EP3671978A1 - Electrical connector, module connection and circuit board assembly - Google Patents

Abstract

An electrical plug connection (13) is provided, which has a connecting element (4) with a first electrical plug connector (9.1) arranged at a first end (4.1) and a first electrical mating plug connector (10.1). The first mating connector (10.1) has contact springs (14) and the first connector (9.1) has an electrically conductive outer housing (5) with a first, at least partially annular contact area (15). The contact springs (14) act on the outer housing (5) via the first contact area (15) in order to establish electrical contact and a mechanical connection between the first connector (9.1) and the first mating connector (10.2). According to the invention, the contact springs (14) act on the first contact area (15) such that the outer housing (5) is subjected to an axial force (F _A ) acting along a longitudinal axis (L _G ) of the first mating connector (10.1), which presses the outer housing (5) against an axial end stop (21) of the first mating connector (10.1) and / or that the contact springs (14) are designed in such a way that they on the first contact area (15) and on a second, at least partially ring-shaped circumferential Contact area (23) of the outer housing (5), which is axially offset from the first contact area (15) along a longitudinal axis (L) of the connecting element (4), each acting orthogonally to the longitudinal axis (L _G ) of the first mating connector (10.1) Apply radial force (F _R ) to the outer housing (5).

Description

The invention relates to an electrical plug connection, comprising a connecting element with a first electrical connector arranged at a first end and a first electrical mating connector, according to the preamble of claim 1.

The invention also relates to a mating connector and a connecting element.

In addition, the invention relates to a module connection for connecting a first electrical module and a second electrical module according to the preamble of claim 13.

Furthermore, the invention relates to a circuit board arrangement, comprising at least a first circuit board and a second circuit board according to the preamble of claim 15.

Electrical assemblies generally have electronic circuits that are implemented on printed circuit boards ("PCBs") by interconnecting several electronic components. Frequently, several printed circuit boards are provided within a module in order to distribute a circuit spatially in a housing or a housing, for example, or to connect different modules of a module to one another. As a rule, this construction requires an electrical connection between the various printed circuit boards for signal and / or energy exchange. An electrical connection between different printed circuit boards may also be required, for example, if several electronic assemblies are to be connected to one another by communication. Overall, there are many reasons to connect several electrical circuit boards together.

Various possibilities are known for the electrical connection of printed circuit boards, including unshielded connectors, wire strands and ribbon cables. Such connections are also known under the name "board-to-board" connection. However, the conventional connections are generally inadequate, particularly for high-frequency technology.

In order to electrically connect two circuit boards to one another, coaxial connecting elements are often used to transmit signals for high-frequency technology in order to ensure a sufficiently high signal quality. In practice, a coaxial connector of the connecting element is connected to a mating connector mounted on a printed circuit board. The mating connector is preferably soldered or pressed onto the circuit board and electrically connected to strip dividers of the circuit board. A coaxial adapter, also called "adapter", connects the two coaxial connectors and thus bridges the distance between the two printed circuit boards in order to enable signal exchange.

As a rule, the known coaxial connecting elements have an inner conductor and an outer conductor which is electrically insulated from the inner conductor by means of an insulating part or dielectric, which are each produced as turned parts. The manufacture of the components by turning is usually necessary in order to achieve sufficiently good manufacturing tolerances and to enable a press fit. Particularly when the connecting element is to be used for high-frequency technology, the requirements for the manufacturing tolerances are particularly high.

The newer product generations of fasteners are also placing increasing demands on their miniaturization. On the one hand, the distance between the circuit boards and the distance ("pitch") between two adjacent circuit board connectors (hereinafter referred to as "mating connector") must be minimized.

Furthermore, the assembly and alignment of the connecting elements, not least because of the miniaturization, is now comparatively complex.

The present invention has for its object to simplify the construction and assembly of an electrical connector, in particular while maintaining electrical transmission properties suitable for high-frequency technology.

The invention is also based on the object of providing a corresponding mating connector and a corresponding connecting element of an electrical plug connection with an improved structure and simplified assembly.

The present invention is also based on the object of simplifying the construction and assembly of a module connection for connecting a first electrical module and a second electrical module, in particular while maintaining electrical transmission properties suitable for high-frequency technology.

The present invention is also based on the object of providing a printed circuit board arrangement which is particularly easy to assemble while maintaining electrical transmission properties which are suitable for high-frequency technology.

The object is achieved for the electrical connector by claim 1, for the mating connector by claim 10 and for the connecting element by claim 11. With regard to the assembly connection, the object is achieved by the features of claim 13 and with regard to the circuit board arrangement by the features of claim 15.

The dependent claims relate to advantageous embodiments and variants of the invention.

An electrical plug connection is provided which has a connecting element with a first electrical plug connector arranged at a first end. Furthermore, the electrical connector has a first electrical mating connector. The first mating connector has contact springs and the first connector has an electrically conductive outer housing with a first, at least partially annular contact area. The contact springs act on the outer housing via the first contact region in order to establish electrical contact and a mechanical connection between the first plug connector and the first mating plug connector.

The first electrical mating connector is preferably designed as a mating connector of a first electrical assembly, preferably as a circuit board connector of a first electrical circuit board.

If in the context of the invention one speaks of an at least partially annular contact area, for example of a first, at least partially annular contact area or a second, at least partially annular contact area, this is to be understood as a contact area which preferably runs completely annularly around the outer housing. The contact area can, however, also run only along an angular section or angular segment around the outer housing (partially in the form of a ring) or along several angular sections distributed around the outer housing in a partially annular manner.

The outer housing can in particular be formed in one piece with the outer housing of the connecting element. However, the first plug connector can also have an outer housing that is different from the outer housing of the connecting element.

The outer housing can be designed to be completely conductive or to be conductive only in sections. The outer housing can, for example, also have electrically non-conductive components.

Any number of contact springs can be provided within the scope of the invention, for example two contact springs, three contact springs, four contact springs, five contact springs, six contact springs, seven contact springs, eight contact springs or more contact springs.

It can be provided that the contact springs form a spring cage.

It is not necessary within the scope of the invention that the contact springs act on the first contact area in a completely circumferential manner.

All contact springs preferably act on the first contact area in the same axial height plane, tolerances and / or assembly-related deviations possibly being possible.

The contact springs can also be referred to as "spring clips" or "outer conductor spring clips".

According to the invention, it is provided that the contact springs act on the first contact area in such a way that the outer housing is subjected to an axial force acting along a longitudinal axis of the first mating connector, which forces the outer housing against an axial end stop of the first Mating connector presses. Alternatively or additionally, it is provided that the contact springs are designed such that they are orthogonal to the first contact area and to a second, at least partially annular contact area of the outer housing, which is axially offset from the first contact area along a longitudinal axis of the connecting element Apply the radial force acting on the longitudinal axis of the first mating connector to the outer housing.

The longitudinal axis of the connecting element can preferably be an axis of symmetry of the connecting element. The longitudinal axis of the first mating connector can preferably be an axis of symmetry of the first mating connector.

The axial force and / or radial force according to the invention can be a force component of the spring force of the contact springs.

In a preferred development of the invention, it can be provided that the outer diameter of the first contact area widens in the direction of the first end of the connecting element.

In particular, this configuration of the first contact area can result in an axial force component or the axial force according to the invention in order to press the first plug connector or the connecting element against the end stop.

In a further development of the invention it can also be provided that the contact springs are designed in such a way that they act on the outer housing via the second contact area.

In this way, a radial force component or the radial force according to the invention can result.

The first contact area and / or the second contact area can preferably have an outer diameter that is constant in the axial direction, for example cylindrical. It can then be provided, for example, to achieve the self-centering function of the connecting element by radial contacting in a cylindrical area if the contact areas and the contact springs are each arranged axially offset.

According to the invention, self-centering of the connecting element or the first connector of the connecting element can be provided in the first mating connector. Because of this self-centering, the “catch area” (also referred to as receiving area or insertion area) for the first connector can be reduced in size in the first mating connector and the entire first mating connector can thus be made more compact.

In one embodiment of the invention, it can in particular be provided that the contact springs, the first contact area and / or the second contact area are formed, that the contact springs apply a radial force component and an axial force component to the outer housing in such a way that that the longitudinal axis of the first connector is aligned parallel to the longitudinal axis of the first mating connector.

The parallel alignment of the longitudinal axes of the first connector or the connecting element and the first mating connector can lead to an orthogonal alignment of the connecting element on the end stop.

With self-centering of the first connector in the first mating connector, centering, i.e. H. a compensation of a lateral offset of the longitudinal axes of the first connector and the first mating connector and / or an orthogonal alignment of the longitudinal axis of the connecting element to the end stop or a parallel alignment of the longitudinal axes of the connecting element and the first mating connector, d. H. a compensation of a tilt or an inclined position of the first connector in the first mating connector should be understood. The longitudinal axes of the connecting element and the first mating connector are preferably aligned concentrically or coaxially. Self-centering according to the invention can also be understood to mean only an improvement in the position and / or position of the first connector in the first mating connector, as a result of which the longitudinal axis of the connecting element and the longitudinal axis of the mating connector at least approach one another.

In principle, the invention can be suitable for at least reducing an offset of the first connector in the first mating connector and / or an inclination of the first connector in the first mating connector. In particular, a tolerance-related offset of the first connector can remain in the first mating connector and / or a tolerance-related inclination of the first connector can remain in the first mating connector.

However, the longitudinal axes of the connecting element and the first mating connector preferably run coaxially after the self-centering according to the invention.

In a further development of the invention it can be provided that the first mating connector has a mating connector housing with a funnel-shaped insertion area for the first connector.

A funnel-shaped insertion area, in particular a conical receptacle for the first plug connector, can further simplify the assembly of the electrical plug connection. In particular, "blind" insertion of the first connector into the first mating connector can be made possible.

According to the invention, the diameter of the insertion area and thus the diameter of the entire mating connector housing can be reduced due to the self-centering of the first connector in the first mating connector according to the invention.

In one embodiment of the invention it can be provided that the contact springs form two groups which are axially offset along the longitudinal axis of the first mating connector and arranged in this way are that the first group of contact springs can act on the outer housing via the first contact area, and the second group of contact springs can act on the outer housing via the second contact area.

This configuration enables, in particular, an inclination of the connecting element or the first connector in the first mating connector to be avoided or at least reduced, since the first connector in the first mating connector will strive for a linear course between the two groups of contact surfaces in the axially offset contact springs .

In a further development of the invention it can be provided that the contact springs are mechanically prestressed in the first mating connector.

The contact springs can thus be guided in advance even before the first connector is inserted into the first mating connector.

Preloading the contact springs can be particularly advantageous if the outer diameter of the first contact area widens in the direction of the first end of the connecting element, since the first end of the connecting element that is broadened thereby results in a greater radial deflection of the contact springs and thus a higher insertion force compared to a conventional one Connection element conditional. In order to compensate for this, the preload of the contact springs can be helpful. In this way, the surface areas of the individual contact springs that axially touch the end face of the connecting element or the first end of the connecting element during the plugging process can be reduced. The inventor has recognized that this fact alone can already advantageously reduce the insertion force of the connecting element.

In a further development it can be provided that the mating connector housing has a collar which projects into the first mating connector and which is designed as a system for the contact springs in order to mechanically prestress the contact springs.

The collar or collar of the mating connector housing can preferably run completely ring-shaped. However, it can also be provided that the collar is only partially annular or distributed along at least one angular section, in particular in the radial sections in which the contact springs are located in the first mating connector. The contact springs can be preloaded individually, in any group or together on a completely encircling collar.

The collar of the mating connector for prestressing the contact springs can preferably form the funnel-shaped insertion area.

A metallic tensioning device or a metallic collar is preferably provided in order to bias the contact springs.

The pretensioning of the contact springs can be advantageous since the catch area or the insertion area of the mating connector (i.e. in particular the area from the contacting level to the end of the contact springs) can be made shorter. Thus, the "tensioning device" used for the pretensioning, in particular the generally cup-shaped collar of the mating connector housing, can take over the main task of the insertion area or catch funnel.

According to the invention, the axial length of the contact springs or a spring cage can be shortened due to the reduced insertion area or catching area.

By using a softer spring material, the resilient area of the contact springs can also be reduced.

A funnel-shaped insertion area can also form a touch guard for the contact springs and / or for an inner conductor spring cage of the mating connector.

The use of a collar of the mating connector housing for pretensioning the contact springs can be advantageous, on the one hand, since a collar can be implemented in a technically simple manner by reshaping the free end of the mating connector housing, and a suitably designed collar can simultaneously serve to form the funnel-shaped insertion area for the first connector.

The mechanical pretensioning of the contact springs may require less additional deflection of the contact springs compared to the case without pretensioning, when the first connector is inserted into the first mating connector, whereby the required contact force can nevertheless be achieved. As a result, a spring cage or contact springs with a higher spring elasticity can advantageously be used as a result.

The contact springs can in particular be preloaded in the assembled state in the first mating connector in order to be able to use contact springs with a flatter spring characteristic. This can have some advantages. In particular, the resilient area of the contact springs or the contact area in the first mating connector can be shortened, which can minimize the installation space. Furthermore, the spring material is stressed less, which is why a cheaper spring material can be used. Finally, the contact springs have to be expanded less when the first plug connector is plugged together with the first mating plug connector, as a result of which the insertion area of the contact springs can be made shorter, which can again reduce the installation space. Finally, the insertion area of the contact springs can also shorten the catch funnel or funnel-shaped insertion area of the first mating connector.

In one embodiment of the invention it can be provided, for example, that the contact springs are made of a material with a low modulus of elasticity, in particular of a material with a Modulus of elasticity of 200 GPa or less, preferably 150 GPa or less, particularly preferably 100 GPa or less.

For example, brass, spring bronze or copper beryllium can be provided as the material for forming the contact springs.

A higher spring elasticity can be achieved by using an appropriate material. As a rule, another advantage of a softer spring material is that it is cheaper.

In one embodiment of the invention it can also be provided that the contact springs are slotted, in particular slit lengthways.

Provision can also be made to provide specific geometries for the contact springs, for example long and narrow contact springs. A corresponding geometry and, if necessary, an additional slitting of the contact springs can also provide contact springs with higher spring elasticity.

In a further development of the invention it can be provided that the outer diameter of the first contact region widens conically, in particular linearly, convexly or concavely, in the direction of the first end of the connecting element.

The first contact area can thus in particular also be curved, for example concave or convex.

The self-centering according to the invention can preferably be achieved by contacting the contact springs on a cone, as a result of which an axial force component can be provided which presses the connecting element, for example, against an axial end stop, in particular an axial end stop formed by an insulating part, into the mating connector and thereby erects it.

In principle, the type of widening of the outer diameter of the first contact area is not important according to the invention. A linear expansion of the outer diameter is preferably provided. In principle, however, any curve shape can be provided to expand the outer diameter of the first contact area.

In a further development of the invention, it can be provided that the first mating connector has an insulating part which, when the first connector is plugged together with the first mating connector, at least partially penetrates into the outer housing of the first connector.

It can be provided that the connecting element has one or more inner conductors guided inside the outer housing.

The at least one inner conductor can penetrate a receptacle of the insulating part and, if necessary, mechanically and electrically contact a contact element of the first mating connector received within the insulating part.

According to a development of the invention, it can be provided that the insulating part contacts the outer housing at an inner contact region of the outer housing opposite the first contact region, in particular if the first plug connector and the first mating plug connector are plugged together, preferably are completely plugged together.

The inner contact area is preferably formed on an inner surface of the outer housing opposite the contact area forming the contact area.

The inner contact area preferably follows the geometry of the contact area.

It can be provided that the inner diameter of the inner contact area widens in the direction of the first end of the connecting element. The inner diameter of the inner contact region preferably widens conically, in particular linearly, convexly or concavely, in the direction of the first end of the connecting element.

In a further development it can be provided that the insulating part forms a collar pointing towards the outer housing in order to center the outer housing in the first mating connector.

The collar or collar of the insulating part can in particular be formed on the free end of the insulating part, which faces the connecting element.

A completely annular collar is preferably formed on the insulating part. However, a collar can also be provided, which only runs around the insulating part in the form of a partial ring or distributed along at least one angular section.

The collar of the insulating part can serve in particular to prevent asymmetry between the first connector of the connecting element and the first mating connector and to ensure concentricity between the first connector and the first mating connector.

While the contact springs, as a result of the interaction with the first contact area and / or with the second contact area, generally primarily correct an inclined position of the connecting element, the collar of the insulating part enables a distance between the longitudinal axes of the connecting element and the first mating connector to be avoided or at least reduced .

A collar at the distal end of the insulating part enables symmetry to be achieved, which makes it possible for all contact springs to be in the inserted state of the first connector with its distal one Do not contact the ends of the tensioning device or the collar of the connector housing used to pretension the contact springs. In this way, a second signal path on the outer conductor side via the mating connector housing or its collar can be prevented, which would otherwise form a self-contained signal path in the manner of a coil or inductance via the signal path of the contact springs. By contrast, the collar of the insulating part can prevent the excitation of undesired harmonics of a high-frequency signal, and the electrical plug connection is particularly suitable for use in high-frequency technology.

The collar on the insulating part can prevent or at least minimize the radial movement of the connecting element or a radial or lateral offset between the longitudinal axis of the connecting element and the longitudinal axis of the first mating connector when the first connector and the first mating connector are in the assembled state. This can be advantageous in order to prevent unwanted contact between the free end of the contact springs and the mating connector housing or the outer housing.

In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, it can be provided that the collar of the insulating part contacts the outer housing on the inner contact area of the outer housing, in particular if the first plug connector and the first mating plug connector are plugged together, preferably completely plugged together.

As a result, the self-centering of the connecting element can be further improved, in particular if the outer housing is mechanically clamped between the contact springs and the collar of the insulating part.

Preferably, the contact points at which the contact springs contact the outer housing at the first contact area and at which the collar of the insulating part contacts the outer housing at the inner contact area are axially offset along the longitudinal axis of the connecting element, in particular by a radial force acting orthogonally to the longitudinal axis of the first mating connector to apply to the outer casing. However, it can also be provided that the contact points are not offset axially along the longitudinal axis of the connecting element.

In a further development it can also be provided that the insulating part forms the axial end stop for the first connector in the first mating connector.

The invention also relates to a mating connector (the "first mating connector") for an electrical connector described above and below.

Furthermore, the invention relates to a connecting element for an electrical plug connection according to the above and following explanations.

According to the invention, a high electromagnetic compatibility of the connecting element can be provided.

The connecting element according to the invention can be particularly suitable for the transmission of electrical signals up to 8 GHz or more.

In a further development it can be provided that the connecting element is designed to connect a first electrical assembly to a second electrical assembly and has a rigid, tubular outer housing made of an electrically conductive material and an electrical cable guided in the outer housing along a longitudinal axis of the outer housing.

Insofar as it is a coaxial cable with an inner conductor, the longitudinal axis of the outer housing runs coaxially with the longitudinal axis of the inner conductor or coincides therewith. The longitudinal axis can also be defined by the fact that this is the axis that results when the focal points of the cross-sectional areas of the outer housing are connected to one another.

The outer housing preferably encases the electrical cable in a tubular shape.

The connecting element can preferably be designed coaxially in such a way that the longitudinal axes of the electrical cable and the outer housing lie on one another.

The outer housing does not have to be completely closed around the electrical cable and, in the sense of the invention, can also carry the electrical cable within it if it has recesses, in particular bores and / or slots.

According to the development, it can be provided that the electrical cable has at least one inner conductor and a dielectric enveloping the at least one inner conductor.

The dielectric enveloping the at least one inner conductor can in particular also be a cable sheath.

The electrical cable can preferably also be a "cable blank", i. H. deal with an unfinished electrical cable in which at least one inner conductor was first overmolded with an enveloping dielectric - after which potentially further manufacturing steps are dispensed with. In particular, it can be a blank of a coaxial cable in which a coaxial outer conductor (e.g. a cable shield braid and / or a shielding foil) and a cable jacket have not yet been mounted on the dielectric enveloping the inner conductor.

Instead of a cable, it is also possible to provide any dielectric with one or more inner conductors running therein, which are sheathed by the outer housing. For example, the inner conductor and / or the dielectric can be produced as a turned part (s).

According to the development, it can also be provided that at least a portion of the outer housing is shaped along the longitudinal axis in such a way that the electrical cable is fixed in the outer housing.

Since the connecting element according to the further development can consist of any tubular outer housing that can be produced and a commercially available electrical cable or cable blank accommodated in the outer housing, it can be inexpensive to produce in contrast to the known twisted connecting elements of the prior art. The connecting element can thus be particularly suitable for mass production. In the context of the invention, however, the connecting element can also be a turned part.

The fact that the outer housing is reshaped according to the development, i. H. can be brought into another shape plastically in a targeted manner without removing or adding material from the outer housing, a high mechanical holding force of the electrical cable can be provided in the outer housing, despite high manufacturing tolerances of the outer housing and / or the electrical cable which may be present. It is thus possible in particular to use an outer housing and / or an electrical cable which has comparatively large manufacturing tolerances, since a corresponding play between the outer housing and the electrical cable can be compensated for by the subsequent reshaping.

Furthermore, the shaping can be used to optimize the electrical adaptation for the transmission of signals in the high-frequency range.

The connecting element can be used advantageously in particular for the transmission of electrical signals in high-frequency technology. In principle, however, the connecting element can be suitable for any signal and / or energy transmission in the entire electrical engineering.

The connecting element can preferably be suitable for the mechanical and electrical connection of two printed circuit boards. In principle, however, the connecting element can also be provided for the mechanical and electrical connection of other electrical or electronic assemblies, for example for the connection between control units, filters, antennas or other modules to one another. For simplification, the invention is described below for the electrical and mechanical connection of two printed circuit boards. However, the term “printed circuit board” can readily be referred to and arbitrarily substituted by a person skilled in the art for any electrical or electronic assembly.

In the context of the invention, the outer housing of the connecting element can serve as the outer conductor of the connecting element in the transmission of electrical signals by means of the inner conductor of the electrical cable between the printed circuit boards.

In one embodiment of the connecting element it can be provided that the outer housing has a first plug connector at a first end and a second plug connector at a second end Connection to a respective mating connector of an electrical assembly, in particular a circuit board.

In a particularly simple embodiment, which is particularly preferred for connecting printed circuit boards, the plug connectors at the ends of the outer housing can also be formed by widening the ends of the outer housing and thereby forming a plug connector. The inner conductor (for example of the electrical cable) can protrude from the dielectric in a front section suitable for contacting, possibly starting from the ends, or the dielectric can be removed in this front section.

The plug connectors at the respective ends of the outer housing can also be referred to as “heads” of the connecting element and the area lying between the plug connectors as “adapters”.

The connectors formed at the ends of the outer housing can be designed as interfaces for connection to any other connector or mating connector.

The connectors at the ends of the outer housing are preferably round and coaxial. By means of the plug connection between a plug connector and a respective mating plug connector, the connecting element can be mechanically and electrically connected to the corresponding printed circuit board (or any other electrical assembly).

The connecting element, the outer housing and / or the inner conductor can also be passed through a recess in at least one of the printed circuit boards and, for example, can be fixed or connected on the side of the printed circuit board opposite the entry side.

Provision can also be made to connect the inner conductor and / or the outer housing of the connecting element directly to the respective printed circuit board or an electrical component, a strip conductor or a soldering pad by soldering, crimping, pressing or other connection technology. The use of a plug connection on the one hand and a direct connection on the other hand can also be provided. The specific connection technology is not important in the context of the invention. However, the use of connectors and mating connectors is particularly advantageous.

The connecting element can thus in particular be electrically conductively connected to a first circuit board at a first end and to a second circuit board at a second end in order to form an electrical path. The electrical path can be used for the transmission of electrical signals, in particular high-frequency signals, and / or for electrical energy transmission.

The first plug connector and the second plug connector are preferably configured differently from one another. In particular, it can be provided that the outer diameter of the first contact area of the first plug connector widens in the direction of the first end of the connecting element. whereas the outer diameter of the first contact area of the second connector remains constant, for example cylindrical towards the second end of the connecting element.

In one configuration of the connecting element, it can be provided that the electrically conductive material of the outer housing is non-magnetic. The electrically conductive material of the outer housing is preferably formed from a non-magnetic metal, particularly preferably from brass.

The term "non-magnetic" refers to a material on which a magnetic field has almost no or no effect. The property of negligible magnetic influence is sometimes referred to as "non-magnetic" or "non-magnetic". It is preferably a non-ferromagnetic material. In particular, the magnetic properties of non-ferrous metals or non-ferrous metals (non-ferrous metals), in particular brass or tin bronze, have been found to be particularly suitable according to the invention in the context of high-frequency simulations. However, other materials, in particular non-magnetic or weakly magnetic metals, for example also various stainless steels, can also be provided.

In one embodiment of the connecting element it can be provided that the electrical cable and / or the connecting element is formed concentrically and preferably from exactly one inner conductor and a dielectric which forms the cable sheath.

An electrical cable can also be provided which, in addition to an inner conductor, also has an outer conductor, the inner conductor and the outer conductor being separated by an insulator, and the electrical cable also having a cable sheath enveloping the outer conductor or the “dielectric” according to the invention.

Since, as a rule, a single transmission channel is to be provided for each connecting element for the connection between electrical printed circuit boards, the use of an electrical cable, which is formed by exactly one inner conductor and a dielectric or cable sheath enveloping the inner conductor, has proven to be particularly suitable.

A concentric structure is particularly suitable for use in high-frequency technology.

In one embodiment of the invention, however, it can also be provided that the electrical cable and / or the connecting element has at least one pair of inner conductors for differential signal transmission.

The pairs of inner conductors can in particular run in a twisted manner along the longitudinal axis of the connecting element or the cable (in the manner of a "twisted pair" cable). However, the inner conductor pairs can also be guided in parallel ("parallel pair").

When using a plurality of inner conductors, the respective inner conductors can each be individually insulated from one another, in particular surrounded by a respective insulator. The dielectric according to the invention can then envelop the entire number of inner conductors, for example in the manner of a cable jacket.

A single pair of inner conductors or several pairs of inner conductors, for example two, three, four or even more pairs of inner conductors, can be provided for differential signal transmission.

It can be provided that a plurality of sections of the outer housing are formed along the longitudinal axis of the outer housing, wherein the sections can be distributed along the longitudinal axis and / or radially on the outer surface of the outer housing, for example in the manner of notches.

In a particularly preferred embodiment of the connecting element, however, it can be provided that the outer housing is reshaped along exactly one coherent section of the outer housing.

In particular when using the connecting element for the transmission of high-frequency or high-bit-rate signals, a uniform shaping and in particular a shaping of a longest, contiguous section can be advantageous in order to transmit the electrical signals without interference, in particular without reflection.

For example, securing or mechanical fixing of the electrical cable by means of notches can represent an electrical fault, which can be avoided as far as possible by reshaping a single section, which preferably extends between the plug connectors of the connecting element.

In one embodiment of the invention it can be provided that the at least one coherent section along which the outer housing is formed extends along at least 50% of the total length of the outer housing, preferably at least along 75% of the total length of the outer housing, particularly preferably at least along 90% of the outer housing Total length of the outer housing and very particularly preferably extends completely or over the full length between the connectors of the outer housing.

The aforementioned values, which the at least one contiguous section preferably occupies along the entire length of the outer housing, can be achieved by a single contiguous section or else distributed over several sections. However, the formation of a coherent individual section is preferred.

The section along which the outer housing is formed preferably extends centrally between the plug connectors of the outer housing or centrally between the two ends of the outer housing.

In order to provide a connection element that is as free of defects as possible and thus particularly suitable for high-frequency technology, it is particularly advantageous to run the outer housing along a continuous line Form section that extends completely between the connectors of the outer housing.

A transition region with a variable outer diameter can be provided between the plug connectors, in particular round plug connectors with a first diameter, and the deformed section of the outer housing with a second diameter.

In a preferred embodiment of the connecting element it can be provided that the at least one section of the outer housing is shaped in such a way that the cross section of the outer housing in the shaped section has a circumference that is not circular.

The basic shape of the tubular outer housing or its cross section is preferably round or the circumference forms a circle (also referred to as a circular edge) and is brought into a different shape by the shaping at least in the at least one section. A round geometry or a circular circumference is particularly suitable for use in high-frequency technology due to the uniform distance between the wall of the outer housing and the inner conductor, which is why a round basic shape can be particularly preferred as a starting point for the outer housing.

In one embodiment of the connecting element, it can be provided that the cross section in the deformed section has two, three, four, five, six or more angular segments distributed uniformly along the circumference with the same, preferably constant radius and / or the same arc length.

It can be provided that the angular segments distributed along the circumference have the same radius and / or the same arc length.

The angle segments preferably have a constant radius. However, the radius of the angle segments can also be variable along the circumference of the angle segment, for example following an elliptical shape.

An embodiment of the angular segments with the same radii and the same arc lengths is preferred, but the electrical cable can also be fixed with sufficient transmission properties if the angular segments have the same radius or the same arc length.

Further variants of this, which also lead to a fixation of the cable in the outer housing and can ensure sufficient transmission properties, are shown below. Nevertheless, it is preferable if the angle segments have the same radius, preferably a constant radius and the same arc length.

As a result, the connecting element in the at least one section is brought into a shape which has a cross-sectional geometry in which the angular segments are distinguished on account of the coaxiality Have high frequency transmission properties. Between the angle segments with the same, preferably constant radius and the same arc length, (compensation) angle segments can be provided, which take up the mass displaced during the forming process from the angle segments with the same radius and the same arc length. It has been shown that the (compensation) angle segments only negligibly impair the electrical transmission properties of the connecting element. The fixing of the electrical cable with the aid of the angle segments, which each have the same radius and the same arc length, results in a high holding force, enables simple production and, as already stated, has excellent high-frequency transmission properties. Exactly three angular segments distributed along the circumference are preferably provided with the same, preferably constant radius and the same arc length, between which (compensation) angular segments are formed.

The angle segments are preferably of identical design and have an identical, constant radius and the same arc length. However, it is also possible for the angle segments to have only the same constant radius or the same arc length.

In one embodiment of the invention, it can further be provided that the angle segments have an identical, but not constant, radius. For example, the angle segments can have a course along their arc length or the circumference occupied by them, which does not correspond to a constant radius. For example, an elliptical course or another course can be provided.

In a further embodiment of the invention, it can be provided that the angle segments have different courses along the circumference or along the arc, that is to say that for example part of the angle segments has a constant radius and another part has a variable radius. In this embodiment, it is particularly advantageous if the different angle segments are arranged symmetrically, for example in such a way that the angle segments are arranged alternately with different courses. Provision can also be made for the angle segments to be arranged in pairs in such a way that two identical angle segments are always opposite each other in mirror image.

Analogously, the angle segments can also have different arc lengths, the angle segments preferably again being arranged symmetrically, for example in such a way that angle segments with different arc lengths are arranged alternately and / or that angle segments with identical arc lengths are arranged in pairs and are arranged in mirror image around the longitudinal axis of the connecting element.

In one embodiment of the invention it can be provided that the at least one section of the outer housing is shaped in such a way that the cross section of the outer housing in the shaped section corresponds to an equal thickness, preferably a Reuleaux triangle.

A "constant thickness" is a curve with a constant width, the closed line of which always touches all four sides in any position within a corresponding square.

This creates a specific geometry of the outer housing, which ensures a high mechanical holding force with sufficient coaxiality to ensure good signal transmission - especially for high-frequency technology.

A geometry of the same thickness can produce particularly good electrical properties, since regions with a precise distance from the inner conductor can ensure suitable electrical adaptation. In the corner areas, the volume fluctuation of the insulating part or the dielectric and the diameter fluctuation of the outer housing can be compensated for without unduly distorting the electrical adaptation.

In principle, a constant thickness with a higher number of side surfaces than a Reuleaux triangle can also be provided. For example, a uniform thickness with four, five, six, seven, eight or even more side surfaces can be provided.

However, an equal thickness with only two side surfaces can also be provided, similar to an ellipse. However, this geometry is generally not preferred.

In one embodiment of the invention it can be provided that the outer housing is formed by stamping or pressing or rolling.

According to an advantageous embodiment of the connecting element, it can in particular be provided that if the outer housing is stamped or rolled radially in the section or sections at three uniformly equidistant angular distances along the circumference, three circumferential sections arranged at a distance from one another with the same, preferably constant, circumferential sections Radius and the same arc length are formed.

Such a configuration results in a high holding force with excellent high-frequency transmission properties.

Three embossing jaws or embossing dies are preferably used, which convert the originally round cross-sectional geometry of the outer housing into the same-thickness cross-sectional geometry, in particular the Reuleaux triangle, in a corresponding embossing or pressing process.

In principle, a connecting element with a cross-sectional geometry can be provided which has coaxiality, ie angle segments with a constant radius, in at least three angle segments. In these areas, the connecting element can have excellent transmission properties for high-frequency technology. The slightly deteriorated coaxiality in the other segments then only negligibly deteriorates the electrical performance of the entire connecting element.

The total diameter of the connecting element in the section formed along the longitudinal axis of the connecting element can be, for example, 2 to 8 mm, preferably 2.5 to 4 mm, particularly preferably approximately 3 mm. The diameter of the electrical cable can be, for example, 1 to 7 mm, preferably 1.5 to 2.5 mm, particularly preferably approximately 1.8 mm. The diameter of the inner conductor can be, for example, 0.5 mm to 1 mm, preferably approximately 0.7 mm. The length of the connecting element can be, for example, 7 to 60 mm, preferably 7 to 20 mm, particularly preferably about 10 mm. In principle, however, the person skilled in the art can design the dimensions of the connecting element as desired, in particular with regard to the respective application and the distance between the printed circuit boards or electrical assemblies to be connected.

The invention further relates to a module connection for connecting a first electrical module and a second electrical module, comprising a connecting element with a first connector arranged at a first end and a second electrical connector arranged at a second end. The assembly connection also has a first mating connector and a second mating connector, the mating connectors being designed for connection to the connectors of the connecting element and for connection to an electrical assembly in each case.

A plurality of module connections can also be provided for connecting the first electrical module to the second electrical module.

In the context of the assembly connection according to the invention, it is provided that the first mating connector contact springs and the first connector have an electrically conductive outer housing with a first, at least partially annular contact area. The contact springs act on the outer housing via the first contact region in order to establish electrical contact and a mechanical connection between the first plug connector and the first mating plug connector.

With regard to the assembly connection according to the invention, it is provided that the contact springs act on the first contact area in such a way that the outer housing is subjected to an axial force acting along a longitudinal axis of the first mating connector, which presses the outer housing against an axial end stop of the first mating connector. Alternatively or additionally, it is provided that the contact springs are designed such that they are orthogonal to the first contact area and to a second, at least partially annular contact area of the outer housing that is axially offset from the first contact area along a longitudinal axis of the connecting element Apply the radial force acting on the longitudinal axis of the first mating connector to the outer housing.

With regard to the assembly connection according to the invention, it can in particular be provided that the outer diameter of the first contact area points in the direction of the first end of the connecting element expanded and / or that the contact springs are designed such that they act on the outer housing via the second contact area.

According to the invention, the connecting element can be self-centered in that an axial and at the same time a radial force component acts on the connecting element in its contact area with the first mating connector.

In a further development it can be provided that the second connector is formed differently from the first connector, preferably has a first, at least partially annular contact area which runs cylindrically along the longitudinal axis of the connecting element.

The invention also relates to a printed circuit board arrangement, comprising at least a first printed circuit board and a second printed circuit board, the printed circuit boards being arranged in mutually parallel planes.

In particular, the surfaces of the printed circuit boards that can be fitted with electrical components run parallel to one another.

The circuit board arrangement can comprise any number of circuit boards, but at least two. Even if the invention is described below for the purpose of illustration essentially for connecting two electrical printed circuit boards, the printed circuit board arrangement can, for example, also comprise three printed circuit boards, four printed circuit boards, five printed circuit boards or even more printed circuit boards.

The circuit boards to be connected to one another are preferably arranged parallel to one another in different planes. In particular, a tolerance-related deviation from the parallel arrangement, for example of up to 10 °, preferably of up to 5 ° and particularly preferably of up to 4 °, is to be understood here as encompassed by the term "parallel".

The printed circuit boards can be in direct contact with one another or preferably spaced apart, in particular have a gap between them.

With regard to the printed circuit board arrangement, it is provided that at least one connecting element is arranged between the printed circuit boards in order to electrically connect the printed circuit boards to one another, the connecting element having an electrically conductive outer housing. Furthermore, at least one of the printed circuit boards has a first electrical mating connector with contact springs, the contact springs acting on the outer housing via a first, at least partially annular contact region of a first electrical connector arranged at a first end of the connecting element, in order to make electrical contacting and a mechanical connection between the first connector and the first mating connector.

With regard to the printed circuit board arrangement according to the invention, it is also provided that the contact springs act on the first contact area in such a way that the outer housing is aligned with one along a Axial force acting on the longitudinal axis of the first mating connector is pressed, which presses the outer housing against an axial end stop of the first mating connector. Alternatively or additionally, it is provided that the contact springs are designed such that they are orthogonal to the first contact area and to a second, at least partially annular contact area of the outer housing, which is axially offset from the first contact area along a longitudinal axis of the connecting element Apply the radial force acting on the longitudinal axis of the first mating connector to the outer housing.

With regard to the circuit board arrangement according to the invention, it can in particular be provided that the outer diameter of the first contact area widens in the direction of the first end of the connecting element and / or that the contact springs are designed such that they act on the outer housing via the second contact area.

Due to the design of the first contact area widening in the direction of the first end of the connecting element, the contact force acting normally from the individual contact springs (perpendicular to the first contact area of the connecting area) can have a radial and at the same time an axial force component, in contrast to the prior art. The axial component of the contact force can enable an orientation of the connecting element perpendicular to the first electrical assembly and thus self-centering of the connecting element in the first mating connector.

The connecting element (without mating connector) can also be referred to as an adapter part or "bullet" and is connected with its respective ends to the respective printed circuit board or inserted into a corresponding mating connector of the printed circuit board or directly into the printed circuit board.

In the circuit board arrangement, at least one connecting element can be provided for connecting the printed circuit boards, but in principle any number of connecting elements can be provided, for example two connecting elements, three connecting elements, four connecting elements, five connecting elements, ten connecting elements, fifty connecting elements, one hundred connecting elements or even more connecting elements. In principle, the person skilled in the art is able to determine the number of connecting elements used depending on the number of electrical signals to be transmitted, for example the number of necessary channels.

The invention further relates to a method for producing a connecting element for connecting a first electrical assembly to a second electrical assembly, according to which an electrical cable having at least one inner conductor and a dielectric enveloping the at least one inner conductor is inserted into a rigid, tubular outer housing along a longitudinal axis . The outer housing is produced from an electrically conductive material, at least a portion of the outer housing being deformed along the longitudinal axis after the electrical cable has been inserted in such a way that the electrical cable is fixed in the outer housing.

A forming and joining method can thus be provided for the construction of a connecting element for a printed circuit board arrangement.

The inner diameter of the outer housing is preferably designed to be larger than the outer diameter of the electrical cable. This enables particularly easy joining or insertion of the electrical cable into the outer housing (clearance fit). For example, the outer diameter of the deep-drawn part can be 0.1% to 0.5% larger than the outer diameter of the electrical cable, for example up to 1%, 2%, 3%, 5% or even larger than the outer diameter of the electrical cable.

When assembling a connecting element, a blank cable or an electrical cable can be joined with a preferably drawn tube. The joining process can preferably be carried out with a clearance fit, after which the tube or the outer housing is then radially compressed. The cross section resulting from the reshaping can in particular be designed in such a way that both the mechanical and the electrical properties of the connecting element are optimized. For this purpose, high-frequency simulations can be used in advance, for example.

By optimizing the electrical properties of the connecting element with a simultaneously high mechanical holding force of the electrical cable in the outer housing, according to the invention a connecting element with particularly fast and trouble-free data transmission can be provided. Furthermore, the construction of the connecting element can be inexpensive and thus suitable for mass production.

In particular, since the electrical cable is fixed in the outer housing by its reshaping, no chips, scrapings or other abrasive damage can occur on the insulating part or on the dielectric during the production of the connecting element.

The electrical cable is preferably produced from exactly one inner conductor, in particular a metallic inner conductor, which is subsequently extrusion-coated with a non-conductive material or a dielectric. In principle, the electrical cable can also have further inner conductors. A concentric cable is preferably used.

In one embodiment it can be provided that the outer housing is deep drawn, extruded or turned from a metal blank.

In particular, deep-drawing the outer housing has proven to be particularly advantageous, since in this case the outer housing can be produced comparatively inexpensively and, due to the shaping according to the invention, for fixing the electrical cable, the large tolerances or deviations from the target dimensions that may result from deep-drawing are not particularly important.

In one embodiment it can further be provided that the at least one section of the outer housing is shaped by stamping and / or rolling.

In principle, however, any shaping process or shaping technique can be provided, for example bending. However, an embossing or rolling technique is particularly suitable. Due to the subsequent reshaping of the outer housing, the electrical cable can also be joined with larger diameter tolerances, although good mechanical retention and optimal electrical design can nevertheless be achieved. Reshaping the outer housing is not absolutely necessary within the scope of the invention.

An axial rolling process, i. H. rolling along the longitudinal axis of the outer housing may be provided.

However, a radial rolling process can also be provided, in which rolling is carried out radially or tangentially along the outer circumference of the outer housing.

Basically, it can be provided that the section of the outer housing is shaped by longitudinal rolling, stretching rolling, transverse rolling, ring rolling and / or diagonal rolling.

In one embodiment of the method, it can be provided that the at least one section of the outer housing is shaped by stamping using two or more stamping jaws, preferably three or more stamping jaws. The reshaping is preferably carried out in such a way that the cross section of the reshaped section corresponds to an equal thickness, preferably a Reuleaux triangle.

The number of stamping jaws preferably corresponds to the number of side faces of the same thickness; for example, three embossing jaws are provided for reshaping the cross section into a Reuleaux triangle.

The cross section of the outer housing can have areas which are defined very precisely by the closed stamping dies or stamping jaws and in which the mechanical and electrical properties dominate, as well as areas which compensate for the component tolerances and the fit clearance.

Instead of stamping jaws or stamps, other suitably designed pressing or stamping tools can also be used.

In one embodiment, it can in particular be provided that the at least two embossing jaws each have a central region which forms an embossing surface, the course of which corresponds to the course of the circumference of the cross section of the outer housing after the embossing, and the course of the embossing jaws in the outer regions around the middle Area around each is set back to accommodate the material of the outer housing displaced by the embossing during the embossing. A region set back with respect to the central region of the cross section of the embossing jaws is particularly suitable for accommodating material of the outer housing that has been displaced due to tolerances.

The embossing die or each embossing jaw can thus have a curvature in the central area, the curvature corresponding to the curvature in the respective area of the outer housing at the end of the embossing process.

In one embodiment it can be provided that the outer housing is stamped or rolled radially in the section or sections at three circumferential sections evenly distributed along the circumference in such a way that the three circumferential sections arranged at a distance from one another are formed with the same, preferably constant radius and the same arc lengths are, wherein a compensating section is formed between each two circumferential sections, which receives displaced material from the embossed or rolled circumferential sections.

The compensating section, also referred to above as the (compensating) peripheral section, enables material that has been displaced to escape during the embossing or rolling process. The embossing jaws or stamps can be designed accordingly.

It can be provided that all of the embossing jaws have the same curvature in their central region, so that angle segments are formed with the same, preferably constant radius and the same arc length. The radius does not necessarily have to be constant. Other curvatures are also possible here, for example an elliptical course can be provided. A constant radius is preferred, however, in order to achieve particularly good electrical transmission properties.

The embossing jaws may also be designed such that the arc length of the angle segments is not the same length. The embossing jaws are preferably arranged at least in such a way that they emboss or press the outer housing symmetrically, so that the cross-sectional area of the outer housing has a symmetrical shape in the embossed or pressed area.

The connecting element according to the invention is preferably suitable for the transmission of high-frequency signals. In principle, however, the connecting element can also be used for the transmission of low-frequency signals or for the transmission of electrical supply signals.

Features that have already been described in connection with the electrical plug connection according to the invention can of course also be advantageously implemented for the mating plug connector, the connecting element, the module connection and the circuit board arrangement - and vice versa. Furthermore, advantages which have already been mentioned in connection with the electrical plug connection according to the invention can also be understood in relation to the mating plug connector, the connecting element, the module connection and the circuit board arrangement - and vice versa. In addition, it should be pointed out that terms such as "comprehensive", "exhibiting" or "with" do not exclude other features or steps. Furthermore, terms such as "a" or "that" that indicate a number of steps or features do not exclude a plurality of steps or features - and vice versa.

• die in Anspruch 4 aufgeführten Merkmale in Kombination mit dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1;
• die in Anspruch 5 aufgeführten Merkmale in Kombination mit dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1;
• die in Anspruch 6 aufgeführten Merkmale in Kombination mit dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1;
• die in Anspruch 7 aufgeführten Merkmale in Kombination mit den in Anspruch 6 aufgeführten Merkmalen und dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1;
• die in Anspruch 8 aufgeführten Merkmale in Kombination mit den in Anspruch 6 aufgeführten Merkmalen und dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1;
• die in Anspruch 9 aufgeführten Merkmale in Kombination mit den in Anspruch 6 aufgeführten Merkmalen und dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1;
• die in Anspruch 12 aufgeführten Merkmale des Verbindungselements in Kombination mit den im Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 aufgeführten Merkmalen des Verbindungselements;
• die in Anspruch 14 aufgeführten Merkmale in Kombination mit dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs13.

At this point it should be mentioned that the specific combinations of features mentioned in the dependent claims, taken alone in combination with the preamble of the respective claim to which they refer, can represent independent inventions within the scope of the claimed overall concept according to the invention. Accordingly, the applicant reserves the right to claim the following subjects as an independent invention:

• the features listed in claim 4 in combination with the preamble of claim 1;
• the features listed in claim 5 in combination with the preamble of claim 1;
• the features listed in claim 6 in combination with the preamble of claim 1;
• the features listed in claim 7 in combination with the features listed in claim 6 and the preamble of claim 1;
• the features listed in claim 8 in combination with the features listed in claim 6 and the preamble of claim 1;
• the features listed in claim 9 in combination with the features listed in claim 6 and the preamble of claim 1;
• the features of the connecting element listed in claim 12 in combination with the features of the connecting element listed in the preamble of claim 1;
• the features listed in claim 14 in combination with the preamble of claim 13.

The further claims and the features mentioned in the entire description relate to advantageous embodiments and variants of the above-mentioned independent inventions.

Exemplary embodiments of the invention are described in more detail below with reference to the drawing.

The figures each show preferred exemplary embodiments in which individual features of the present invention are shown in combination with one another. Features of an exemplary embodiment can also be implemented separately from the other features of the same exemplary embodiment and can accordingly be easily connected by a person skilled in the art to further meaningful combinations and sub-combinations with features of other exemplary embodiments.

In the figures, functionally identical elements are provided with the same reference symbols.

Figur 1

eine Leiterplattenanordnung, aufweisend eine erste Leiterplatte und eine zweite Leiterplatte sowie ein zwischen den Leiterplatten angeordnetes Verbindungselement in einer Schnittdarstellung;

Figur 2

das Außengehäuse des Verbindungselement der Figur 1 in isometrischer Darstellung;

Figur 3

den Querschnitt des Verbindungselements der Figur 1 entlang der in Figur 1 dargestellten Schnittebene III vor dem Umformen durch drei Prägebacken;

Figur 4

den Querschnitt des Verbindungselements der Figur 1 entlang der in Figur 1 dargestellten Schnittebene III nach dem Umformen mit den drei Prägebacken;

Figur 5

eine isometrische Schnittdarstellung einer erfindungsgemäßen elektrischen Steckverbindung, aufweisend einen ersten elektrischen Steckverbinder und einen ersten elektrischen Gegensteckverbinder;

Figur 6

eine Schnittdarstellung der erfindungsgemäßen elektrischen Steckverbindung der Figur 5 in einem Zustand vor dem Einführen des ersten Steckverbinders in den ersten Gegensteckverbinder;

Figur 7

die elektrische Steckverbindung der Figur 6 nach dem Einführen des ersten Steckverbinders in den ersten Gegensteckverbinder und vor einer erfindungsgemäßen Selbstzentrierung;

Figur 8

die elektrische Steckverbindung der Figur 7 nach einer erfindungsgemäßen Selbstzentrierung;

Figur 9

eine vergrößerte Schnittdarstellung des Kontaktbereichs der elektrischen Steckverbindung der Figur 5 zur Darstellung der Vorspannung der Kontaktfedern;

Figur 10

eine vergrößerte Schnittdarstellung des Kontaktbereichs einer elektrischen Steckverbindung gemäß einer beispielhaften Ausgestaltung mit Kontaktfedern mit hoher Federelastizität;

Figur 11

eine Baugruppenverbindung gemäß dem Stand der Technik in einem Zustand nach dem Einstecken des ersten Steckverbinders in den ersten Gegensteckverbinder in einer Seitenansicht;

Figur 12

eine erfindungsgemäße Baugruppenverbindung in einem Zustand nach dem Einstecken des ersten Steckverbinders in den ersten Gegensteckverbinder in einer Seitenansicht;

Figur 13

die erfindungsgemäße Baugruppenverbindung der Figur 12 in einem vollständig gesteckten Zustand; und

Figur 14

eine alternative Ausführungsform des ersten Steckverbinders mit einem ersten Kontaktbereich und einem zweiten Kontaktbereich.

They show schematically:

Figure 1

a circuit board arrangement, having a first circuit board and a second circuit board and a connecting element arranged between the circuit boards in a sectional view;

Figure 2

the outer housing of the connecting element of the Figure 1 in isometric representation;

Figure 3

the cross section of the connecting element of the Figure 1 along the in Figure 1 cutting plane III shown before forming by three stamping jaws;

Figure 4

the cross section of the connecting element of the Figure 1 along the in Figure 1 Section plane III shown after forming with the three stamping jaws;

Figure 5

an isometric sectional view of an electrical connector according to the invention, having a first electrical connector and a first electrical mating connector;

Figure 6

a sectional view of the electrical connector of the invention Figure 5 in a state before the first connector is inserted into the first mating connector;

Figure 7

the electrical connector of the Figure 6 after insertion of the first connector into the first mating connector and before self-centering according to the invention;

Figure 8

the electrical connector of the Figure 7 after self-centering according to the invention;

Figure 9

an enlarged sectional view of the contact area of the electrical connector of the Figure 5 to show the preload of the contact springs;

Figure 10

an enlarged sectional view of the contact area of an electrical connector according to an exemplary embodiment with contact springs with high spring elasticity;

Figure 11

a module connection according to the prior art in a state after inserting the first connector in the first mating connector in a side view;

Figure 12

an assembly connection according to the invention in a state after inserting the first connector in the first mating connector in a side view;

Figure 13

the assembly connection of the invention Figure 12 in a fully mated condition; and

Figure 14

an alternative embodiment of the first connector with a first contact area and a second contact area.

In Figure 1 a circuit board arrangement 1 is shown in a sectional view. The printed circuit board arrangement 1 has a first printed circuit board 2 and a second printed circuit board 3, which are arranged parallel to one another in different planes. In principle, however, further circuit boards can also be provided within the scope of the invention.

A connecting element 4 is arranged between the printed circuit boards 2, 3 in order to electrically connect the printed circuit boards 2, 3 to one another. In Figure 1 For reasons of clarity, a state of the connecting element 4 with the printed circuit boards 2, 3 that has not yet been plugged together is shown.

All size relationships shown in the drawings are to be understood only as examples, in particular the size relationships between the printed circuit boards 2, 3, the connecting element 4 and the mating connectors 10.1, 10.2, 10.2 'described below.

In principle, any number of connecting elements 4 can be provided for the electrical and mechanical connection of the printed circuit boards 2, 3. The connecting element 4 can in particular connect an electrical circuit 2.1 of the first printed circuit board 2 to an electrical circuit 3.1 of the second printed circuit board 3.2, in particular for the transmission of high-bit-rate signals between the electrical circuits 2.1, 3.1.

Basically, the connecting element 4 and the module connection 22 according to the invention are suitable for the mechanical and electrical connection between any electrical modules, in particular a first electrical module and a second electrical module. For illustration purposes, however, only the use of the connecting element 4 with respect to the connection of two printed circuit boards 2, 3 is described in the exemplary embodiment; d. H. a concrete embodiment variant in which the first electrical assembly is designed as a first printed circuit board 3 and the second electrical assembly is designed as a second printed circuit board 4. However, this is not to be understood as limiting the invention.

The connecting element 4 comprises a preferably rigid, tubular outer housing 5 made of an electrically conductive material. One or more inner conductors 7 can be guided in the outer housing 5. Furthermore, one dielectric 8 or several dielectrics can be provided. In the exemplary embodiment, purely by way of example, an electrical cable 6 is provided in the outer housing 5 along a longitudinal axis L of the outer housing 5 or the connecting element 4.

The electrically conductive material of the outer housing 5 can preferably be non-magnetic, in particular consist of a non-magnetic material. Brass is preferably used.

The electrical cable 6 has at least one inner conductor 7, in the exemplary embodiment exactly one inner conductor 7, and a dielectric 8 enveloping the inner conductor 7. The electrical cable 6 shown in the exemplary embodiments is a concentrically formed electrical cable 6, which consists of exactly one inner conductor 7 and a dielectric 8 forming a cable sheath. In principle, it can also be provided that the electrical cable 6 has a plurality of inner conductors 7, for example at least one pair of inner conductors, which is preferably provided for differential signal transmission.

The outer housing 5 of the connecting element 4 serves as the outer conductor of the connecting element 4. The connecting element 4 has at each of its ends 4.1, 4.2 a connector 9.1, 9.2 for connection to a respective mating connector 10.1, 10.2 of the respective printed circuit board 2, 3. As a result, the inner conductor 7 is also connected to the respective mating connector 10.1, 10.2. The connectors 9.1, 9.2 of the connecting element 4 are, as shown in the exemplary embodiment, preferably round.

In the exemplary embodiment, it is provided that the plug-in connectors 9.1, 9.2 are formed by the outer housing 5 being widened at its ends or having an enlarged diameter.

At least one of the connectors 9.1, 9.2 can, however, also be omitted. The connecting element 4 can then optionally also be inserted directly into the printed circuit boards 2, 3 or using any suitable connection technology, eg. B. soldering or crimping, connected to the circuit boards 2, 3.

It can be provided in the course of the production of the connecting element 4 that at least one section A, in the exemplary embodiment exactly one section A, of the outer housing 5 is shaped along the longitudinal axis L such that the electrical cable 6 is fixed in the outer housing 5. The section A can extend at least along 50% of the total length of the outer housing 5, but preferably along 75% of the total length of the outer housing 5, particularly preferably at least along 90% of the total length of the outer housing 5 and very particularly preferably completely between the plug connectors 9.1, 9.2 of the outer housing 5, as provided in the embodiment. In particular, if one of the plug connectors 9.1, 9.2 is omitted, section A can also extend completely over the entire length of the connecting element 4.

Basically, however, a reshaping of one or more sections of the outer housing 5 in the manner of notches can also be provided in order to fix the electrical cable 6 in the outer housing 5. However, this is not preferred in view of the then deteriorated electrical properties. Reshaping of the outer housing 5 is, however, fundamentally not necessary within the scope of the invention.

For further clarification shows Figure 2 an isometric representation of the outer housing 5 of the connecting element 4 with a graphic highlighting of the cross section Q of the deformed section A of the outer housing 5. The cross section Q resulting after the reshaping is also shown in FIG Figure 4 shown.

A tubular outer housing 5 made of a round, metallic blank can be provided, the outer housing 5 preferably being deep-drawn, extruded or extruded from the metallic blank is rotated. The at least one section A of the outer housing 5 is then preferably reshaped such that the cross section Q of the outer housing 5 in the reshaped section A is no longer round or the circumference is no longer circular (cf. Figure 2 and Figure 4 ). The at least one section of the outer housing 5 is preferably reshaped such that the cross section Q of the outer housing 5 in the reshaped section A follows an equal thickness, in the exemplary embodiment a Reuleaux triangle.

With regard to an advantageous method of manufacturing the connecting element 4, it can be provided that the electrical cable 6, which has the at least one inner conductor 7 and the dielectric 8, is inserted into the outer housing 5 along the longitudinal axis L, preferably with sufficient press play, after which the at least one section A of the outer housing 5 is deformed along the longitudinal axis L such that the electrical cable 6 is fixed in the outer housing 5.

The section A of the outer housing 5 can be shaped, for example, by stamping and / or rolling (axially or radially). The forming is preferably carried out by embossing. For further clarification, FIGS. 3 and 4 show the cross section Q of the connecting element 4 before the embossing process ( Figure 3 ) and after the embossing process ( Figure 4 ).

How out Figure 3 As can be seen, the outer diameter of the electrical cable 6 is made smaller than the inner diameter of the outer housing 5 for easy insertion into the outer housing 5. Correspondingly, there is play between the outer housing 5 and the electrical cable 6.

Two or more stamping jaws 11 can be provided to fix the electrical cable 6 by means of an advantageous stamping process. Three embossing jaws 11 are preferably provided, as shown in the exemplary embodiment, in particular in order to shape section A in such a way that cross-section Q follows a uniform thickness, for example a Reuleaux triangle, after shaping.

The cross-section of the embossing surface 12 of the embossing jaws 11 can be in a central region B _M (cf. Figure 4 ) correspond to the profile of the cross section Q of the outer housing 5 after embossing. The outer areas B _A (cf. Figure 4 ) around the central area B _M each set back.

How in particular the Figure 4 It is provided in the exemplary embodiment that the outer housing 5 is pressed or stamped or rolled radially on three circumferential sections evenly distributed along the circumference in such a way that the three circumferential sections spaced apart from one another are formed with the same and constant radius and the same arc lengths. These are the peripheral sections of the outer housing 5, which are formed by the central region B _M. Between each of these circumferential sections there is a compensating section which receives material displaced from the pressed-in or stamped or rolled circumferential sections. The compensating sections are located within the angular sections of the outer areas B _A and are formed by two adjacent outer areas B _{A of} two adjacent stamping jaws 11.

Figure 5 shows an electrical connector 13 according to the invention in a perspective sectional view. The plug connection 13 has a connecting element 4 with a first electrical connector 9.1 arranged at a first end 4.1 and a first mating connector 10.1 of a first electrical assembly, in the present case again the first printed circuit board 2.

The first mating connector 10.1 has contact springs 14 and the first connector 9.1 has an electrically conductive outer housing which is formed in one piece with the outer housing 5 of the connecting element 4 and has a first ring-shaped circumferential contact region 15. The contact springs 14 act on the outer housing 4 via the first contact region 15 in order to establish electrical contact and a mechanical connection between the first connector 9.1 and the first mating connector 10.1.

It is provided that the outer diameter of the first contact area 15 widens in the direction of the first end 4.1 of the connecting element 4.

Alternatively or additionally, it can be provided that the contact springs 14 are designed in such a way that they contact the outer housing 5 via a second, ring-shaped circumferential contact region 23 of the outer housing 5, which is axially offset from the first contact region 15 along the longitudinal axis L of the connecting element 4 act. This variant is only an example in Figure 14 shown. The second contact area 23 and the first contact area 15 can also merge into one another. The first contact area 15 and the second contact area 23 can each have an axial extent which corresponds to the area to be expected in which the contact springs 14 are able to act on the first plug connector 9.1 - if necessary also taking into account tolerances and mechanical stress on the plug connection 13.

The contact springs 14, the first contact area 15 and / or the second contact area 23 are designed such that the contact springs 14 apply a radial force component and an axial force component to the outer housing 5 in such a way that the first plug connector 9.1 is preferably coaxially aligned with the first mating connector 10.1 . The principle is in the Figures 6 to 8 shown.

In Figure 6 the first connector 9.1 and the first mating connector 10.1 are shown in a non-mated condition. Figure 7 shows a state in which the first connector 9.1 and the first mating connector 10.1 have already been plugged together, for example by a fitter, but the connecting element 4 or its longitudinal axis L is still tilted to the longitudinal axis L _{G of} the first mating connector 10.1. According to the invention, due to the radial and axial force component of the contact springs 14, self-centering of the connecting element 4 or the first connector 9.1 in the first mating connector 10.1 can be provided, which can preferably lead to a coaxial alignment, as in FIG Figure 8 shown.

It can preferably be provided that the first mating connector 10.1 has a mating connector housing 16 with a funnel-shaped insertion area 17 for the first connector 9.1. The funnel-shaped insertion area 17 is, for example, in FIG Figure 5 recognizable, formed by a collar 18 protruding into the first connector 9.1, which at the same time is designed as a contact for the contact springs 14 in order to mechanically prestress the contact springs 14.

Figure 9 shows an enlarged sectional view of the insertion area 17 of the first mating connector 10.1. In particular, the pretensioning of the contact springs 14 by the stop for the contact springs 14 formed by the collar 18 of the mating connector housing 16 is shown in FIG Figure 9 good to see.

In principle, however, the contact springs 14 can also be preloaded in the first mating connector 10.1 in a different way or else be omitted.

It may also be advantageous to increase the elasticity of the contact springs 14 by a suitable choice of the material of the contact springs 14 or a corresponding geometry of the contact springs 14. An exemplary geometry to achieve a high contact spring elasticity is in Figure 10 shown.

In the exemplary embodiment, the outer diameter of the first contact region 15 widens conically and essentially linearly in the direction of the first end 4.1 of the connecting element 4. In principle, however, the outer diameter of the first contact region 15 can expand according to any curve, for example, expand convexly or concavely.

As shown in the exemplary embodiments, the first mating connector 10.1 has an insulating part 19 which, when the first connector 9.1 is plugged together with the first mating connector 10.1, at least partially penetrates into the outer housing 5 of the first connector 9.1. The insulating part 19 also has a collar 20 pointing in the direction of the outer housing 5 in order to center the outer housing 5 in the first mating connector 10.1, in particular in order to compensate for an axial offset. Furthermore, the insulating part 19 forms an axial end stop 21 for the first connector 9.1 in the first mating connector 10.1, against which the connecting element 4 can be pressed, which further supports self-centering.

It can be provided that the insulating part 19 contacts the outer housing 5 at an inner contact region 15 ′ opposite the first contact region 15 (cf. the plugged-together state of the plug connection 13 in FIG Figure 5 ). The inner contact region 15 'is arranged on the inner wall of the outer housing 5 and follows the geometry of the outer wall of the outer housing 5. The inner diameter of the inner contact region 15' of the outer housing 5 thus widens in the direction of the first end 4.1 of the connecting element 4. Advantageously The collar 20 of the insulating part 19 thus contacts the inner contact region 15 ′, with an axial offset of the contact points of the contact springs 14 with the first contact region 15 and the collar 20 with the inner contact region 15 ′ along the longitudinal axis L of the connecting element 4, centering the connecting element 4 can continue to support. However, the contact springs 14 and the collar 20 can also contact the outer housing on the same “height plane” along the longitudinal axis L.

The Figure 12 shows a module connection 22 for connecting a first electrical module (in the exemplary embodiment, the first circuit board 2) and a second electrical module (in the exemplary embodiment, the second circuit board 3), having a connecting element 4 with a first electrical connector 9.1 and arranged at a first end 4.1 a second electrical connector 9.2 arranged at a second end 4.2 and a first mating connector 10.1 and a second mating connector 10.2. The mating connectors 10.1, 10.2 are designed for connection to the connectors 9.1, 9.2 of the connecting element 4 and for connection to an electrical assembly or printed circuit board 2, 3, respectively. The first mating connector 10.1 has, for example, the in the Figures 5 to 9 shown contact springs 14 and the first connector 9.1 an electrically conductive outer housing 5 with a first, ring-shaped circumferential contact area 15. The contact springs 14 act on the outer housing 5 via the first contact region 15 in order to establish an electrical contact and a mechanical connection, for example also a lock, between the first connector 9.1 and the first mating connector 10.1.

According to the invention, self-centering can be provided for the assembly connection 22 shown. As a result, the outer diameter of the first contact area 15 can widen in the direction of the first end 4.1 of the connecting element 4 and / or the contact springs 14 can be designed such that they extend over a second, ring-shaped contact area 23 (see Figure 14 ) of the outer housing 5, which is axially offset from the first contact region 15 along the longitudinal axis L of the connecting element 4, act on the outer housing 5.

The principle of self-centering is when comparing the Figures 11 and 12 good to see. In Figure 11 which shows an assembly connection 22 according to the prior art in a state after the first connector 9.1 and the first mating connector 10.1 have been plugged together, the longitudinal axis L of the connecting element 4 of the prior art is related to the longitudinal axis L _{G of} the first mating connector 10.1 of the prior art Technology still tilted. In Figure 12 on the other hand, a coaxial alignment of the connecting element 4 or of the first connector 9.1 to the first mating connector 10.1 is shown after the connecting element 4 has self-centered according to the invention. The coaxial alignment of the first connector 9.1 in the first mating connector 10.1 leads in the exemplary embodiment to a parallel alignment of the longitudinal axis L of the connecting element 4 to the longitudinal axis of the second mating connector 10.2.

A particular advantage of self-centering can be that the insertion area 17 of the mating connectors 10.1, 10.2 can be reduced in size compared to the prior art. To clarify this is in the Figures 11 to 13 a parallel offset of the longitudinal axis L _{G of} the first mating connector 10.1 and the longitudinal axis of the second mating connector 10.2 and 10.2 'is shown. Such an offset can result, for example, from a non-ideal alignment of the printed circuit boards 2, 3 with respect to one another. In order to compensate for the offset and to enable uncomplicated, preferably blind plugging of the connectors 9.1, 9.2 with the mating connectors 10.1, 10.2, 10.2 ', the insertion area 17, 17' of the mating connectors 10.1, 10.2, 10.2 'must be dimensioned accordingly large, what the diameter of the entire mating connector 10.1, 10.2, 10.2 'increased overall. An oblique position of the connecting element 4 in the first mating connector 10.1 can this problem even increase what when comparing the Figures 11 and 12 is clearly recognizable. Due to the alignment of the connecting element 4 in the first mating connector 10.1 according to the invention, the insertion area 17 of the second mating connector 10.2 can be significantly reduced in size to the insertion area 17 'of the second mating connector 10.2' of the prior art.

Figure 13 shows a fully inserted module connection 22 according to the present invention. To compensate for the lateral misalignment of the longitudinal axis L of the connecting element 4 and the longitudinal axis of the second mating connector 10.2, the connecting element 4 is again in a slightly inclined position when fully plugged in, but this is generally not a problem.

As especially with the help of Figures 1, 2 , 12 and 13 can be seen, the second connector 9.2 of the assembly connection 22 is formed differently from the first connector 9.1. In the exemplary embodiment, the first plug connector 9.1 has the first, ring-shaped circumferential contact region 15, the outer diameter of which widens towards the first end 4.1 of the connecting element 4. In contrast, the second plug connector 9.2 has a first, ring-shaped circumferential contact area, which runs cylindrical along the longitudinal axis L of the connecting element 4 and thus with a constant outer diameter.

In principle, however, it can also be provided that the first connector 9.1 and the second connector 9.2 are of similar or identical design.

Claims (15)

Electrical plug connection (13), comprising a connecting element (4) with a first electrical plug connector (9.1) arranged at a first end (4.1) and comprising a first electrical mating connector (10.1), the first mating connector (10.1) contact springs (14) and the first plug connector (9.1) has an electrically conductive outer housing (5) with a first, at least partially annular contact area (15), and the contact springs (14) act on the outer housing (5) via the first contact area (15) to establish an electrical contact and a mechanical connection between the first connector (9.1) and the first mating connector (10.2),
characterized in that
the contact springs (14) act on the first contact area (15) in such a way that the outer housing (5) is subjected to an axial force (F _A ) acting along a longitudinal axis (L _G ) of the first mating connector (10.1), which acts on the outer housing (5 ) presses against an axial end stop (21) of the first mating connector (10.1) and / or that the contact springs (14) are designed such that they on the first contact area (15) and on a second, at least partially annular contact area (23) of the Outer housing (5), which is axially offset from the first contact area (15) along a longitudinal axis (L) of the connecting element (4), each has a radial force (F _R ) acting orthogonally to the longitudinal axis (L _G ) of the first mating connector (10.1) onto the outer housing (5). Electrical plug connection (13) according to claim 1,
characterized in that
the outer diameter of the first contact area (15) widens in the direction of the first end (4.1) of the connecting element (4). Electrical plug connection (13) according to claim 1 or 2,
characterized in that
the contact springs (14) are designed such that they act on the outer housing (5) via the second contact region (23). Electrical plug connection (13) according to one of Claims 1 to 3,
characterized in that
the first mating connector (10.1) has a mating connector housing (16) with a funnel-shaped insertion area (17) for the first connector (9.1). Electrical plug connection (13) according to one of Claims 1 to 4,
characterized in that
the mating connector housing (16) has a collar (18) projecting into the first mating connector (10.1), which is designed as a contact for the contact springs (14) in order to mechanically pretension the contact springs (14). Electrical plug connection (13) according to one of Claims 1 to 5,
characterized in that
the first mating connector (10.1) has an insulating part (19) which, when the first connector (9.1) is plugged together with the first mating connector (10.1), at least partially penetrates into the outer housing (5) of the first connector (9.1). Electrical plug connection (13) according to claim 6,
characterized in that
the insulating part (19) contacts the outer housing (5) at an inner contact region (15 ') of the outer housing (5) opposite the first contact region (15) when the first plug connector (9.1) and the first mating plug connector (10.1) are plugged together. Electrical plug connection (13) according to claim 6 or 7,
characterized in that
the insulating part (19) forms a collar (20) pointing towards the outer housing (5) in order to center the outer housing (5) in the first mating connector (10.1). Electrical plug connection (13) according to one of Claims 6 to 8,
characterized in that
the insulating part (19) forms the axial end stop (21) for the first connector (9.1) in the first mating connector (10.1). Mating connector (10.1) for an electrical connector (13) according to one of claims 1 to 9. Connecting element (4) for an electrical plug connection (13) according to one of claims 1 to 9. Connecting element (4) according to claim 11 for connecting a first electrical assembly (2) to a second electrical assembly (3), comprising a rigid, tubular outer housing (5) made of an electrically conductive material and one in the outer housing (5) along a longitudinal axis (L) of the outer housing (5) guided electrical cable (6), the electrical cable (6) having at least one inner conductor (7) and a dielectric (8) enveloping the at least one inner conductor (7), and wherein at least one section ( A) of the outer housing (5) is shaped along the longitudinal axis (L) in such a way that the electrical cable (6) is fixed in the outer housing (5). Module connection (22) for connecting a first electrical module (2) and a second electrical module (3), comprising a connecting element (4) with a first electrical connector (9.1) arranged at a first end (4.1) and one at a second End (4.2) arranged, second electrical connector (9.2) and a first electrical mating connector (10.1) and a second electrical mating connector (10.2), the mating connector (10.1, 10.2) for connection to the connectors (9.1, 9.2) of the connecting element ( 4) and are designed for connection to an electrical assembly (2, 3), the first mating connector (10.1) contact springs (14) and the first connector (9.1) an electrically conductive outer housing (5) with a first, at least partially ring-shaped Has contact area (15), and wherein the contact springs (14) via the first contact area (15) on the outer housing (5) to establish an electrical contact and a mechanical connection between the first connector (9.1) and the first mating connector (10.1),
characterized in that
the contact springs (14) act on the first contact area (15) in such a way that the outer housing (5) is subjected to an axial force (F _A ) acting along a longitudinal axis (L _G ) of the first mating connector (10.1), which acts on the outer housing (5 ) presses against an axial end stop (21) of the first mating connector (10.1) and / or that the contact springs (14) are designed such that they on the first contact area (15) and on a second, at least partially annular contact area (23) of the Outer housing (5), which is axially offset from the first contact area (15) along a longitudinal axis (L) of the connecting element (4), each has a radial force (F _R ) acting orthogonally to the longitudinal axis (L _G ) of the first mating connector (10.1) onto the outer housing (5). Module connection (22) according to claim 13,
characterized in that
the second connector (9.2) is designed differently from the first connector (9.1), preferably has a first, at least partially annular contact area that runs cylindrically along the longitudinal axis (L) of the connecting element (4). Printed circuit board arrangement (1), comprising at least a first printed circuit board (2) and a second printed circuit board (3), the printed circuit boards (2, 3) being arranged in mutually parallel planes, and at least one between the printed circuit boards (2, 3) Connection element (4) is arranged to electrically connect the circuit boards (2, 3) to one another, the connection element (4) having an electrically conductive outer housing (5), and wherein at least one of the circuit boards (2, 3) has a first electrical mating connector (10.1) with contact springs (14), the contact springs (14) connecting to a first, at least partially annular contact area (15) of a first end (4.1) of the connecting element (4) arranged, the first electrical connector (9.1) Outer housing (5) act to make electrical contact and a mechanical connection between the first connector (9.1) and the first mating connector to produce the (10.1),
characterized in that
the contact springs (14) act on the first contact area (15) in such a way that the outer housing (5) is subjected to an axial force (F _A ) acting along a longitudinal axis (L _G ) of the first mating connector (10.1), which acts on the outer housing (5 ) presses against an axial end stop (21) of the first mating connector (10.1) and / or that the contact springs (14) are designed such that they on the first contact area (15) and on a second, at least partially annular contact area (23) of the Outer housing (5), which is axially offset from the first contact area (15) along a longitudinal axis (L) of the connecting element (4), each has a radial force (F _R ) acting orthogonally to the longitudinal axis (L _G ) of the first mating connector (10.1) onto the outer housing (5).

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