EP3665346A1 - Système d'accouplement pour une serrure électromécanique - Google Patents

Système d'accouplement pour une serrure électromécanique

Info

Publication number
EP3665346A1
EP3665346A1 EP18745939.1A EP18745939A EP3665346A1 EP 3665346 A1 EP3665346 A1 EP 3665346A1 EP 18745939 A EP18745939 A EP 18745939A EP 3665346 A1 EP3665346 A1 EP 3665346A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
core
coupling
coupling element
housing
coupling system
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP18745939.1A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3665346B1 (fr
Inventor
Harald Neumayer
Alfonso Bartolomé CHAVERT
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
EVVA Sicherheitstechnologie GmbH
Original Assignee
EVVA Sicherheitstechnologie GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by EVVA Sicherheitstechnologie GmbH filed Critical EVVA Sicherheitstechnologie GmbH
Publication of EP3665346A1 publication Critical patent/EP3665346A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3665346B1 publication Critical patent/EP3665346B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05BLOCKS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR; HANDCUFFS
    • E05B17/00Accessories in connection with locks
    • E05B17/20Means independent of the locking mechanism for preventing unauthorised opening, e.g. for securing the bolt in the fastening position
    • E05B17/2007Securing, deadlocking or "dogging" the bolt in the fastening position
    • E05B17/2011Securing, deadlocking or "dogging" the bolt in the fastening position using balls or the like cooperating with notches
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05BLOCKS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR; HANDCUFFS
    • E05B47/00Operating or controlling locks or other fastening devices by electric or magnetic means
    • E05B47/0001Operating or controlling locks or other fastening devices by electric or magnetic means with electric actuators; Constructional features thereof
    • E05B47/0012Operating or controlling locks or other fastening devices by electric or magnetic means with electric actuators; Constructional features thereof with rotary electromotors
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05BLOCKS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR; HANDCUFFS
    • E05B47/00Operating or controlling locks or other fastening devices by electric or magnetic means
    • E05B47/06Controlling mechanically-operated bolts by electro-magnetically-operated detents
    • E05B47/0657Controlling mechanically-operated bolts by electro-magnetically-operated detents by locking the handle, spindle, follower or the like
    • E05B47/0665Controlling mechanically-operated bolts by electro-magnetically-operated detents by locking the handle, spindle, follower or the like radially
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05BLOCKS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR; HANDCUFFS
    • E05B47/00Operating or controlling locks or other fastening devices by electric or magnetic means
    • E05B47/06Controlling mechanically-operated bolts by electro-magnetically-operated detents
    • E05B47/0676Controlling mechanically-operated bolts by electro-magnetically-operated detents by disconnecting the handle
    • E05B47/068Controlling mechanically-operated bolts by electro-magnetically-operated detents by disconnecting the handle axially, i.e. with an axially disengaging coupling element
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05BLOCKS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR; HANDCUFFS
    • E05B15/00Other details of locks; Parts for engagement by bolts of fastening devices
    • E05B15/04Spring arrangements in locks
    • E05B2015/0486A single spring working on more than one element
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05BLOCKS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR; HANDCUFFS
    • E05B47/00Operating or controlling locks or other fastening devices by electric or magnetic means
    • E05B47/0001Operating or controlling locks or other fastening devices by electric or magnetic means with electric actuators; Constructional features thereof
    • E05B2047/0014Constructional features of actuators or power transmissions therefor
    • E05B2047/0018Details of actuator transmissions
    • E05B2047/0023Nuts or nut-like elements moving along a driven threaded axle

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a coupling system for an electromechanical lock and an electromechanical lock with such a coupling system.
  • Coupling systems for electromechanical locks are known from the prior art. Such coupling systems are usually controlled electronically and operate an electromechanical coupling device to release a lock or block. For this purpose receives one
  • Control electronics a signal, for example via an RFI D card, which is evaluated and depending on the result of the evaluation are electromechanical
  • Coupling means controlled to release the lock or block.
  • Hand knob is arranged, and the coupling system between a blocking state and a release state is switchable.
  • the blocking state can be the
  • the hand knob can rotate and actuates a blocking means, such as the case or the locking lug of a lock. It is provided in particular that the release state only for a short time, usually only a few seconds, can be activated, and the clutch system then assumes the blocking state again.
  • a blocking means such as the case or the locking lug of a lock.
  • the connecting means engages both in the core, as well as in the housing in a form-fitting manner, so that the core and housing are mechanically connected. Rotation of the core in the locked state is thus prevented.
  • the coupling element In order to move the connecting means in the blocking state into the housing, the coupling element has on its outer circumference a relative to the longitudinal axis substantially conically widening engagement surface. This engagement surface is in contact with the connecting means, so that upon axial displacement of the
  • the connecting means is pressed from the core into the housing.
  • the coupling element has to be displaced along the longitudinal axis of the core in order to move the coupling system from the blocking state into the
  • the blocking state is usually the initial state, so that the coupling element must be moved to reach the release state.
  • Coupling element via a spring element is connected to a motor spindle of a motor.
  • the coupling element for substantially axial displacement along the longitudinal axis of the core via a spring element, preferably via a coil spring, with a motor rotatably mounted on a motor spindle of a motor motor nut is connected.
  • a spring element preferably via a coil spring
  • Clutch element is moved back axially and pushes the connecting means back into the housing.
  • the core is connected to a closing device, for example a closing lever, so that the closing device can be actuated in the release state by rotation of the core, and can not be actuated in the blocking state.
  • a closing device for example a closing lever
  • Such an embodiment may be provided in particular with lever cylinders, which are actuated only from one side.
  • Coupling ring is executed, which comprises at its outer periphery an outwardly projecting, in a core groove of the core substantially axially guided shoulder. This ensures that the coupling ring is movable only in the axial direction.
  • the engagement surface according to the invention may preferably be provided on the outer surface of this shoulder and cooperate there according to the invention with the connecting means.
  • a recess may be provided in the core groove, through which the connecting means can be performed in order to produce the positive connection of the core with the housing.
  • the connecting means is designed as a ball, which is to form the blocking state by a preferably
  • the circular recess of the core can be pressed into a housing groove of the housing.
  • the recess of the core may in particular be provided in the core groove of the core, so that the guided in the core groove shoulder of the coupling ring is adapted to print the ball through the recess of the core in the housing groove.
  • the ball In the blocking state, the ball is partly in the core groove and partly in the housing groove, so that a positive connection between the core and the housing is achieved.
  • An inventive advantage of the realization of the connecting means as a ball also consists in that in the release state no return means are required to move the ball back into the core: The force exerted on the core by manual actuation of the knob torque is sufficient to the ball through the Edge of the housing groove to move back into the core.
  • the coupling element has on its outer circumference, preferably on the outer circumference of the shoulder, an abutment face that widens in a substantially arcuate manner with respect to the longitudinal axis.
  • This stop surface may in particular be steeper than the engagement surface and forms a stop for the connecting means, so that the coupling element can not be moved further.
  • Connecting means may be provided according to the invention that the radius of the circular arc substantially corresponds to the radius of the ball.
  • the engagement surface can pass directly into the abutment surface, but it can also be provided that between the engagement surface and the abutment surface a substantially equidistant from the longitudinal axis extending spacer surface is formed. This allows a design-related game in the position of the coupling element in the blocking state.
  • a plurality of connecting means are provided.
  • two connecting means may be provided.
  • the connecting means may be arranged distributed substantially uniformly on the outer circumference of the core. This has the advantage that the torque acting in the blocking state on the core are uniformly dissipated to the housing.
  • Substantially evenly distributed on the outer circumference of the coupling ring shoulders are provided, which are designed to engage in a plurality, preferably four, substantially uniformly distributed on the inner circumference of the core core grooves.
  • the core grooves preferably each have recesses for the passage of the connecting means in corresponding housing grooves in order to produce the positive connection in the different angular positions of the core can.
  • a separate coupling element is provided, which for positive engagement in recesses of the
  • Actuator is executed. This has the advantage that different adapters can be used to operate different locking lugs, and the core thus does not have to be made differently for each locking lug.
  • the coupling element is in resilient connection with the coupling element and also substantially along the longitudinal axis of the core is displaceable.
  • the coupling element for substantially axial displacement along the longitudinal axis of the core via the spring element described above, preferably via a coil spring is connected to a motor nut of a motor rotatably mounted motor nut.
  • the spring element is resiliently connected both to the coupling element, to the coupling element, and to the motor nut.
  • the coupling element is connected to the coupling element and moves in the blocking state substantially synchronously with the coupling element.
  • Actuator engages positively, the actuator can be actuated. This situation is called a locked state.
  • the spring element is designed as a one-piece spiral spring with an outer spiral and an inner spiral, wherein one end of the outer coil with the coupling element, and the inner spiral is in communication with the motor nut. If a coupling element is provided, it can be provided that the outer spiral is connected at its other end to the coupling element.
  • the coupling element is substantially annular.
  • the coupling element may have a carrier ring and, preferably, two engagement jaws projecting essentially radially and axially outwards.
  • the engagement jaws can in particular be designed for positive engagement in recesses of the actuating element, for example a locking nose.
  • the coupling element has an internal thread for connection to the spring element.
  • the spring element may be screwed, welded, or otherwise secured to the coupling element.
  • the coupling element for connection to the spring element has an internal thread.
  • the spring element can be screwed to the coupling element, welded, or secured in some other way.
  • the invention also extends to a lock, preferably a
  • electromechanical lock comprising a coupling system according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic exploded view of a first embodiment of a coupling system according to the invention
  • FIG. 2a shows a cross section through this embodiment of a coupling system according to the invention in the blocking state
  • FIG. 2b shows a cross section through this embodiment of a coupling system according to the invention in the release state
  • Fig. 2c - 2d a schematic view and a cross section of this embodiment of the coupling element according to the invention
  • Fig. 2e - 2g schematic views of a core, a spring element and a housing for this embodiment of the coupling system according to the invention
  • 3 is a schematic exploded view of a second embodiment of a coupling system according to the invention
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic exploded view of a first embodiment of a coupling system according to the invention for an electromechanical lock.
  • a conventional hand knob is shown, which is in communication with the core 1.
  • the core 1 is rotatably mounted in the housing 2.
  • the coupling system is in the locked state, so that the user can not cause rotation of the core 1 relative to the housing 2 by turning the hand knob.
  • the coupling system releases the core 1 and the user can effect rotation of the core 1 relative to the housing 2 by turning the hand knob.
  • the core 1 is a coupling element in the form of a coupling ring 3 and a spring element in the form of a coil spring. 9
  • connecting means in the form of two balls.
  • Fig. 2a shows a cross section through this embodiment in the blocking state.
  • the coupling system according to the invention is used in this case for a lever cylinder lock.
  • the blocking state shown in this figure represents the resting state of the lock.
  • the coupling system comprises a housing 2 and a rotatably mounted therein core 1, which is connected on the left side with a hand knob. On the right side of the core 1 is connected to a closing lever 24.
  • housing grooves 16 of the housing 2 are pressed.
  • a coupling ring 3 is provided in the core 1, which is displaceable along the longitudinal axis 23 of the core 1.
  • the coupling ring 3 has at its outer periphery via two radially outwardly projecting shoulders 12, which engage in each case in a core groove 13 of the core 1 for guiding.
  • the balls 4 are pressed by the abutment surface 1 1 on the outer circumference of the coupling ring 3 through the recess 17 in the housing groove 16 and provide a positive connection of the core 1 with the housing 2 safe. A rotation of the core 1 relative to the housing 2 is not possible.
  • Coupling ring 3 are moved to the right. For this purpose, the
  • Coupling ring 3 is connected via a coil spring 9 with a motor nut 8, which is arranged rotatably on a motor spindle 6 of a motor arranged in the core 1 7.
  • the motor 7 By activating the motor 7, for example by an authorized electronic chip card or a legitimate RFI D chip, the motor spindle 6 is rotated.
  • the motor nut 8 is moved to the right along the longitudinal axis 23 and also pulls the coil spring 9 to the right.
  • the coupling ring 3 is connected at its inner periphery via an internal thread 25 with the coil spring 9 and is thus also displaced to the right until the release state is reached.
  • Fig. 2b shows a cross section through this embodiment, when the
  • the coupling ring releases on its outer surface the balls 4, and these can be moved along the conical engagement surface 5 in the core 1.
  • the balls 4 are forcibly pushed into the interior of the core 1 by the edges of the housing groove 1 6.
  • a rotation of the core 1 relative to the housing 2 is thus possible, so that the closing lever 24 can be rotated by actuation of the hand knob.
  • the coil spring 9 is stretched and is right on the closing lever 24, so that a force is exerted on the coupling ring 3.
  • Actuation of the closing lever can only be done for a short time. Thereafter, the motor 7 rotates the motor spindle 6 in the opposite direction and the motor nut 8 pulls on the coil spring 9, the coupling ring 3 again to the left in the
  • Blocking state according to FIG. 2a.
  • Fig. 2c - 2d show a schematic view and a cross section of a
  • the coupling ring 3 has on its externa ßeren circumference two outwardly projecting, substantially semi-cylindrical shoulders 12. At its inner circumference, an internal thread 25 is provided, which serves to connect one end of the coil spring 9 with the coupling ring 3.
  • the shoulders 12 comprise on their outer surface an engagement surface 5, a spacer surface 10 and a
  • the engagement surface 5 is widened conically outward with respect to the longitudinal axis 23 and thus also with respect to the longitudinal axis of the coupling ring 3 in order to achieve the above-described interaction with the connection means.
  • the angle of the engagement surface 5 with respect to the longitudinal axis 23 is about 20 °.
  • a spacer surface 10 is provided, whose cross-section in
  • Fig. 2e shows a schematic view of a core 1 for this embodiment of the coupling system according to the invention.
  • the core 1 is substantially cylindrical and has a recess for receiving the motor 7 and the coupling system itself.
  • At the inner periphery of the recess four core grooves 13 are each offset approximately 90 ° to each other.
  • the core grooves 13 serve to guide the shoulders 12 of the coupling ring 3.
  • Fig. 2f shows a schematic view of a coil spring 9 for this embodiment of the coupling system according to the invention.
  • the coil spring 9 is in one piece and comprises an outer coil 14 and an inner coil 15.
  • One end of the outer coil 14 is connected to the coupling ring 3, for example, screwed into the internal thread 25 and possibly also selectively welded.
  • the inner coil 15 is connected to the motor nut 8, so that a movement of the motor nut 8 is resiliently transmitted to the coupling ring 3.
  • Fig. 2g shows a schematic view of a housing 2 for this embodiment of the coupling system according to the invention.
  • the housing 2 is substantially cylindrical and has an eccentrically arranged circular recess for receiving the core 1.
  • At the inner periphery of the housing 2 are four
  • Housing grooves 16 each offset approximately 90 ° to each other.
  • the housing grooves 16 serve to receive the balls 4.
  • the housing grooves 16 have rounded edges to ensure that in
  • Fig. 3 shows a schematic exploded view of a second embodiment of a coupling system according to the invention for an electromechanical lock.
  • a conventional hand knob is shown, which is in communication with the core 1.
  • the core 1 is rotatably mounted in the housing 2.
  • the coupling system is in the locked state, so that the user can not cause rotation of the core 1 relative to the housing 2 by turning the hand knob.
  • the coupling system releases the core 1 and the user can effect rotation of the core 1 relative to the housing 2 by turning the hand knob.
  • the core 1 is a coupling element in the form of a coupling ring 3, a spring element in the form of a coil spring 9, and a coupling element 18 is arranged for engagement in a locking lug 19.
  • FIG. 4a shows a cross section through this embodiment in the blocking state.
  • the coupling system according to the invention is used in this case for a cylinder lock with a locking lug 19.
  • the blocking state shown in this figure represents the resting state of the lock.
  • the coupling system comprises a housing 2 and a rotatably mounted therein core 1, which on the left side with a
  • Hand knob is connected. On the right side of the core 1 is connected to the locking lug 19.
  • a coupling ring 3 is provided in the core 1, which is displaceable along the longitudinal axis 23 of the core 1.
  • the coupling ring 3 is identical to the embodiment of Fig. 2a executed and has at its outer periphery via two radially outwardly projecting shoulders 12, which engage for guiding in each case in a core groove 13 of the core 1. In the illustrated blocking state, the balls 4 through the
  • Stop surface 1 1 pressed on the outer circumference of the coupling ring 3 through the recess 17 in the housing groove 1 6 and provide a positive connection of the core 1 with the housing 2 safely. A rotation of the core 1 relative to the
  • Coupling ring 3 are moved to the right. For this purpose, the
  • Coupling ring 3 is connected via a coil spring 9 with a motor nut 8, which is arranged rotatably on a motor spindle 6 of a motor arranged in the core 1 7.
  • the motor spindle 6 By activating the motor 7, for example by an authorized electronic chip card or a legitimate RFI D chip, the motor spindle 6 is rotated. As a result, the motor nut 8 is moved to the right along the longitudinal axis 23 and also pulls the coil spring 9 to the right.
  • the coupling ring 3 is connected at its inner periphery via an internal thread 25 with the coil spring 9 and is thus also displaced to the right until the release state is reached.
  • the coupling element 18 is used for positive engagement in corresponding recesses of the locking lug 19th
  • the coupling element 18 is in resilient connection with the coupling ring 3 and the motor nut 8 and is also displaceable along the longitudinal axis 23. in the
  • Fig. 4b shows a cross section through this embodiment when the
  • a rotation of the core 1 relative to the housing 2 is possible in this position, so that by actuation of the hand knob, the coupling element 18 can be moved to that position in which it can engage in the provided recesses of the locking lug 19.
  • the hand knob must be turned by a maximum of 90 °.
  • Fig. 4c shows a cross section through this second embodiment in the locked state.
  • the coupling element 18 is moved completely to the right and in the
  • Locking lug 19 engaged. An actuation of the locking lug 19 by turning the
  • the release state and locked state is usually maintained only for a certain period of time, for example a few seconds, to ensure that actuation of the locking lug can only take place for a short time.
  • the motor 7 rotates the motor spindle 6 in the opposite direction and the motor nut 8 pulls the coupling ring 3 again to the left via the coil spring 9. This will also do that
  • Coupling element 18 taken and dissolved the positive connection with the locking lug 19. By transition from the release state in the blocking state, the coil spring 9 is relaxed again.
  • Fig. 4d shows a schematic view, as in this embodiment of
  • Coupling ring 3 and the coupling element 18 are resiliently connected to each other via the coil spring 9.
  • the structure of the coupling ring 3 corresponds to the im
  • the coil spring 9 is designed in this embodiment with an outer coil 14 and an inner coil 15, wherein one end of the outer coil 14 with the
  • Coupling ring 3 and another end of the outer coil 14 with the coupling element 18, and the inner coil 15 is in communication with the motor nut 8.
  • FIGS. 4e and 4f show a schematic view and a cross section along the indicated sectional plane of the coupling element 18 for this second embodiment of the coupling system according to the invention.
  • the coupling element 18 is in
  • annular Essentially annular and comprises a support ring 21 and two radially and axially outwardly projecting engagement jaws 20.
  • the engagement jaws are arranged offset on the circumference of the support ring by 180 ° and are used for positive engagement in recesses of the locking lance 19th
  • Engagement jaws 20 may be provided.
  • the carrier ring 21 of the coupling element 18 at its inner periphery an internal thread 22.

Landscapes

  • Mechanical Operated Clutches (AREA)
  • Lock And Its Accessories (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système d'accouplement pour une serrure électromécanique, comprenant un boîtier (2), un noyau (1) monté de manière rotative dans le boîtier (2) ainsi qu'un moyen de liaison coulissant servant à la liaison par complémentarité de formes du noyau (1) avec le boîtier (2). Un élément d'accouplement est présent, lequel peut coulisser entre un état de libération et un état de blocage sensiblement le long d'un axe longitudinal (23) du noyau (1). Dans l'état de blocage, le moyen de liaison vient en prise par complémentarité de formes dans le noyau (1) et le boîtier (2), et l'élément d'accouplement, pour le coulissement du moyen de liaison dans le boîtier (2), possède sur son pourtour extérieur une surface de mise en prise (5) qui s'élargit de manière conique par rapport à l'axe longitudinal (23).
EP18745939.1A 2017-08-08 2018-07-26 Système d'accouplement pour une serrure électromécanique Active EP3665346B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT506582017A AT520252B1 (de) 2017-08-08 2017-08-08 Kupplungssystem für ein elektromechanisches Schloss
PCT/EP2018/070251 WO2019030003A1 (fr) 2017-08-08 2018-07-26 Système d'accouplement pour une serrure électromécanique

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3665346A1 true EP3665346A1 (fr) 2020-06-17
EP3665346B1 EP3665346B1 (fr) 2022-03-16

Family

ID=63014570

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP18745939.1A Active EP3665346B1 (fr) 2017-08-08 2018-07-26 Système d'accouplement pour une serrure électromécanique

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3665346B1 (fr)
AT (1) AT520252B1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2911916T3 (fr)
WO (1) WO2019030003A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP4365390A1 (fr) 2022-11-02 2024-05-08 Uhlmann & Zacher GmbH Serrure d'armoire
AT526417B1 (de) 2022-12-21 2024-03-15 Evva Sicherheitstechnologie Kupplungssystem für ein elektromechanisches Schloss

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SE530926C2 (sv) * 2007-12-18 2008-10-21 Assa Oem Ab Handtagsanordning
ES2331865B1 (es) * 2008-07-15 2010-10-28 Salto Systems, S.L. Mecanismo de embrague aplicable a cilindros electromecanicos de cerraduras.
SE534640C2 (sv) * 2010-03-23 2011-11-01 Assa Oem Ab Handtagsanordning med aktiveringsorgan, ingreppsorgan och elektrisk drivanordning
MX2013015167A (es) * 2011-06-20 2014-03-27 Kwikset Corp Ensamble de cerrojo electronico accionado manualmente con bisel de rotacion libre.
US9290965B2 (en) * 2012-12-18 2016-03-22 Stanley Security Solutions, Inc. Lock assembly having quick release double fire plate
DK2860331T3 (en) * 2013-10-08 2016-11-28 Assa Oem Ab Handle device.
DE102014103666C9 (de) * 2014-03-18 2019-06-06 Günter Uhlmann Türdrücker

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AT520252B1 (de) 2019-11-15
WO2019030003A1 (fr) 2019-02-14
AT520252A1 (de) 2019-02-15
ES2911916T3 (es) 2022-05-23
EP3665346B1 (fr) 2022-03-16

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