EP3671026B1 - Luminaire - Google Patents

Description

The invention initially relates to a lamp for illuminating building surfaces.

Such lights have been developed and manufactured by the applicant for some time.

Luminaires of the generic type are, for example, in the patent applications DE 10 2008 063 369 A1 , DE 10 2010 022 477 A1 , DE 10 2009 060 897 A1 , DE 10 2010 008 359 A1 , EP 2 327 927 A1 , DE 10 2012 006 999 A1 , DE 10 2013 011 877 A1 and DE 10 2013 021 308 A1 described, all of which can be traced back to the applicant.

From the previously known lamps of the generic type, it is already known to bundle the light coming from a light source, in particular from an LED, by collimator optics and then to feed it to tertiary optics in the form of a lens plate. Such a lens plate is for example in EP 2 204 604 B1 described.

In order to change the emission characteristics of the lamp, ie the light distribution that can be generated with the lamp, it is known to use lens plates with different lens elements. By replacing a first lens plate with a second lens plate, which has lens elements with different radii of curvature or different facets, the beam angle of the lamp can be changed, for example.

Finally, from the subsequently published German patent application DE 10 2017 122 956 A1 the applicant known another generic lamp.

From the WO 2011/032056 A1 a lamp is known in which pairs of lens plates are described with lens arrangements that can be nested with one another. The embodiment of 13 and 14 this document shows two pairs of lens plates, the embodiment of 15 of this document comprises two pairs of lens arrangements, which are combined into three lens plates. It is not clear from the publication that lenticular lenses extending along different directions are arranged on the first outer lens plate and on the second outer lens plate.

Based on a lamp of the type described above, the object of the invention is to further develop a known lamp in such a way that the lamp allows a change in its emission characteristics in a convenient manner.

The invention relates to a lamp according to claim 1.

The principle of the invention is to provide three lens plates. The lens plates are connected in series. The light emitted by the focusing optics first penetrates the first lens plate, and then the second lens plate and finally the third lens plate. Each of the three lens plates has a plurality of lens elements. The lens elements are in particular grouped, further in particular arranged in groups according to a predetermined grid or according to a predetermined structure.

The middle of the two lens plates is referred to below as the middle lens plate.

The outer lens sheet closest to the LED(s) is referred to as the first outer lens sheet and the remaining third lens sheet is called the second outer lens sheet.

According to the principle of the invention, the lamp comprises at least one focusing lens. A bundling optic is understood to be a device that can bundle the light emitted by the light source. In particular, it can be a collimator optics, that is, a lens element that brings about the bundling. Alternatively, the bundling optics can also be provided by a reflector element.

What is decisive is that parallel or substantially parallel light or approximately parallel light is emitted by the light source and the bundling optics, which are also collectively referred to as the light drive.

Insofar as the invention is described using collimator optics in the course of this patent application, this should only be understood as an example for bundling optics in general.

The lamp according to the invention also includes at least one adjusting device. The distance between two lens plates in each case can be changed by means of the at least one adjusting device. Advantageously, the lamp comprises a first adjusting device with which the distance between the first outer lens plate and the middle lens plate can be changed, and a second adjusting device with which the distance between the second outer lens plate and the middle lens plate can be changed. The two adjusting devices can advantageously be configured and designed in such a way that the distances between the two outer lens plates and the middle lens plate can each be changed independently of one another. From the invention is however also included if the two adjusting devices are coupled by means of a positive control which ensures that when the distance between the first outer lens plate and the middle lens plate changes, the distance between the second outer lens plate and the middle lens plate also changes automatically.

Finally, provision can also be made for the middle lens plate to be displaceable alone, thereby achieving a relative change in the distance of the middle lens plate from the first outer lens plate and at the same time from the second outer lens plate.

In a first variant, the at least one adjustment device can move the first outer lens plate relative to the middle lens plate fixedly arranged on the housing, or alternatively move the middle lens plate relative to the first lens plate fixedly arranged relative to the housing.

According to a further variant, all three lens plates can be displaced relative to the housing and are displaced relative to one another by the at least one adjustment device, changing their distance.

The principle according to the invention also consists in the fact that the lamp provides light distributions that are different from one another when the lens plates are at different distances from one another. Thus, with a first spacing of the two pairs of lens plates, the lamp can provide a first emission characteristic, for example a narrow, oval light emission, and with a second different spacing of the pairs of lens plates from each other provide a second light distribution, for example a wider oval light distribution.

In a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the luminaire generates a first oval light distribution in a first distance position of a pair of lens plates, which is elongated along a first axial direction, and in a second, changed distance position at least one of the pairs of lens plates from one another generates a second oval light distribution which is elongated along a second axial direction, the second axial direction being perpendicular to the first axial direction.

This means that any desired oval light distribution can be generated, both in terms of the width of the light distribution and its orientation.

According to a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention, the length of an oval light distribution along a first axial direction can be varied by relative displacement of the first outer lens plate relative to the middle lens plate while the height remains the same, and by relative changing the distance between the second outer lens plate and the middle lens plate in this embodiment, with the height remaining the same, the length of the oval light distribution can be varied in the direction of a second direction perpendicular to the first direction.

Luminaires for illuminating building surfaces are considered to be any luminaires that serve as floor, wall or ceiling luminaires of a building, possibly as spotlights or as recessed luminaires, to illuminate a building surface or part of a building. Equally, lights are understood to mean the surfaces of an outdoor area of a building, ie z. B. Parking spaces, green spaces or path areas, can illuminate. Building areas to be illuminated within the meaning of claim 1 also include paintings or art objects to be illuminated.

The lamp can for example be designed as a spotlight, and z. B. on the ceiling in a building room or on the floor, also in an outdoor space, be arranged in a variable and lockable position. However, it can also be designed as a downlight, for example, and illuminate floor areas or wall areas of the building space.

The lamp includes a housing in which at least the light source is housed. In particular, the lamp may also include self-evident components such. B. a base for the light source, z. B. in the case of an LED light source designed as a circuit board, and electronic controls or other electronic components. The lamp can also have a power supply. An integrated or external control gear can be assigned to the luminaire, which is arranged in a separate housing or in the same housing.

One or more LEDs are preferably provided as the light source. Alternatively, other light sources, such as lasers, can also be considered. Preference is given to using punctiform, or almost punctiform, light sources.

So-called COB LEDs (i.e. chip on board LEDs) can also be used as a light source. These can, for example, together with a reflector or together with a collimator, provide focusing optics within the meaning of the invention.

The light source forms a unit together with the collimator optics. The collimator optics are used to focus the light emitted by the light source, especially from the LED, emitted light. If an LED is used as the light source, the collimator optics can be conventional collimator optics, as disclosed in the patent rights of the applicant described at the outset, the content of which is hereby included in the disclosure content of this patent application.

Within the scope of this patent application, the light source is also referred to as the light drive together with the bundling optics, in particular the collimator optics. The light drive serves in particular to project parallel, or essentially parallel, light onto the input side of a first lens plate. The three lens plates are transparent or translucent, and consist z. B. made of a transparent plastic, or glass. Preferably, the lens plates are each made of plastic, e.g. B. made of PMMA, or acrylic glass, or a comparable plastic provided, and can in particular be formed by an injection molded part.

The two outer lens plates can be identical or essentially identical in design. Although the two outer lens plates are identical in shape in this embodiment, they can be oriented or positioned differently. In a variant of the invention, all three lens plates are designed differently.

The light emitted from the collimating optics enters the entrance surface of the first lens plate and exits through the exit side of the first lens plate. From there it is directed to the entrance side of the second - middle - lens plate, and emerges through the exit surface of the second lens plate. From there it hits the entrance side of the second outer lens plate and subsequently exits again through the exit surface of the second outer lens plate.

In the light path behind the second outer lens plate, the lamp can also have a cover glass. However, the invention particularly includes lights in which no further optical elements are arranged in the light path behind the second outer lens plate. Of course, the invention also includes lights in which a diffuser film or comparable elements are also arranged in the light path behind the second outer lens plate.

According to the invention, at least one adjusting device is provided. The distance between the two pairs of lens plates can be changed by means of the adjustment device or by means of the two adjustment devices. The adjusting devices can be motor-driven or change the distance between the two pairs of lens plates as a result of manual operation. The adjustment path can be a few millimeters, for example. The pairs of lens plates are each displaceable at least between a first spaced position and a second spaced position. In a first distance position of the first pair of the two pairs of lens plates, the lamp generates a first light distribution, and in a second, different distance position of the first pair of the two pairs of lens plates - with an unchanged or changed distance position of the second pair of the two pairs of lens plates - the luminaire generates a second distribution that differs from the first.

In the same way, the lamp generates a third light distribution when the spacing of the second pair of the two pairs of lens plates changes—when the spacing of the first pair of the two pairs of lens plates changes or remains unchanged.

The different light distributions described can, for example, include different oval light distributions of the lamp, for example a first axially short oval light distribution in a first axial direction, furthermore a second, elongated oval light distribution along the same axial direction, as a third light distribution a first short oval light distribution along a second Axis direction, which is perpendicular to the first axis direction, and as a fourth light distribution, a second, axially elongated oval light distribution along the second axis direction.

In a variant of the invention, the distance between each two lens plates can be changed continuously, and more preferably essentially steplessly. In an alternative embodiment of the invention, the distance between each two lens plates in discrete steps, that is, z. B. gradually, changeable.

Numerous lens elements are arranged on each of the three lens plates. The lens elements of the middle lens plate can be provided, for example, by spherical or aspherically curved facets.

In one variant of the invention, a multiplicity of lens elements on the middle lens plate are assigned to each lens element on the first outer lens plate. In this variant, the light incident on the lens element of the first outer lens plate from the collimator optics is exclusively directed onto a plurality of specific opposing lens elements on the middle lens plate. According to a variant of the invention, this one-to-one assignment of the lens elements on the different lens plates is also preserved for different distance positions.

Equally, it is advantageously provided that the light falling from a lens element of the middle lens plate always strikes only a specific lens element of the second outer lens plate.

In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, this assignment can also be retained for different distances between the lens plates.

Due to the fact that the collimator optics radiates parallel or essentially parallel light onto the first outer lens plate, the individual beams of rays are comparable:
Each or almost every lens element on the first outer lens plate is permanently assigned to opposite lens elements on the middle lens plate. Corresponding pairs of opposing lens elements each show the same optical behavior when the lens plates are at different distances from one another.

The fixed assignment of one lens element of the first outer lens plate to several lens elements of the middle lens plate is ensured by the fact that in one embodiment of the invention the rotational position of these two lens plates relative to one another is not changed during the change in distance. A positioning device can ensure this.

In another embodiment of the invention, however, during a relative change in the distance between a pair of two lens plates, the rotational position of these two lens plates can also undergo a change.

According to the invention, the lens elements can each be arranged on one side or else on both sides of at least one of the lens plates.

If the lens elements are arranged on only one side of the lens sheet, they can be arranged facing each other or arranged opposite each other.

The invention also includes when the lens elements of a lens plate are all identical or similar to one another. However, the invention also includes when the lens plates carry different lens elements or multiple groups of different lens elements, with the lens elements of a group being of identical design.

The lens elements of a lens plate can have an identical radius, for example, so that all lens elements of a lens plate have an identical focal length.

The lens elements of one of the other two lens plates can have the same or a different radius. In a variant of the invention, the focal length of the lens elements of the first outer lens sheet is larger or smaller than the focal length of the lens elements of the middle lens sheet, or larger or smaller than the focal length of the lens elements of the second outer lens sheet.

The individual lens elements, in particular on the central lens plate, can be provided, for example, by spherical or aspherical curvatures, for example also by paraboloids of revolution. The individual lens elements can be approximately described by a spherical shape or by a radius.

According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the at least one adjusting device comprises at least one motor, in particular an electric motor, drive. An adjustment device is equipped, for example, with an electric motor which can ensure a direct displacement of at least one lens plate relative to at least one other lens plate. The drive can cooperate with a controller that can receive control commands. For this purpose, it can be provided, for example, that an actuating device is provided directly on the light, in particular in the housing of the light, or on a housing of the operating device, or in direct association with the light, which allows a user to directly or indirectly control commands to change of the light emission characteristics of the luminaire. Alternatively, the drive can also be controlled via a central lighting control system, e.g. B. from a remote or distanced from the lamp arranged command center, z. B. be addressed by a light control center.

According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the at least one adjustment device includes at least one manually operable adjustment element. Here, for example, by manual operation, z. B. by a rotary switch, a toggle, a rotatable collar, or another control element or actuator, for a change in distance between two lens plates.

According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the adjusting device is assigned a positioning device which ensures that the relative rotational position between at least two, preferably between all three lens plates is maintained when the distance between the two lens plates is changed. The relative rotational position of at least one lens plate relative to at least one other lens plate is maintained during the change in distance. This can, for example, provide a rotation prevention, the z. B. includes guide rods or corresponding recordings or the like.

Axial bearings can also ensure the desired axial movement of the lens plates relative to one another without performing a rotary movement.

According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the different light distributions include different emission angles of the lamp along different axis directions.

According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the different light distributions of the lamp in a first distance position of a first pair of lens plates include a first oval light distribution, which is elongated along a first axial direction.

Provision can also be made for the lamp to generate a second light distribution that differs from the first light distribution when this pair of lens elements is in a different distance position and/or when the other pair of lens elements is in a different distance position, in which an oval light distribution is also achieved. Here, the second oval light distribution can be elongated along a second emission direction, with the second axial direction being perpendicular to the first axial direction.

In addition, numerous other light distributions can be achieved, which cause a continuous smooth transition between the light distributions described. It can also be circular or square or almost circular or almost square light distributions are generated.

A change in the light distribution according to the invention can, for example, include a change in the emission angle from a first oval, axially short characteristic to a second oval, axially elongated characteristic.

An oval light emission characteristic within the meaning of the present patent application includes, in particular, a light distribution with a contour that is longer in a first direction than in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction.

For the sake of good order, it is pointed out that the beam angle or angle specification of a light distribution within the meaning of the present invention refers in particular to that angle which is referred to as the opening angle in the professional sense and represents the so-called "full width half max" value. This is therefore the value of the light emission angle at which the light intensity has fallen to about half the maximum light intensity.

In this respect, a contour of a light distribution is the course of this “full width half max” value that can be seen and/or measured on the building surface to be radiated.

According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the respective distance between the lens plates of a pair of lens plates can be changed continuously. This can be guaranteed by a steplessly operating adjustment device. With a continuous change in the distance between the two lens plates, a continuous change in the Emission characteristics of the lamp, in particular a continuous change in the emission angle or a continuous change in the ovality or ovacity of the emission characteristics or the oval light distribution, can be achieved.

According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, at least one of the three lens plates is fixed relative to the housing, and the other two lens plates can be displaced relative to the middle lens plate and/or relative to the housing by means of at least one adjusting device.

In this way, a particularly precise adjustment of the lens plates relative to one another can be ensured.

According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the lens elements on at least one of the three lens plates include facets. In particular, the facets are curved. All or almost all lens elements are advantageously designed as facets. All or almost all of the facets are also advantageously of identical design.

The facets can be spherical or aspherically curved. In particular, they can also be approximated to a sphere. Furthermore, the facets can be provided by a paraboloid of revolution and have, for example, a parabolic or essentially parabolic cross-section.

According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, a focal length can be assigned to a lens element. It can advantageously be provided that the same or almost the same focal length is assigned to each or nearly each of the lens elements.

Further advantageously, the adjustment path, along which the distance between two lens plates can be changed from one another, is approximately on the order of two focal lengths. This means that two lens plates can be displaced relative to one another between a first spaced position, in which they contact one another, and a second spaced position, in which they are approximately two focal lengths apart.

According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, at least one lens element of one lens plate is assigned to at least one lens element of the other lens plate. The assignment can in particular be fixed. This means that the assignment is maintained even when the distance between two lens plates changes. It can further advantageously be provided that the light falling from the collimator optics onto a specific lens element of the first outer lens plate is directed exclusively to a plurality of specific opposite lens elements of the middle lens plate. According to one embodiment of the invention, it can also advantageously be provided that the light emitted by a lens element of the middle lens plate is always thrown onto a specific lens element of the second outer lens plate.

Another advantage is that this fixed assignment cannot be changed along the entire adjustment path.

According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the assignment is made such that light components emanating from the collimator optics strike a lens element of the first outer lens plate and are only directed to specific lens elements of the middle lens plate.

According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the assignment of the lens elements of the first outer lens element to the lens elements of the middle lens plate is maintained when the distance between the lens plates changes.

According to the invention, the lens elements on a first outer lens sheet and on a second outer lens sheet comprise lenticular lenses or lenticular facets. These are axially elongated, cylindrical facets which are curved along a first plane and are not curved, or at most slightly or slightly curved, along a second plane which is transverse thereto.

According to the invention, the lamp has three lens plates, a first outer lens plate, a middle lens plate and a second outer lens plate.

Lenticular lenses are advantageously arranged on the two outer lens plates. The middle lens plate advantageously has lenticular facets.

The lenticular lenses of the first outer lens sheet are elongated in a first direction and the lenticular lenses of the second outer lens sheet are elongated along a second direction, the second direction being perpendicular to the first direction.

As a result, oval light distributions of different widths can be generated in two different, mutually perpendicular axis directions. Circular or approximately circular or square or approximately square or rectangular or essentially rectangular light distributions or light field contours can also be generated by superimposing two oval distributions.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the three lens plates are fixed in a relative rotational position to one another, so that their rotational position does not change when the lens plates are displaced axially.

In an alternative embodiment of the invention, the rotational position of at least one of the three lens plates can be changed relative to at least one other of the three lens plates.

According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the luminaire is characterized in that the lenticular lenses on the first outer lens plate extend along a first direction, and that the lenticular lenses on the second outer lens plate extend along a second direction, the second direction being perpendicular to the first direction.

According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the lamp is characterized in that the relative distance between the first outer lens plate and the middle lens plate can be changed by means of a first adjusting device independently of the relative distance between the second outer lens plate and the middle lens plate, which can be changed by means of a second adjusting device.

Further advantages of the invention result from the uncited subclaims and from the following description of the numerous exemplary embodiments illustrated in the figures.

Fig. 1a

in einer teilgeschnittenen, blockschaltbildartigen, schematischen Ansicht ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel einer erfindungsgemäßen Leuchte mit einem Lichtantrieb umfassend eine LED und einen Kollimator und drei mittels zwei Verstelleinrichtungen relativ zueinander verstellbaren Linsenplatten,

Fig. 1b

die Leuchte der Fig. 1a in einer schematischen, teilgeschnittenen Ansicht, etwa gemäß Schnittlinie Ib-Ib in Fig. 1a,

Fig. 2

in einer abgebrochenen, schematischen Unteransicht, etwa entlang Ansichtspfeil II in Fig. 1a, die mittlere Linsenplatte unter Andeutung der relativen Positionen der Lichtantriebe,

Fig. 3

ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel einer erfindungsgemäßen mittleren Linsenplatte in einer Darstellung gemäß Fig. 2,

Fig. 4

ein Ausführungsbeispiel einer erfindungsgemäßen ersten äußeren Linsenplatte in einer Darstellung gemäß Fig. 2, etwa entlang Ansichtspfeil IV in Fig. 1a, unter Veranschaulichung von Lentikularlinsen,

Fig. 5

eine teilgeschnittene, schematische Ansicht der ersten äußeren Linsenplatte etwa gemäß Schnittlinie V-V in Fig. 4,

Fig. 6

ein Ausführungsbeispiel einer erfindungsgemäßen zweiten äußeren Linsenplatte, etwa gemäß Ansichtspfeil VI in Fig. 1a, vergleichbar der Darstellung gemäß Fig. 4,

Fig. 7

eine teilgeschnittene, schematische Ansicht der zweiten äußeren Linsenplatte, etwa entlang der Schnittlinie VII-VII in Fig. 6,

Fig.8a

in einer teilgeschnittenen, schematischen, verkleinerten Ansicht einen Ausschnitt aus der Leuchte der Fig. 1, mit angedeuteter Verstelleinrichtung und den drei Linsenplatten in einer ersten maximalen Abstandsstellung,

Fig. 8b

den Ausschnitt aus der Leuchte der Fig. 8a in einer um 90° gedrehten Anordnung, etwa entlang der Schnittlinie Vlllb-Vllb in Fig. 8a,

Fig. 8c

schematisch eine auszuleuchtende Gebäudefläche mit der von der Leuchte der Fig. 8a auf der Gebäudefläche generierten Lichtverteilung entsprechend der Abstandsstellung der beiden Linsenplatten gemäß Fig. 8a und 8b,

Fig. 9a

die schematische Anordnung der Fig. 8a mit einer geänderten Abstandsstellung der ersten äußeren Linsenplatte und der mittleren Linsenplatte zueinander, wobei der Abstand zwischen der mittleren Linsenplatte und zweiten äußeren Linsenplatte unverändert ist,

Fig. 9b

die Leuchte der Fig. 9a in einer Darstellung gemäß Fig. 8b,

Fig. 9c

die Lichtverteilung in einer Darstellung gemäß Fig. 8c bei einem Linsenplattenabstand gemäß der Fig. 9a und 9b,

Fig. 10a

in schematischer Darstellung die Leuchte der Fig. 8a mit maximal aneinander angenäherter erster äußeren Linsenplatte und mittlerer Linsenplatte, bei unverändertem Abstand der mittleren Linsenplatte zu der zweiten äußeren Linsenplatte,

Fig. 10b

die Leuchte der Fig. 10a um 90° gedreht, etwa entlang der Schnittlinie Xb-Xb in Fig. 10a,

Fig. 10c

die Lichtverteilung in einer Darstellung gemäß Fig. 9c bei einer Abstandsstellung der Linsenplatten gemäß Fig. 10a und 10b,

Fig. 11a, 11b und 11c.

die Leuchten in Darstellungen entsprechend der Fig. 8a, 8b und 8c bei maximaler Beabstandung der Linsenplatten voneinander,

Fig. 12a, 12b und 12c

die Leuchten in Darstellungen entsprechend der Darstellungen der Fig. 11a, 11b und 11c, wobei bei unverändertem Abstand zwischen der ersten äußeren Linsenplatte und der mittleren Linsenplatte der Abstand zwischen der mittleren Linsenplatte und der zweiten äußeren Linsenplatte verringert worden ist,

Fig. 13a, 13b und 13c

die Leuchten in Darstellungen entsprechend der Darstellungen der Fig. 11a, 11b und 11c, wobei der relative Abstand zwischen der mittleren Linsenplatte und der zweiten äußeren Linsenplatte bei unverändertem Abstand zwischen der ersten äußeren Linsenplatte und der mittleren Linsenplatte minimiert ist,

Fig. 14a, 14b und 14c

die Leuchten in Darstellungen entsprechend der Darstellungen der Fig. 8a, 8b und 8c, wobei jeweils ein maximaler Abstand zwischen der mittleren Linsenplatte und den beiden äußeren Linsenplatten erreicht ist,

Fig. 15a, 15b und 15c

die Leuchten in Darstellungen entsprechend der Darstellungen der Fig. 14a, 14b und 14c, wobei der relative Abstand sowohl zwischen der ersten äußeren Linsenplatte und der mittleren Linsenplatte, als auch der Abstand zwischen der zweiten äußeren Linsenplatte und der mittleren Linsenplatte reduziert ist,

Fig. 16a 16b und 16c

die Leuchten in Darstellungen entsprechend der Darstellungen der Fig. 14a, 14b und 14c, wobei der Abstand zwischen der ersten äußeren Linsenplatte und der mittleren Linsenplatte und der Abstand zwischen der zweiten äußeren Linsenplatte und der mittleren Linsenplatte minimiert ist,

Fig. 17

ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel einer erfindungsgemäßen ersten äußeren Linsenplatte unter Verwendung von Lentikularfacetten in einer Darstellung gemäß Fig. 4,

Fig. 18

eine vergrößerte schematische Einzeldarstellung einer einzigen Lentikularfacette gemäß Teilkreis XVIII in Fig. 17,

Fig. 19

eine teilgeschnittene Ansicht durch die Facette der Fig. 18 entlang Schnittlinie XIX-XIX in Fig.18,

Fig. 20

eine teilgeschnittene Ansicht durch die Facette der Fig. 18 entlang Schnittlinie XX-XX in Fig. 18,

Fig. 21

ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel einer erfindungsgemäßen Leuchte in einer Darstellung gemäß Fig. 1a, wobei in diesem Ausführungsbeispiel der Lichtantrieb durch eine Chip on Board LED und einen Reflektor als Bündelungsoptik bereitgestellt ist,

Fig. 22

ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel einer erfindungsgemäßen Leuchte in einer Darstellung gemäß Fig. 1a, wobei hier anstelle von drei Linsenplatten eine Kollimatoroptik mit unmittelbar daran angebrachten Linsenelementen und zwei unter einem relativ dazu veränderbaren Abstand angeordnete Linsenplatten vorgesehen sind,

Fig. 23

ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel einer erfindungsgemäßen mittleren Linsenplatte in einer Darstellung gemäß Fig. 4, unter Verwendung von konzentrisch angeordneten ringförmigen Lentikullarlinsen,

Fig. 24

ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel einer erfindungsgemäßen Leuchte in einer Darstellung gemäß Fig. 1a, wobei die mitlere Linsenplatte - im Unterschied zu der Darstellung der Fig. 1a - um 180°gedreht oder geometrisch invertiert angeordnet ist, mithin die Linsenelemente der mittleren Linsenplatte von der Kollimatoroptik weggewandt sind,

Fig. 25

eine teilgeschnittene, abgebrochene und schematische Darstellung eines Ausschnittes aus der mittleren Linsenplatte gemäß Fig. 24, etwa gemäß Teilkreis XXV in Fig. 24, und

Fig. 26

ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel in einer Darstellung gemäß Fig. 1a, wobei die Linsenelemente der der Kollimatoroptik näheren ersten äußeren Linsenplatte einen größeren Radius und die Linsenelemente der mittleren Linsenplatte einen demgegenüber kleineren Radius aufweisen.

Show in it:

Fig. 1a

in a partially sectioned, block diagram-like, schematic view, a first exemplary embodiment of a lamp according to the invention with a light drive comprising an LED and a collimator and three lens plates which can be adjusted relative to one another by means of two adjustment devices,

Fig. 1b

the lamp of Fig. 1a in a schematic, partially sectioned view, approximately along section line Ib-Ib in Fig. 1a ,

2

in a broken, schematic view from below, roughly along view arrow II in Fig. 1a , the central lens plate, indicating the relative positions of the light engines,

3

a further exemplary embodiment of a central lens plate according to the invention in a representation according to FIG 2 ,

4

an embodiment of a first outer lens plate according to the invention in a representation according to 2 , roughly along view arrow IV in Fig. 1a , illustrating lenticular lenses,

figure 5

a partially sectional, schematic view of the first outer lens plate approximately along section line VV in 4 ,

6

an embodiment of a second outer lens plate according to the invention, approximately according to view arrow VI in Fig. 1a , comparable to the representation according to 4 ,

7

a partially sectioned, schematic view of the second outer lens plate, approximately along the section line VII-VII in 6 ,

Figure 8a

in a partially sectional, schematic, reduced view a section of the lamp 1 , with indicated adjusting device and the three lens plates in a first maximum distance position,

Figure 8b

the section of the lamp Figure 8a in an arrangement rotated by 90°, approximately along the section line VIIlb-Vllb in Figure 8a ,

Figure 8c

schematically a building area to be illuminated with that of the luminaire Figure 8a light distribution generated on the building surface according to the distance between the two lens plates Figures 8a and 8b ,

Figure 9a

the schematic arrangement of the Figure 8a with a changed distance between the first outer lens plate and the middle lens plate, the distance between the middle lens plate and the second outer lens plate remaining unchanged,

Figure 9b

the lamp of Figure 9a in a representation according to Figure 8b ,

9c

the light distribution in a representation according to Figure 8c with a lens plate spacing according to Figures 9a and 9b ,

Figure 10a

in a schematic representation of the lamp Figure 8a with the first outer lens plate approaching each other as much as possible and middle lens plate, with the same distance between the middle lens plate and the second outer lens plate,

Figure 10b

the lamp of Figure 10a rotated 90° approximately along the line Xb-Xb in Figure 10a ,

Figure 10c

the light distribution in a representation according to 9c in accordance with a spacing position of the lens plates Figures 10a and 10b ,

Figures 11a, 11b and 11c.

the lights in representations according to the Figures 8a, 8b and 8c at maximum spacing of the lens plates from each other,

Figures 12a, 12b and 12c

the luminaires in representations correspond to the representations of the Figures 11a, 11b and 11c , wherein the distance between the middle lens plate and the second outer lens plate has been reduced while the distance between the first outer lens plate and the middle lens plate has not changed,

Figures 13a, 13b and 13c

the luminaires in representations correspond to the representations of the Figures 11a, 11b and 11c , where the relative distance between the middle lens plate and the second outer lens plate is minimized while the distance between the first outer lens plate and the middle lens plate remains unchanged,

Figures 14a, 14b and 14c

the luminaires in representations correspond to the representations of the Figures 8a, 8b and 8c , whereby a maximum distance between the middle lens plate and the two outer lens plates is reached,

Figures 15a, 15b and 15c

the luminaires in representations correspond to the representations of the Figures 14a, 14b and 14c , wherein the relative distance both between the first outer lens plate and the middle lens plate and the distance between the second outer lens plate and the middle lens plate is reduced,

Figures 16a, 16b and 16c

the luminaires in representations correspond to the representations of the Figures 14a, 14b and 14c , wherein the distance between the first outer lens plate and the middle lens plate and the distance between the second outer lens plate and the middle lens plate is minimized,

17

a further exemplary embodiment of a first outer lens sheet according to the invention using lenticular facets in a representation according to FIG 4 ,

18

an enlarged schematic representation of a single lenticular facet according to pitch circle XVIII in 17 ,

19

a partially sectioned view through the facet of 18 along section line XIX-XIX in Fig.18 ,

20

a partially sectioned view through the facet of 18 along section line XX-XX in 18 ,

21

a further exemplary embodiment of a lamp according to the invention in a representation according to FIG Fig. 1a , wherein in this embodiment the light drive is provided by a chip on board LED and a reflector as bundling optics,

22

a further exemplary embodiment of a lamp according to the invention in a representation according to FIG Fig. 1a , whereby here instead of three lens plates one collimator optics are provided with lens elements attached directly to them and two lens plates arranged at a distance that can be changed relative thereto,

23

a further exemplary embodiment of a central lens plate according to the invention in a representation according to FIG 4 , using concentrically arranged annular lenticular lenses,

24

a further exemplary embodiment of a lamp according to the invention in a representation according to FIG Fig. 1a , whereby the middle lens plate - in contrast to the representation of the Fig. 1a - rotated by 180° or arranged geometrically inverted, so the lens elements of the middle lens plate face away from the collimator optics,

25

a partially cut, broken and schematic representation of a section of the middle lens plate according to 24 , approximately according to pitch circle XXV in 24 , and

26

another exemplary embodiment in a representation according to FIG Fig. 1a , wherein the lens elements of the collimator optics closer first outer lens plate have a larger radius and the lens elements of the middle lens plate have a contrast smaller radius.

Exemplary embodiments of the invention are described by way of example in the following description of the figures, also with reference to the drawings. For the sake of clarity - even if different exemplary embodiments are concerned - the same or comparable parts or elements or areas are denoted by the same reference symbols, sometimes with the addition of lowercase letters.

Features that are only described in relation to one exemplary embodiment can also be provided in any other exemplary embodiment of the invention within the scope of the invention. Such modified exemplary embodiments are included in the invention, even if they are not shown in the drawings.

All disclosed features are essential to the invention. The disclosure of the application also includes the content of the disclosure of the associated priority documents (copy of the previous application) as well as the publications cited and the devices of the prior art described, also for the purpose of combining individual or several features of these documents into one or more Claims of the present application to include.

An embodiment of a lamp according to the invention is first based on the Fig. 1a and 1b explained:

There, a lamp 10 having a housing 11 is shown only very schematically. An LED 12 is arranged on a printed circuit board 13, which is indicated schematically, within the housing 11, which is only shown broken off and indicated. The LED is powered via power supply lines (not shown) (in 10 e.g. B. denoted by 14) supplied with the required operating voltage. Other electronic components that are provided to generate the operating voltage required for the LED are not shown for the sake of simplicity.

The LED emits light distributed over a large solid angle range of, for example, 180°. This should be indicated by the light rays 55a, 55b, 55c. The LED 12 is located in a cavity 57 of a collimator optics 15 providing a bundling optics. The collimator optics 15 comprises total reflection surfaces 58 and a ceiling section 59. Overall, the collimator optics 15 together with the LED 12 represent a light drive that serves to generate a substantially parallel light beam 27 .

Furthermore, inside the lamp housing 11, a first outer lens plate 18, a middle lens plate 19 and a second outer lens plate 74 are arranged. The parallel light beam 27 emitted by the LED 12 or by the exit surface 56 of the collimator optics 15 falls as a parallel partial light beam 60 onto the light entry surface 28 of the first outer lens plate 18, passes through it and emerges in the area of the light exit surface 29 of the first outer lens plate 18. From there, the light falls on the light entry surface 30 of the middle lens plate 19 and exits through the light exit surface 31 of the middle lens plate 19 .

From the middle lens plate 19, the light falls on the entrance side of a third lens plate, namely the second outer lens plate 74, and exits through the light exit surface thereof.

No further optical element is arranged in the light path behind the second outer lens plate 74 in the exemplary embodiments of the lamp according to the invention shown in the figures. From there, the light can hit directly onto a building area 17 to be illuminated, which is only shown schematically and not to scale in Fig. 1a is indicated.

In this exemplary embodiment, no cover glass or the like is provided in the area of the light exit opening 16 of the lamp 10 . Here, the second outer lens plate 74 can function as a type of cover glass for the lamp 16 .

The distance between the first outer lens plate 18 and the middle lens plate 19 is denoted by 32 in the figures. Here z. B. the distance between the light entry surface 29 of the first outer lens plate 18 and the light entry surface 30 of the middle lens plate 19. Other reference points are also covered by the invention.

The distance between the middle lens plate 19 and the second outer lens plate 74 is denoted by 75 in the figures.

According to the invention, the distance 32 between the two lens plates 18, 19 can be changed by means of a first adjusting device 20a.

According to the invention, the distance 75 between the middle lens plate 19 and the second outer lens plate 74 can also be changed with a second adjusting device 20b.

The two adjusting devices 20a, 20b can each comprise one or a common motor drive 21, which in Fig. 1a is only indicated. The motorized drive 21 can, for example, receive control commands from a lamp controller via a signal or control line (not shown).

However, the adjusting devices 20a, 20b can each also include a manually addressable actuating element and can dispense with a motor drive entirely.

Such a manually operable element for changing the distance is for example in the Figures 10 to 13 the German patent application DE 10 2017 122 956 A1 disclosed by the applicant, so that reference is made to the descriptions there to avoid repetition. In order to be able to vary the distances 32, 75 independently of one another, two such manually operable elements—appropriately adapted—can also be provided to provide the two adjusting devices 20a, 20b.

According to the invention, however, the design of the adjusting device is not important. The invention is basically about the fact that the three lens plates 18, 19, 74 can be displaced relative to one another in the axial direction Y by changing their distances 32, 75 from one another.

Evidence of the embodiment of Fig. 1a combined with 4 it can be seen that along the light entry surface 28 of the first outer lens plate 18, a plurality of lens elements elongated in the X direction, so-called lenticular lenses, in the form of elongated lens elements 22a, 22b, 22c are arranged. The lens elements 22a, 22b, 22c in the form of elongated lens elements are arranged immediately adjacent to one another. The invention also includes when small distances are provided between the lens elements 22a, 22b, 22c.

A plurality of lens elements 23a, 23b, 23c are also arranged on the central lens plate 19. The middle lens plate 19 can comprise individual facets 23a, 23b, 23c, each having a spherical cross-section, and accordingly, for example, of a spherically curved body, z. B. are formed a spherical section or such a body are approximated.

The facets can also come from a body with a different curvature, e.g. B. an aspheric curvature formed. In particular, the individual facets can each have a parabola-shaped cross section and accordingly be formed as a paraboloid of revolution.

The Figures 2 and 3 show a corresponding arrangement of these facets 23a, 23b etc.

According to the representation of Fig. 1a a focal length 25 is assigned to each of the lenticular lens elements 22a, 22b, 22c. This means that an incident bundle of rays 60 of parallel light z. B. according to Fig. 1a falls on the lenticular lens element 22b, in a focal line 61 perpendicular to the plane of the paper Fig. 1a runs, bundles. This is where the individual rays of light intersect.

Further following the path of the light, the light diverges from the focal line 61 and falls on the lens element 23b on the middle lens plate 19. Since the facet 23b - in the plane of the paper Fig. 1a - to the lens 22b of the first outer lens plate 18 identical is curved, you can assign an identical focal length 26. The focal length 25 of the lens 22b of the first outer lens plate 18 and the focal length 26 of the facet 23b of the middle lens plate 19 are therefore identical.

Fig. 1a shows a spacing of the two lens plates 18, 19 at a distance 32 which corresponds to twice or approximately twice the focal length 25 (ie at the same time also twice the focal length 26).

The partial light beam 63 emanating from the focal line 61 and impinging on the facet 23b is collimated again by the facet 23b and transformed into a parallel light beam 64 .

This parallel bundle of light rays 64 then strikes the third lens plate 74, i.e. the second outer lens plate 74, and—at least when viewed from the plane of the paper in Fig. 1a - not affected in its beam path.

In addition, it should be noted that the block diagram-like schematic representation in Fig. 1a a linear guide 62 indicates. Thus, the first outer lens plate 18 is movably arranged relative to the housing 11, and the middle lens plate 19 is fixed relative to the housing 11. The first outer lens plate 18 can be displaced along the linear guide 62 in the axial direction Y with the aid of the adjustment device 20a.

Likewise, the second outer lens plate 74 can also be displaced in the axial direction Y relative to the fixed central lens plate 19 with the aid of the second adjusting device 20b.

According to the Figures 2 and 3 It is clear that a large number of lens elements 23a, 23b, 23c are arranged on the central lens plate 19, only some of these facets being provided with reference symbols.

In synopsis with the Fig. 1a it follows that in this exemplary embodiment the lens elements 22a, 22b, 22c, 23a, 23b, 23c on the first outer lens plate 18 and on the middle lens plate 19 are each arranged on the light entry side 28, 30, and the light exit surface 29, 31 of the respective Lens plate 18, 19 is kept flat.

In other embodiments, the respective lens plates 18, 19 can also be oriented differently, so that z. B. the lens elements are arranged on the light exit side 29, 31, and the respective light entry side 28, 30 is kept free of lens elements. According to the invention, the orientation of the lens elements 22a, 22b, 22c, 23a, 23b, 23c in relation to the light source 12 is not important.

According to the Figures 2 and 3 it is clear that the lamp 10 can have a substantially circular light exit opening 16, and accordingly the three lens plates 18, 19, 74 are in the shape of a circular disk. However, the invention is not restricted to this geometry. The invention also includes lights that have a square or rectangular or another, z. B. polygonal curve having light exit opening.

From the Figures 2 and 3 is also clear that in the embodiment of the Figures 1a to 3 each lamp has three collimator optics 15a, 15b, 15c. The number of collimating optics However, 15, 15a, 15b, 15c is arbitrary. It also depends in particular on the number and the design of the LEDs.

Next becomes from the Figures 2 and 3 It is clear that each collimator optics 15 (and thus also each LED 12) is assigned a large number of individual lens elements 23a, 23b, 23c. For example, the representation of 2 that the collimator optics 15c are associated with more than twenty individual facets 23a, 23b, 23c.

Because each collimator optics 15 or each LED 12 is assigned a plurality of lens elements 23a, 23b, 23c, the structure of the light source 12 can be resolved and is no longer recognizable to an observer in the room. Likewise, the structures of the LED or the collimator optics are no longer recognizable in the light distribution on the building wall 17 . The light distribution on the building wall is homogeneous.

According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the first outer lens plate 18 and the second outer lens plate 74 are each of identical design, but are arranged rotated by 90° relative to one another.

These different rotational positions result from the comparison of the Figures 1a and 1b as well as the figures 4 and 6 .

The respective lenticular lenses 22a, 22b, 22c and 76a, 76b, 76c extend in mutually perpendicular directions X and Y.

The two lens plates 18, 19 are, as in Fig. 1a shown, positioned axially spaced from each other so that each lenticular lens element 22a, 22b, 22c of the first outer lens plate 18 has a plurality of specific lens elements 23a, 23b, 23c of the middle Lens plate 19 are permanently assigned. Apparently that's how it is Fig. 1a the lens element 22b of the first outer lens plate 18 is always assigned to the lens element 23b of the middle lens plate 19. Advantageously, this fixed assignment also remains in place during and/or after a change in the distance between the two lens plates 18, 19 has been carried out.

On the other hand, a lens element 76a, 76b, 76c of the second outer lens plate 74 is always permanently assigned to each lens element 23a, 23b, 23c of the middle lens plate 19.

According to the Figures 8a, 8b to 10a, 10b can with the aid of the adjustment device 20a in one embodiment of the invention, a change in the distance 32 between the first outer lens plate 18 and the middle lens plate 19 from a distance according to 10a, 10b , which corresponds to a minimum distance, and where there is, or can be, near contact between the entrance side 30 of the middle lens sheet 19 and the exit side 29 of the first outer lens sheet 18, and a second, maximum distance 32 according to Figures 8a, 8b , The two lens plates 18, 19 being spaced apart from each other by approximately twice the focal length 25, 26. The shift can be done by the adjusting device 20a z. B. continuously, in particular steplessly.

Based on Figures 8c, 9c and 10c should the light distributions generated on the building surface 17 according to the different distance positions of the two lens plates 18, 19 according to the Figures 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b and 10a, 10b are explained:

With a distance position according to Figures 8a and 8b , in which the distance between the two lens plates 18, 19 corresponds to approximately twice the focal length 25, 26, the beam angle 37 is minimal. He is according to the schematic representation of Figure 8a 0° because it is parallel light. Indeed, with regard to the large, in Fig. 1a If the actual distance between the building surface 17 and the lamp 10 is not shown to scale, the beam angle 37 is about 12 to 16°, for example. This emission angle already corresponds to the emission angle of the light emitted by the collimator optics 15 .

If, with the aid of the adjusting device 20a, the two lens plates 18, 19 are moved towards one another, reducing the distance 32, and for example an intermediate position according to FIG 9a, 9b is reached with a distance 32, the middle lens plate 19 can no longer maximally focus the light received from the first outer lens plate 18. 9a, 9b 1 illustrates that the lens element 23b can only collimate the bundle of light rays received from the lens element 22b to a lesser extent, and a second emission angle 38 is accordingly provided. This second beam angle 38 is larger than the first beam angle 37.

while the Figure 8c shows the light distribution that comes close to a spot distribution, the light cone is demonstrably the 9c - According to the distance position of the lens plates 18, 19 according Figure 9a - already expanded. The width 51b according to the light distribution 9c is according to the width 51 of the light distribution Figure 8c greater.

However, the height 52 of the light distribution has not changed.

Are based on a distance position according to 9a, 9b the two lens plates 18, 19 are moved even further towards each other, and a contact or almost a contact position according to 10a, 10b reached, the middle lens plate 19 no longer focuses the light received from the first lens plate 18, or almost no focusing at all instead of. Here the emission angle 39 is considerably larger than the emission angle 38 in the distance position according to FIG Figures 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b .

The light distribution on the wall 17 according to Figure 10c consequently has an even larger width 51c compared to the light distribution curve 17 according to FIG Figure 8c , on.

A maximally oval light distribution is achieved here.

By changing the distance between the lens plates 18, 19 and the fixed assignment of the lens elements 22a, 22b, 22c of the first lens plate 18 to the lens elements 23a, 23b, 23c of the second lens plate 19, a change in the emission characteristics of the lamp 10, in particular a change in the emission angle 37, 38, 39 or a change in the ovality or the ovacity of the light distribution 34 can be achieved.

By means of a positioning device (not shown), the circumferential position of rotation of the middle lens plate 19 relative to the first lens plate 18 is maintained during the change in distance, even during the adjustment process. This ensures that the fixed assignment of a particular lens element 22a, 22b, 22c on the first outer lens plate 18 to a plurality of particular lens elements 23a, 23b, 23c on the middle lens plate 19 is maintained for different distances 32.

According to the Figures 4 and 5 the first outer lens plate 18 has lenticular lenses in this embodiment. These are cylindrical lenses that are cut along a first cutting plane (cf. figure 5 ) have spherical or aspheric curvatures, and those along a second perpendicular to the first cutting plane Cutting plane are not curved. To this extent, the lenticular lenses 22a, 22b, 22c are of cylindrical design and are aligned parallel to one another.

Evidence of the embodiment of Figures 6 and 7 the second outer lens plate 74 also has lenticular lenses, which are designated by the reference numerals 76a, 76b, 76c, merely by way of example.

The lenticular lenses of the second outer lens sheet 74 are arranged along a direction W, which is perpendicular to the direction X, along the lenticular lens elements 22a, 22b, 22c of the first outer lens sheet 18 according to FIGS Figures 4 and 5 are arranged.

There are already those before Figures 8a to 10c been described.

The following is based on the Figures 11a to 13c It will be explained that the distance 75 between the second outer lens plate 74 and the middle lens plate 19 can be changed by means of a second adjusting device 20b while maintaining the maximum distance 32 between the first outer lens plate 18 and the middle lens plate 19.

The Figures 11a to 13c show three different distances between the middle lens plate 19 and the second outer lens plate 74, as well as the light distribution generated in each case on the building surface 17.

It can be seen that with decreasing distance, starting from the position of the Figure 11a. 11b , towards the distance position of the lens plates 19, 74 according to the Figures 12a and 12b and further with regard to a contacting position of the lens plates 19 and 74 according to FIG Figures 13a and 13b , the light distribution becomes increasingly elongated or oval. The height 52, 52b, 52c of the light distribution changes here, with the width 51 of the light distribution 34 not changing.

It can be seen from the light distributions 34 of Figures 11a to 13c that the lamp generates an oval light distribution at different distance positions of the two lens plates 19, 74. As an oval light distribution or illuminance distribution on the wall 17 is understood in the professionally usual sense, a light distribution that is one of a circular shape of a light distribution, such as according to Figure 8c shown, deviating contour 53 has.

So shows Figure 12c an oval light distribution 34 with a correspondingly oval contour 53a, and a light distribution—represented in simplified form—which has a width 51 of the light distribution and a height 52b of the light distribution. The light distribution is therefore oval, or approximately elliptical. The exact contour 53a of the light distribution 34 depends, of course, on the radii of curvature used for the lens elements.

As the distance between the two lens plates 19, 74 decreases, the light distribution 34 on the building surface 17 to be illuminated increases with a constant width. 13c shows the light distribution 53b on the building surface 17 to be illuminated, which corresponds to the distance between the two lens plates 19, 74 13a, 13b is equivalent to. It can be seen that the height 52c of this light distribution is considerably greater than the height 53 of the light distribution 34 of FIG 11c . This effect results from the fact that the lens elements (listed as examples 76a, 76b, 76c) of the second outer lens plate 74 no longer receive the partial light beam as well or as completely as in the distance position in Figures 11a, 11b shown, can collimate.

The decisive factor is that the light distribution 34 changes in height 52 is changed, and consequently the beam angle 38b, 39b in the cutting plane of Figures 11b, 12b is thereby increased.

In a sectional plane perpendicular thereto 11a, 12a the beam angle is not affected. This explains why the width 51 of the light distribution 34 practically does not change and only the height 52, 52b, 52c varies.

Based on Figures 14a to 16c the following is now explained:
Here, the distance 32 of the first outer lens plate 18 to the middle lens plate 19 and the relative distance 75 of the second outer lens plate 74 to the middle lens plate 19 can be changed at the same time.

The Figures 14a and 14b show a maximum distance position that Figures 16a and 16b a contact position and the Figures 15a and 15b an intermediate position.

The light distribution 34 according to the Figures 14c, 15c and 16c correspond to the spacing positions of the lens plates.

It can be seen that a spot distribution according to Figure 14c , which are in both cutting planes of the Figures 14a and 14b hits the building surface 17 as a maximally narrow beam of light, according to a light distribution contour Figures 15c and 16c in the direction of the height 52 and in the direction of the width 51 widens.

With a lamp according to Fig. 1a , 1b insofar oval light distributions can be achieved whose ovality, ie their degree of ovality, is adjustable. The width of the oval light distribution or the height of the along different axis directions be adjustable oval light distribution. As the light distribution 34 according to the Figures 14c, 15c and 16c makes clear, the light can also be used to produce a light distribution that deviates from the oval light distribution, e.g. B. be generated in the manner of a circle or a rounded square.

Of course, the invention also includes exemplary embodiments of lights with which light field contours other than those shown can be generated.

Another embodiment of a lamp 10 according to the invention will now be based on Figures 17 to 20 are explained:
17 shows in a representation according to 4 another embodiment of a first outer lens plate 18, which now has so-called lenticular facets 54a, 54b, 54c. These are facets that can have a more complex curvature, for example.

According to the Figures 17 to 20 it becomes clear that facets 54a, 54b, 54c can be arranged along a predetermined grid. It can be provided in particular that the arrangement of these facets 54a, 54b, 54c according to the representation of 17 occurs along a grid that has rows and columns. The number of columns can be dimensioned in such a way that it corresponds to the number of lenticular lenses in a lens plate 18 4 is equivalent to.

Each column of this facet arrangement can be subdivided into a large number of individual facets.

These lenticular facets can have a particularly curved surface with two different radii of curvature.

ID 18 becomes a single lenticular facet 54 from the lens sheet 18 according to FIG 17 viewed in enlarged detail. The two sectional views of Figures 19 and 20 make it clear that different radii of curvature can be provided along different sectional planes perpendicular to one another. For the sake of simplicity, it is assumed that all the facets 54a, 54b, 54c of the lens plate 18 are of identical design.

It should also be noted that the facets according to the sectional views of Figures 19 and 20 Have radii of curvature, it being clear to the person skilled in the art that other curved surfaces, such as elliptical or parabolic curvatures, can also be used.

The invention also includes when entirely different facets, e.g. B. with the help of simulations calculated free-form bodies are arranged.

A lens sheet having lenticular lens facets, as described in 17 is shown can also be provided as a middle lens plate 19 or as a second outer lens plate 74 in exemplary embodiments of the invention.

In the exemplary embodiments of the invention, the distance between the three lens plates 18, 19, 74 is changed by means of an axial movement, the lens plates being aligned parallel to one another in each distance position. The invention also includes when, instead of such a change in distance between the lens plates 18, 19, 74, a displacement movement is carried out by means of the adjusting device 20a, 20b in such a way that, in addition to an axially directed, parallel displacement movement, or alternatively to such a movement, a change in the distance between the lens plates 18, 19, 74 relative to one another takes place in that one of the lens plates 18, 19, 74 is rotated relative to a different lens plate 19, 18, 74, is tilted or tilted, or subjected to another, possibly more complicated, movement. Here, too, it can be ensured that an assignment of at least one lens element of a lens plate to at least one other lens element of another lens plate is firmly maintained.

The invention also includes exemplary embodiments in which this assignment is canceled in the course of a change in distance and, for example, different lens elements of a first lens plate are assigned to different lens elements of a second lens plate in discrete different distance positions.

Finally, only exemplary embodiments are shown in the drawings in which the rotational position of the middle lens plate 19 is maintained during a change in distance relative to the first outer lens plate 18 and the second outer lens plate. However, the invention also includes embodiments in which the rotational position of the middle lens plate 19 relative to the two outer lens plates 18, 74 changes as a result of a change in the distance between the lens plates 18, 19, 74.

The procedure for changing the radiation characteristics of a luminaire can be carried out as follows:
Suppose that a work of art of a certain format is illuminated in a museum by means of a lamp according to the invention for the duration of a temporary exhibition. After the end of this exhibition, a new work of art with a different format will be illuminated by the same luminaire on the same or a different building surface. In order to adapt the light distribution of the lamp to this change in format of the work of art, the distance between the three lens plates 18, 19, 74 can be changed by an operator in the desired manner using the adjusting devices 20a, 20b.

The light distribution or the emission characteristics of the lamp can be changed without having to exchange or replace elements of the lamp, or even without having to exchange or replace the light head of the lamp.

In the exemplary embodiments of the invention, an axial displacement of the first outer lens plate 18 and/or the second outer lens plate 74 takes place relative to the middle lens plate 19 along an adjustment path which is approximately twice the focal length 25 of the lens elements 22a, 22b, 22c, 76a, 76b, 76c of the first outer lens plate 18 and the second outer lens plate 74. The invention also includes exemplary embodiments in which the adjustment path provided by the adjustment device 20a, 20b for changing the distance 32, 75 between the lens plates 18, 19, 74 is slightly or significantly larger or slightly or significantly smaller .

In the event that the lens elements 22a, 22b, 22c of the first lens plate 18 provide different focal lengths 25, the travel path to be provided at the adjusting device 20a can be based on the focal length or twice the focal length 25 of one of the facets 22a, 22b, 22c.

The travel path to be provided by the adjustment device 20a, 20b is advantageously dimensioned in such a way that a change in distance between a pair of lens plates 18, 19, 74 is provided between a first optimized distance, in which a minimum emission angle, i.e. light directed almost parallel, is generated, and a second distance position, which generates a maximum emission angle, predetermined by the curvature of the lens elements.

These two different distance positions between the lens elements 18, 19 or 19, 74, which accordingly provide a maximum emission angle and a minimum emission angle, can also be specified or predetermined by stops provided by the adjustment device 20a, 20b, and correspondingly a displacement movement of the first and second outer lens plates 18, 74 relative to the middle lens plate 19.

In the event that the change in distance between the lens plates 18, 19, 74 is to take place in discrete steps in order to ensure predetermined distance positions between the lens plates 18, 19, 74 (for example in order to enable certain optimized, e.g. particularly homogeneous light distributions ), detent positions can also be specified along the travel path, i.e. positions in which the distance positions between the lens plates 18, 19, 74 are recognized or can be determined by an operator or by an electronic or mechanical sensor or a control unit. As a result, it can be ruled out, for example, that specific intermediate positions between predetermined latching positions are not reached.

According to the embodiments of the invention, conventional LEDs 12, 12a, 12b, 12c, and conventional Collimating optics 15, 15a, 15b, 15c are used. In this case, lens elements 23a, 23b, 23c can be used which are designed aspherically but can be approximately described by a sphere, the sphere z. B. curvature diameter between 1 and 50 mm.

As typical adjustment paths to be provided by the adjustment device 20, along which a change in the distance between the lens plates 18, 19, 74 can take place, adjustment paths of between 2 and 40 mm are provided, for example, adjustment paths of approximately 4 to 6 mm.

In order to prevent the structures of the LED 12 and the collimator optics 15 from breaking up, in order to generate the most homogeneous possible illuminance distribution or light distribution on the building surface 17, per collimator optics 15, 15a, 15b, 15c and/or per LED 12, 12a, 12b, 12c and/or LED group - e.g. B. in the case of using a multi-chip LED - provided about 10 to 50 lens elements 23a, 23b, 23c on the middle lens plate 19. As a result, a particularly optimized homogenization of the emitted light can take place.

According to the exemplary embodiments, the collimator optics 15 has a cavity 57, total reflection surfaces 58 and a ceiling area 59, ie a conventional lens in the center of the collimator optics 15. The invention also encompasses differently designed, suitable collimator optics, which bundle the light emitted by the corresponding light source.

According to the invention, to provide a lamp 10 according to the invention, conventional lens plates 18, 19, 74 can be used, which has been used by the applicant for some time, e.g. B. as tertiary optics in lights application.

Evidence of the embodiment of 21 is briefly referred to another embodiment, which according to its representation 21 the representation of Fig. 1a is equivalent to. Here a bundling optics 66 is provided, the bundling optics 66 of 1 replaced. In the embodiment of 21 a reflector 68 is provided as the bundling optics 66, which interacts with an arrangement of a chip-on-board LED 67, which is arranged inside the reflector 68, or with which a reflector 68 is assigned. The reflector 68 together with the chip on board LED 67 also emits a light beam 27 of parallel or approximately parallel light.

The arrangement of the three lens plates 18, 19, 74 can in the embodiment of 21 be taken equally, as in the embodiment of 1 . The light distribution of the lamp 10 corresponds to different distances 32 to the changed light distributions resulting from the Figures 8a-16c result.

Another exemplary embodiment of a lamp 10 according to the invention 22 provides a bundling optics 66, which has a collimator optics 15d with lens elements 70a, 70b, 70c arranged directly thereon in the manner of lenticular lenses. The lens elements 70a, 70b, 70c are thus arranged on the light exit side 56 of the collimator optics 15d, which--unlike in the exemplary embodiment of FIG Fig. 1a - Is not kept smooth, but has the plurality of lens elements 70a, 70b, 70c.

Using an exemplary light beam 71 can 22 be taken that the light emission of this lamp that of the embodiment of Fig. 1a is equivalent to.

The second lens plate 19b of the embodiment of FIG 22 corresponds to the middle lens plate 19 of the embodiment of FIG Fig. 1a . The fact that here the lens elements 23a, 23b, 23c are arranged on the light exit side 31 of the lens plate 19b and the light entry side 30 is kept flat is irrelevant. The orientation of the middle lens plate 19b could in the embodiment of the 22 also be hit the other way around.

With different distance positions of the lens plate 19b to the collimator optics 15d of the embodiment of FIG 22 exactly the same changes in the radiation characteristics of the luminaire result as in the Figures 8a to 16c based on the embodiment of Fig. 1a shown.

It is again clear that the lens plate 19b can also cover a large number of corresponding collimator optics 15d.

Evidence of the embodiment of 23 another middle lens plate 19 is presented. The representation of 23 corresponds to the representation of the 2 .

Instead of faceted lens elements 23a, 23b, 23c according to the embodiments of Figures 2 to 3 Circular, concentrically arranged lenticular lens elements 69a, 69b, 69c are provided here.

In the embodiment, a middle lens plate 19 as shown in FIG 23 is shown. It arises from this For example, the same cross-sectional view as shown in Fig. 1a is indicated schematically, not to scale.

If the middle lens plate 19 according to 23 arranged in different distance positions relative to the two outer lens plates 19, 74, resulting in accordance with the Figures 8a to 16c to the embodiment of Fig. 1a identical light distributions.

According to a further embodiment of the invention that is not shown, one or more of the three lens plates 18, 19, 19b, 74 are curved or arched differently than shown in the different exemplary embodiments of the patent application.

Alternatively, the lens plates 18, 19, 74 can each be aligned along a plane, as shown in the drawings.

Evidence of the embodiment of 24 the lens elements of a pair of adjacent lens plates can also be arranged facing away from each other, so that z. B. the lens elements 22a, 22b, 22c of the first outer lens plate 18 face the collimator optics 15 and the lens elements 23a, 23b, 23b of the middle lens plate 19 are arranged on the side of the second lens plate 19 which faces away from the collimator optics 15.

The embodiment of 26 Finally, the basic structure of the embodiment of the attacks 24 on: Here are, however, in contrast to the embodiment of 24 , The lens elements 22a, 22b, 22c of the first outer lens plate 18 are equipped with a first radius, so that the corresponding lens elements 22a, 22b, 22c can be assigned a first focal length 25.

In contrast, the lens elements 23a, 23b, 23c of the middle lens plate 19 have a smaller radius, so that each lens element 23a, 23b, 23c of the middle lens plate 19 can be assigned a focal length 26 that is smaller than the focal length 25. This is a special one advantageous embodiment.

The group of features according to which the lens elements 22a, 22b, 22c of the first outer lens plate 18 all or the majority, or at least on average, have a larger radius and/or a larger focal length than the lens elements 23a, 23b, 23c of the middle lens plate 19 , can be advantageously used in all embodiments according to the invention.

The advantage of this special geometry is, among other things, that the light beam bundle emitted by a specific lens element (e.g. 22b) of the first lens plate 18 actually hits with a high degree of certainty only specific correspondingly opposite lens elements 23 of the middle lens plate 19.

It should be noted that the differences in focal lengths or the differences in mean or average focal lengths between the lens elements 22a, 22b, 22c of the first outer lens plate 18 and the lens elements 76a, 76b of the second outer lens plate 74 and the lens elements 23a, 23b, 23c of the middle lens plate 19 can be several millimeters. For example, the focal length of the lens elements 22a, 22b, 22c of the first outer lens plate 18 can be between 3 mm and 10 mm, and the focal length 26 of the lens elements 23a, 23b, 23c of the middle lens plate 19 can be between 0.5 mm and 2.9 mm be.

Evidence of the embodiment of 3 and 25 should now be explained schematically that a single lens element, e.g. B. the lens element 23e, not necessarily formed by a sphere, but also by a paraboloid of revolution. The cap area 72 ( 25 ) of each rotationally parabolic lens element 23e can be approximately described by a circular shape 73. A radius R can be assigned to this circular shape 73 .

The light rays entering within this cap area of a facet 23 (see 25 ) are in the cap area - for example - focused on a common focal point 61 out.

In fact, as a result of the deviation of the cap shape 72 or the contour of the paraboloid of revolution from a sphere, the situation can arise that there is no exact focal point 61, but rather a focal point area. However, a mean focal length f _M can also be assigned to such a focal point area. This representation takes into account that an average focal length f _M can be calculated or determined when considering all rays passing through the cap region 72 or through the paraboloid of revolution of this lens element 23e.

Claims (10)

1. Lighting fixture (10) for illuminating building surfaces (17) or parts of building surfaces, comprising a housing (11), at least one light source, in particular an LED (12, 12a, 12b, 12c), and at least one focussing lens, in particular a collimating lens (15, 15a, 15b, 15c) for focussing the light emitted by the light source, wherein a first outer lens plate (18), a central lens plate (19) and a second outer lens plate (74) are provided in the light path behind the focussing lens, on which a plurality of lens elements (22a, 22b, 22c, 23a, 23b, 23c, 69a, 69b, 69c, 70a, 70b, 70c) are respectively arranged, wherein the relative distances (32, 75) of each one of the two outer lens plates to the central lens plate are alterable by means of at least one adjustment device (20), wherein the lighting fixture provides different light distributions (37, 38, 39, 50a, 50b, 50c) in different positions of the lens plates spaced relative to each other, wherein the lens elements of the central lens plate (19) are provided by curved facets that have a concavity that is spherical in shape or approximates a sphere, and/or is provided by a paraboloid of revolution, wherein the lens elements comprise lenticular lenses (22, 76) and/or sections of lenticular lenses (54a, 54b, 54c) on both of the outer lens plates (18, 74), and wherein the lenticular lenses of the first outer lens plate are elongated along a first direction and the lenticular lenses of the second outer lens plate are elongated along a second direction, wherein the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction.
2. Lighting fixture according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the at least one adjustment device (20a, 20b) is assigned to a positioning device, which, when carrying out a change in distance between respectively two of the three lens plates (18, 19, 74), ensures that the relative rotational position between at least two of the three lens plates is maintained, in particular that the relative rotational position between all three lens plates is maintained.
3. Lighting fixture according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the different light distributions comprise a first oval light distribution elongated along a first axial direction and a second oval light distribution elongated along a second axial direction, wherein the second axial direction is perpendicular to the first axial direction.
4. Lighting fixture according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the lighting fixture provides different oval light distributions in different positions of the lens plates (18, 19, 74) spaced relative to each other.
5. Lighting fixture according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the distances (32) between the pairs (18, 19; 19,74) of lens plates (18, 19, 74) are continuously alterable.
6. Lighting fixture according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that one of the three lens plates (18, 19, 74), in particular the central lens plate (19), is arranged fixed relative to the housing (11) and the other two lens plates (19, 74) are movable relative to the housing (11) and/or relative to the central lens plate (19) by means of the at least one adjustment device (20a, 20b).
7. Lighting fixture according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that a lens element (22b) of a first outer lens plate (18) is respectively assigned to at least one lens element (23b) of the central lens plate (19).
8. Lighting fixture according to claim 7, characterised in that the assignment has been made in such a way that light components which, starting from the focussing lens (15), impinge on a lens element (22b) of the first outer lens plate (18) are orientated by this only towards certain lens elements (23b) of the central lens plate (19), and light components which are irradiated by a lens element (23b) of the central lens plate (19) are orientated by this only towards a certain lens element (76b) of the second outer lens plate (74).
9. Lighting fixture according to claim 7 or 8, characterised in that the assignment is maintained during a changing of the distances (32, 75) between the lens plates (18, 19, 74).
10. Lighting fixture according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that a positive control is provided which, when the relative distance (32) of the first outer lens plate (18) to the central lens plate (19) is changed, ensures a change in the relative distance (75) of the second outer lens plate (74) to the central lens plate (19) at the same time.

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