EP3652840A1 - Procede de pilotage d'une machine electrique tournante polyphasee et machine electrique tournante mettant en oeuvre ce procede - Google Patents
Procede de pilotage d'une machine electrique tournante polyphasee et machine electrique tournante mettant en oeuvre ce procedeInfo
- Publication number
- EP3652840A1 EP3652840A1 EP18737288.3A EP18737288A EP3652840A1 EP 3652840 A1 EP3652840 A1 EP 3652840A1 EP 18737288 A EP18737288 A EP 18737288A EP 3652840 A1 EP3652840 A1 EP 3652840A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- phase
- angle
- machine
- notches
- stator
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K11/00—Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection
- H02K11/30—Structural association with control circuits or drive circuits
- H02K11/33—Drive circuits, e.g. power electronics
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
- H02K21/12—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets
- H02K21/14—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets with magnets rotating within the armatures
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K3/00—Details of windings
- H02K3/04—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors
- H02K3/12—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors arranged in slots
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K3/00—Details of windings
- H02K3/04—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors
- H02K3/28—Layout of windings or of connections between windings
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/16—Stator cores with slots for windings
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
- H02K1/2706—Inner rotors
- H02K1/272—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis
- H02K1/274—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets
- H02K1/2753—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets the rotor consisting of magnets or groups of magnets arranged with alternating polarity
- H02K1/276—Magnets embedded in the magnetic core, e.g. interior permanent magnets [IPM]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K2213/00—Specific aspects, not otherwise provided for and not covered by codes H02K2201/00 - H02K2211/00
- H02K2213/03—Machines characterised by numerical values, ranges, mathematical expressions or similar information
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K2213/00—Specific aspects, not otherwise provided for and not covered by codes H02K2201/00 - H02K2211/00
- H02K2213/12—Machines characterised by the modularity of some components
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for controlling a polyphase rotating electrical machine for alternator, starter or alternator-starter.
- the invention also relates to a rotating electrical machine implementing this method.
- the invention has applications in the field of rotating electrical machines for motor vehicles and, in particular, in the field of electrical machines operating in alternator mode, starter mode or alternator-starter mode.
- the rotating electrical machines comprise a stator and a rotor integral with a central shaft.
- the rotor can be integral with a driving shaft and / or a driven shaft and can belong to a rotating electrical machine in the form of an alternator, an electric motor or a reversible machine that can operate in both modes.
- the electric machine comprises a casing carrying the stator.
- This casing which comprises a front bearing and a rear bearing each positioned at one end of the stator, is configured to rotate the shaft by means of bearings, such as ball bearings and / or needle.
- the rotor comprises a body formed by a stack of sheets of sheet metal held in pack form by means of a suitable fastening system, such as rivets passing axially through the rotor from one side to the other.
- the rotor comprises poles formed for example by permanent magnets housed in cavities formed in the magnetic mass of the rotor. Alternatively, in a so-called "salient" poles architecture, the poles are formed by coils wound around rotor arms.
- the stator comprises a body constituted by a stack of thin sheets forming a ring having an inner cylindrical face and an outer cylindrical face. The inner cylindrical face is provided with slots extending axially and open radially towards the rotor for receiving windings forming phase windings.
- the notches are evenly distributed on the inner face of the stator with a predefined pitch, denoted P.
- the phase windings are obtained either by means of an electrically conductive wire which enters and leaves the notches at each pitch P, or by means of conductive pins inserted into the notches and interconnected all the P notches.
- the phase windings - also called simply phases - are coupled to each other in a star or delta configuration.
- a three-phase machine generally comprises three pairs of poles distributed on the rotor and three phase windings angularly distributed on the inner cylindrical face of the stator.
- a two-three-phase machine comprises a first three-phase system B1 and a second three-phase system B2 whose phases are offset from the first three-phase system so as to obtain six phases evenly distributed in the stator.
- the winding is distributed at a regular pitch between the notches, the number of which is generally a multiple of 6.
- the total number of notches may be, for example, 48, 54 or 72.
- Each Phase winding can fill a notch or two notches, or even three notches or 1, 5 notches, depending on the number of stator slots. For example, in the case of a machine with 6 phases, 3 pairs of poles and 72 notches, each phase winding fills 2 notches.
- FIGS. 1 and 2 schematically showing a stator winding with a normal pitch - namely a step of 9 notches -
- FIG. 1 schematically showing a stator winding with a normal pitch - namely a step of 9 notches -
- Figure 2 schematically a short-pitched stator winding - namely a step of 8 notches.
- FIGS. 3A and 3B show the curves of FIGS. 3A and 3B, in which FIG. 3A shows the electromotive force obtained in a three-phase machine and Figure 3B shows the electromotive force obtained in a three-phase machine where the electrical phase shift between the first and second three-phase system is zero. It follows from this difference in the harmonic rate that the undulation of the torque between the rotor and the stator (or "ripple", in English terms) is reduced in a double-three-phase machine compared to a three-phase machine.
- the ripple of the couple is the cause of many mechanical inconveniences, such as magnetic noise, inaccuracy of movement control, etc. Car manufacturers therefore generally seek to reduce torque ripples as much as possible. For this, it is known to shift the second three-phase system by an electric angle of 30 ° with respect to the first three-phase system and to determine a mechanical angle between the phases that is equivalent to the electric angle.
- the applicant proposes a method for controlling a polyphase rotating electrical machine for optimizing at least one characteristics of the machine torque depending on the performance to be achieved.
- the invention relates to a method for controlling a polyphase rotating electrical machine comprising a rotor in relative rotation with respect to a stator, said stator comprising a first and a second three-phase windings positioned relative to one another. another according to a mechanical angle and an electric angle, the first and second three-phase windings defining a number of pairs of poles and phases around a predefined number of notches.
- This method is characterized in that the electrical angle between the first and second three-phase windings is out of phase with the mechanical angle so as to optimize at least one of the technical characteristics of the torque of the machine.
- electric angle between the first and second three-phase windings the angle formed between phase currents of two three-phase systems.
- mechanical angle means the angle between the FEM of the two three-phase systems.
- This method has the advantage of allowing optimization of the average torque of the machine or the torque ripple, or both, depending on the desired performance of the machine. This optimization is obtained without additional cost, by phase shift of the electric angle relative to the mechanical angle.
- a value of the electric angle is determined from a curve representing the average torque as a function of the electric angle and / or of a curve representing the torque ripples as a function of said electric angle.
- phase shift of the electrical angle relative to the mechanical angle is controlled by an inverter of the rotating electrical machine.
- the phase shift of the electric angle is obtained by time shift of the power supply of the second three-phase winding with respect to the first three-phase winding.
- the invention relates to a rotating electrical machine polyphase, comprising a rotor in relative rotation with respect to a stator, said stator comprising a first and a second three-phase windings defining a number of pairs of poles and phases around a predefined number of notches.
- This machine is characterized in that the first and second three-phase windings are positioned relative to each other at a predefined mechanical angle and at an electrical angle out of phase with the mechanical angle.
- the first and second three-phase windings define 6 poles and 6 phases wound around 54 notches.
- the first and second three-phase windings define 12 poles and 6 phases wound around 72 notches.
- the first and second three-phase windings define 8 poles and 6 phases wound around 48 notches.
- FIGS. 3A-3B already described, represent curves of the electromotive force obtained, respectively, in a three-phase machine and in a three-phase double machine;
- FIGS. 4A-4C show an example of average torque and torque ripple in a three-phase dual machine comprising 3 pairs of poles and 54 notches;
- FIGS. 5A-5B show an example of average torque and torque ripple in a three-phase machine with six pairs of poles and 72 notches;
- FIGS. 6A-6C show an example of average torque and torque ripple in a three-phase double machine comprising 4 pairs of poles and
- FIGS. 7A-7B show an example of a first and a second windings out of phase according to the method of the invention as well as the curves representative of the electromotive force and the current of these windings;
- FIG. 8A and 8B show, respectively, a schematic sectional view and an electrical diagram of an example machine (rotor and stator) that can implement the method of the invention.
- the rotating electrical machine in which the method of the invention is implemented, is the polyphase machine described above in the paragraph entitled "State of the art".
- This machine is of the double three-phase type. It comprises a stator 200 equipped with a predetermined number of notches around which six phase windings 150 are wound.
- This machine also comprises a rotor 300 equipped with a predetermined number of pairs of poles. In the examples described below, the number of pairs of rotor poles is 3, 4 or 6 and the number of stator slots is 48, 54 or 72, it being understood that the method of the invention may be apply to any type of rotor and stator of three-phase machine, whatever their number of pairs of poles and their number of notches.
- the method of the invention proposes to control a three-phase double machine so as to optimize one of the technical characteristics of the torque of the machine.
- the control of the machine is performed in particular by an inverter 400, such as that shown in Figure 8B.
- the torque of a polyphase machine is characterized by its average torque and its ripple. It may be interesting, in some applications, to favor the average torque of the machine and, on the contrary, in other applications, to favor the reduction of torque ripples.
- the method of the invention proposes to phase out the electrical angle between the first and the second windings relative to the mechanical angle. In other words, it is proposed to desynchronize the electrical and mechanical angles of the windings of the machine to obtain different torque characteristics.
- FIGS. 4A-4C show an example of the average torque and the torque ripple in a three-phase double machine comprising 3 pairs of poles and 54 notches.
- Figure 4A schematically shows the distribution of the phases in the 54 notches 100 of the machine. In this example, each phase winding is wound around 1.5 slots of the stator.
- FIG. 4C represents a histogram showing the radial force exerted on the stator for each of the harmonic orders and for several values of the electrical angle, in particular 0 °, 10 °, 20 °, 30 °, 40 ° and 50 °.
- FIG. 4A schematically shows the distribution of the phases in the 54 notches 100 of the machine. In this example, each phase winding is wound around 1.5 slots of the stator.
- FIG. 4C represents a histogram showing the radi
- FIG. 4C shows the influence of the electric angle on the acoustic behavior of the machine.
- Figure 4C also shows the content of the harmonics of the forces in the gap. These forces influence the acoustic level of the machine. Also, reducing these harmonics reduces the noise of the machine.
- FIG. 4B shows the curve of the average torque Ccm, in Nm, as a function of the electrical angle between the first and second three-phase windings of the machine of FIG. 4A and the curve of the torque ripple C0, measured peak-to-peak , in%, according to this same electric angle. These curves are given for a given offset angle, regardless of the harmonic order. The curves of this FIG.
- the torque ripple is not optimized for the same electrical angle as the average torque.
- the average torque is optimized. that is to say it is at its maximum - for an electrical angle of 20 °, while the torque ripple is optimized - that is to say, it is at its minimum - for an electric angle from 30 to 40 °.
- FIGS. 5A-5B show an example of average torque and corrugation of torque obtained in another polyphase machine.
- the machine is a three-phase machine with six pairs of poles and 72 notches.
- FIG. 5A shows that, in this example, the machine comprises a notch per pole and per phase. In other words, the winding of a phase fills one notch per pole.
- FIG. 5B shows the curve of the average torque Ccm, in Nm, as a function of the electric angle between the first and second three-phase windings of the machine of the FIG. 5A and the curve of the torque ripple C 0, measured peak-to-peak, in%, as a function of this same electrical angle.
- the curves of this FIG. 5B show that the torque ripple is not optimized for the same electrical angle as the average torque. Indeed, in this example, the average torque is optimized for an electrical angle of the order of 35 °, while the torque ripple is optimized for an electrical angle of about 10 °.
- FIGS. 6A-6C show an example of average torque and torque ripple obtained in yet another polyphase machine.
- the machine is a three-phase machine with 4 pairs of poles and 48 notches.
- Figure 6A schematically shows the distribution of the phases in the 48 notches of the machine. In this example, each phase winding fills one notch per pole and per phase.
- FIG. 6C shows the radial force exerted on the stator, for each of the 12 harmonic orders and for several values of the electrical angle, in particular 0 °, 10 °, 20 °, 30 °, 40 ° and 50 °. This FIG. 6C shows the influence of the electric angle on the behavior of the machine.
- FIG. 6A shows an example of average torque and torque ripple obtained in yet another polyphase machine.
- the machine is a three-phase machine with 4 pairs of poles and 48 notches.
- Figure 6A schematically shows the distribution of the phases in the 48 notches of the machine. In this example, each phase winding fills one notch per pole and per phase
- FIG. 6B shows the curve of the average torque Ccm, in Nm, as a function of the electrical angle between the first and second three-phase windings of the machine of FIG. 6A and the curve of the torque ripple C0, measured peak-to-peak , in%, according to this same electric angle.
- the curves of this FIG. 6B, represented for the same harmonic order, show that the torque ripple is not optimized for the same electrical angle as the average torque. Indeed, in this example, the average torque is optimized - that is to say, it is at its maximum - for an electrical angle of 20 to 25 °, while the torque ripple is optimized - c ' that is, it is at its minimum - for an electrical angle of about 35 °.
- FIGS. 4A to 6C show the advantage of displacing the electric angle with respect to the mechanical angle of the machine.
- the behavior of the machine differs according to the chosen electric angle, which allows to improve either the average torque of the machine, the torque ripple.
- the electrical angle can also be chosen so as to simultaneously optimize the two characteristics of the torque (average torque and torque ripple).
- a value of the electrical angle will be chosen so as to find a balance between the average torque and the torque ripple, without however that the average torque is maximized, nor that the torque ripple is minimized.
- the value of the average torque and the value of the torque ripple are then weighted one according to the other.
- the value of the electric angle, so that the average torque and the torque ripple are weighted could be, for example, between 8 and 10 °.
- the value of the most favorable electric angle can be determined by reading curves such as those of FIGS. 4B, 5B and 6B.
- the chosen value is controlled by the inverter of the polyphase machine.
- any polyphase rotating electrical machine is controlled by an electronic power module called inverter.
- An example of such an inverter is referenced 400 in Figure 8B.
- This power electronic module 400 comprises a plurality of power electronic components 410, for example power transistors, connected to form stator control switches.
- the electronic power components are controlled so that the signals emitted by the sensors of the machine are synchronized with the electromotive force seen by the phases.
- the stator control switches are therefore switched to the transmission of the signals of the sensors.
- the control switches of the stator 200 are switched with a time delay with respect to the transmission of the signals from the sensors, this delay being obtained by means of a meter mounted within the electronic power module.
- the control switches are therefore switched with a time shift which generates the phase shift of the electric angle.
- the electrical angle between the two coils is thus out of phase with the mechanical angle of the phase windings. It is this phase shift between the electrical and mechanical angles that makes it possible to vary the technical characteristics of the torque of the machine.
- This method can be implemented on all three-phase dual machines, without additional cost, since the phase shift of the electrical angle relative to the mechanical angle is obtained solely by time shift of the control of the control switches, without adding components.
- FIG. 7A shows an example of a first winding B1 and a second winding B2 of the three-phase double machine according to the invention.
- the first winding B1 comprises 3 phases, referenced 1 1, 12, 13 and angularly distributed at an electrical angle of 120 °.
- the second coil B2 comprises three phases 21, 22, 23 distributed angularly at an electrical angle of 120 °.
- the two coils B1, B2 shown in solid lines are out of phase with an electric angle of 30 °.
- the dotted trains represent the positioning of the second coil B2 with respect to the first winding B1 when the electric angle is different from 30 °, for example when it is between 0 and 50 °.
- FIG. 7B shows the EMF force (in volts) and the current (in amperes) curves as a function of the electrical angle.
- the electromotive force is shown for each of the first and second coils B1 and B2.
- the current is shown for each of the first and second windings B1 and B2 when the second winding B2 is phase shifted by 30 ° electrical with respect to the first winding (curve B2) and when it is out of phase from 0 to 50 ° with respect to the first winding B1 (curves B2 'and B2 ").
- FIG. 7B shows the electrical effect of the phase shift between the first and second coils B1, B2, this electrical effect resulting in a variation of the average torque and / or torque ripple of a three-phase double machine.
- the method for controlling a polyphase rotating electrical machine according to the invention comprises various variants, modifications and improvements which will become obvious to the skilled person. profession, it being understood that these variants, modifications and improvements are within the scope of the invention.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Windings For Motors And Generators (AREA)
- Control Of Ac Motors In General (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1756557A FR3069113A1 (fr) | 2017-07-11 | 2017-07-11 | Procede de pilotage d'une machine electrique tournante polyphasee et machine electrique tournante mettant en oeuvre ce procede |
PCT/EP2018/068840 WO2019012010A1 (fr) | 2017-07-11 | 2018-07-11 | Procede de pilotage d'une machine electrique tournante polyphasee et machine electrique tournante mettant en oeuvre ce procede |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3652840A1 true EP3652840A1 (fr) | 2020-05-20 |
Family
ID=60450760
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP18737288.3A Withdrawn EP3652840A1 (fr) | 2017-07-11 | 2018-07-11 | Procede de pilotage d'une machine electrique tournante polyphasee et machine electrique tournante mettant en oeuvre ce procede |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP3652840A1 (fr) |
CN (1) | CN110999035A (fr) |
FR (1) | FR3069113A1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2019012010A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR3102525B1 (fr) * | 2019-10-25 | 2021-10-08 | Valeo Embrayages | Système de propulsion pour un véhicule. |
US11799411B2 (en) * | 2021-08-31 | 2023-10-24 | Kinetic Technologies International Holdings Lp | Multi-phase permanent magnet rotor motor with independent phase coil windings |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1445848B1 (fr) * | 2000-02-24 | 2007-01-17 | Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha | Alternateur |
JP3672919B1 (ja) * | 2004-08-17 | 2005-07-20 | 山洋電気株式会社 | 永久磁石型回転モータ |
FR2906942B1 (fr) | 2006-10-10 | 2014-07-04 | Valeo Equip Electr Moteur | Rotor a griffes muni d'elements ferromagnetiques interpolaires de largeur optimisee et machine tournante equipe d'un tel rotor |
DE102013103665A1 (de) * | 2013-04-11 | 2014-10-16 | Feaam Gmbh | Elektrische Maschine |
WO2014174572A1 (fr) * | 2013-04-22 | 2014-10-30 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Moteur du type à aimant permanent |
DE102014200947A1 (de) * | 2014-01-20 | 2015-08-06 | Wobben Properties Gmbh | Synchrongenerator einer getriebelosen Windenergieanlage |
-
2017
- 2017-07-11 FR FR1756557A patent/FR3069113A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
-
2018
- 2018-07-11 WO PCT/EP2018/068840 patent/WO2019012010A1/fr unknown
- 2018-07-11 CN CN201880052525.6A patent/CN110999035A/zh active Pending
- 2018-07-11 EP EP18737288.3A patent/EP3652840A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2019012010A1 (fr) | 2019-01-17 |
CN110999035A (zh) | 2020-04-10 |
FR3069113A1 (fr) | 2019-01-18 |
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