EP3662222A1 - Echangeur de chaleur comprenant un element de distribution a canaux multiples - Google Patents
Echangeur de chaleur comprenant un element de distribution a canaux multiplesInfo
- Publication number
- EP3662222A1 EP3662222A1 EP18755512.3A EP18755512A EP3662222A1 EP 3662222 A1 EP3662222 A1 EP 3662222A1 EP 18755512 A EP18755512 A EP 18755512A EP 3662222 A1 EP3662222 A1 EP 3662222A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- fluid
- distribution
- exchanger according
- channels
- flow
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
- F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
- F28F9/026—Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits
- F28F9/0282—Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits by varying the geometry of conduit ends, e.g. by using inserts or attachments for modifying the pattern of flow at the conduit inlet or outlet
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D9/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
- F28D9/0062—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by spaced plates with inserted elements
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J5/00—Arrangements of cold exchangers or cold accumulators in separation or liquefaction plants
- F25J5/002—Arrangements of cold exchangers or cold accumulators in separation or liquefaction plants for continuously recuperating cold, i.e. in a so-called recuperative heat exchanger
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
- F25J2290/32—Details on header or distribution passages of heat exchangers, e.g. of reboiler-condenser or plate heat exchangers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
- F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
- F28D2021/0033—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for cryogenic applications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
- F28F3/02—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations
- F28F3/025—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being corrugated, plate-like elements
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
- F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
- F28F9/026—Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits
- F28F9/0265—Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits by using guiding means or impingement means inside the header box
- F28F9/0268—Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits by using guiding means or impingement means inside the header box in the form of multiple deflectors for channeling the heat exchange medium
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a distribution element configured to be arranged in a distribution zone of a plate and fin type heat exchanger, and an exchanger comprising such a distribution element and at least one set of passages for a fluid to be in heat exchange relationship with at least one other fluid.
- the element according to the invention allows a more homogeneous distribution of the fluid over the width of said passages.
- the present invention finds particular application in the field of gas separation by cryogenics, in particular the separation of air by cryogenics (known by the acronym "ASU" for air separation unit) exploited for the production of oxygen gas under pressure.
- ASU air separation unit
- the present invention can be applied to a heat exchanger which vaporizes a liquid flow, for example oxygen, nitrogen and / or argon by heat exchange with a gas.
- the present invention can also be applied to a heat exchanger which vaporises at least one liquid-gas mixture flow rate, in particular a multi-component mixing flow rate, for example a mixture of hydrocarbons, by heat exchange with at least one another fluid, for example natural gas.
- a heat exchanger which vaporises at least one liquid-gas mixture flow rate, in particular a multi-component mixing flow rate, for example a mixture of hydrocarbons, by heat exchange with at least one another fluid, for example natural gas.
- the technology commonly used for a heat exchanger is that of brazed plate and finned aluminum exchangers, which make it possible to obtain very compact devices with a large exchange surface.
- These exchangers comprise plates between which are inserted heat exchange waves, formed of a succession of fins or wave legs, thereby constituting a stack of passages for the different fluids to be in heat exchange relationship.
- Distribution zones are fluidly connected to collectors semi-tubulars configured to distribute the different fluids selectively in the different passages, as well as for discharging said fluids from said passages.
- these distribution zones generally comprise distribution waves, arranged in the form of corrugated sheets between two successive plates.
- the distribution waves are generally perforated straight waves cut in the shape of triangles or trapezoids. They ensure the diversion of the fluid from the inlet manifold of the exchanger to distribute it over the width of the heat exchange zones, as well as the recovery of the fluid from said heat exchange zone.
- the distribution waves also act as spacers to ensure the mechanical resistance to brazing and operation of the passage distribution area.
- Such distribution waves are known from US-B-6044902 and EP-A-0507649.
- EP-A-3150952 is a plate heat exchanger in which the distribution elements are formed by the plates themselves which are stamped.
- the distribution zones are occupied by at least two wave mats in order to optimize the falls of the cut-outs, thus increasing the risk of play between the mats.
- the assembly of the wave mats can also cause accidents along the flow path of the fluid, which contributes to increase the pressure losses of the distribution areas. Because of these imperfections of the distribution zones, it can occur flow variations of an amplitude of the order of 10%, harmful to the proper operation of the exchanger.
- the distribution area of a passage extends typically over a length, measured in a longitudinal direction corresponding to the direction of flow of the fluid in the heat exchange zone of the same passage, of the order of 200 to 600 mm, and over a width, measured perpendicular to said longitudinal direction, of the order of 500 to 1500 mm.
- the distribution zones constituting parts of less good mechanical strength than the heat exchange zones, it is desirable to limit as much as possible their longitudinal extent to ensure a better resistance of the exchanger during the circulation of high pressure fluids within the passages.
- the aim of the present invention is to solve all or part of the problems mentioned above, in particular to propose a heat exchanger in which the distribution of the fluid or fluids in the heat exchange zones is as uniform as possible, and which Furthermore, it has smaller footprint distribution areas than in the prior art.
- a plurality of plates arranged parallel to each other so as to define at least one set of passages for the flow of a fluid intended to exchange heat with at least one other fluid, the passages extending in a longitudinal direction and a lateral direction perpendicular to said longitudinal direction,
- each passage being divided, in the longitudinal direction, into at least one distribution zone and a heat exchange zone
- At least one distribution zone of a passage comprising a dispensing element, said dispensing element comprising a plurality of partition walls arranged so as to divide said dispensing zone into a plurality of channels for the flow of the fluid, said channels defining flow paths of different lengths and having variable fluid flow sections along said flow paths.
- the element of the invention may comprise one or more of the following technical characteristics:
- the separating walls of the distribution element are secured to each other by means of a support, the support is brazed with an adjacent plate.
- the dividing walls project from the support in the passage.
- the support comprises a flat bottom, the dividing walls projecting perpendicularly to the bottom.
- the element comprises a first end forming an inlet or an outlet for the fluid and a second end in fluid communication with the heat exchange zone when the distribution element is arranged in a distribution zone, each separating wall being formed of the same piece and extending continuously from the first end to the second end.
- each channel is provided with a first opening and a second opening at the first and second ends respectively.
- At least one first opening has a different fluid passage section of the fluid passage section of another first opening and / or at least one second opening has a different fluid passage section of the fluid passage section of another second opening.
- the first openings and / or the second openings of the same channel have fluid passage sections all the greater that the flow path defined by said channel is long.
- one or more channels comprise means for modifying the linear resistance to the flow of said channels.
- said means comprise a conformation of the inner profiles of said channels.
- said means comprise partitions arranged within said channels.
- said means comprise porous structures, for example metal foams, arranged within said channels.
- the separating walls have, in longitudinal section, rectilinear profiles.
- the separating walls have, in longitudinal section, predetermined curvilinear profiles.
- said predetermined curvilinear profiles comprise at least one inflection point.
- the distribution element extends along a length in a longitudinal direction and a width in a lateral direction, the ratio between a length and the width being less than 20%, preferably between 5 and 10%.
- the distribution element extends over a length of less than 500 mm, preferably between 50 and 200 mm.
- the distribution element has a height, measured in a vertical direction orthogonal to the plates, of at least 2 mm, preferably at least 5 mm, preferably a height of between 2 and 15 mm.
- the distribution element is a monolithic element, preferably manufactured by an additive manufacturing method or by foundry.
- Figure 1 is a schematic three-dimensional view of a plate-and-fin type exchanger
- Figure 2 is a partial schematic view, in longitudinal section of a distribution zone according to one embodiment of the invention.
- FIGS 3A, 3B and 4 are partial schematic views in longitudinal section of distribution zones according to other embodiments of the invention.
- FIGS. 5A and 5B are diagrammatic views, in longitudinal and three-dimensional section respectively, of a distribution zone according to another embodiment of the invention.
- Figures 6A, 6B, 6C and 7 show results of simulations performed with a distribution element as schematized in Figure 5B.
- a heat exchanger 1 of the plate and fin type comprises a stack of plates 2 which extend in two dimensions, length and width respectively according to the longitudinal direction z and the lateral direction y.
- the plates 2 are arranged parallel to each other spacially and thus form several sets of passages 3, 4, 5 for fluids F1, F2, F3 to put in indirect heat exchange relationship via the plates 2.
- the lateral direction is orthogonal to the longitudinal direction z and parallel to the plates 2.
- the longitudinal axis is vertical when the exchanger 1 is in operation.
- each passage has a parallelepipedal and flat shape.
- the passages extend in length in the longitudinal direction z and in width in the lateral direction y.
- the gap between two successive plates is small in front of the length and the width of each successive plate.
- Each passage 3, 4, 5 is divided along the longitudinal direction z into at least one distribution zone 20 and a heat exchange zone 21.
- the flow of fluids within the distribution zones takes place globally parallel to the longitudinal direction z.
- the heat exchange and exchange zones 20, 21 are preferably juxtaposed along the longitudinal axis z.
- two distribution zones 20 are arranged on either side of the heat exchange zone 21, one serving to bring the fluid F1 to the heat exchange zone 21, the other to evacuate said zone.
- Waveforms of conventional distributions made in the form of corrugated products are represented in the distribution zones 20.
- the exchanger 1 comprises collectors of semi-tubular shape 7, 9 provided with openings 10 for introducing the fluids into the exchanger 1 and the evacuation of the fluids out of the exchanger 1. These collectors have smaller openings than the passages.
- the distribution zones 20 serve to distribute the fluids introduced through the openings of the collectors over the entire width of the passages.
- a distribution element is arranged in at least one distribution zone 20 of a passage 3 of the exchanger, this element comprising a plurality of separating walls 25 arranged in such a way as to dividing said distribution zone 20 into a plurality of channels 26 for the flow of fluid F1.
- Said channels 26 define flow paths of different lengths and have variable fluid passage sections along said flow path. Subdividing the distribution area into several distinct channels of varying lengths and cross-sections allows the fluid to be deflected while finely controlling the fluid flow conditions within each channel.
- the distribution element confers structural rigidity on the distribution zone of the exchanger since the spacer function can be provided by the separating walls.
- the exchanger is of the type with brazed plates and fins, that is to say that the separate elements constituting the exchanger are secured, directly or indirectly by brazing.
- the distribution element according to the invention is distinct from the plates 2.
- brazed support is meant that the support is bonded or joined by brazing with an adjacent plate of the exchanger via at least a portion of their respective surfaces.
- fluid passage section means the surface through which the fluid flows in the channel, the latter being measured in a plane perpendicular to the direction of movement of the fluid F1 in said channel, i. e. perpendicular to the running lines of the fluid F1 in motion.
- the length of the flow paths refers to the distance to be traveled for the fluid F1 between the inlet and the outlet of the channel in question.
- the distribution element further comprises a support
- FIG. 5B An example of such an element is shown in Figure 5B. It is then understood that the distribution element is not a corrugated product as is the case with the distribution waves conventionally arranged in the distribution zones of a brazed plate and fin exchanger. The walls 25 are joined together via the same support 27, which gives greater rigidity to the distribution element. This also makes it possible to simplify brazing operations. In addition, such a configuration provides greater freedom of construction of the distribution element and geometry of its channels.
- the walls 25 of a relatively large height in the passages, typically at least 2 mm, preferably at least 5 mm, more preferably up to 15 mm or more, which is not This is not the case with the exchangers in which the walls result from stamping the separating plates.
- said support comprises a bottom 27, preferably a flat bottom that can be formed of a flat sheet, from which the partition walls 25 are erected.
- the walls 25 are preferably erected in the vertical direction x.
- the walls 25 may have heights h typically between 2 and 15 mm. Preferably, the heights are chosen so that the walls extend in almost all or all of the height of the passage in the vertical direction x.
- the configuration of the distribution element 22 according to the invention, in which the distribution element is a separate part of the plates, also makes it possible to design separate distribution profiles on either side of the same plate.
- a distribution element according to the invention is housed in several or all of the distribution zones of one or more sets of passages of the exchanger. Said element extends over almost all or even all of the height of the passages, measured according to the vertical direction x, so that the structure is advantageously in contact with each plate 2 forming the passage 20.
- the channels are preferably isolated fluidly from each other.
- the flow parameters of each channel are thus controlled independently of those of the neighboring channels, which makes it possible to adjust specifies the distribution of the fluid over the width of the passages at the outlet of the distribution zone.
- the separating walls 25 are erected perpendicularly to the plates 2.
- the number of channels 26 is at least 6, more preferably between 5 and 50. Indeed, the number of channels 26 must, on the one hand, be sufficient to give the element 22 its rigidity mechanical and on the other hand not be excessive in order to leave free a sufficient volume for the flow of the fluid and to limit the pressure losses.
- the distribution element 22 comprises a first end 23 forming an inlet or an outlet for the fluid F1 and a second end 24 in fluid communication with the heat exchange zone 21.
- the passages 3 to 5 are bordered by closure bars 6 which do not completely close the passages but leave free openings 23, 24 for the entry or exit of the corresponding fluids.
- FIG. 2 partially diagrammatically the "input" part of a passage 3 of an exchanger according to one embodiment of the invention.
- a fluid collector 7 is arranged in the left corner of the exchanger, the first end 23 being fluidly connected to the collector 7 and forming an inlet for the fluid F1, whose flow is shown schematically by dashed arrows.
- the first and second ends 23, 24 preferably extend in a plane parallel to the lateral direction y and perpendicular to the longitudinal direction z.
- the partition walls 25 extend between the first and second ends 23, 24 and form channels 26 opening at the second end 24 and configured to uniformly distribute, in the lateral direction y, the fluid F1 so as to obtain a distribution homogeneous or quasi-homogeneous to or from the entire width of the heat exchange zone 21 when the other of said first and second ends 23, 24 is supplied with fluid F1.
- each channel is provided with first openings 26a and second openings 26b.
- the first and second openings 26a, 26b are located at the first and second ends 23, 24 respectively, the walls separators 25 extending continuously from the first end 23 to the second end 24.
- the fluid flow path F1 corresponds to the path to be traveled between the openings 26a and 26b.
- Each of the ends 23, 24 can thus be divided into a series of openings 26a and a series of openings 26b respectively.
- the openings 26a, 26b of the channels 26 may have identical or variable fluid passage sections along the channels 26 considered.
- the fluid passage sections of the openings 26a and 26b correspond to the internal surfaces of the channels 26 measured at the first and second ends 23, 24 in a plane parallel to the lateral direction y.
- At least one first opening 26a has a fluid passage section different from the fluid passage section of another first opening 26a and / or at least one second opening 26b has a fluid passage section different from the fluid passage section of another second opening 26b.
- first openings 26a and / or the second openings 26b of the same channel 26 have fluid passage sections all the greater that the flow path defined by said channel 26 is long, i. e. that the distance to travel for the fluid F1 between the first opening 26a and the second opening 26b is large.
- the first end 23 is subdivided into a first series of first openings 26a having increasing fluid passage sections in the lateral direction y.
- the supply of the channels configured to distribute the fluid F1 of the collector 7 to the portion of the second end 23 diagonally opposite said extreme edge is favored.
- the first openings 26a arranged, preferably symmetrically, on either side of the plane M have increasing fluid passage sections as one moves away from said median plane M. This compensates for the natural tendency of the fluid to pass into the region of the distribution zone situated opposite the collector rather than the zones farther away from the collector, and thus to homogenize the distribution of the fluid in the width of the passage 3 of the exchanger.
- the first end 23 is located on the side of the inlet manifold 7 of the exchanger and forms an inlet for the fluid F1.
- the first openings 26a of the first end 23 have variable fluid passage sections according to their position along the lateral direction y.
- openings 26a of different passage sections Thanks to the use of openings 26a of different passage sections, it is in particular possible to supercharge channels less conducive to the passage of the fluid, and this from the inlet of the fluid F1 in the distribution zone 20, which generates less loss of charges and therefore leads to a more efficient fluid distribution system.
- all or part of the channels 26 comprise means 28 for modifying the linear resistance to the flow of said channels 26.
- the linear resistance to the flow of each channel can thus be adjusted according to the desired flow characteristics in each channel 26, in particular flow rate and fluid velocity.
- the linear resistance to channel flow can be adjusted so that each channel 26 has a similar overall flow resistance.
- the characteristics of the fluid at the outlet of the channels 26 are thus homogenized in the lateral direction y, which allows a uniform distribution to or from the heat exchange zone 21.
- flow resistance is meant the ability of the channel to generate on the one hand viscous friction and on the other hand to deflect the flow (pressure force normal to the wall). This resistance is expressed in the form of a reaction force of the solid structure on the flow in Newton, which is translated in the fluid by a loss of charge in Pascals. This force depends on the first order of the kinetic energy of the fluid (rho * u 2 ) and the second order of the Reynolds number (rho * u * D / mu). The resistance to linear flow corresponds to the channel flow resistance expressed per unit length.
- a channel 26 will comprise modifying means 28 configured to produce an increase in the linear resistance to the flow all the more important that the opening 26a of said channel is close, in terms of the distance to be traveled for the fluid F1, from the other opening 26b.
- the channels 26 comprise modifying means 28 configured to produce an increase of the linear resistance to the increasingly weaker flow in the lateral direction y.
- this makes it possible to compensate the natural preferential passage of the fluid in the axis rather than the side of the exchanger, and thus to obtain a good distribution of the fluid.
- the collector 7 is centered with respect to the median plane M of the exchanger, as represented in FIG. 5A, the fluid resistance of a channel will be greater as it is close to the median plane. Mr.
- the channels 26 may have shaped internal profiles to produce different variations in flow resistance.
- partitions 28 may be arranged in one or more channels 26 so as to create an additional dividing stage of the distribution zone 22. This makes it possible to vary the linear resistance to the flow. and to control even more finely the flow parameters of the fluid dispensed to or recovered from the heat exchange zone 21.
- additional partitions 28 is particularly advantageous when the first end 23 of the distribution element has a width too small to be divided into a sufficient number of channels 26.
- the separating walls 25 and / or the partitions 28 may, in longitudinal section, have rectilinear profiles, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 4, or curvilinear, as illustrated in FIGS. 3A, 3B and 5A, 5B. .
- the separating walls 25 have predetermined curvilinear profiles comprising at least one P-point of inflection.
- Such a geometry makes it possible to divert the fluid more rapidly, that is to say over a shorter distance L1, over a large width of the passage of the exchanger. It is thus possible to reduce the longitudinal extent of the distribution zone 20, and consequently to increase the mechanical strength of the exchanger since the compactness of the so-called "weak" zone of the exchanger is increased.
- the first end 23 forming an inlet or outlet of the distribution element 22 has, in the lateral direction y, a width L3 of between 50 and 1000 mm, more preferably between 100 and 500 mm.
- the distribution element 22 has, parallel to the longitudinal direction z, a length L1 less than 500 mm, preferably between 50 and 200 mm, more preferably between 80 and 100 mm.
- the length L1 of the distribution element 22 represents less than 20% of the length of the exchange zone 21.
- the distribution element 22 has, parallel to the lateral direction y, a width L2, the ratio between a length L1 and the width L2 being less than 20%, preferably between 5 and 10%.
- the width L2 is preferably between 500 and 1500 mm.
- the dispensing element 22 is advantageously formed of a metallic material, preferably aluminum or an aluminum alloy.
- the element may be formed in particular of a porous material, preferably with non-through pores, for example a metal foam.
- the dispensing element 22 is monolithic, which makes it possible to minimize accidents along the fluid flow paths.
- the element 22 can be manufactured by an additive manufacturing method, preferably by thermal spraying, which makes it possible to produce pieces of complex geometries as a single unit.
- thermal spraying a cold projection method called "cold spray”.
- additive manufacturing process can also be designated by the terms “3D printing” or "three-dimensional printing”.
- Additive manufacturing is used to produce a real object, using a specific printer that deposits and / or solidifies the material, layer by layer, to obtain the final piece. Stacking these layers creates a volume.
- Element 22 can also be manufactured by the following additive manufacturing processes:
- stereolithography a process in which ultraviolet radiation solidifies a layer of liquid plastic
- the dispensing member 22 may be made by casting. This manufacturing process makes it possible to produce pieces of complex geometries at a relatively low cost compared to additive manufacturing.
- the element 22 is formed of a cast aluminum alloy, that is to say an alloy whose main constituent is aluminum, of lower density to be converted by foundry.
- these advantageously comprise heat exchange structures 8 arranged between the plates 2, as shown in FIG. 1.
- These structures have the function of increasing the heat exchange surface of the exchanger and act as spacers between the plates 2, especially during assembly by brazing of the exchanger, to avoid any deformation of the plates during the implementation of fluids under pressure.
- these structures comprise heat exchange waves 8 which advantageously extend along the width and the length of the passages of the exchanger, parallel to the plates 2.
- These waves 8 can be formed in the form of corrugated sheets.
- we call “fins” the wave legs that connect the vertices and successive bases of the wave.
- the exchange structures 8 may also take on other particular shapes defined according to the desired fluid flow characteristics. More generally, the term “fins” covers blades or other secondary surfaces of heat exchange, which extend from the primary heat exchange surfaces, that is to say the plates of the heat exchanger, in the passages of the exchanger.
- the distribution element 22 according to the invention and the heat exchange structure 8 are preferably juxtaposed along the longitudinal axis z, that is to say positioned end to end. It is noted that a small clearance can exist between these elements, so as not to clog the channels of the exchange zone 21 which are opposite the walls 25 of the channels of the distribution zone 22.
- the first end 23 of the element 22 is arranged end-to-end with at least a portion of the collector 7 while the second end 24 is arranged end-to-end with at least a portion of the structure 8.
- the structure 8 , the collector 7 and / or the element 22 are soldered to the plates 2 and are connected indirectly to one another via their respective connections with the plates 2.
- the element 22 is assembled to the plates 2 by brazing the support 27 to the plates 2, the support or bottom 27 comprising at least one face coated with a soldering agent.
- This face is positioned facing a plate 2 so as to form a connecting surface with said plate 2.
- the plates 2 have in whole or in part at least one face coated at least in part with a layer of brazing agent.
- the dimensional characteristics of the distribution element 22 were as follows:
- the height of the element 22 9.5 mm (the walls 25 having a height, in the vertical direction x of 7.5 mm and the bottom 27 having a thickness of 2 mm),
- FIGS. 6A, 6B and 6C show the maps of the velocities, pressures and temperatures of the fluid flowing within channels 26 of the distribution element. 22. There is a quasi-homogeneous distribution of the fluid at the outlet of the channels 26.
- FIG. 7 indicates the evolution of the so-called axial velocity values ("axial velocity"), that is to say in the longitudinal direction z, obtained at the outlet of the element 22, as a function of the position along the lateral direction y. We thus start from the center of the distribution element 22 (0 mm position) to the edge of the second end 23 (position at 485 mm).
- the distribution of velocity values along the lateral direction y is characterized by a standard deviation (or standard deviation) of 0.9% and a maximum deviation of 2.8% from the mean value of the velocity in the d-zone. exchange, which is well below the variations observed with conventional distribution elements for which the standard deviations are of the order of 3%. Thanks to the invention, therefore, the speed variations are reduced along the lateral direction at the outlet of the distribution zone, which makes it possible to distribute the fluid as homogeneously as possible over the entire width of the exchange zone. heat.
- a distribution element according to the invention can thus be arranged in any distribution zone of the exchanger, in one or more passage series 3, 4, 5 of the exchanger, upstream and / or downstream of one or several of the collectors of the exchanger.
- Figure 5B illustrates the case where a heat exchanger passage comprises two distribution element according to the invention arranged on either side of the heat exchange zone 21 (shown schematically with a deliberately shortened length). It should also be noted that passages 3, 4, 5 of the exchanger may be formed between two successive plates 2 as well as between a closing bar 6 of the exchanger and a plate 2 immediately adjacent.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Geometry (AREA)
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
- Details Of Heat-Exchange And Heat-Transfer (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1757539A FR3069918B1 (fr) | 2017-08-04 | 2017-08-04 | Echangeur de chaleur comprenant un element de distribution a canaux multiples |
| PCT/FR2018/051804 WO2019025691A1 (fr) | 2017-08-04 | 2018-07-16 | Echangeur de chaleur comprenant un element de distribution a canaux multiples |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3662222A1 true EP3662222A1 (fr) | 2020-06-10 |
| EP3662222B1 EP3662222B1 (fr) | 2021-05-26 |
Family
ID=60515515
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP18755512.3A Active EP3662222B1 (fr) | 2017-08-04 | 2018-07-16 | Echangeur de chaleur comprenant un element de distribution a canaux multiples |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20200370836A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP3662222B1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP7150819B2 (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN111065879B (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3069918B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2019025691A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102018003479A1 (de) * | 2018-04-27 | 2019-10-31 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Plattenwärmetauscher, verfahrenstechnische Anlage und Verfahren |
| US11226158B2 (en) * | 2019-04-01 | 2022-01-18 | Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation | Heat exchanger fractal splitter |
| FR3096768B1 (fr) * | 2019-05-29 | 2021-04-30 | Air Liquide | Echangeur-réacteur avec zones de distribution perfectionnées |
| FR3096767B1 (fr) * | 2019-05-31 | 2021-07-30 | Safran | Échangeur thermique a déflection |
| CN114340297B (zh) * | 2020-09-29 | 2025-08-01 | 台达电子工业股份有限公司 | 水冷装置及其集流器 |
| JP7247251B2 (ja) * | 2021-03-30 | 2023-03-28 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 熱交換器 |
| CN113993346B (zh) * | 2021-10-20 | 2023-01-17 | 联想(北京)有限公司 | 导风装置及导风装置的制造方法 |
| CN116793118A (zh) * | 2023-03-03 | 2023-09-22 | 浙江三花智能控制股份有限公司 | 板式热交换器 |
| US12498184B2 (en) * | 2023-06-08 | 2025-12-16 | Raytheon Technologies Corporation | Uniform chemical milling |
| CN118936203A (zh) * | 2024-09-09 | 2024-11-12 | 空调国际(上海)有限公司 | 换热器翅片及板式换热器 |
Family Cites Families (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3291206A (en) * | 1965-09-13 | 1966-12-13 | Nicholson Terence Peter | Heat exchanger plate |
| JPS5447152A (en) * | 1977-09-20 | 1979-04-13 | Kobe Steel Ltd | Heat exchanger unit of plate fin type |
| FR2674947B1 (fr) * | 1991-04-03 | 1998-06-05 | Air Liquide | Procede de vaporisation d'un liquide, echangeur de chaleur pour sa mise en óoeuvre, et application a une installation de distillation d'air a double colonne. |
| NL1000706C2 (nl) | 1995-06-30 | 1996-12-31 | Level Energietech Bv | Warmtewisselaar met verbeterde configuratie. |
| US6044902A (en) * | 1997-08-20 | 2000-04-04 | Praxair Technology, Inc. | Heat exchange unit for a cryogenic air separation system |
| FR2790546B1 (fr) * | 1999-03-01 | 2001-04-20 | Air Liquide | Echangeur de chaleur, applications a la vaporisation de liquide sous pression et appareil de distillation d'air equipe d'un tel echangeur |
| JP2001235295A (ja) | 2000-02-21 | 2001-08-31 | Sharp Corp | 熱交換器のヘッダ |
| JP2003222495A (ja) | 2002-01-31 | 2003-08-08 | Sumitomo Precision Prod Co Ltd | 熱交換用フィン部材およびこれを用いた熱交換装置 |
| SE532524C2 (sv) * | 2008-06-13 | 2010-02-16 | Alfa Laval Corp Ab | Värmeväxlarplatta samt värmeväxlarmontage innefattandes fyra plattor |
| DE102008033302A1 (de) * | 2008-07-15 | 2010-01-21 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Ermüdungsfester Plattenwärmetauscher |
| FR2995073A1 (fr) * | 2012-09-05 | 2014-03-07 | Air Liquide | Element d'echangeur pour echangeur de chaleur, echangeur de chaleur comprenant un tel element d'echangeur et procede de fabrication d'un tel element d'echangeur |
| CN102809312A (zh) * | 2012-09-12 | 2012-12-05 | 江苏宝得换热设备有限公司 | 一种三通道板式换热器 |
| EP3150952A1 (fr) | 2015-10-02 | 2017-04-05 | Alfa Laval Corporate AB | Plaque de transfert de chaleur et échangeur de chaleur à plaques |
| US20170198988A1 (en) | 2016-01-13 | 2017-07-13 | Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation | Vanes for heat exchangers |
-
2017
- 2017-08-04 FR FR1757539A patent/FR3069918B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2018
- 2018-07-16 US US16/636,165 patent/US20200370836A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2018-07-16 JP JP2020504359A patent/JP7150819B2/ja active Active
- 2018-07-16 CN CN201880057974.XA patent/CN111065879B/zh active Active
- 2018-07-16 EP EP18755512.3A patent/EP3662222B1/fr active Active
- 2018-07-16 WO PCT/FR2018/051804 patent/WO2019025691A1/fr not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2019025691A1 (fr) | 2019-02-07 |
| CN111065879B (zh) | 2021-08-24 |
| JP2020529572A (ja) | 2020-10-08 |
| EP3662222B1 (fr) | 2021-05-26 |
| US20200370836A1 (en) | 2020-11-26 |
| JP7150819B2 (ja) | 2022-10-11 |
| CN111065879A (zh) | 2020-04-24 |
| FR3069918A1 (fr) | 2019-02-08 |
| FR3069918B1 (fr) | 2020-01-17 |
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