EP3654485A1 - Bestimmungsverfahren der steuerungsparameter von n stromgeneratoren, steuerungsverfahren von n generatoren und system zur umsetzung dieser verfahren - Google Patents
Bestimmungsverfahren der steuerungsparameter von n stromgeneratoren, steuerungsverfahren von n generatoren und system zur umsetzung dieser verfahren Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3654485A1 EP3654485A1 EP19207140.5A EP19207140A EP3654485A1 EP 3654485 A1 EP3654485 A1 EP 3654485A1 EP 19207140 A EP19207140 A EP 19207140A EP 3654485 A1 EP3654485 A1 EP 3654485A1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- power
- generator
- electric
- determining
- generators
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 91
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 107
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010200 validation analysis Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004590 computer program Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 39
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 9
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 241001080024 Telles Species 0.000 description 3
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009849 deactivation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/46—Controlling of the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/46—Controlling of the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
- H02J3/466—Scheduling the operation of the generators, e.g. connecting or disconnecting generators to meet a given demand
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/46—Controlling of the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
- H02J3/48—Controlling the sharing of the in-phase component
Definitions
- the technical field of the invention is that of controlling a plurality of electric generators.
- the present invention relates to a method for determining the control parameters of N electric generators, a method for controlling N generators and a system implementing said methods.
- the invention offers a solution to the problems mentioned above, by making it possible to provide control instructions which are a function of a demanded power and a reserve power, and which take into account the efficiency of the generators or even the temperature of the latter .
- electric generator is meant a generator, a fuel cell or, more generally, any source of electricity which consumes a fuel in order to produce electrical energy.
- the method according to a first aspect of the invention may have one or more complementary characteristics among the following, considered individually or according to all the technically possible combinations.
- each generator i is associated with a minimum power P i min .
- the method according to a first aspect of the invention can take into account a minimum power.
- the distribution or distributions used are those which attribute to each electric generator i an electric power P i (t) inversely proportional to the temperature T i (t) of said electric generator i.
- the distribution or distributions used are those which make it possible to minimize the maximum temperature reached by each electric generator i for a given horizon t + H where H is the duration separating the instant t from the horizon considered.
- the method according to a second aspect of the invention may have one or more complementary characteristics among the following, considered individually or according to all technically possible combinations.
- each generator i is associated with a minimum power Pi min .
- a third aspect of the invention relates to a method for controlling N electric generators comprising a first step of implementing a method for determining the parameters for controlling N electric generators according to a first or a second aspect of the invention and a second step of sending parameters thus determined to said N electric generators.
- a fourth aspect of the invention relates to a method for controlling N electric generators comprising an initialization phase during which the method according to a first aspect of the invention is implemented a plurality of times, each implementation being carried out with values of requested power P tot (t) and of reserve power P reserve (t) different so as to obtain a correspondence table and a second control phase during which control parameters are sent to said N electric generators, said control parameters being determined using the correspondence table.
- a fifth aspect of the invention relates to a control system comprising means for implementing the steps of the method according to a first, second or third aspect of the invention.
- a sixth aspect of the invention relates to a computer program comprising instructions which, when the program is executed by a computer, lead the latter to implement the steps of the method according to a first, second, third or fourth aspect of the invention.
- a seventh aspect of the invention relates to a computer-readable data medium, on which the computer program is recorded according to a sixth aspect of the invention.
- a first embodiment illustrated in figure 1 and at the figure 2 relates to a method 100 for determining the control parameters of N electric generators at an instant t.
- An electric generator can be a generator, a fuel cell or, more generally, any source of electricity that consumes a fuel in order to produce electrical energy.
- the method 100 according to a first embodiment can be implemented by a calculation means, for example a processor, an ASIC card or even an FPGA, associated with a memory.
- the memory can contain the instructions and the variables necessary for the execution of the process by the calculation means.
- the parameters necessary for the execution of the process can be entered by an operator and / or obtained automatically (using sensors, etc.)
- the method 100 is a function of several parameters.
- the first of these parameters is the power demand P tot (t) at an instant t from the N electric generators.
- the sum of the powers supplied by each electric generator i must be equal to the power demanded.
- This reserve power reflects the fact that it is easier to require the power of an active generator than to activate a new generator.
- f i (x) giving the fuel consumption per unit of electric energy produced by the electric generator i for the electric power x.
- An example of a function f i (x) giving the fuel consumption per unit of electric energy produced by the electric generator i is illustrated in figure 3 in the case of a generator. The points correspond to the experimental measurements and the curve corresponds to a curve determined from these measurements.
- the method according to a first aspect of the invention from the requested power P tot (t) and the reserve power P reserve (t), implements a step of determining the optimal power P i opt (t) at the instant t associated with each electric generator i so as to minimize the fuel consumption per unit of electric energy produced sfc ( t).
- ⁇ (t) the activation profile at an instant t.
- This activation profile ⁇ (t) corresponds to a set of configurations, each configuration being associated with a N-tuplet ( ⁇ 1 (t) ... ⁇ i (t) ... ⁇ N (t)) of coefficients activation ⁇ i (t) where N is the number of electric generators considered.
- a fair distribution within the meaning of the invention does not mean that each generator G1, G2, G3 provides the same electrical power P i (t), this situation corresponding only to the particular case in which all the generators G1, G2, G3 have an identical maximum power P i max .
- the equitable distribution of power is different from the optimal distribution of power.
- the three electric generators being equivalent here, the calculation of the activation profile can be limited to only one of these configurations.
- ⁇ (t) ⁇ (1,1,0), (0,1,1), (1,0,1) ⁇ .
- a configuration of the activation profile ⁇ (t) corresponds to the current activation profile of the generators, said configuration is chosen as being the activation profile.
- the power supplied P 3 ( t) by the third generator is kept at zero (the latter not being active).
- a plurality of values of the fuel consumption per unit of electrical energy produced sfc (t) are obtained, each of these values being associated with a power distribution which can be put under the form of a triplet of powers (P 1 (t), P 2 (t), P 3 (t)).
- the powers forming the power triplet (s) associated with this lowest value correspond to the optimal powers P i opt (t).
- P 1 opt , P 2 opt , P 3 opt two triplets (P 1 opt , P 2 opt , P 3 opt ) minimizes fuel consumption per unit of electrical energy produced: (1,0.5,0) and (0.5,1,0).
- the result can be used for the other two configurations ((0,1,1) and (1,0,1)) of the activation profile ⁇ (t).
- the implementation of the method according to a first aspect of the invention made it possible to determine the optimal power P i opt of each electric generator i making it possible to meet the power demand P tot (t), the power reserve P reserve (t) and to minimize fuel consumption per unit of electrical energy produced sfc. More particularly, taking into account all the possible configurations ( ⁇ 1 (t) ... ⁇ i (t) ... ⁇ N (t)) of the activation profile ⁇ (t), the power (P 1 opt , P 2 opt , P 3 opt ) is equal to (1,0.5,0), (0.5,1,0), (0,0.5,1), (0,1,0.5), (1,0,1.5 ) or (0.5,0,1).
- each generator is associated with a minimum power P i min .
- the power supplied P i (t) by each generator is between P i min and P i max .
- This embodiment is particularly suitable for cases where a minimum level of production is required, for example when using generator sets. In this case, when the power supplied P i (t) by each active generator is varied so as to obtain a plurality of values, this variation is carried out while respecting the minimum power P i max .
- An example of plotting the temperature as a function of time t for a given power x i is illustrated in figure 5 .
- each generator i is also associated with a maximum temperature T i max .
- the distribution or distributions selected are those which make it possible to minimize the maximum temperature reached by each electric generator i for a given horizon t + H where H is the duration separating the instant t from the horizon considered.
- the distribution (s) retained are those whose supplied powers P i (t) allocated to each generator i conform to the following relation P i (t) EP i *: Min (max (T i (P i (t + H)))) where H is the chosen horizon and P i * is the optimal power for generator i.
- a method 100 according to a first aspect of the invention makes it possible to obtain an optimal distribution of the power in order to minimize the fuel consumption.
- this optimization has a cost: the adoption of very disparate power supplies P i ( t ) between generators. If such disparities do not present a problem when they occur over short periods, they can on the other hand, if they are maintained too long, cause problems of power calls too important for certain groups G1, G2, G3.
- One way of overcoming this disadvantage is to adopt such a distribution only when the latter has a substantial advantage relative to an equitable distribution of power.
- a second aspect of the invention illustrated in figure 6 relates to a method 200 for determining the control parameters of N electric generators at an instant t.
- the scheme of the figure 1 therefore also applies to a method according to a second aspect of the invention.
- the optimization of the powers generally leads to an inequitable distribution of the powers P i ( t ) .
- the fraction r i will be called the fraction of power supplied.
- the power supplied by a generator when P i t r i P i max P i ( t ) minimizes the fuel consumption of said generator.
- the method comprises, for each generator, a step of determining the fuel consumption per unit of electrical energy produced as a function of the power so as to obtain the function f i ( x ) for each generator. Alternatively, this fuel consumption can be supplied by the manufacturer or the distributor of said generator.
- FIG. 8 An example of fuel consumption per unit of electrical energy produced as a function of output power is shown in figure 8 .
- the function f i ( x ) can vary as a function of each generator and that therefore the latter as well as the value of the fraction r i of maximum power will have to be determined for each generator.
- the method then comprises a step 2E3 of determining the power P i ( t ) associated with each generator as a function of the value of sf c eq and sfc opt .
- the distribution of the power P i ( t ) among the N generators will be done as a function of the fuel consumption associated with an equitable distribution sf c eq and of the fuel consumption associated with an optimal distribution sf c opt .
- the optimal allocation will only be chosen if it has a substantial advantage compared to equitable distribution.
- the predefined threshold is equal to 0.99. In other words, when the optimal distribution is more efficient by 1% compared to the equitable power distribution, the optimal distribution is the distribution chosen.
- a third aspect of the invention illustrated in figure 10 relates to a method 300 for controlling N electric generators comprising a first step 3E1 of implementing a method 100,200 for determining the parameters for controlling N electric generators according to a first or a second aspect of the invention and a step 3E2 d 'sends parameters thus determined to said N electric generators.
- a fourth aspect of the invention illustrated in figure 11 relates to a method 400 for controlling N electric generators comprising a first initialization phase PI during which the method 100,200 according to a first aspect of the invention or a second aspect of the invention is implemented a plurality of times, each implementation being carried out with values of requested power P tot (t) and of reserve power P reserve (t) different so as to obtain a look-up table.
- the correspondence table makes it possible to supply, for a requested power value P tot (t) and a power of reserve P reserve (t), the optimal power distribution (s) (P 1 (t) ... P i (t) ... P N (t)).
- P tot a requested power value
- P reserve a power of reserve
- s optimal power distribution
- P 1 (t) ... P i (t) ... P N (t) the optimal power distribution
- the correspondence table allows supply, for a requested power value P tot (t), a reserve power P reserve (t) and as a function of the temperature T i (t) of each electric generator i, the optimal power distribution (s) (P 1 (t) ... P i (t) ... P N (t)).
- the correspondence table makes it possible to supply, for a requested power value P tot (t) and a reserve power P reserve (t), the optimal and equitable distribution (s) of power (P 1 (t) ... P i (t) ... P N (t)) as well as the consumption parameters sf c eq and sf c opt associated.
- the method 200 according to a second aspect of the invention implemented during the initialization phase PI takes into account the temperature T i (t) of each electric generator i, then said method 200 according to a second aspect of the invention is also implemented for different temperatures of the different electric generators.
- the method then comprises a second piloting phase PP during which piloting parameters are sent to said N electric generators, said piloting parameters being determined using the correspondence table.
- FIG. 9 illustrates the control of three identical generators G1, G2, G3, each generator having a maximum power P i max equal to 1600 kW and the reserve power P reserve being chosen equal to 240 kW. More particularly, the upper part of the figure 6 illustrates the power supplied P i (t) by each electric generator i (on the ordinate) as a function of the requested power P tot (t). The lower part of the figure 6 illustrates the value of the function sfc as a function of the requested power P tot (t).
- the figure 12 and 13 illustrate, for the figure 12 the operation of three generators G1, G2, G3 controlled using a process according to the state of the art, for the figure 13 the operation of three generators G1, G2, G3 controlled using of a method according to a second 200 or a third 300 aspect of the invention when the initialization phase is carried out using a method 100 according to a first aspect of the invention.
- the three generators G1, G2, G3 are regularly active at the same time in order to meet the demand.
- the fuel consumed was 91.87 m 3 and the operating time of the groups was 396 h.
- FIG 14 A second example of implementation of the 300,400 method according to a third or fourth aspect of the invention is illustrated in the figure 14 in the case where the initialization phase PI is carried out with a method 200 according to a second aspect of the invention.
- the figure 14 represents the fuel consumption as a function of the total power requested.
- the dotted curve represents the fuel consumption assuming an equitable distribution of power such that P i ( t ) ⁇ 0.85 P i max .
- the solid line curve represents consumption in fuel assuming an optimal power distribution.
- the piloting process will adopt a fair power distribution since the latter makes it possible to obtain substantially the same fuel consumption, while allowing a better distribution of the force over all of the activated generators.
- the piloting process will adopt an optimal power distribution since the latter makes it possible to obtain a fuel saving compared to a fair distribution, at the cost of a poor distribution of the effort on all the generators. activated.
- the control will be done in most cases in a system of distribution of equitable powers, and therefore a better distribution of the force on all the activated generators. More particularly, the piloting will be carried out according to an equitable distribution of the power for a requested power comprised between 0 and 1.2 pu then between 1.6 and 1.75 pu and finally beyond 2.45 pu, a optimal distribution being adopted in the other cases.
- the switch from a fair power distribution to an optimal power distribution is not done automatically but after validation by an operator, for example for security or technical reasons.
- the determined control parameters assume a transition from a fair distribution to an optimal distribution, said transition is subject to validation by an operator, the parameters corresponding to a fair distribution being used as long as the validation by the operator is not performed.
- the control is carried out assuming a distribution of the equitable power.
- a fifth aspect of the invention relates to a control system comprising the means for implementing a method according to a second or a third aspect of the invention.
- the control system comprises a calculation means, for example a processor, an ASIC card or even an FPGA, associated with a memory.
- the memory can contain the instructions and the variables necessary for the execution of the process by the calculation means.
- the control system can include input means (for example a keyboard associated with a screen or else again a touch screen) on which an operator can enter the corresponding information. Alternatively or additionally, these parameters can be wholly or partly determined automatically.
- the reserve power P reserve ( t ) is determined according to the current situation of the said ship: at the quay, during the maneuver, in the open sea, etc.
- the input means also allow a user to inform the control system about the characteristics of each electric generator i such as the maximum power P i max , minimal P i min or the maximum temperature T i max not to exceed.
- the control system can comprise communication means in order to obtain the temperature of the sensors placed at the level of each electric generator. Indeed, in general, each electric generator has a temperature sensor to ensure proper monitoring of its operation. The control system can therefore be configured to receive the data collected by said sensors.
- the control system can also include communication means connected to the various electric generators so as to communicate to the latter the instructions, that is to say the power P i ( t ) that each electric generator i must supply. .
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1860457A FR3088496B1 (fr) | 2018-11-13 | 2018-11-13 | Procedes de determination des parametres de pilotage de n generateurs electriques, procede de pilotage de n generateurs et systeme mettant en œuvre lesdits procedes |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3654485A1 true EP3654485A1 (de) | 2020-05-20 |
EP3654485B1 EP3654485B1 (de) | 2021-08-11 |
Family
ID=66530093
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP19207140.5A Active EP3654485B1 (de) | 2018-11-13 | 2019-11-05 | Verfahren zum bestimmen der steuerparameter von n elektrischen generatoren, verfahren zum steuern von n generatoren und system zur durchführung dieser verfahren |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
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EP (1) | EP3654485B1 (de) |
FR (1) | FR3088496B1 (de) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US11680836B2 (en) | 2019-12-13 | 2023-06-20 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives | Method for determining individual fuel consumption characteristics of different generator units of a generating assembly |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6681155B1 (en) * | 1998-08-31 | 2004-01-20 | Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation | Optimizing control method and optimizing control system for power plant |
WO2011128344A2 (fr) * | 2010-04-12 | 2011-10-20 | Novatec | Procede d'equilibrage d'un reseau electrique comportant plusieurs generateurs, repartiteurs et installations |
US20130342020A1 (en) * | 2012-06-25 | 2013-12-26 | Honeywell International Inc. | Fuel efficiency optimization for microgrid systems employing multiple generators |
US20140152007A1 (en) * | 2012-12-05 | 2014-06-05 | Deif A/S | Managing Efficiency of a Pool of Engine-Driven Electric Generators |
EP3012939A1 (de) * | 2014-04-11 | 2016-04-27 | Kohler Co. | Generatorverwaltungssystem und verfahren zur selektiven aktivierung von mindestens einem aus einer vielzahl von generatoren in einem stromerzeugungssystem |
-
2018
- 2018-11-13 FR FR1860457A patent/FR3088496B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2019
- 2019-11-05 EP EP19207140.5A patent/EP3654485B1/de active Active
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6681155B1 (en) * | 1998-08-31 | 2004-01-20 | Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation | Optimizing control method and optimizing control system for power plant |
WO2011128344A2 (fr) * | 2010-04-12 | 2011-10-20 | Novatec | Procede d'equilibrage d'un reseau electrique comportant plusieurs generateurs, repartiteurs et installations |
US20130342020A1 (en) * | 2012-06-25 | 2013-12-26 | Honeywell International Inc. | Fuel efficiency optimization for microgrid systems employing multiple generators |
US20140152007A1 (en) * | 2012-12-05 | 2014-06-05 | Deif A/S | Managing Efficiency of a Pool of Engine-Driven Electric Generators |
EP3012939A1 (de) * | 2014-04-11 | 2016-04-27 | Kohler Co. | Generatorverwaltungssystem und verfahren zur selektiven aktivierung von mindestens einem aus einer vielzahl von generatoren in einem stromerzeugungssystem |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US11680836B2 (en) | 2019-12-13 | 2023-06-20 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives | Method for determining individual fuel consumption characteristics of different generator units of a generating assembly |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR3088496B1 (fr) | 2021-07-02 |
EP3654485B1 (de) | 2021-08-11 |
FR3088496A1 (fr) | 2020-05-15 |
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