EP3650614B1 - Building structure - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates first to a building construction according to claim 1.

A building construction of a comparable type has been developed by the co-applicant and is included in the subsequently published German patent application DE 10 2018 000 396.6 been described.

The building construction described there uses a flexible shell that acts like formwork. The shell provides a closed or closable interior that can be filled with a foamed concrete mass. The foamed concrete mass has a density of less than 300 kg/m ³ .

From the WO 2015/078259 A1 an inflatable building emerges. Chambers are provided here, which can be filled with a filling material. In addition, an inflatable internal chamber is provided. A support layer with a mat structure or textile reinforcement, which has cement or concrete, does not emerge from the publication.

The aim of the present invention is to further develop a building construction described in the subsequently published patent application described at the outset.

The invention solves the problem according to a first aspect with the features of claim 1.

According to the invention, the casing is provided with a supporting layer on its inside and/or on its outside or on its inside wall and/or on its outside wall. The support layer serves e.g. B. to reinforce the building structure in a pre-assembly state, ie before filling the shell with foamed concrete mass. In an alternative of the invention, the support layer serves to reinforce the building structure in a final assembly state, ie after the shell has been filled with the foamed concrete mass.

The backing layer may have a mat structure, e.g. B. comprises a backing layer and a fabric arranged thereon. For this purpose, for example, so-called ready-made concrete layers are considered, which are also referred to as rollable concrete, or as ready-made concrete mats, and z. B. are also available under the brand name "Concrete Canvas" from Concrete Canvas Ltd., Block A22, Pontypridd, CF37 5SP, UK. These are mat structures which, for example, have a structure which is designed similarly to bandage material (gauze) and in which cement is arranged in the form of cement powder. Such a mat structure can be easily moistened or wetted with water and then allowed to cure.

A corresponding support layer made of such a mat structure can be sewn to the cover, for example, or connected to the cover in some other way.

According to the invention, for example, the shell can first be filled with air, and as a result of being filled with compressed air, the shell can be brought into a state that, viewed spatially, corresponds to the final state or finished or assembled state of the building structure. A corresponding mat structure can be attached to the inside of the cover and/or to the outside of the cover. Now the mat structure, i.e. the finished cement, can be sprayed or wetted with water. The support layer is then allowed to harden.

The building construction is now self-supporting.

The compressed air can then be released from the interior of the shell, and the interior of the shell can now be filled with liquid foamed concrete mass. The hardened supporting layer assumes a supporting function. It is therefore used in particular to see the housing construction in a pre-assembled state with sufficient rigidity to allow or facilitate filling of the envelope with foamed concrete mass, and also, if necessary, to provide increased rigidity and/or load-bearing capacity of the building construction in the finished state.

According to an alternative embodiment of the invention, the support layer can also include a textile reinforcement. This is in particular bordered on both sides by cement or concrete. The textile reinforcement can be connected to the shell, for example also sewn. In one embodiment, the envelope may first be filled with foamed concrete mass. When the foam concrete mass has cured, the textile reinforcement z. B. be applied with shotcrete, so that z. B. a textile floor layer with a thickness of z. B. 5 mm or 10 mm or 15 mm layer thickness is achieved. In this way, an additional textile-reinforced concrete layer is created around the hardened foamed concrete mass, or along it, on the inside or outside. The textile reinforcement enables the transmission of very large tensile forces, so that the building construction formed in this way is highly load-bearing and rigid.

The invention relates exclusively to building structures whose shell is filled with foamed concrete.

While conventional concrete masses have densities on the order of about 2.5 t/m ³ , foamed concrete masses have recently been developed, in some cases with the participation of the applicants, which have a significantly reduced density compared to conventional concrete masses.

The present patent application relates exclusively to building constructions and methods for their manufacture using or relying on foamed concrete masses.

A foam concrete mass in the sense of the present patent application consists of a mixture of cement paste and foam.

Cement paste is first produced, i.e. cement mixed with water, with additional additives such as hydroxyapatite or other suitable additives being used. This cement paste is mixed in a first container or made available there.

Foam is provided independently of the cement paste. The foam is provided, for example, in a foam-forming device.

The cement paste and the foam are then mixed together in a further process step. This is a foam concrete mass within the meaning of the present patent application.

In contrast to foamed concrete masses, aerated concrete masses are also known in the prior art: These are concrete masses of essentially conventional type, with the cement paste being mixed with gases, which lead to the formation of pores in the concrete.

The building construction according to the invention has a shell made of a flexible material that acts as a formwork. The shell provides a completely closed and/or closable interior that can be filled or is filled with a foamed concrete mass.

The shell can z. B. consist of a textile material. For example, woven or knitted fabrics made from natural or synthetic fibers or from mixtures thereof can be used. The shell can also be air permeable to a certain extent. It serves in particular to completely or essentially completely prevent the liquid foam concrete filled into the interior of the shell from escaping.

The cover can be stored or transported in the manner of a tube or a sack-like structure folded up or compressed in a state of rest. It has an inlet that cooperates with a valve. The inlet and/or the valve can be closed. A conveying line for foam concrete masses can be connected to the inlet. With the help of a pump, the liquid foamed concrete mass can be introduced into the interior of the shell. This is advantageously done under a certain pressure, in particular under a minimum pressure. The filling process is carried out until the shell is completely filled. After it has been completely filled, the envelope made of flexible material has a predetermined three-dimensional shape that corresponds to the envelope contour of the building structure to be manufactured or a part thereof.

When the shell is completely or sufficiently filled with foamed concrete mass, the valve is closed and the inlet is blocked. The liquid foam concrete mass can no longer escape through the inlet, but is trapped inside the shell. The shell filled with foamed concrete now has a geometric contour or three-dimensional shape that corresponds or can correspond to the contour of the building structure to be manufactured. For example, this can be a planar element or an arbitrarily curved three-dimensional shape.

According to the invention, this building element as a whole provides a building construction.

For example, tent-like accommodations can be provided that have a single shared living space or, in an alternative of the invention, also have multiple rooms or partitions.

After a relatively short time, e.g. B. after 24 hours, the foam concrete mass is fully cured. The curing times depend, among other things, on the humidity of the ambient air and on the ambient temperature. In any case, after the short curing time, the building structure to be manufactured is cured to such an extent that it is self-supporting.

The shell can remain permanently on the building structure manufactured in this way.

For example, the building construction can be made as follows:
A shell is provided at a construction site, ie at the later erection or assembly site of the building. This can be easily transported to the construction site in a compact, space-saving manner.

A foam concrete mass is produced on site and the shell is filled with it. The envelope can therefore be filled at the later installation site of the building structure.

If necessary, the cover can also be positioned or fixed in position during filling.

According to a variant of the invention, the shell is underlaid or overlaid by a supporting layer until the foamed concrete mass has hardened. In the pre-assembly state of the building structure, the supporting layer thus serves as a position-fixing means or as a positioning means.

After the foamed concrete mass has hardened, the support layer remains in the building structure and ensures a permanent increase in rigidity.

The finished casing construction features a shell that remains attached to the hardened foam concrete core.

Advantageously, the flexible shell is designed in such a way that it acts as a kind of reinforcement. On this reinforcement, for example, mortar layers or plaster layers, optionally also layers of paint, can be fastened in a particularly simple manner. In embodiments of the invention, small amounts of liquid foamed concrete mass can exit through the envelope after the filling of the envelope, and thus partially coat or wet the outside of the envelope with the liquid foamed concrete mass. If necessary, these parts of the foamed concrete mass emerging from the shell can also be smoothed out in order to avoid subsequent application, e.g. B. a layer of paint to facilitate.

For the purposes of the present invention, foamed concrete masses are understood to mean those materials which have a density of less than 300 kg/m ³ in the hardened and dried state.

Foam concrete masses can already be produced today that have such low densities, for example in the order of magnitude of between 100 and 200 kg/m ³ .

Ultimately, the density to be achieved depends on the one hand on the aggregates used and on the other hand on the required strength and rigidity of the hardened building structure.

The use of flexible shells as formwork for conventional concrete masses was previously not possible because the forces at work were too great. Only the foamed concrete masses to be used according to the invention with very low densities make it possible to use flexible formwork at all.

The envelope may have a single chamber or may be divided into multiple chambers. It can further be provided that the shell has only one inlet or, alternatively, a plurality of inlets. As is known, for example, from air mattresses, structural elements according to the invention can be provided using a cover that has a number of chambers, with each chamber being assigned its own inlet or, alternatively, a number of its own inlets.

According to the invention, a valve can be assigned to each inlet. The valve can be designed to close automatically or to be closed manually. It can also be a simple non-return valve, which allows filling but blocks an outlet.

According to one embodiment, the envelope has a number of chambers which are separate from one another and are filled with foamed concrete masses of different bulk densities.

For example, chambers can be designed in the manner of pipes or hoses and filled with foamed concrete masses of higher bulk density. Adjacent chambers of the shell with a larger volume can be filled with foamed concrete masses of a lower bulk density.

After the different foamed concrete masses have hardened, the strands of foamed concrete mass with a higher bulk density can ensure greater strength or rigidity of the structural element thus formed, in the manner of a strut. For example, a kind of skeleton construction for a component or for a building is thereby possible, with the stiffening struts formed in this way being an integral part of the shell or the formwork.

For example, dimensions of 50 to 300 kilograms per cubic meter can be regarded as low bulk densities, and densities of 500 to 1,200 kilograms per cubic meter can be regarded as higher foamed concrete bulk densities.

In the area of the valve, a coupling point is advantageously arranged, which allows coupling and decoupling of a conveying line for conveying the liquid foamed concrete mass from the shell. It is provided and covered by the invention if the liquid foamed concrete mass is supplied under pressure from the mixing device to the respective valve with the aid of a pump. As soon as the corresponding chamber is filled, the delivery line can be decoupled from the valve and, if necessary, coupled to another valve in order to fill another chamber of the same shell or another shell with liquid foamed concrete mass.

Depending on the geometry of the interior space, it can also be provided that one chamber has several points at a distance from one another has different inlets, for example to ensure uniform filling and homogeneous propagation of the liquid foamed concrete mass within the interior of the shell.

The sheath can contain fibers or consist of fibers that can withstand particularly high tensile forces, such as glass fibers, carbon fibers, Kevlar fibers, aramid fibers or metal wires.

According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the support layer has a mat structure and cement or concrete. The cement or concrete can be housed and held in powder form in the mat structure. In particular, ready-made concrete mat structures come into consideration here, which only require wetting with water in order to mature into a hardenable supporting layer.

Such a mat structure typically includes a backing and a fabric attached to the backing. The tissue can, for. B. made of textile material or fiber material.

The carrier layer can also consist of plastic film.

Alternatively, the supporting layer includes a textile reinforcement as well as cement or concrete. Here, the textile reinforcement can first be attached to the shell in a pre-assembled state and after the shell has been filled with compressed air or with foamed concrete mass, a cement or concrete mass can be applied to the textile reinforcement, for example by spraying. In this variant of the invention, the support layer comprises cement or concrete in the form of a layer subsequently attached to the textile reinforcement.

After the support layer has hardened, it provides the desired stability and rigidity.

According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the supporting layer is formed by a mat structure, which comprises a carrier layer and a fabric arranged thereon. The carrier layer can consist of plastic, for example. However, the invention also includes when the carrier layer consists of a water-soluble material. This offers particular advantages with regard to the room climate. For example, film-like materials can be used for the backing layer, such as water-soluble films z. B. are known from dishwashing pads ago, so have a kind of outer packaging that comes into contact with water to dissolve. Materials such as polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH, PVA or PVAL) are particularly suitable for the carrier layers.

According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the carrier layer of the mat structure and/or the textile reinforcement is at least partially, ie z. B. linearly or selectively or in certain areas, firmly connected to the shell. The connection can be achieved, for example, by sewing, gluing, welding, clamping, riveting or some other suitable attachment.

According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the textile reinforcement is bordered on both sides by a concrete mass. The concrete mass used here differs from the foamed concrete mass by a significantly higher bulk density. The textile reinforcement can have a net-like structure, for example, which can be penetrated or at least partially penetrated by the concrete mass.

The invention solves the problem described above according to a further aspect with the features of claim 6.

In order to avoid repetition, reference is made to the above statements insofar as the same or comparable features play a role.

According to a further aspect, the invention relates to a method for manufacturing a building structure according to claim 5.

The object of the invention is to specify a method with which a building structure that includes a shell that can be filled with foamed concrete mass can be improved.

The invention solves the problem with the features of claim 5 and according to an alternative embodiment of the invention with the features of claim 6.

According to the invention of claim 5 it is provided that first a shell made of a flexible, z. B. textile material is provided. The shell can be filled with foamed concrete mass and should be filled with foamed concrete mass to achieve the final assembly state of the housing construction.

First of all, however, the casing is filled with air, in particular with compressed air, in accordance with method step b) of claim 5 .

It is further provided in the method according to the invention that a supporting layer is provided. This can be provided on the outer wall and/or on the inner wall of the casing. The invention encompasses attaching the support layer to the outside or the inside of the envelope.

The envelope is provided either before the envelope is filled with air or after the envelope has been filled with air.

The supporting layer can comprise a mat structure or a textile reinforcement, with cement or concrete also being provided. The mat structure can, for example in the manner of a ready-mixed concrete layer, comprise a fabric structure and a carrier layer, the structure or fabric being interspersed with cement or concrete. The mat structure can be firmly connected to the shell, z. B. be sewn.

In the course of filling the shell with air, the building structure can unfold, so that the supporting layer—attached or adhering to the shell—also assumes a three-dimensional shape that corresponds to the three-dimensional shape of the building structure when assembled. The mat structure can now be wetted with water. The support layer is then allowed to harden.

After the supporting layer has been allowed to harden, the shell can be filled with foamed concrete mass. The support layer is therefore a support structure that ensures that the spatial shape of the building construction remains secure even during and after the shell is filled with foamed concrete. In addition, this can increase the rigidity and load-bearing capacity of the building structure.

According to an alternative embodiment of the invention, the shell is first filled with air, and then a supporting layer is attached—on the inside and/or outside of the shell—which includes a textile reinforcement and cement or concrete. The textile reinforcement can be fastened to the shell in the pre-assembly state or only fixed to the shell after the shell has been filled with air. The reinforcement can now be filled with liquid cement mass or liquid concrete mass are applied and are particularly interspersed or penetrated by this. In this way, a textile-reinforced concrete layer is provided, which extends along the shell either on the inside and/or on the outside. When this textile concrete layer has hardened, the shell can be filled with foam concrete mass.

According to a variant of the invention, the shell is first filled with foamed concrete mass and only after the foamed concrete mass has hardened is attached to the outside or inside of the building structure on the outside or inside a supporting layer, which comprises textile reinforcement and cement or concrete.

According to a variant of the invention, in the method for manufacturing a building structure according to claim 6, a shell is first provided, the shell is filled with foamed concrete mass, and before or after the shell is filled with foamed concrete mass, a support layer is provided on an outside or on an inside of the shell. The supporting layer can comprise a mat structure and/or a textile reinforcement as well as cement or concrete.

Further advantages of the invention result from the uncited dependent claims and from the following exemplary embodiments illustrated in the drawings.

Fig. 1

in einer teilgeschnittenen schematischen Übersichtsdarstellung nach Art eines Blockschaltbildes ein Behältnis mit Zementleim, ein Behältnis mit Schaum, ein Mischbehältnis, mehrere Förderleitungen, eine Pumpe und eine Hülle einer zu fertigenden Gebäudekonstruktion, welche gerade mit einer flüssigen Schaumbetonmasse befüllt wird,

Fig. 2

schematisch in Ansicht ein Ausführungsbeispiel einer erfindungsgemäßen Gebäudekonstruktion eines zeltartigen Gebäudes in einer schematischen vereinfachten Ansichtsdarstellung, wobei eine Türaussparung vorgesehen ist, und die Gebäudekonstruktion im Wesentlichen kuppelförmig ausgebildet ist,

Fig. 3

die Gebäudekonstruktion der Fig. 2 in einer teilgeschnittenen schematischen Ansicht, etwa entlang der Linie III-III in Fig. 2,

Fig. 4

die Gebäudekonstruktion der Fig. 2 in einer Draufsicht, etwa entlang des Ansichtspfeils IV in Fig. 2, zur Veranschaulichung einer aus mehreren Kammern bestehenden Hülle,

Fig. 5a

das Ausführungsbeispiel der erfindungsgemäßen Gebäudekonstruktion gemäß Fig. 3 in einem Vormontagezustand, wobei die Hülle mit Druckluft befüllt ist, und innenseitig der Hülle eine Stützschicht sowie außenseitig der Hülle eine zweite Stützschicht angeordnet ist,

Fig. 5b

das Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Fig. 5a, wobei die Hülle nach dem Aushärtenlassen der Stützschicht oder der mehreren Stützschichten mit Schaumbetonmasse befüllt ist,

Fig. 6

in einer vergrößerten Teilkreisdarstellung gemäß Teilkreis VI in Fig. 5a einen Abschnitt der Außenwandung der Hülle und der daran angeordneten Stützschicht, die beim Ausführungsbeispiel der Fig. 6 ein Gewebe, eine Trägerschicht und Zement umfasst,

Fig. 7

ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel einer Stützschicht einer erfindungsgemäßen Gebäudekonstruktion in einer Darstellung gemäß Fig. 6, wobei hier eine textile Armierung vorgesehen ist, die beidseitig von ausgehärterter Betonmasse eingefasst ist,

Fig. 8

ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel der erfindungsgemäßen Gebäudekonstruktion in einer Darstellung gemäß Fig. 3, wobei innenseitig der Hülle eine mit Druckluft befüllbare Stützhülle angeordnet ist,

Fig. 9

ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel einer erfindungsgemäßen Gebäudekonstruktion in einer vergrößerten Darstellung des Teilkreises IX in Fig. 3, wobei die Schaumbetonmasse mit phasenänderbaren Partikeln versetzt ist, und

Fig. 10

ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel einer Stützschicht einer erfindungsgemäßen Gebäudekonstruktion in einer Darstellung gemäß Fig. 7, wobei in der Textilbetonschicht phasenänderbare Partikel angeordnet sind.

In the figures show:

1

in a partially sectional schematic overview representation in the form of a block diagram, a container with cement paste, a container with foam, a mixing container, several delivery lines, a pump and a shell to be manufactured Building construction, which is being filled with a liquid foam concrete mass,

2

a schematic view of an exemplary embodiment of a building construction according to the invention of a tent-like building in a schematic simplified view, with a door opening being provided and the building construction being essentially dome-shaped,

3

the building construction 2 in a partially sectioned schematic view, approximately along the line III-III in 2 ,

4

the building construction 2 in a plan view, approximately along view arrow IV in 2 , to illustrate a multi-chambered envelope,

Figure 5a

the embodiment of the building structure according to the invention 3 in a pre-assembly state, with the shell being filled with compressed air and a supporting layer being arranged on the inside of the shell and a second supporting layer being arranged on the outside of the shell,

Figure 5b

the embodiment according to Figure 5a , wherein the shell is filled with foamed concrete mass after the supporting layer or the several supporting layers have been allowed to harden,

6

in an enlarged partial circle representation according to partial circle VI in Figure 5a a portion of the outer wall of the shell and the support layer arranged thereon, which in the embodiment of 6 comprises a fabric, a backing and cement,

7

a further exemplary embodiment of a support layer of a building structure according to the invention in a representation according to FIG 6 , where a textile reinforcement is provided here, which is bordered on both sides by hardened concrete mass,

8

another embodiment of the building structure according to the invention in a representation according to 3 , wherein a support sleeve that can be filled with compressed air is arranged on the inside of the sleeve,

9

a further embodiment of a building construction according to the invention in an enlarged representation of the partial circle IX in 3 , wherein the foamed concrete mass is mixed with phase changeable particles, and

10

a further exemplary embodiment of a support layer of a building structure according to the invention in a representation according to FIG 7 , wherein phase-changeable particles are arranged in the textile-reinforced concrete layer.

Exemplary embodiments of the invention are described by way of example in the following description of the figures, also with reference to the drawings. For the sake of clarity - even if different exemplary embodiments are concerned - the same or comparable parts or elements or areas are denoted by the same reference symbols, sometimes with the addition of lowercase letters.

Features that are only described in relation to one embodiment can also be provided in another embodiment of the invention within the scope of the invention, according to the claims. Such modified exemplary embodiments are included in the invention, even if they are not shown in the drawings.

The exemplary embodiments shown in the drawings designate the building structure according to the invention in its entirety with 10.

Such a building construction is, for example, in 2 and 3 shown: A substantially dome-shaped, tent-like structure can be seen there, which has a door 40 and, for example, can be continuously arched.

What is decisive for the invention is that a building structure 10 according to the invention has at least wall sections and ceiling sections which, overall, provide an interior space of a building, the wall sections and/or the ceiling sections being provided by at least one shell 11, which is filled with foamed concrete mass or can be filled .

The building construction according to the invention has at least one shell 11 which comprises an inner wall 12 and an outer wall 13 . The shell 11 provides an interior space 14 which can be filled with liquid foamed concrete mass 33 which hardens to form a hardened foamed concrete mass 15 within short curing times.

First, based on the Fig.1 only a schematic, block diagram-like explanation of how the foamed concrete mass is produced:
1 shows a first container 25, which is filled with cement paste 26. A conveying line or supply line 34a goes from the first container 25 to a third container 30.

1 FIG. 12 further shows a second container 27 which is filled with foam 28. FIG. The foam 28 can be provided, for example, with the aid of foaming agents. Also or alternatively, a foam-forming device 29 that is only indicated can be provided for forming the shape or contribute to the formation of foam. The second container 27 is also connected to the third container 30 via a conveying line 34b.

In the third container 30 there is an agitator 31 which stirs, mixes and homogenizes the mixture consisting of cement paste 26 and foam 28 . After stirring, the so provided liquid foamed concrete mass 33 is supplied to an inlet 36 of the shell 11 via delivery lines 34c and 34d with the aid of a pump 35 . An openable and closable valve 37 can open and close access to the shell 11, respectively. 1 shows a kind of snapshot in which the liquid foamed concrete mass 33 is just about to get into the interior 14 of the shell 11 .

3 shows that the shell 11 can be continuously curved. One recognizes in 3 an assembly state 16 of the building structure 10, in which the foamed concrete mass 15 has hardened.

It should be noted that the building structure 10 may have only a single skin 11 or, alternatively, like this 4 illustrated, over several chambers 38a, 38b, 38c. The multiple chambers can be separate from each other. Each chamber can be provided with its own port or valve 39a, 39b, 39c.

The following is based on the Figures 5a, 5b and 6 an embodiment of the invention will be described in which a support layer 17 in the form of a mat structure 18 is provided.

ID Figure 5a a building structure 10 can be seen which is in a pre-assembly state 49 .

Here the shell 11 is not yet filled with liquid foam concrete mass 33, but with air. The inlet 36 can also be used to fill the envelope 11 with air. After the envelope 11 has been filled with air, the valve 37 is closed. The building structure 10 located in the pre-assembly state 49 according to Figure 5a can thus retain its shape, at least for a certain period of time.

In the embodiment of Figure 5a a support layer 17 is provided on the inner wall 12 of the cover 11 and a further support layer 17 is provided on the outer wall 13 of the cover 11 . In other exemplary embodiments, such a supporting layer 17 is only provided on one of the two walls 12, 13.

In the embodiment of Figures 5a, 5b and 6 For example, the support layer 17 is provided by a mat structure 18 which is fixedly connected to the outer wall 13 of the cover 11. Points to this 6 Seam areas 45a, 45b.

The mat structure 18 includes evidencing 6 a carrier layer 21 on which a fabric 22 is arranged. The carrier layer 21 and fabric 22 can form a handling unit which is connected directly to the cover 11 during the manufacture of the cover 11 . For this purpose, either a seam connection 45a can be provided, which only connects the carrier layer 21 to the casing wall 13. Alternatively or additionally, a seam connection 45b can be provided, which connects the entire mat structure 18, ie also the fabric 22, to the outer wall 13 of the cover 11.

The carrier layer 21 can be provided by a foil made of any desired material. Fabric 22 is fastened to the carrier layer, which fabric is designed, for example, in the manner of gauze, as is known from bandage gauze material. Other materials that form a matrix of the tissue can also be considered. The fabric 22 is interspersed with cement or a cement mixture or a concrete mixture in powdered form. A boundary layer 51 of the mat structure 18 can also be present on the outside, which prevents cement particles from escaping to the outside.

If the shell 11 in accordance with a pre-assembly state 49 Figure 5a is transferred by inflating with air, spans with the shell 11 and at the same time also the support layer 42 fastened to the outer wall 13 of the shell 11 . For this purpose, the mat structure 18 can be connected to the outer wall 13 of the cover 11 in a punctiform or linear manner or in certain areas or over the entire surface.

If the pre-assembly state 49 of the building structure 10 according to Figure 5a is reached, the mat structure 18 can be wetted with water. Here, for example, an operator can wet the mat structure 18 with water using a water hose or an application device.

As a result, the mat structure 18 is completely soaked. The concrete hardens due to the chemical reaction with water. In this way, a hardened support layer 44a is obtained in the manner of a dimensionally stable shell.

If the compressed air is subsequently released from the interior space 14 of the envelope 11, the building structure 10 retains its pre-assembly state 49 as shown in FIG Figure 5a . This is independent of whether a corresponding supporting layer 17 with a hardened mat structure 18 is provided only on the outer wall 13 or only on the inner wall 12 or on both walls 12, 13.

After the supporting layer 17 has hardened, the interior of the shell 11 can be filled with liquid foamed concrete mass 33 . As soon as this has hardened (cf. Figure 5b ), the building construction is 10 of the Figure 5a in a final assembly state 16. Figure 5b shows a hardened outer support layer 44a and a hardened inner support layer 44b as well as a hardened foam concrete mass 15.

In contrast, shows Figure 5a the support layer 42 and the inner support layer 41 only in a pre-assembly state as support layers 43a and 43b.

By providing a support layer 17, the production of the building structure 10 can be simplified and guaranteed with high precision: The final three-dimensional shape of the housing structure 10 is already specified after the support layers 44a, 44b have hardened, so that the position of the shell 11 can be fixed before the filling of the Shell 11 with liquid foam concrete mass 33 is guaranteed. The supporting layer 17 or the hardened supporting layer 44a or 44b can also serve as a supporting structure for the shell 11 and the liquid foamed concrete mass 33 filled therein, so that until the foamed concrete mass 15 has hardened completely, the mechanical stability of the building structure 10 is ensured by the hardened supporting layers 44a, 44b is increased.

Even after the foamed concrete mass 15 has hardened, the hardened supporting layer 44a or 44b can contribute to increasing the overall load-bearing capacity of the building structure 10 .

The following is based on a further embodiment based on the Figures 5a, 5b and 7 another aspect of the invention explained: In the embodiment according to 7 the support layer 17 is provided by a composite structure which comprises a textile reinforcement 19 and, in turn, cement and concrete portions 20.

While in the embodiment of 6 the cement and concrete components 20 are arranged in a matrix of the fabric 22, in the embodiment of the 7 the support layer is made in a different way: The textile reinforcement 19 can - what in 7 is not shown - for example, with the shell 11, namely, with the Outer wall 13 of the shell 11 are connected, for example, also be sewn. Another form of fixing the position of the textile reinforcement 19 relative to the cover 11 is also covered by the invention.

The case 11 connected to the textile reinforcement 19 can now in turn, as in the exemplary embodiment of Figure 5a , to be filled with air. In addition to the cover 11, the textile reinforcement 19 also stretches out at the same time.

Alternatively, the shell 11 can also be filled directly with foamed concrete mass 33 . This also causes the cover 11 to expand and the textile reinforcement 19 to expand as well.

After the textile reinforcement has been stretched, a liquid concrete mass is applied to it. B. of a lattice structure formed textile reinforcement 19 penetrates or partially penetrates and two concrete mass layers 23a, 23b forms, which enclose the textile reinforcement 19 on both sides. After curing, a supporting layer 17 is provided on the one hand, which offers a high load-bearing capacity. On the other hand, the hardened concrete masses 23a, 23b permanently connect the reinforcement 19 to the outer wall 13 of the shell 11, or, in the case of internal attachment, to the inner wall 12 of the shell 11.

In this embodiment it can be provided that, as in the Figures 5a and 5b shown, first the shell 11 is filled with air, and then the supporting layer 17 is generated on the outer wall 13 and/or on the inner wall 12 by spraying with liquid concrete.

After the supporting layer 17 has hardened, the compressed air can be released from the interior 14 and the interior of the shell 11 can be filled with the concrete mass 33 .

In a variant of the invention, the support layer 17 according to 7 alternatively, it can also be provided that the interior 14 of the shell 11 is first filled with liquid foamed concrete compound 33, which is then allowed to harden, with the support layer 17 being created on the outer wall 13 and/or on the inner wall after the foamed concrete compound 15 has hardened 12 of the envelope 11 is carried out by applying liquid concrete mass to the textile reinforcement 19 . With this variant, the load-bearing capacity of the building structure can be increased, so to speak, retrospectively.

It should be noted that in a building structure 10 according to the invention having a support layer according to 7 has, ie a textile reinforcement 19, which is bordered by concrete masses, these concrete masses, which border the textile reinforcement 19, have far higher bulk densities than the previously mentioned foamed concrete mass.

In a further embodiment of the invention according to 8 Finally, it is provided that the building structure 10 has, in addition to a shell 11 that can be filled with foamed concrete mass 33, an additional support shell 24 that can be filled with air. For this purpose, a separate inlet 52 and a separate valve 53 can be provided in order to fill the supporting shell 24 of the building structure 10 with compressed air in a first step in order to already give the building structure 10 a predetermined spatial shape, and then, in a second step, the Interior 14 of the shell 11 to be filled with liquid foamed concrete mass 33 . 8 shows the foamed concrete mass 15 in the hardened state.

During the filling of the shell 11 with foamed concrete mass 33 or during the hardening of the liquid foamed concrete mass to form a hardened foamed concrete mass 15, the support shell 24 can have a assume a supporting function, and e.g. B. the shape of the building structure 10 secure or ensure.

The support sleeve 24 can be connected directly to the sleeve 11, or it can be designed to be detachable from it.

According to the invention, a further exemplary embodiment of the building construction according to the invention has an envelope 11 filled with foamed concrete mass 15 which, in addition to the foamed concrete 15, also includes phase-changeable particles.

Phase-changeable particles within the meaning of the present patent application are those substances or elements that can change their phase under the influence of temperature. For example, this can be waxy or made of wax particles that change their phase when a melting point is exceeded, ie z. B. change from a solid state to a liquid state. As a result, energy can be withdrawn from the environment on the one hand. On the other hand, the thermal conductivity or the heat capacity of the layer of the building structure enriched with these phase-changeable particles can change.

Phase changeable items are in 9 shown hatched as an example and are only partially denoted by reference numerals 48a, 48b, 48c, 48d.

Each phase changeable particle 48a, 48b, 48c, 48d comprises a shell, e.g. B. can be provided by a film, and an inner material. The inner material can be provided, for example, stearin, in particular high-purity stearin, ie wax or wax-like material. The cover can be provided by a plastic film, for example. According to the invention is also proposed to use an alginate for the shell structure of the phase changeable particles or to use a chitosan-containing material.

Due to the phase changeable materials z. B. the heat absorption can be increased.

In the embodiment of 9 are the phase changeable particles 48a, 48b, 48c, 48d directly in the hardened foam concrete mass.

In the exemplary embodiment, the phase-changeable articles are thus already supplied to the liquid foamed concrete mass 33 during its production.

In the alternative embodiment of 10 is a support layer 17 according to the embodiment of FIG 7 represents, wherein here additionally in the support layer 17 phase changeable particles 48a, 48b, 48c, 48d are accommodated.

Claims (7)

1. Building construction (10), comprising a shell (11) made of a flexible, e.g. textile, material, acting as a mould, which has an interior (14) filled with a foam concrete mass (15) in the assembled state, wherein the shell is provided with a support layer (17, 41, 42) on its inner wall (12) and/or on its outer wall (13), which strengthens the building construction in a preassembled state before the filling of the shell with the foam concrete mass and/or in a final assembled state after the filling of the shell with the foam concrete mass,
   characterised in that
   the support layer (17, 41, 42) comprises a mat structure (18) or a textile reinforcement (19) as well as cement or concrete.
2. Building construction according to claim 1, characterised in that the mat structure (18) comprises a backing layer (21) and a fabric (22) arranged on it.
3. Building construction according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterised in that the backing layer (21) or the textile reinforcement (19) is firmly connected with the shell (45a, 45b), at least in some regions.
4. Building construction according to claim 1, characterised in that the textile reinforcement (19) is surrounded by a concrete mass (23a, 23b) on both sides.
5. Method for creating a building construction (10), in particular a building construction according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 4, comprising the following steps:

   a) providing a shell (11) made of a flexible, e.g. textile, material,

   b) filling the shell (11) with air,

   c) wherein before or after step b), an at least partial provision of a support layer (17, 41, 42) on the outer wall (13) and/or on the inner wall (12) of the shell (11) occurs,

   d) wherein the support layer comprises a mat structure (18) or a textile reinforcement (19) as well as cement or concrete,

   e) allowing the support layer to harden,

   f) filling the shell with a foam concrete mass (33).
6. Method for creating a building construction (10), in particular a building construction according to one of the preceding claims, comprising the following steps:

   a) providing a shell (11) made of a flexible, e.g. textile, material,

   b) filling the shell (11) with a foam concrete mass (33),

   c) wherein before or after step b), an at least partial provision of a support layer (17, 41, 42) on the outer wall (13) and/or on the inner wall (12) of the shell (11) occurs,

   d) wherein the support layer comprises a mat structure (18) or a textile reinforcement (19) as well as cement or concrete.
7. Building construction according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that phase-changing material particles are arranged in the support layer and/or in the foam concrete mass, i.e. with a temperature change, their physical state and/or their phase can change.

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