine Spitzentemperatur temperierbare Spit- zenheizzone und eine auf eine Endtemperatur erhitzbare Endzone, wobei dieAccording to a further aspect of the present invention, a roller hearth furnace is proposed for heating a metallic component having a precoating to a target temperature, in particular according to a method according to one of the preceding claims, in which the component is mounted on rollers from an access through the roller hearth furnace to an exit feasible, further comprising at least four heating means, by each of which an individual temperature in a zone around the heating means is adjustable, and a control means for individually controlling at least four of the heating means. The roller hearth furnace is characterized in that the control means is suitable and determined in a manner for controlling the heating means, that at least the following zones can be formed from the access to the outlet: a heating zone which can be heated to a heating temperature, which can be heated to a plateau temperature Plateau zone, a peak heating zone which can be tempered to a peak temperature and an end zone which can be heated to a final temperature, the
Steuermittel und die Heizmittel geeignet und bestimmt sind, eine Plateautemperatur einzustellen, die in einem Korridorbereich um eine Schmelztemperatur der Vorbeschichtung liegt und eine Spitzentemperatur einzustellen, die um mindestens 100 K oberhalb der Zieltemperatur liegt. Control means and the heating means are suitable and determined to set a plateau temperature which is in a corridor range around a melting temperature of the precoat and to set a peak temperature which is at least 100 K above the target temperature.
Bevorzugt sind in der Anheizzone Rollen aus Quarzgut angeordnet. Rollers made of quartz material are preferably arranged in the heating zone.
Bevorzugt sind in mindestens einer der folgenden Zonen: Preferred are in at least one of the following zones:
a) der Plateauzone; a) the plateau zone;
b) der Spitzenheizzone; und b) the peak heating zone; and
c) der Endzone c) the end zone
Rollen aus einem Keramikmaterial ausgebildet.  Rolls formed of a ceramic material.
Weiterhin bevorzugt sind zwischen zumindest zwei benachbarten Zonen Ab- schirmmittel ausgebildet. Furthermore, shielding means are preferably formed between at least two adjacent zones.
Bevorzugt sind die Abschirmmittel als Einbauten zwischen zumindest einem Teil den einzelnen Zonen ausgebildet, die den Ofenquerschnitt in diesem Bereich verengen. Hierdurch wird die Längsströmung zwischen benachbarten Zonen redu- ziert. Zudem können die Abschirmmittel eine Wärmestrahlung aus einer Zone in die andere Zone verhindern und so die bessere Definition der Temperatur in den jeweiligen Zonen ermöglichen. The shielding means are preferably designed as internals between at least one part of the individual zones, which narrow the furnace cross-section in this area. This reduces the longitudinal flow between adjacent zones. In addition, the shielding means heat radiation from a zone in prevent the other zone and allow for a better definition of the temperature in the respective zones.
An den erfindungsgemäßen Rollenherdofen schließt sich regelmäßig eine Press- härtevorrichtung an. Zwischen Rollenherdofen und Presshärtevorrichtung kann eine Temperiereinheit angeordnet sein, die zumindest einen Teilbereich des Bauteils gezielt abkühlt und gleichzeitig die Temperatur in mindestens einem weiteren Teilbereich des Bauteils konstant hält oder erhöht, um so in zumindest einem Teilbereich eine andere Festigkeit einzustellen. At the roller hearth furnace according to the invention is regularly followed by a press hardening device. Between the roller hearth furnace and the press hardening device, a temperature control unit can be arranged which specifically cools at least one subarea of the component and at the same time keeps or increases the temperature in at least one further subarea of the component so as to set a different strength in at least one subarea.
Weiterhin wird ein Verfahren zum Presshärten eines metallischen Bauteils vorgeschlagen, bei dem ein nach der vorliegenden Erfindung auf die Zieltemperatur erwärmtes metallisches Bauteil einer Presshärtung in einer Presshärteeinrichtung unterzogen wird. Furthermore, a method for press-hardening a metallic component is proposed in which a metallic component heated to the target temperature according to the present invention is subjected to press-hardening in a press-hardening device.
Bevorzugt ist in diesem Zusammenhang, dass das metallische Bauteil zwischen der Erwärmung und der Presshärtung mindestens einer Temperiereinheit zugeführt wird, in der die Temperatur zumindest eines Teilbereichs des metallischen Bauteils verändert wird. In this context, it is preferred that the metallic component is supplied between the heating and the press-hardening of at least one tempering unit, in which the temperature of at least one partial area of the metallic component is changed.
Die für die erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren offenbarten Details und Vorteile lassen sich auf den erfindungsgemäßen Rollenherdofen übertragen und anwenden und umgekehrt. Die Erfindung, sowie das technische Umfeld werden nachfolgend anhand der Figuren näher erläutert. Es ist darauf hinzuweisen, dass die Erfindung durch die gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiele nicht beschränkt werden soll. Insbesondere ist es, soweit nicht explizit anders dargestellt, auch möglich, Teilaspekte der in den Figuren erläuterten Sachverhalte zu extrahieren und mit anderen Bestandteilen und/oder Erkenntnissen aus anderen Figuren und/oder der vorliegenden Beschreibung zu kombinieren. Es zeigen schematisch: The details and advantages disclosed for the method according to the invention can be transferred and applied to the roller hearth furnace according to the invention and vice versa. The invention and the technical environment will be explained in more detail with reference to the figures. It should be noted that the invention should not be limited by the embodiments shown. In particular, unless explicitly stated otherwise, it is also possible to extract partial aspects of the facts explained in the figures and with other components and / or to combine findings from other figures and / or the present description. They show schematically:
Fig. 1 einen Rollenherdofen, welcher nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren betrieben wird; Fig. 1 is a roller hearth furnace, which is operated by the method according to the invention;
Fig. 2 eine Temperaturführung im Rollenherdofen; FIG. 2 shows a temperature control in the roller hearth furnace; FIG.
Fig. 3 ein Beispiel einer als bekannt angenommenen Temperaturführung; 3 shows an example of a temperature control assumed to be known;
Fig. 4 ein Beispiel einer Temperaturführung nach der vorliegenden Erfindung; Fig. 4 is an example of a temperature guide according to the present invention;
Fig. 5 ein weiteres Beispiel eines Rollenherdofens; Fig. 5 shows another example of a roller hearth furnace;
Fig. 6 ein erstes Beispiel einer Vorrichtung zur Wärmebehandlung von Fig. 6 shows a first example of a device for heat treatment of
Bauteilen; und  components; and
Fig. 7 ein zweites Beispiel einer Vorrichtung zur Wärmebehandlung von Fig. 7 shows a second example of a device for heat treatment of
Bauteilen.  Components.
Fig. 1 zeigt schematisch einen Rollenherdofen 1, in dem ein Verfahren zum Erwärmen eines metallischen Bauteils 2 auf eine Zieltemperatur 3 durchgeführt wird. Die entsprechenden Temperaturen sind in Fig. 2 schematisch gezeigt. Hierzu wird das metallische Bauteil 2 durch einen Zugang 4 in den Rollenherdofen 1 geführt. Im Rollenherdofen 1 wird das metallische Bauteil 2 über Rollen 5 durch den Rollenherdofen 1 bis zum Ausgang 6 geführt. 1 shows schematically a roller hearth furnace 1 in which a method for heating a metallic component 2 to a target temperature 3 is performed. The corresponding temperatures are shown schematically in FIG. For this purpose, the metallic component 2 is guided through an access 4 in the roller hearth furnace 1. In the roller hearth furnace 1, the metallic component 2 is guided via rollers 5 through the roller hearth furnace 1 to the output 6.
Im vorliegenden Fall weist das metallische Bauteil 2 eine Al/Si-Vorbeschichtung 7 auf, die flächig und zumeist beidseitig auf dem metallischen Bauteil 2 ausgebil- det ist. In Bewegungsrichtung 8 des metallischen Bauteils 2 schließt sich an den Zugang 4 eine Anheizzone 9, eine Plateauzone 10, eine Spitzenheizzone 11 und eine Endzone 12. Im Betrieb ist die Anheizzone 9 auf eine Anheiztemperatur 13, die Plateauzone 10 auf die Plateautemperatur 14, die Spitzenheizzone 11 auf eine Spitzentemperatur 15 und die Endzone 12 auf die Zieltemperatur 3 temperiert (geheizt). Hierzu sind Heizmittel 16 ausgebildet, die hier als Strahlrohre ausgebildet sind. Die einzelnen Strahlrohre umfassen jeweils Gasbrenner, die in ein geschlossenes (keramisches) Rohr hineinbrennen, so dass die Verbrennungsabgase nicht in den Ofen eingetragen werden, um die gegebenenfalls durch die Abgase der Verbrennung insbesondere von feuchtem Abgas geförderte Wasserstoffver- sprödung des Metalls zu verhindern. In the present case, the metallic component 2 has an Al / Si precoating 7, which is formed on the metallic component 2 in a planar manner and mostly on both sides. it is. In the direction of movement 8 of the metallic component 2, a heating zone 9, a plateau zone 10, a top heating zone 11 and an end zone 12 adjoin the access 4. In operation, the heating zone 9 is at a heating temperature 13, the plateau zone 10 at the plateau temperature 14, the peak heating zone 11 to a peak temperature 15 and the end zone 12 to the target temperature 3 tempered (heated). For this purpose, heating means 16 are formed, which are designed here as jet pipes. The individual jet pipes each comprise gas burners which burn into a closed (ceramic) tube, so that the combustion exhaust gases are not introduced into the furnace in order to prevent the hydrogen embrittlement of the metal, which may be promoted by the exhaust gases of the combustion, in particular of moist exhaust gas.
Die einzelnen Heizmittel 16 sind in ihrer Anzahl und Ausgestaltung exemplarisch eingezeichnet. Dies bedeutet, das in jeder Zone 9, 10, 11, 12 auch eine andere Anzahl Heizmittel 16, jeweils Heizmittel 16 unterschiedlicher Stärke und/oder jeweils unterschiedliche Heizmittel 16 wie beispielsweise teilweise elektrische Heizmittel 16 und teilweise Strahlrohre als Heizmittel 16 ausgebildet sein können. Gleiches gilt auch für die Rollen 5, die in jeder Zone 9, 10, 11, 12 in unterschiedlicher Zahl und/oder in unterschiedlichen Abständen und/oder aus unterschiedli- chen Materialien ausgebildet sein können. Zur Durchführung des Verfahrens sind die Heizmittel 16 mit einem Steuermittel 17 verbunden, durch welches der Betrieb der Heizmittel 16 gesteuert beziehungsweise geregelt werden kann und welches geeignet und bestimmt zur entsprechenden Ansteuerung der Heizmittel 16 ist. Zusätzlich können auch zumindest einzelne (angetriebene) Rollen 5 mit dem Steuermittel 17 verbunden sein. The individual heating means 16 are shown by way of example in their number and design. This means that in each zone 9, 10, 11, 12, a different number of heating means 16, each heating means 16 of different thickness and / or each different heating means 16 such as partially electric heating means 16 and partially jet pipes may be formed as a heating means 16. The same applies to the rollers 5, which may be formed in each zone 9, 10, 11, 12 in different numbers and / or at different distances and / or from different materials. To carry out the method, the heating means 16 are connected to a control means 17, by which the operation of the heating means 16 can be controlled or regulated and which is suitable and determined for the corresponding control of the heating means 16. In addition, at least individual (driven) rollers 5 may be connected to the control means 17.
Zwischen den Zonen 9, 10, 11, 12 sind Abschirmmittel 27 ausgebildet, die insbesondere eine Längsströmung zwischen benachbarten Zonen 9, 10, 11, 12 reduzieren oder unterbinden. Alternativ oder zusätzlich können die Abschirmmittel 27 so ausgestaltet sein, dass sie eine Wärmestrahlung zwischen benachbarten Zonen 9, 10, 1 1 , 12 reduzieren beziehungsweise unterbinden. Die Abschirmmittel 27 sind im vorliegenden Beispiel als den offenen Querschnitt des Rollenherdofens 1 reduzierende Einbauten gebildet, deren Höhe variieren kann. Im vorliegenden Beispiel sind die Rollen 5 in der Anheizzone 9 aus einem Quarzgut ausgebildet, während die Rollen in der Plateauzone 10, der Spitzenheizzone 1 1 und der Endzone 12 aus einem keramischen Material ausgebildet sind. Die Rollen 5 in der Anheizzone 9 sind bevorzugt aus Quarzgut ausgebildet, um hier die thermischen Belastungen der Rollen 5 aufgrund des großen Temperaturunter- schiedes der (heißen) Rollen 5 und des (kalten) metallischen Bauteils 2 aufnehmen zu können. Between the zones 9, 10, 11, 12 shielding means 27 are formed, which in particular reduce or prevent longitudinal flow between adjacent zones 9, 10, 11, 12. Alternatively or additionally, the shielding means 27 can be designed so that they radiate heat between adjacent zones 9, 10, 1 1, 12 reduce or prevent. The shielding means 27 are formed in the present example as the open cross-section of the roller hearth furnace 1 reducing internals whose height can vary. In the present example, the rollers 5 are formed in the Anheizzone 9 of a fused silica, while the rollers in the plateau zone 10, the Spitzenheizzone 1 1 and the end zone 12 are formed of a ceramic material. The rollers 5 in the Anheizzone 9 are preferably formed of quartz material to here the thermal loads of the rollers 5 due to the large temperature difference of the (hot) rollers 5 and the (cold) metallic component 2 can accommodate.
Die Heizmittel 16 werden beispielsweise so geregelt, dass für ein aus einem als „Usibor 1500" oder„MBW 1500+AS" vertriebenen Bor-Mangan- Stahl ausgebil- deten Bauteil, welches eine Al/Si Vorbeschichtung 7 aufweist, in der Anheizzone 9 als Anheiztemperatur 13 eine Temperatur von etwa 840 bis 860°C, insbesondere von 850° C, als Plateautemperatur 14 in der Plateauzone 10 eine Temperatur von etwa 630°C bis 670°C, insbesondere von 650° C mit einem Korridorbereich von +/- 20°C um die Schmelztemperatur der Vorbeschichtung 7 herum, als Spitzen- temperatur in der Spitzenheizzone 1 1 eine Temperatur von etwa 1080 bis 1 120 °C, insbesondere von 1 100°C und als Zieltemperatur 3 in der Endzone 12 eine Temperatur von 870 bis 940° C eingestellt wird. The heating means 16 are regulated, for example, in such a way that a component formed from a Boron-manganese steel marketed as "Usibor 1500" or "MBW 1500 + AS", which has an Al / Si precoating 7, in the heating zone 9 Anheiztemperatur 13 a temperature of about 840 to 860 ° C, in particular of 850 ° C, as the plateau temperature 14 in the Plateauzone 10 a temperature of about 630 ° C to 670 ° C, in particular of 650 ° C with a corridor range of +/- 20 ° C around the melting temperature of the pre-coating 7, as a peak temperature in the tip heating zone 1 1 a temperature of about 1080 to 1120 ° C, in particular of 1100 ° C and as target temperature 3 in the end zone 12 a temperature of 870 to 940th ° C is set.
Fig. 3 zeigt im Unterschied dazu einen als bekannt angenommenen Temperatur- verlauf, bei dem die Zonentemperatur 18 und die Bauteiltemperatur 19 eingezeichnet ist. Auch hier sind mehrere Zonen ausgebildet. Das (kalte) metallische Bauteil 2 durchquert zunächst eine Anheizzone mit einer Anheizzonentemperatur 13, dann eine Plateauzone mit einer Plateautemperatur 14 und dann einer Endzone mit einer Zieltemperatur 3. Entsprechend folgt die Bauteiltemperatur 19 einer Kurve von einer Starttemperatur zur Zieltemperatur 3. Fig. 4 zeigt ein Beispiel eines Temperaturverlaufs mit Zonentemperatur 18 und Bauteiltemperatur 19 nach dem hier vorgeschlagenen Verfahren. Die Zonentemperatur zeigt hier neben Anheizzonentemperatur 13, Plateautemperatur 14 und Zieltemperatur 3 auch die Spitzenheizzone 11. Vergleicht man die Bauteiltemperatur 19 in diesem Beispiel mit der Bauteiltemperatur 19 wie in Fig. 3 gezeigt, so zeigt sich, dass die Bauteiltemperatur 19 bei dem hier vorgeschlagenen Verfahren schneller die Zieltemperatur 3 erreicht als bei dem als gekannt angenommenen Verfahren wie in Fig. 3 gezeigt. In contrast, FIG. 3 shows a temperature curve assumed to be known, in which the zone temperature 18 and the component temperature 19 are plotted. Again, several zones are formed. The (cold) metallic component 2 first passes through a heating zone with a heating zone temperature 13, then a plateau zone with a plateau temperature 14 and then an end zone with a target temperature 3. Correspondingly, the component temperature 19 follows a curve from a starting temperature to the target temperature 3. 4 shows an example of a temperature profile with zone temperature 18 and component temperature 19 according to the method proposed here. In addition to heating zone temperature 13, plateau temperature 14 and target temperature 3, the zone temperature also shows peak heating zone 11. If component temperature 19 in this example is compared with component temperature 19, as shown in FIG. 3, then it can be seen that the component temperature 19 in the method proposed here faster reaches the target temperature 3 than in the known as known method as shown in Fig. 3.
Fig. 4 und 5, die eine weitere Ausgestaltung eines Rollenherdofens 1 zeigt, zeigen weiterhin die Ausbildung von Zwischenzonen. Zwischen der Anheizzone 9 und der Plateauzone 10 ist eine erste Zwischenzone 20 ausgebildet, deren erste Zwischenzonentemperatur 21 zwischen der Anheiztemperatur 13 und der Plateautem- peratur 14 liegt. Durch die erste Zwischenzone 20 wird ein Wärmeaustausch zwischen der Anheizzone 9 und der Plateauzone 10 reduziert beziehungsweise verhindert, so dass eine präzisere Führung der Ofentemperatur in den Zonen 9, 10 möglich ist. Weiterhin zeigt die Zonentemperatur 18 in Fig. 4 zwei zweite Zwischenzonen 22 zwischen der Plateauzone 10 und der Spitzenheizzone 11, die zwei zweite Zwischenzonentemperaturen 23 aufweisen. Diese dienen der präziseren Definition der Spitzenheizzone 11 und der Plateauzone 10. Im Übrigen wird auf die obige Beschreibung zur Figur 1 verwiesen. 4 and 5, which shows a further embodiment of a roller hearth furnace 1, further show the formation of intermediate zones. Between the heating zone 9 and the plateau zone 10, a first intermediate zone 20 is formed whose first intermediate zone temperature 21 lies between the heating temperature 13 and the plateau temperature 14. Through the first intermediate zone 20, a heat exchange between the Anheizzone 9 and the Plateauzone 10 is reduced or prevented, so that a more precise guidance of the furnace temperature in the zones 9, 10 is possible. Furthermore, the zone temperature 18 in FIG. 4 shows two second intermediate zones 22 between the plateau zone 10 and the peak heating zone 11, which have two second intermediate zone temperatures 23. These serve the more precise definition of the top heating zone 11 and the plateau zone 10. Incidentally, reference is made to the above description of FIG.
Fig. 6 zeigt eine Vorrichtung 24 zur Wärmebehandlung eines metallischen Bau- teils 2 mit einem Rollenherdofen 1 und einer Presshärteeinheit 25. FIG. 6 shows a device 24 for heat treatment of a metallic component 2 with a roller hearth furnace 1 and a press hardening unit 25.
Beispielsweise ist es möglich, im Rollenherdofen 1 die Zieltemperatur 3 so zu wählen, dass diese bei oder oberhalb der AC1 -Temperatur (also der Temperatur, bei der die Bildung von Austenit bei einem Aufwärmevorgang beginnt), oder so- gar oberhalb der AC3 -Temperatur (der Temperatur, bei der die Umwandlung von Ferrit in Austenit bei einem Aufwärmvorgang endet) des entsprechenden Materials des metallischen Bauteils 2 zu wählen, dass beim anschließenden Presshärten zumindest ein Anteil an Martensit im metallischen Bauteil entsteht. For example, in the roller hearth furnace 1, it is possible to select the target temperature 3 to be at or above the AC1 temperature (that is, the temperature at which the formation of austenite starts in a warm-up operation), or even above the AC3 temperature (the temperature at which the conversion of Ferrite in austenite ends in a warm-up process) of the corresponding material of the metallic component 2, that during subsequent press-hardening at least a proportion of martensite is formed in the metallic component.
Optional wird zwischen Rollenherdofen 1 und Presshärteeinheit 25 mindestens eine Temperiereinheit 26 ausgebildet (siehe Fig. 7), die es erlaubt, nach dem (gleichmäßigen) Aufheizen des metallischen Bauteils 2 im Rollenherdofen 1 Bereiche des metallischen Bauteils 2 unterschiedlich zu temperieren, insbesondere Teilbereiche zu heizen und andere Teilbereiche zu kühlen. Optionally, at least one tempering unit 26 is formed between the roller hearth furnace 1 and the press hardening unit 25 (see FIG. 7), which makes it possible to temper areas of the metallic component 2 differently, in particular to heat partial areas, after the (uniform) heating of the metallic component 2 in the roller hearth furnace 1 and cool other sections.
Alternativ kann eine Verfahrensführung gewählt werden, bei der die Zieltemperatur 3 so gewählt wird, dass diese unterhalb der AC3- oder sogar ACl -Temperatur liegt und dann in einer folgenden Temperiereinheit 26 in mindestens einem Teilbereich des metallischen Bauteils 2 die Temperatur über die ACl - oder AC3- Temperatur erhöht wird, während die Temperatur in mindestens einem anderen Teilbereich des metallischen Bauteils 2 unterhalb der ACl - oder AC3 -Temperatur belassen wird. So können metallische Bauteile 2 erzeugt werden, die nach dem Presshärten Bereiche unterschiedlicher Gefüge bzw. Festigkeiten aufweisen. Alternatively, a process management can be selected in which the target temperature 3 is selected so that it is below the AC3 or even ACl temperature and then in a following temperature control unit 26 in at least a portion of the metallic component 2, the temperature on the ACl - or AC3 temperature is increased, while the temperature is left in at least one other portion of the metallic component 2 below the ACl or AC3 temperature. Thus, metallic components 2 can be produced which have areas of different microstructures or strengths after press hardening.
Bezugszeichenliste Rollenherdofen Roller heating stove
metallisches Bauteil metallic component
Zieltemperatur target temperature
Zugang Access
Rolle role
Ausgang exit
Vorbeschichtung pre
Bewegungsrichtung movement direction
Anheizzone Anheizzone
Plateauzone plateau zone
Spitzenheizzone Spitzenheizzone
Endzone End Zone
Anheiztemperatur firing temperature
Plateautemperatur plateau temperature
Spitzentemperatur peak temperature
Heizmittel heating
Steuermittel control means
Zonentemperatur zone temperature
Bauteiltemperatur component temperature
erste Zwischenzone first intermediate zone
erste Zwischenzonentemperatur zweite Zwischenzone first intermediate zone temperature second intermediate zone
zweite Zwischenzonentemperaturen Vorrichtung zur Wärmebehandlung Presshärteeinheit second intermediate zone temperatures Apparatus for heat treatment Press hardening unit
Temperierstation heating station
Abschirmmittel screening

Claims

Patentansprüche  claims
Verfahren zum Erwärmen eines metallischen Bauteils (2) auf eine Zieltemperatur (3), bei dem das Bauteil (2) eine Vorbeschichtung (7) aufweist und durch einen Ofen (1) geführt wird, der mindestens vier Zonen (9, 10, 11, 12) aufweist, die jeweils auf eine individuelle Zonentemperatur (13, 14, 15, 3) temperiert werden können, wobei das Bauteil (2) nacheinander zumindest durch eine Anheizzone (9), eine Plateauzone (10), eine Spitzen- heizzone (11) und eine Endzone (12) geführt wird, wobei die Anheizzone (9) auf eine Anheiztemperatur (13), die Plateauzone (10) auf eine Plateautemperatur (14) , die Spitzenheizzone (11) auf eine Spitzentemperatur (15) und die Endzone (12) auf die Zieltemperatur (3) temperiert wird, wobei die Plateautemperatur (14) so gewählt wird, dass die Temperatur des Bauteils (2) in der Plateauzone (10) in einem Korridorbereich um eine Schmelztemperatur der Vorbeschichtung (7) liegt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Spitzentemperatur (15) um mindestens 100 K [Kelvin] oberhalb der Zieltemperatur (3) liegt. Method for heating a metallic component (2) to a target temperature (3), in which the component (2) has a precoating (7) and is passed through a furnace (1) having at least four zones (9, 10, 11, 12), each of which can be tempered to an individual zone temperature (13, 14, 15, 3), wherein the component (2) successively at least by a Anheizzone (9), a Plateauzone (10), a peak heating zone (11 ) and an end zone (12), wherein the Anheizzone (9) to a Anheiztemperatur (13), the Plateauzone (10) to a plateau temperature (14), the Spitzenheizzone (11) to a peak temperature (15) and the end zone ( 12) to the target temperature (3), wherein the plateau temperature (14) is selected such that the temperature of the component (2) in the plateau zone (10) lies in a corridor region around a melting temperature of the precoat (7), characterized in that the peak temperature (15) is at least 100 K [Kelvin] above the target temperature (3).
Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 , bei dem die Vorbeschichtung (7) aus einem Material umfassend Aluminium und Silizium ausgebildet ist. The method of claim 1, wherein the precoating (7) is formed of a material comprising aluminum and silicon.
Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, bei dem die Spitzenheizzone (11) unmittelbar an die Plateauzone (10) anschließt. Method according to one of the preceding claims, in which the tip heating zone (11) directly adjoins the plateau zone (10).
Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, bei dem zwischen der Plateauzone (10) und der Spitzenheizzone (11) mindestens eine Zwischenzone (22) ausgebildet ist, die auf eine Zwischenzonentemperatur (23) zwischen der Temperatur der vorherigen Zone (10, 22) und der Spitzentemperatur (15) temperiert wird. Verfahren nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, bei dem das Bauteil (2) in der Anheizzone (9) über Rollen (5) geführt wird, die aus Quarzgut ausgebildet sind. Method according to one of claims 1 or 2, in which at least one intermediate zone (22) is formed between the plateau zone (10) and the peak heating zone (11), which is at an intermediate zone temperature (23) between the temperature of the preceding zone (10, 22). and the peak temperature (15) is tempered. Method according to one of the preceding claims, in which the component (2) in the Anheizzone (9) via rollers (5) is guided, which are formed of quartz material.
Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, bei dem das Bauteil (2) in mindestens einer der folgenden Zonen: Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the component (2) in at least one of the following zones:
d) der Plateauzone (10); d) the plateau zone (10);
e) der Spitzenheizzone (11); und e) the peak heating zone (11); and
f) der Endzone (12) f) the end zone (12)
über Rollen (5) geführt wird, die aus einem Keramikmaterial ausgebildet sind. about rollers (5) is guided, which are formed of a ceramic material.
Rollenherdofen (1) zum Erwärmen eines eine Vorbeschichtung (7) aufweisenden metallischen Bauteils (2) auf eine Zieltemperatur (3), insbesondere nach einem Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, bei dem das Bauteil (2) auf Rollen (5) von einem Zugang (4) durch den Rollenherdofen (1) zu einem Ausgang (6) führbar ist, weiterhin umfassend mindestens vier Heizmittel (16), durch die jeweils eine individuelle Temperatur in einer Zone (9, 10, 11, 12) um das Heizmittel (16) einstellbar ist, und ein Steuermittel (17) zur individuellen Ansteuerung von mindestens vier der Heizmittel (16), dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Steuermittel (17) in einer Weise zur Ansteuerung der Heizmittel (16) geeignet und bestimmt ist, dass vom Zugang (4) zum Ausgang (6) in dieser Reihenfolge mindestens folgende Zonen (9, 10, 11, 12) bildbar sind: eine auf eine Anheiztemperatur (13) temperierbare Anheizzone ( 9), eine auf eine Plateautemperatur (14) temperierbare Plateauzone (10), eine auf eine Spitzentemperatur (15) temperierbare Spitzenheizzone (11) und eine auf die Zieltemperatur temperierbare Endzone (12), wobei die Steuermittel (17) und die Heizmittel (16) geeignet und bestimmt sind, eine Plateautemperatur (14) einzustellen, die in einem Korridorbereich um eine Schmelztemperatur der Vorbeschichtung (7) liegt und eine Spitzentemperatur (15) einzustellen, die um mindestens 100 K oberhalb der Zieltemperatur (3) liegt. Roller hearth furnace (1) for heating a metallic component (2) having a precoating (7) to a target temperature (3), in particular according to a method according to one of the preceding claims, in which the component (2) is accessible from rollers (5) (4) through the roller hearth furnace (1) to an output (6) can be guided, further comprising at least four heating means (16), each by an individual temperature in a zone (9, 10, 11, 12) to the heating means (16 ) and a control means (17) for individually activating at least four of the heating means (16), characterized in that the control means (17) is suitable and intended in a way to control the heating means (16) 4) to the output (6) in this sequence at least the following zones (9, 10, 11, 12) can be formed: a heating zone (9) which can be heated to a heating temperature (13), a plateau zone (10) which can be heated to a plateau temperature (14) , one on a Spitzent emperature (15) heatable tip heating zone (11) and an end zone (12) which can be tempered to the target temperature, wherein the control means (17) and the heating means (16) are suitable and intended to set a plateau temperature (14) in a corridor region around one Melting temperature of Pre-coating (7) and to set a peak temperature (15), which is at least 100 K above the target temperature (3).
Rollenherdofen (1) nach Anspruch 7, bei dem in der Anheizzone (9) Rollen (5) aus Quarzgut ausgebildet sind. Roller hearth furnace (1) according to claim 7, wherein in the Anheizzone (9) rollers (5) are formed of quartz material.
Rollenherdofen (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 7 oder 8, bei dem in mindestens einer der folgenden Zonen: Roller hearth furnace (1) according to one of claims 7 or 8, wherein in at least one of the following zones:
a. der Plateauzone (10); a. the plateau zone (10);
b. der Spitzenheizzone (11); und b. the peak heating zone (11); and
c. der Endzone (12) c. the end zone (12)
Rollen (5) aus einem Keramikmaterial ausgebildet sind.  Rollers (5) are formed of a ceramic material.
Rollenherdofen (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 7 bis 9, bei dem zwischen zumindest zwei benachbarten Zonen (9, 10, 11, 12) Abschirmmittel (27) ausgebildet sind. Roller hearth furnace (1) according to one of Claims 7 to 9, in which shielding means (27) are formed between at least two adjacent zones (9, 10, 11, 12).
Verfahren zum Presshärten eines metallischen Bauteils (2), bei dem ein nach dem Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6 auf die Zieltempe ratur (3) erwärmtes metallisches Bauteil (3) einer Presshärtung in einer Presshärteeinrichtung (25) unterzogen wird. A method of press-hardening a metallic component (2) in which a metallic component (3) heated to the target temperature (3) by the method according to one of Claims 1 to 6 is subjected to press-hardening in a press-hardening device (25).
Verfahren nach Anspruch 11 , bei dem das metallische Bauteil zwischen der Erwärmung und der Presshärtung mindestens einer Temperiereinheit (26) zugeführt wird, in der die Temperatur zumindest eines Teilbereichs des metallischen Bauteils (3) verändert wird. Method according to Claim 11, in which the metallic component is fed between at least one tempering unit (26) between the heating and the press-hardening, in which the temperature of at least one portion of the metallic component (3) is changed.
EP18765599.8A 2017-09-01 2018-08-31 Method for heating a metal component to a target temperature and corresponding roller hearth furnace Active EP3676408B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102017120128.9A DE102017120128A1 (en) 2017-09-01 2017-09-01 Method for heating a metallic component to a target temperature and corresponding roller hearth furnace
PCT/EP2018/073474 WO2019043161A1 (en) 2017-09-01 2018-08-31 Method for heating a metal component to a target temperature and corresponding roller hearth furnace

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3676408A1 true EP3676408A1 (en) 2020-07-08
EP3676408B1 EP3676408B1 (en) 2022-07-13

Family

ID=63517867

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP18765599.8A Active EP3676408B1 (en) 2017-09-01 2018-08-31 Method for heating a metal component to a target temperature and corresponding roller hearth furnace

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US11584972B2 (en)
EP (1) EP3676408B1 (en)
CN (1) CN111108221A (en)
DE (1) DE102017120128A1 (en)
ES (1) ES2926293T3 (en)
HU (1) HUE059961T2 (en)
MX (1) MX2020002291A (en)
PL (1) PL3676408T3 (en)
WO (1) WO2019043161A1 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP4074845A1 (en) * 2021-04-16 2022-10-19 Aerospace Transmission Technologies GmbH Control device and method of controlling a press hardening system

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113924373B (en) 2019-12-20 2023-09-01 现代制铁株式会社 Hot stamping part and manufacturing method thereof
DE102020106139A1 (en) * 2020-03-06 2021-09-09 Schwartz Gmbh Thermal treatment of a component
DE102020212465A1 (en) * 2020-10-01 2022-04-07 Thyssenkrupp Steel Europe Ag Method for producing an at least partially press-hardened sheet steel component and at least partially press-hardened sheet steel component
DE102020127057A1 (en) * 2020-10-14 2022-04-14 Benteler Automobiltechnik Gmbh Process for the production of a steel plate and temperature control station
DE102020133462A1 (en) * 2020-12-15 2022-06-15 Schwartz Gmbh Thermal treatment of components
DE102022108515A1 (en) * 2021-04-16 2022-10-20 Aerospace Transmission Technologies GmbH Control device and method for controlling a press hardening plant

Family Cites Families (24)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS629039A (en) 1985-07-04 1987-01-17 Bridgestone Corp Suspension bush
JPS629042A (en) 1985-07-05 1987-01-17 Toyota Motor Corp Vibration absorbing rubber device
JPH0629638B2 (en) 1986-02-08 1994-04-20 丸五ゴム工業株式会社 Bush containing fluid
US5147083A (en) * 1991-09-25 1992-09-15 General Motors Corporation Method and apparatus for convection brazing of aluminum heat exchangers
US7413592B2 (en) * 2004-03-31 2008-08-19 Nu-Iron Technology, Llc Linear hearth furnace system and methods regarding same
CN2885881Y (en) * 2006-04-10 2007-04-04 范本良 Full-electric roller hearth-type continuous annealing furnace
DE102007057855B3 (en) * 2007-11-29 2008-10-30 Benteler Automobiltechnik Gmbh Production of moldings with structure zones of different ductility comprises heat treatment of aluminum-silicon coated high-tensile steel blank, followed by treating zones at different temperature
KR101045839B1 (en) 2008-10-02 2011-07-01 주식회사 엠에스 오토텍 Furnace Equipment for Hot Stamping
DE102009050879B3 (en) * 2009-10-27 2011-09-01 Itg Induktionsanlagen Gmbh Method of heating printed circuit boards having coating comprises inductive preheating to temperature below/equal to melting point of coating, maintaining temperature to allow diffusion and heating to final temperature by inductive heating
DE102010017905B4 (en) * 2010-04-21 2014-08-21 TRUMPF Hüttinger GmbH + Co. KG Method and induction heating device for hot sheet metal forming
DE102010029082A1 (en) * 2010-05-18 2011-11-24 Eva Schwartz Continuous furnace for heating workpiece i.e. gas pipe, has heating element heating workpiece in input field by increasing temperature in holding portion, where heating element generates heat at specific heating rate
HUE035766T2 (en) * 2011-03-10 2018-05-28 Schwartz Gmbh Oven system and process for partially heating steel blanks
WO2013000001A1 (en) * 2011-06-30 2013-01-03 Ebner Industrieofenbau Gesellschaft M.B.H. Method for heating a shaped component for a subsequent press hardening operation and continuous furnace for regionally heating a shaped component preheated to a predetermined temperature to a higher temperature
DE202012013282U1 (en) * 2012-09-04 2015-11-20 Schwartz Gmbh Supporting means for stoves
DE102012221120B4 (en) * 2012-11-19 2017-01-26 Kirchhoff Automotive Deutschland Gmbh Roller hearth furnace and method for heat treatment of metallic sheets
DE102013107870A1 (en) * 2013-07-23 2015-01-29 Benteler Automobiltechnik Gmbh Process for the production of molded components as well as molded component and continuous furnace
DE102013015347A1 (en) * 2013-09-17 2015-03-19 Schuler Pressen Gmbh Furnace for heating a steel sheet
EP2905346B1 (en) * 2014-01-23 2020-09-02 Schwartz GmbH Heat treatment process
DE102014205061A1 (en) 2014-03-19 2015-09-24 Contitech Luftfedersysteme Gmbh Hydraulic bush
WO2016001701A1 (en) * 2014-07-03 2016-01-07 Arcelormittal Polyvalent processing line for heat treating and hot dip coating a steel strip
DE102014110415B4 (en) * 2014-07-23 2016-10-20 Voestalpine Stahl Gmbh Method for heating steel sheets and apparatus for carrying out the method
EP3144620A1 (en) * 2015-09-18 2017-03-22 Schwartz GmbH Thermal processing system
DE102016100648B4 (en) * 2015-12-23 2018-04-12 Benteler Automobiltechnik Gmbh A heat treatment furnace and method for heat treating a precoated sheet steel plate and method of making a motor vehicle component
EP3408420B1 (en) * 2016-01-25 2024-06-26 Schwartz GmbH Method of heat treating a metallic component

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP4074845A1 (en) * 2021-04-16 2022-10-19 Aerospace Transmission Technologies GmbH Control device and method of controlling a press hardening system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20210155996A1 (en) 2021-05-27
EP3676408B1 (en) 2022-07-13
MX2020002291A (en) 2020-07-13
DE102017120128A1 (en) 2019-03-07
ES2926293T3 (en) 2022-10-25
WO2019043161A1 (en) 2019-03-07
US11584972B2 (en) 2023-02-21
PL3676408T3 (en) 2022-11-21
CN111108221A (en) 2020-05-05
HUE059961T2 (en) 2023-01-28

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP3676408B1 (en) Method for heating a metal component to a target temperature and corresponding roller hearth furnace
EP2655672B1 (en) Method for producing hardened components with regions of different hardness and/or ductility
DE102012110649C5 (en) Thermoforming line and method for producing a hot-formed and press-hardened motor vehicle component
EP2014777B1 (en) Method and device for thermal treatment of metal sheet
DE102014110415B4 (en) Method for heating steel sheets and apparatus for carrying out the method
EP2791372B1 (en) Method and device for partially hardening sheet metal components
EP3652352B1 (en) Method and device for the heat treatment of a metal component
DE102013100682B3 (en) A method of producing cured components and a structural component made by the method
WO2011009769A1 (en) Method and device for energy-efficient hot forming
EP2710157A1 (en) Heat treatment of hardenable sheet metal components
DE102016100648B4 (en) A heat treatment furnace and method for heat treating a precoated sheet steel plate and method of making a motor vehicle component
WO2017129599A1 (en) Method and device for the heat treatment of a metal component
DE102011053941A1 (en) Producing steel element comprising zinc alloy coating, comprises stamping out blank from sheet metal coated with zinc alloy, heating stamped-out blank to temperature, and holding blank at this temperature for predetermined time
EP3408420A1 (en) Method for heat treatment of a metal component
EP3530760A1 (en) Method for producing a thermoformed and hardened steel sheet component
DE102016124539A1 (en) Process for producing locally hardened sheet steel components
EP2818571B1 (en) Diffusion of aluminium-silicon into a steel sheet web
EP3159419B1 (en) Method of fabrication of roll formed partly hardened profiles
EP3925716B1 (en) Method for press hardening thermoformable blanks
DE102016120605A1 (en) Method and device for heat treatment of a metallic component
EP3184655A1 (en) Heat treatment furnace and method for the heat treatment of a precoated steel sheet board and method for manufacturing a motor vehicle part
DE102016109095B4 (en) Apparatus and method for partial hardening of sheet steel components
DE102016219579A1 (en) Process for heat treatment and apparatus for heat treatment
DE102016118253A1 (en) Process for heat treatment of a metallic component
DE102016222993A1 (en) Process for producing a coated steel component

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: UNKNOWN

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: THE INTERNATIONAL PUBLICATION HAS BEEN MADE

PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: REQUEST FOR EXAMINATION WAS MADE

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 20200225

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR

AX Request for extension of the european patent

Extension state: BA ME

DAV Request for validation of the european patent (deleted)
DAX Request for extension of the european patent (deleted)
GRAP Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: GRANT OF PATENT IS INTENDED

RIC1 Information provided on ipc code assigned before grant

Ipc: F27B 9/10 20060101ALI20220207BHEP

Ipc: F27B 9/24 20060101ALI20220207BHEP

Ipc: C21D 9/00 20060101AFI20220207BHEP

INTG Intention to grant announced

Effective date: 20220304

GRAS Grant fee paid

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR3

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: THE PATENT HAS BEEN GRANTED

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: EP

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R096

Ref document number: 502018010154

Country of ref document: DE

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: AT

Ref legal event code: REF

Ref document number: 1504326

Country of ref document: AT

Kind code of ref document: T

Effective date: 20220815

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: IE

Ref legal event code: FG4D

Free format text: LANGUAGE OF EP DOCUMENT: GERMAN

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: ES

Ref legal event code: FG2A

Ref document number: 2926293

Country of ref document: ES

Kind code of ref document: T3

Effective date: 20221025

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: LT

Ref legal event code: MG9D

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: NL

Ref legal event code: MP

Effective date: 20220713

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: HU

Ref legal event code: AG4A

Ref document number: E059961

Country of ref document: HU

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20220713

Ref country code: RS

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20220713

Ref country code: PT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20221114

Ref country code: NO

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20221013

Ref country code: NL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20220713

Ref country code: LV

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20220713

Ref country code: LT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20220713

Ref country code: FI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20220713

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IS

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20221113

Ref country code: HR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20220713

Ref country code: GR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20221014

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PL

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R097

Ref document number: 502018010154

Country of ref document: DE

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SM

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20220713

Ref country code: RO

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20220713

Ref country code: MC

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20220713

Ref country code: LU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20220831

Ref country code: LI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20220831

Ref country code: DK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20220713

Ref country code: CH

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20220831

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: BE

Ref legal event code: MM

Effective date: 20220831

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20220713

Ref country code: EE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20220713

26N No opposition filed

Effective date: 20230414

P01 Opt-out of the competence of the unified patent court (upc) registered

Effective date: 20230516

GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 20221013

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: AL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20220713

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20220831

Ref country code: FR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20220913

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20220713

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: BE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20220831

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20221013

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: CZ

Payment date: 20230821

Year of fee payment: 6

Ref country code: AT

Payment date: 20230822

Year of fee payment: 6

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: PL

Payment date: 20230721

Year of fee payment: 6

Ref country code: HU

Payment date: 20230823

Year of fee payment: 6

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 20230821

Year of fee payment: 6

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: ES

Payment date: 20231027

Year of fee payment: 6

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20220713

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: CY

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20220713

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: MK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20220713