EP3645188B1 - Method for producing a bent part and bending machine for performing the method - Google Patents

Method for producing a bent part and bending machine for performing the method Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3645188B1
EP3645188B1 EP18733542.7A EP18733542A EP3645188B1 EP 3645188 B1 EP3645188 B1 EP 3645188B1 EP 18733542 A EP18733542 A EP 18733542A EP 3645188 B1 EP3645188 B1 EP 3645188B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
bending
axis
cutting
drive
bending head
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EP18733542.7A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3645188A1 (en
Inventor
Jörg Möck
Frank Weiblen
Harry Schweikardt
Ralf Schneider
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Wafios AG
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Wafios AG
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Publication of EP3645188A1 publication Critical patent/EP3645188A1/en
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21FWORKING OR PROCESSING OF METAL WIRE
    • B21F11/00Cutting wire
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21DWORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D7/00Bending rods, profiles, or tubes
    • B21D7/02Bending rods, profiles, or tubes over a stationary forming member; by use of a swinging forming member or abutment
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21DWORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D7/00Bending rods, profiles, or tubes
    • B21D7/16Auxiliary equipment, e.g. for heating or cooling of bends
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21FWORKING OR PROCESSING OF METAL WIRE
    • B21F1/00Bending wire other than coiling; Straightening wire
    • B21F1/006Bending wire other than coiling; Straightening wire in 3D with means to rotate the tools about the wire axis

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing a bent part according to the preamble of claim 1 and to a bending machine set up to carry out the method according to the preamble of claim 2.
  • the preferred field of application is the bending of wire or tubes (see e.g. FR 2 749 199 ).
  • the movements of the machine axes of a bending machine are controlled in a coordinated manner with the help of a control device in order to work on the workpiece, for example a wire, a pipe, a line or a rod made of round, flat or profiled material, to produce one or more permanent bends by plastic deformation.
  • a control device for example a wire, a pipe, a line or a rod made of round, flat or profiled material, to produce one or more permanent bends by plastic deformation.
  • the workpiece is deformed with the help of a bending machine that has a bending head that has a rotatable bending tool for engaging a section of the workpiece that is to be bent, whose orientation in relation to a section that is not to be bent is to be permanently changed by the bending operation by means of plastic deformation.
  • a tool which is stationary during the bending operation and which is often referred to as a bending mandrel can also be provided on the bending head.
  • the rotatable bending tool can be rotated about a bending axis with the aid of a bending drive controlled by a control device.
  • the bending axis is the axis of rotation of the rotatable bending tool of the bending head.
  • the bending plane runs perpendicular to the bending axis.
  • the bending operation creates a flat bend on the workpiece parallel to the bending plane.
  • the rotatable bending tool can, for example, have a bending pin which, for bending, is placed on one side of the section to be bent at a position at a distance from the bending axis. Bending pins are used, for example, for wire bending.
  • a workpiece section to be provided with a bend is first brought into an initial position in the area of engagement of the bending head.
  • a workpiece section of suitable length from a longer workpiece supply can be moved or fed into the starting position parallel to a feed direction by means of a feed operation. This procedure is common for wire bending and can also be used when bending thinner tubes.
  • the rotatable bending tool is brought into contact with the portion to be bent.
  • this can be done, for example, by placing a bending pin on one side of the section to be bent.
  • the outer contour of a bending mandrel can stabilize the inner contour of the bend and precisely specify its radius. A bending operation without a bending form is also possible.
  • the bending head is usually first moved from its bending position (working position in which a bending operation can be carried out) to a transfer position by means of a retraction movement parallel to a bending head axis Brought into engagement with the workpiece.
  • the workpiece can then be rotated around the feed axis, e.g. to change the bending plane, before the bending head is brought back into engagement with the workpiece by a feed movement parallel to the bending head axis from the transfer position.
  • a temporary retraction of the bending head into the transfer position is usually also provided if the bending direction is to be reversed (change from left bending to right bending or vice versa) in order to be able to turn the bending pin on the opposite side of the workpiece before the bending head is moved back into the working position (bending position) to begin the next bending process.
  • the machine axis that causes the feed movements or retraction movements parallel to the bending head axis is referred to in this application as the Z axis.
  • the associated drive which is controlled via the control device, is referred to as the Z-drive.
  • the bending head axis, and thus the direction of movement of the bending head's movements caused by the Z-drive, generally run perpendicular to the direction in which the fed, not yet bent workpiece is oriented, i.e. perpendicular to the feed direction.
  • the finished bent bent part is cut from the workpiece by means of a cutting device in a cutting operation supplied workpiece material separated.
  • the cutting devices of the conventional bending machines considered here are devices which are separate from the bending head and which have the tools (cutting tools) required for cutting through the workpiece and provided for gripping the workpiece.
  • a cutting device usually has two cutting tools which are movable relative to one another in order to carry out a cutting operation. At least one of the cutting tools is mounted on a movable component of the cutting device, and the other cutting tool that works together with it can be fixed to the machine or can also be movably arranged.
  • the cutting device can have a first knife that is fixed to the machine and a second knife that is movable relative thereto, the knives shearing or severing the bent part from the supplied material in a kind of shearing movement during the cutting operation. Since none of the cutting tools is attached to the bending head, there are degrees of freedom with regard to the structural design and arrangement of the cutting device.
  • Such conventional bending machines have a separate machine axis and an associated drive which is activated by the control device when the cutting operation is to be carried out.
  • the drive can work electrically or pneumatically or hydraulically. At least one movable component of the cutting direction is moved via this drive.
  • the invention provides a method with the features of claim 1 and a bending machine with the features of claim 2.
  • Advantageous further developments are given in the dependent claims. The wording of all claims is incorporated into the content of the description by reference.
  • the method can be carried out automatically using a bending machine.
  • the elongated workpiece or a section thereof is fed to a bending unit of the bending machine.
  • the workpiece is preferably withdrawn from a supply of material by means of a feed device and fed to the bending unit of the bending machine.
  • the bending unit has a bending head that can perform several different work movements.
  • the bending head driven by a Z-drive, can be moved linearly parallel to a bending head axis.
  • the bending head has a bending tool which can be rotated around the bending axis with the aid of a bending drive.
  • the bending axis usually coincides with the bending head axis, so that the bending tool is rotated around the bending head axis (centric bending).
  • the bending axis can also be a bending axis that can be positioned or positioned offset parallel to the bending head axis, so that eccentric bending is possible.
  • the fed section of the workpiece is formed into a two- or three-dimensional bent part with the aid of working movements of the bending head. Every single bending operation caused by the rotation of the bending tool creates a flat bend.
  • a bend can be produced in a different plane, so that a three-dimensionally bent part can be produced.
  • the cutting device is a device that is separate from the bending head and has the tools (cutting tool) required for cutting through the workpiece and provided for gripping the workpiece.
  • a cutting device may have two cutting tools which are movable relative to one another in order to perform a cutting operation. At least one of the cutting tools is mounted on a movable component of the cutting device.
  • the other cutting tool that works with it can be mounted fixed to the machine or can also be arranged to be movable. Since none of the cutting tools is attached to the bending head in the case of a cutting device which is separate from the bending head, there are degrees of freedom with regard to the structural design and arrangement of the cutting device in relation to the bending head.
  • the transmission device the cutting forces that can be achieved by the cutting device can be optimized.
  • a special feature of the claimed method is that a working movement of the bending head parallel to the bending head axis causes the cutting operation by means of a transmission device or actuates the cutting device by means of a transmission device.
  • the Z-drive of the bending head is used as a drive for a movable component of the cutting device used to perform the cutting operation.
  • an aspect of the invention can also be formulated in such a way that the cutting device is actuated by a working movement of the bending head or one of its components which goes beyond the usual working movement. This actuation is not effected directly, but with the aid of a transmission device, i.e. indirectly or indirectly.
  • this concept can be implemented in a bending machine in such a way that a movable component of the cutting device, which is separate from the bending head, is coupled by means of a transmission device to a drive of the bending head for the transmission of forces and torques, so that the cutting device via this drive by means of the transmission device or can be actuated mediated via the transmission device.
  • the coupled drive is preferably the Z-drive, which is responsible for the movement of the bending head parallel to the bending head axis.
  • the sterndrive used thereby has a double function.
  • the bending drive could be coupled to the cutting device via a transmission device.
  • the cutting device can thus in principle also be coupled to the bending drive (i.e. the drive of the rotatable bending tool) for the transmission of forces and moments in order to carry out the cutting operation.
  • a working movement of the bending head or one of its components actuates the cutting device by means of a transmission device.
  • the working movement is a working movement of the entire bending head (parallel to the bending head axis).
  • a separate drive for the cutting device can be dispensed with, so that the cutting device does not need a drive that can be controlled separately by the control device.
  • a separate, dedicated drive for the cutting device such a bending machine can be manufactured significantly more cost-effectively than conventional bending machines with a separate drive for the cutting device.
  • installation space can be saved, as a result of which an overall more compact arrangement can be realized.
  • the invention is particularly simple and robust because the cutting device is actuated exclusively by a working movement of the bending head parallel to the bending head axis, so that only the Z-drive has a double function.
  • the movable component of the cutting device that can be moved with the aid of the drive of the bending head has a lever that can be rotated about a lever axis.
  • This lever can also be referred to as a cutting lever.
  • the lever can serve as a carrier for a movable knife of the cutting device.
  • the lever can be designed as a two-armed lever with lever arms of different lengths. The lever ratios are preferably selected so that a relatively large working stroke of the drive coupled therewith (e.g. the drive of the bending head) causes a relatively smaller movement of the knife of the cutting device carried by the movable component.
  • the coupled machine axis of the bending head is less stressed by the cutting forces occurring during the cutting operation than with a direct coupling without translation, which is also possible.
  • high cutting forces can be generated.
  • the transmission device can, for example, have intermeshing gears or other machine elements suitable for constructing a mechanical transmission device.
  • the transmission device is preferably designed such that a linear movement of the bending head over a first stroke section parallel to the bending head axis between a bending position and a transfer position does not cause any movement of the movable component of the cutting device coupled to the Z drive. It can thereby be achieved that the cutting device is practically decoupled from the Z-drive during the usual bending operation.
  • "Normal bending operation” refers to those working movements of the bending head that usually take place between successive bends when bending the workpiece and when moving the bending head or the bending tool.
  • Multi-stage tools are also conceivable, in which e.g. bending mandrels and / or bending pins have several levels with different radii and can be brought onto or into the working plane using the Z-axis. These changes in bending level should also be able to be carried out in a way that is neutral in terms of cutting movements.
  • the transmission device has a control curve which converts a uniform movement of the bending head parallel to the bending head axis into a non-uniform movement of the movable component of the cutting device coupled to the Z drive.
  • the control cam has a first cam section which is oriented in such a way that a linear movement of the bending head parallel to the bending head axis over a first stroke section between the bending position and the transfer position does not cause any movement of the movable head coupled to the Z-drive Component of the cutting device and that the first curve section is followed by a second curve section, which is oriented obliquely to the first curve section in such a way that a further linear movement of the bending head parallel to the bending head axis beyond the transfer position also results in a movement of the movable head coupled to the Z-drive Component of the cutter caused.
  • the advantageous kinematics can be implemented in that an angular groove is formed on a carriage of the bending head that is movable parallel to the bending head axis, which the Forms control cam, and that a cam roller is attached to a lever arm of the lever, which engages in the groove.
  • a reverse arrangement with the groove in the lever and a cam roller on a slide of the bending head is also possible.
  • FIG. 1 shows an oblique perspective front view of the single-head bending machine.
  • FIG. 2 shows a plan view of a section of the bending machine from FIG Fig. 1 in the direction parallel to the bending head axis of your bending head.
  • the bending machine 100 is designed as a wire bending machine to provide a section of an elongated workpiece 110 in the form of a wire with a preferably round cross-section with one or more bends in one or more bending planes by cold forming. Wires with a flat or profiled cross-section can also be bent.
  • the bending machine 100 has a right-angled machine coordinate system MK marked with lowercase letters x, y and z with a vertical z-axis and horizontal x- and y-axes.
  • the x-axis runs parallel to the workpiece axis 112 of the not yet bent workpiece. From the coordinate axes A distinction must be made between the controlled driven machine axes, which are each designated with capital letters (e.g. A, C, Z etc.).
  • All drives for the machine axes are electrically connected to a control device (not shown) which contains, among other things, the power supply for the drives, a central computer unit and storage units. With the help of the control software active in the control device, the movements of all machine axes are variably controlled in order to generate a coordinated movement of the elements involved in the bending process.
  • a display and operating unit 130 connected to the control device serves as an interface to the machine operator.
  • an initially straight workpiece section is brought into an initial position in the area of engagement of the bending head 180.
  • a longer work piece supply (coil) is used here. This is the case in the illustrated embodiment.
  • the bending machine has an in Fig. 1 Invisible feed device equipped with feed rollers, which can draw in or feed successive wire sections of a wire with a numerically controlled feed rate profile coming from a wire supply and possibly guided by an optional straightening unit in the horizontal direction (parallel to the x-direction) into the area of the bending head 180 .
  • the wire is passed through a tubular wire guide on the exit side and exits in the horizontal feed direction.
  • the feed (the pull-in movement) is stopped when the wire reaches an initial position.
  • the linear machine axis for the feed is called the C-axis, it has a motor, not shown.
  • the wire emerges from the front end of the wire guide when it is fed, then runs through the area of a cutting device 150, which will be explained later, into the engagement area of the bending head 180.
  • the cutting device 150 is arranged between the feed device and the bending head.
  • a rotation of the workpiece around the workpiece longitudinal axis is generated via the rotary drive of the A-axis.
  • the intake device as a whole can be rotated together with the straightening unit about an axis parallel to the x-axis.
  • the bending head 180 has an inner tool part 182 which is stationary during the bending process and which can be seen in plan view (cf. Fig. 2 ) has a cylindrical outer contour.
  • This tool part carries several exchangeable bending mandrels of different diameters on its upper side, one of which (e.g. bending mandrel 183) can be brought into a working position near the workpiece axis in order to serve as an inner support for the workpiece section during the bending process.
  • the outer diameter of the bending mandrel 183 used defines the bending radius of the bend to be produced, that is to say the radius of curvature of the bend.
  • a separate output 187 (servomotor and gear) is provided for rotating the inner tool part 182 about the bending head axis 185 to switch between different bending mandrels.
  • the corresponding machine axis is also referred to as the mandrel axis.
  • the bending head 180 has a bending tool 184 which is rotatable with respect to the inner tool part and which is provided for laterally engaging a section of the workpiece material that is to be bent over.
  • the bending tool 184 has a bending pin 186 on its upper side and can be rotated around a bending axis by means of a bending drive 189 (servo motor and gear) controlled by the control device, which axis here coincides with the bending head axis 185.
  • the orientation of the bending axis defines the orientation of the bending plane, which is orthogonal to the bending axis and contains the workpiece axis 112.
  • the bending unit with the bending head 180 can be pivoted as a whole about an axis running parallel to the x-axis, so that the bending axis 185 can optionally be aligned vertically (parallel to the z-direction) or at an angle to it in an inclined position.
  • a manual or motorized swivel device is also possible.
  • the bending unit is pivoted as a whole, i.e. including the bending axis and the Z-axis.
  • the tool elements of the bending head are mounted in a solid carrier 193 which, in the case of pivotable variants, can be guided in circular arc-shaped guides on the front wall of the machine base 102.
  • a metal table top 192 of a support table 190 is mounted on the upper side of the carrier, the flat upper side of which lies slightly below the level of the workpiece axis 112 in every position of the bending head.
  • the support table serves as a support for the sections of a bent part protruding beyond the bending head and as a slide via which the finished bent parts can slide laterally into a collecting container after being separated from the material supply.
  • FIG. 2 shows a plan view of a section of the bending machine Fig. 1 in the direction parallel to the bending head axis 185 of the bending head 180.
  • the cutting device 150 which is located between the (in Fig. 2 not shown) feed device for the workpiece and the bending head 180 is arranged.
  • the Figures 3 to 5 show views of the bending machine in the area of the bending head 180 and the cutting device 150 in a direction parallel to the x-axis of the machine coordinate system or parallel to the feed direction of the workpiece to be bent.
  • the cutting device 150 is a device which is separate from the bending head 180 and which has the tools (cutting tools) required for severing the workpiece.
  • the cutting tools are those components of the cutting device which are provided for direct contact with the workpiece or for engaging the workpiece. No cutting device tools are attached to the bending head.
  • Fig. 3 shows the components of the bending machine in a first position, which is also referred to as the bending position.
  • the bending head 180 In this first position, the bending head 180 is in its end position closest to the workpiece, in which the bending pin 186 of the bending tool is inserted into the workpiece plane in such a way that a rotation of the bending tool can cause the workpiece to bend.
  • the cutting device 150 is in an open position without cutting engagement on the workpiece. In the open position, workpiece material can be fed in in the feed direction (parallel to the x-axis or to the workpiece longitudinal axis 112).
  • Fig. 4 shows the same components in a second position, which is also referred to here as the transfer position.
  • the bending head 180 is in a slightly retracted position compared to the bending position (e.g. by approx. 10 mm to approx. 20 mm, depending on the wire diameter, possibly more or less) Attack on the workpiece enables.
  • the cutting device is still in an open position.
  • FIG. 3 shows a configuration or position in which the bending head 180 is in its lower position, which is most withdrawn from the workpiece.
  • the bending head 180 or its components are mounted on a linearly displaceable slide 200, which is also referred to as a bending slide.
  • the direction of travel of the slide runs perpendicular to the feed direction of the wire, i.e. perpendicular to the x-direction of the machine coordinate system.
  • the orientation of the bending carriage defines the orientation of the bending head axis 185 in relation to the feed direction of the workpiece.
  • the bending head as a whole can be moved linearly parallel to the bending head axis 185.
  • the numerically controlled machine axis that causes this linear movement of the bending head parallel to the bending head axis is referred to here as the Z-axis.
  • the associated drive which is referred to here as a Z-drive, comprises a crank drive 210, which can be rotated about an axis of rotation running parallel to the x-axis.
  • the slide 200 is coupled to the crank mechanism 210 of the Z-drive via a transmission rod 220.
  • a plate-shaped section 205 is attached on the side of the lever 160, in which an angular groove or groove curve 165 is incorporated.
  • the groove also referred to as a control groove, can be divided into a first section 165-1 aligned parallel to the bending head axis 185 and a second section 165-2 which is inclined with respect to the first section or the bending head axis.
  • the first section and the second section are each essentially straight and enclose an acute angle of approximately 20 ° to 40 ° to one another.
  • the second section 165-2 is more than twice as long as the first section 165-1.
  • the cutting device 150 is constructed in such a way that a finished bent part can be severed from the supplied workpiece section in a cutting operation in the manner of a shear cut.
  • a first knife 152 of the cutting device 150 is fixed to the machine with the aid of an adjustable knife carrier, that is to say fixedly mounted in relation to the machine base of the bending machine.
  • the first knife 152 cooperates with a second knife 154, which is adjustably mounted on a movable component 160 of the cutting device.
  • the interchangeable knives 152, 154 are the cutting tools of the cutting device 150.
  • the cutting gap 155 which defines the parting plane, is located between the knives.
  • the shear cut is carried out when the second knife 154 moves with respect to the first knife 152 essentially parallel to the xy plane, approximately in the y direction (on an arc of a circle).
  • the movable component 160 which carries the second knife 154, is a lever 160 (also called cutting lever 160) which is mounted pivotably about a machine-fixed axis of rotation 162 running parallel to the x-direction.
  • the support structure for the second knife 154 is located in the vicinity of the axis of rotation 162 on the upper side of the lever 160.
  • a longer, angled lever arm 164 protrudes downward, essentially parallel to or at an acute angle to the bending head axis 185.
  • a cam roller 230 is rotatably mounted on the end section of the lever 160 which faces away from the axis of rotation 162. The cam roller 230 is guided in the angled groove 165 (groove cam, control groove) on the bending slide.
  • the cam roller 230 attached to the lever 160 and the angular groove 165 on the bending slide 200 are essential components of a fully mechanical transmission device 250, which is a movable component of the cutting device 150, namely the lever 160 with the second knife 154 attached to it, with the Z-drive of the bending head 180 for the transmission of forces and moments is coupled in such a way that the cutting device 150 can only be actuated via the Z-drive.
  • the cutting device 150 and the bending head 180 are thus actuated by one and the same drive (the Z-drive), so that a separate drive for the cutting device is not required.
  • the base part of the cutting device 150 namely a so-called cutting support, connects the cutting device 150 to the machine body of the bending machine and carries the axis of rotation 162 for the lever (cutting lever) 160 as well as the machine-mounted first knife 152.
  • the lever (cutting lever) 160 is rotatable on the Cut carrier deposited.
  • the lever 160 is articulated via the cam roller 230 attached to the free end of the lever.
  • the cam roller 230 runs in an angular groove curve 165.
  • the groove curve 165 is attached to the slide 200 (bending slide) and moves up and down with the slide 160 parallel to the bending head axis 185 . This is the working movement of the Z-axis of the drive system of the bending machine.
  • the groove cam 165 has a straight first section 165-1 running parallel to the Z-axis movement and a second section 165-2 running at an angle to the Z-axis movement.
  • the two straight portions or sections of the groove curve are connected via a curve part that runs according to a law of motion.
  • the Z-axis moves the bending head 180 up and down parallel to the bending head axis 185.
  • the Z-axis is driven with a crank, as shown in the drawings, or with a ball screw spindle.
  • the Z-axis can also be driven with any other suitable solution for linear drives.
  • the first position shown is the bending head 180 with respect to the Z-axis in a bending position.
  • the lever 160 (cutting lever) is in the open position for the wire to pass through (see detail 3A).
  • the cutting operation can be initiated.
  • the bending head is moved back to the most retracted position (cutting position) by means of the Z-drive.
  • Fig. 5 shows a situation in which the bending head is in the third position with respect to the Z-axis for cutting the workpiece.
  • the cam roller 230 moves over the transition section between the first section 165-1 and the second section 165-2 into the second section 165-2 and then along the second section.
  • the lever 160 is pivoted further and further outwards during the retraction movement, so that the second knife 154 is displaced relative to the first knife 152 in a cutting movement and the wire is sheared.
  • the cutting lever is in the in Fig. 5 is the maximum deflected position shown, the cutting process is complete.
  • the bending head In order to produce another bending part, the bending head must be moved upwards again by means of the Z-axis, at least to the transfer position, so that the movable knife releases the opening of the fixed knife again.
  • the bending head 180 for relocating the bending tool can be moved up and down with respect to its Z-axis without the lever 160 (cutting lever) moving.
  • the bending part can be bent while the bending head moves in this area.
  • the bending head moves further downwards beyond the transfer position until the workpiece (the wire) is cut.
  • the bending part can then fall out of the bending machine.
  • the falling out of the bending part is favored by the lower position of the bending head 180, i.e. by the very far retracted position of the bending head, because the probability that the bending part will get stuck on the bending head is considerably reduced as a result.
  • the invention thus makes it possible to save a complete machine axis or a complete machine drive for the cutting device. At the same time, the Z-axis can still be moved to move the tool without the cutting lever moving over the coupling.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Bending Of Plates, Rods, And Pipes (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Biegeteils gemäß dem Oberbegriff von Anspruch 1 sowie auf eine zur Durchführung des Verfahrens eingerichtete Biegemaschine gemäß dem Oberbegriff von Anspruch 2. Bevorzugtes Anwendungsgebiet ist das Biegen von Draht oder Rohren (siehe z.B. die FR 2 749 199 ).The invention relates to a method for producing a bent part according to the preamble of claim 1 and to a bending machine set up to carry out the method according to the preamble of claim 2. The preferred field of application is the bending of wire or tubes (see e.g. FR 2 749 199 ).

Bei der automatisierten Herstellung von zwei- oder dreidimensional gebogenen Biegeteilen mit Hilfe numerisch gesteuerter Biegemaschinen werden die Bewegungen von Maschinenachsen einer Biegemaschine mit Hilfe einer Steuereinrichtung koordiniert angesteuert, um an dem Werkstück, beispielsweise einem Draht, einem Rohr, einer Leitung oder einem Stab aus rundem, flachen oder profilierten Material, durch plastisches Umformen eine oder mehrere bleibende Biegungen zu erzeugen.In the automated production of two- or three-dimensional bent parts with the help of numerically controlled bending machines, the movements of the machine axes of a bending machine are controlled in a coordinated manner with the help of a control device in order to work on the workpiece, for example a wire, a pipe, a line or a rod made of round, flat or profiled material, to produce one or more permanent bends by plastic deformation.

In einem automatisierten Biegeprozess wird das Werkstück mit Hilfe einer Biegemaschine umgeformt, die einen Biegekopf aufweist, der ein drehbares Biegewerkzeug zum Angreifen an einem umzubiegenden Abschnitt des Werkstücks aufweist, dessen Orientierung gegenüber einem nicht umzubiegenden Abschnitt durch die Biegeoperation mittels plastischer Verformung bleibend verändert werden soll. Am Biegekopf kann auch ein während der Biegeoperation feststehendes Werkzeug vorgesehen sein, das häufig als Biegedorn bezeichnet wird.In an automated bending process, the workpiece is deformed with the help of a bending machine that has a bending head that has a rotatable bending tool for engaging a section of the workpiece that is to be bent, whose orientation in relation to a section that is not to be bent is to be permanently changed by the bending operation by means of plastic deformation. A tool which is stationary during the bending operation and which is often referred to as a bending mandrel can also be provided on the bending head.

Das drehbare Biegewerkzeug ist mithilfe eines durch eine Steuereinrichtung gesteuerten Biegeantriebs um eine Biegeachse drehbar. Die Biegeachse ist die Drehachse des drehbaren Biegewerkzeugs des Biegekopfs. Senkrecht zur Biegeachse verläuft die Biegeebene. Die Biegeoperation erzeugt am Werkstück eine ebene Biegung parallel zur Biegeebene. Das drehbare Biegewerkzeug kann beispielsweise einen Biegestift aufweisen, der zum Biegen an einer Position mit Abstand von der Biegeachse einseitig an den umzubiegenden Abschnitt angelegt wird. Biegestifte kommen z.B. beim Drahtbiegen zum Einsatz.The rotatable bending tool can be rotated about a bending axis with the aid of a bending drive controlled by a control device. The bending axis is the axis of rotation of the rotatable bending tool of the bending head. The bending plane runs perpendicular to the bending axis. The bending operation creates a flat bend on the workpiece parallel to the bending plane. The rotatable bending tool can, for example, have a bending pin which, for bending, is placed on one side of the section to be bent at a position at a distance from the bending axis. Bending pins are used, for example, for wire bending.

Beim Biegeprozess wird zunächst ein mit einer Biegung zu versehender Werkstückabschnitt in eine Ausgangsstellung im Eingriffsbereich des Biegekopfs gebracht. Dazu kann von einem längeren Werkstückvorrat einen Werkstückabschnitt geeigneter Länge durch eine Zufuhroperation parallel zu einer Zufuhrrichtung in die Ausgangsstellung bewegt bzw. zugeführt werden Diese Vorgehensweise ist beim Drahtbiegen üblich und kann auch beim Biegen dünnerer Rohre vorgesehen sein.During the bending process, a workpiece section to be provided with a bend is first brought into an initial position in the area of engagement of the bending head. For this purpose, a workpiece section of suitable length from a longer workpiece supply can be moved or fed into the starting position parallel to a feed direction by means of a feed operation This procedure is common for wire bending and can also be used when bending thinner tubes.

Danach wird das drehbare Biegewerkzeug in Kontakt mit dem umzubiegenden Abschnitt gebracht. Das kann je nach Konstruktion der Maschine z.B. durch einseitiges Anlegen eines Biegestifts an den umzubiegenden Abschnitt geschehen. Die Außenkontur eines Biegedorns kann dabei die Innenkontur der Biegung stabilisieren und deren Radius genau vorgeben. Eine Biegeoperation ohne Biegeform ist auch möglich.Thereafter, the rotatable bending tool is brought into contact with the portion to be bent. Depending on the design of the machine, this can be done, for example, by placing a bending pin on one side of the section to be bent. The outer contour of a bending mandrel can stabilize the inner contour of the bend and precisely specify its radius. A bending operation without a bending form is also possible.

Danach wird in einer Biegeoperation durch Drehen des drehbaren Biegewerkzeugs um die Biegeachse eine Biegung zwischen dem nicht umzubiegenden Abschnitt des Werkstückabschnitts und dem umzubiegenden Abschnitt erzeugt. Nach dem Biegevorgang spannen der nicht umgebogene und der umgebogene Abschnitt eine Ebene auf, in der auch die erzeugte Biegung liegt (ebene Biegung).Thereafter, in a bending operation, by rotating the rotatable bending tool about the bending axis, a bend is produced between the section of the workpiece section that is not to be bent and the section to be bent. After the bending process, the non-bent and the bent section span a plane in which the created bend also lies (flat bend).

Soll eine weitere Biegung am Werkstück in derselben Biegeebene oder einer anderen Biegeebene erzeugt werden, wird der Biegekopf in der Regel zunächst durch eine Rückzugsbewegung parallel zu einer Biegekopfachse von seiner Biegestellung (Arbeitsstellung, in der eine Biegeoperation durchgeführt werden kann) in eine Umsetz-Stellung außer Eingriff mit dem Werkstück gebracht. Danach kann das Werkstück z.B. zum Wechsel der Biegeebene um die Zufuhrachse gedreht werden, bevor der Biegekopf durch eine Vorschubbewegung parallel zur Biegekopfachse von der Umsetz-Stellung wieder die Biegestellung in Eingriff mit dem Werkstück gebracht wird. Ein zeitweiser Rückzug des Biegekops in die Umsetz-Stellung ist in der Regel auch dann vorgesehen, wenn die Biegerichtung umgekehrt werden soll (Wechsel von Linksbiegen auf Rechtsbiegen oder umgekehrt), um den Biegestift auf die gegenüberliegende Seite des Werkstücks drehen zu können, bevor der Biegekopf wieder in die Arbeitsstellung (Biegestellung) vorgefahren wird, um den nächsten Biegevorgang zu beginnen.If another bend is to be produced on the workpiece in the same bending plane or another bending plane, the bending head is usually first moved from its bending position (working position in which a bending operation can be carried out) to a transfer position by means of a retraction movement parallel to a bending head axis Brought into engagement with the workpiece. The workpiece can then be rotated around the feed axis, e.g. to change the bending plane, before the bending head is brought back into engagement with the workpiece by a feed movement parallel to the bending head axis from the transfer position. A temporary retraction of the bending head into the transfer position is usually also provided if the bending direction is to be reversed (change from left bending to right bending or vice versa) in order to be able to turn the bending pin on the opposite side of the workpiece before the bending head is moved back into the working position (bending position) to begin the next bending process.

Diejenige Maschinenachse, die die Vorschubbewegungen bzw. Rückzugsbewegungen parallel zur Biegekopfachse bewirkt, wird in dieser Anmeldung als Z-Achse bezeichnet. Der zugehörige Antrieb, der über die Steuereinrichtung gesteuert wird, wird als Z-Antrieb bezeichnet. Die Biegekopfachse, und damit die Bewegungsrichtung der mittels des Z-Antriebs verursachten Bewegungen des Biegekopfs, verlaufen in der Regel senkrecht zu der Richtung, in der das zugeführte, noch nicht gebogene Werkstück orientiert ist, also senkrecht zur Zufuhrrichtung.The machine axis that causes the feed movements or retraction movements parallel to the bending head axis is referred to in this application as the Z axis. The associated drive, which is controlled via the control device, is referred to as the Z-drive. The bending head axis, and thus the direction of movement of the bending head's movements caused by the Z-drive, generally run perpendicular to the direction in which the fed, not yet bent workpiece is oriented, i.e. perpendicular to the feed direction.

Sind alle für das Biegeteil vorgesehenen Biegungen am Werkstück erzeugt worden, wird das fertig gebogene Biegeteil mittels einer Schneideinrichtung in einer Schnittoperation vom zugeführten Werkstückmaterial abgetrennt. Die Schneideinrichtungen der hier betrachteten konventionellen Biegemaschinen sind vom Biegekopf gesonderte Einrichtungen, die die zum Durchtrennen des Werkstücks erforderlichen, zum Angreifen an dem Werkstück vorgesehenen Werkzeuge (Schneidwerkzeug) aufweisen. Eine Schneideinrichtung hat in der Regel zwei Schneidwerkzeuge, die relativ zueinander beweglich sind, um eine Schnittoperation auszuführen. Wenigstens eines der Schneidwerkzeuge ist an einer beweglichen Komponente der Schneideinrichtung montiert, das damit zusammenarbeitende andere Schneidwerkzeug kann maschinenfest montiert oder ebenfalls beweglich angeordnet sein. Beispielsweise kann die Schneideinrichtung ein maschinenfest montiertes erstes Messer und ein relativ dazu bewegliches zweites Messer aufweisen, wobei die Messer bei der Schneidoperation in einer Art Scherbewegung das Biegeteil vom zugeführten Material abscheren bzw. abtrennen. Da keines der Schneidwerkzeuge am Biegekopf angebracht ist, ergeben sich Freiheitsgrade in Bezug auf konstruktive Auslegung und Anordnung der Schneideinrichtung. Zum Ausführen der Schnittoperation haben solche konventionellen Biegemaschinen eine gesonderte Maschinenachse und einen dazugehörigen Antrieb, der von der Steuereinrichtung aktiviert wird, wenn die Schnittoperation ausgeführt werden soll. Der Antrieb kann elektrisch oder auch pneumatisch oder auch hydraulisch arbeiten. Über diesen Antrieb wird mindestens eine bewegliche Komponente der Schneideirichtung bewegt.Once all of the bends provided for the bent part have been produced on the workpiece, the finished bent bent part is cut from the workpiece by means of a cutting device in a cutting operation supplied workpiece material separated. The cutting devices of the conventional bending machines considered here are devices which are separate from the bending head and which have the tools (cutting tools) required for cutting through the workpiece and provided for gripping the workpiece. A cutting device usually has two cutting tools which are movable relative to one another in order to carry out a cutting operation. At least one of the cutting tools is mounted on a movable component of the cutting device, and the other cutting tool that works together with it can be fixed to the machine or can also be movably arranged. For example, the cutting device can have a first knife that is fixed to the machine and a second knife that is movable relative thereto, the knives shearing or severing the bent part from the supplied material in a kind of shearing movement during the cutting operation. Since none of the cutting tools is attached to the bending head, there are degrees of freedom with regard to the structural design and arrangement of the cutting device. To carry out the cutting operation, such conventional bending machines have a separate machine axis and an associated drive which is activated by the control device when the cutting operation is to be carried out. The drive can work electrically or pneumatically or hydraulically. At least one movable component of the cutting direction is moved via this drive.

AUFGABE UND LÖSUNGTASK AND SOLUTION

Es ist eine Aufgabe der Erfindung, ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Biegeteils aus einem langgestreckten Werkstückmaterial, insbesondere aus einem Draht oder einem Rohr aus rundem, flachen oder profiliertem Werkstückmaterial, bereitzustellen, das konstruktiv kostengünstig und funktionssicher realisiert werden kann. Es ist eine weitere Aufgabe, eine zur Durchführung des Verfahrens geeignete Biegemaschine bereitzustellen.It is an object of the invention to provide a method for producing a bent part from an elongated workpiece material, in particular from a wire or a tube made from round, flat or profiled workpiece material, which can be implemented in a structurally inexpensive and functionally reliable manner. It is a further object to provide a bending machine suitable for carrying out the method.

Zur Lösung dieser Aufgaben stellt die Erfindung ein Verfahren mit den Merkmalen von Anspruch 1 sowie eine Biegemaschine mit den Merkmalen von Anspruch 2 bereit. Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen sind in den abhängigen Ansprüchen angegeben. Der Wortlaut sämtlicher Ansprüche wird durch Bezugnahme zum Inhalt der Beschreibung gemacht.To achieve these objects, the invention provides a method with the features of claim 1 and a bending machine with the features of claim 2. Advantageous further developments are given in the dependent claims. The wording of all claims is incorporated into the content of the description by reference.

Das Verfahren kann automatisch mittels einer Biegemaschine durchgeführt werden. Dabei wird das langgestreckte Werkstück bzw. ein Abschnitt davon einer Biegeeinheit der Biegemaschine zugeführt. Vorzugsweise wird dabei das Werkstück mittels einer Einzugseinrichtung von einem Materialvorrat abgezogen und der Biegeeinheit der Biegemaschine zugeführt. Die Biegeeinheit hat einen Biegekopf, der mehrere unterschiedliche Arbeitsbewegungen ausführen kann. Der Biegekopf kann, angetrieben durch einen Z-Antrieb, parallel zu einer Biegekopfachse linear verfahren werden. Der Biegekopf weist ein Biegewerkzeug auf, welches mithilfe eines Biegeantriebs um die Biegeachse drehbar ist. Die Biegeachse fällt in der Regel mit der Biegekopfachse zusammen, so dass das Biegewerkzeug um die Biegekopfachse gedreht wird (zentrisches Biegen). Bei der Biegeachse kann es sich auch um eine parallel versetzt zur Biegekopfachse positionierbare oder positionierte Biegeachse handeln, so dass ein exzentrisches Biegen möglich ist.The method can be carried out automatically using a bending machine. The elongated workpiece or a section thereof is fed to a bending unit of the bending machine. In this case, the workpiece is preferably withdrawn from a supply of material by means of a feed device and fed to the bending unit of the bending machine. The bending unit has a bending head that can perform several different work movements. Of the The bending head, driven by a Z-drive, can be moved linearly parallel to a bending head axis. The bending head has a bending tool which can be rotated around the bending axis with the aid of a bending drive. The bending axis usually coincides with the bending head axis, so that the bending tool is rotated around the bending head axis (centric bending). The bending axis can also be a bending axis that can be positioned or positioned offset parallel to the bending head axis, so that eccentric bending is possible.

Wenn der zu biegende Werkstückabschnitt in seine Position gebracht ist, wird der zugeführte Abschnitt des Werkstücks mithilfe von Arbeitsbewegungen des Biegekopfs zu einem zwei- oder dreidimensional gebogenen Biegeteil umgeformt. Jede einzelne Biegeoperation, die durch Drehung des Biegewerkzeugs verursacht wird, erzeugt dabei eine ebene Biegung. Durch Rotieren des umzubiegenden Werkstückabschnitts vor der Biegeoperation in eine andere Drehlage kann eine Biegung in einer anderen Ebene erzeugt werden, so dass ein dreidimensional gebogenes Biegeteil hergestellt werden kann. Sind alle für das Biegeteil vorgesehenen Biegungen erzeugt, so wird das fertige Biegeteil mithilfe einer Schneideinrichtung in einer Schneidoperation von dem zugeführten Werkstückmaterial abgetrennt.When the workpiece section to be bent has been brought into position, the fed section of the workpiece is formed into a two- or three-dimensional bent part with the aid of working movements of the bending head. Every single bending operation caused by the rotation of the bending tool creates a flat bend. By rotating the workpiece section to be bent into a different rotational position before the bending operation, a bend can be produced in a different plane, so that a three-dimensionally bent part can be produced. Once all the bends provided for the bending part have been produced, the finished bending part is separated from the supplied workpiece material in a cutting operation with the aid of a cutting device.

Die Schneideinrichtung ist eine vom Biegekopf gesonderte Einrichtung, die die zum Durchtrennen des Werkstücks erforderlichen, zum Angreifen an dem Werkstück vorgesehenen Werkzeuge (Schneidwerkzeug) aufweist. Eine Schneideinrichtung kann z.B. zwei Schneidwerkzeuge aufweisen, die relativ zueinander beweglich sind, um eine Schnittoperation auszuführen. Wenigstens eines der Schneidwerkzeuge ist an einer beweglichen Komponente der Schneideinrichtung montiert. Das damit zusammenarbeitende andere Schneidwerkzeug kann maschinenfest montiert oder ebenfalls beweglich angeordnet sein. Da bei einer vom Biegekopf gesonderten Schneideinrichtung keines der Schneidwerkzeuge am Biegekopf angebracht ist, ergeben sich Freiheitsgrade in Bezug auf konstruktive Auslegung und Anordnung der Schneideinrichtung in Bezug auf den Biegekopf. Durch Ausgestaltung der Übertragungseinrichtung können die durch die Schnitteinrichtung erzielbaren Schnittkräfte optimiert werden.The cutting device is a device that is separate from the bending head and has the tools (cutting tool) required for cutting through the workpiece and provided for gripping the workpiece. For example, a cutting device may have two cutting tools which are movable relative to one another in order to perform a cutting operation. At least one of the cutting tools is mounted on a movable component of the cutting device. The other cutting tool that works with it can be mounted fixed to the machine or can also be arranged to be movable. Since none of the cutting tools is attached to the bending head in the case of a cutting device which is separate from the bending head, there are degrees of freedom with regard to the structural design and arrangement of the cutting device in relation to the bending head. By designing the transmission device, the cutting forces that can be achieved by the cutting device can be optimized.

Eine Besonderheit des beanspruchten Verfahrens besteht darin, dass eine Arbeitsbewegung des Biegekopfs parallel zur Biegekopfachse die Schnittoperation mittels einer Übertragungseinrichtung verursacht bzw. die Schneideinrichtung mittels einer Übertragungseinrichtung betätigt. Dabei wird der Z-Antrieb des Biegekopfs als Antrieb einer beweglichen Komponente der Schneideinrichtung zur Ausführung der Schneidoperation verwendet.A special feature of the claimed method is that a working movement of the bending head parallel to the bending head axis causes the cutting operation by means of a transmission device or actuates the cutting device by means of a transmission device. The Z-drive of the bending head is used as a drive for a movable component of the cutting device used to perform the cutting operation.

In einer allgemeineren Formulierung kann ein Aspekt der Erfindung auch so formuliert werden, dass die Schneideinrichtung durch eine Arbeitsbewegung des Biegekopfs oder einer seiner Komponenten betätigt wird, welche über die übliche Arbeitsbewegung hinausgeht. Diese Betätigung wird nicht unmittelbar, sondern mithilfe einer Übertragungseinrichtung, also indirekt bzw. mittelbar, bewirkt.In a more general formulation, an aspect of the invention can also be formulated in such a way that the cutting device is actuated by a working movement of the bending head or one of its components which goes beyond the usual working movement. This actuation is not effected directly, but with the aid of a transmission device, i.e. indirectly or indirectly.

In konstruktiver Hinsicht kann dieses Konzept bei einer Biegemaschine so umgesetzt werden, dass eine bewegliche Komponente der vom Biegekopf gesonderten Schneideinrichtung mittels einer Übertragungseinrichtung mit einem Antrieb des Biegekopfs zur Übertragung von Kräften und Momenten gekoppelt ist, so dass die Schnitteinrichtung über diesen Antrieb mittels der Übetragungeinrichtung bzw. vermittelt über die Übertragungseinrichtung betätigbar ist.In terms of construction, this concept can be implemented in a bending machine in such a way that a movable component of the cutting device, which is separate from the bending head, is coupled by means of a transmission device to a drive of the bending head for the transmission of forces and torques, so that the cutting device via this drive by means of the transmission device or can be actuated mediated via the transmission device.

Bei dem gekoppelten Antrieb handelt es sich vorzugsweise um den Z-Antrieb, der für die Verfahrbewegung des Biegekopfs parallel zur Biegekopfachse zuständig ist. Der genutzte Z-Antrieb erhält dadurch eine Doppelfunktion.The coupled drive is preferably the Z-drive, which is responsible for the movement of the bending head parallel to the bending head axis. The sterndrive used thereby has a double function.

Alternativ könnte der Biegeantrieb über eine Übertragungseinrichtung an die Schneideinrichtung angekoppelt sein. Die Schneideinrichtung kann somit prinzipiell auch an den Biegeantrieb (d.h. den Antrieb des drehbaren Biegewerkzeugs) zur Übertragung von Kräften und Momenten gekoppelt werden, um die Schneidoperation auszuführen.Alternatively, the bending drive could be coupled to the cutting device via a transmission device. The cutting device can thus in principle also be coupled to the bending drive (i.e. the drive of the rotatable bending tool) for the transmission of forces and moments in order to carry out the cutting operation.

In einer allgemeineren Formulierung der Erfindung kann somit bei einem gattungsgemäßen Verfahren bzw. einer gattungsgemäßen Biegemaschine vorgesehen sein, dass eine Arbeitsbewegung des Biegekopfs oder einer seiner Komponenten die Schneideinrichtung mittels einer Übertragungseinrichtung betätigt. Die Arbeitsbewegung ist dabei eine Arbeitsbewegung des gesamten Biegekopfs (parallel zur Biegekopfachse).In a more general formulation of the invention, it can thus be provided in a generic method or a generic bending machine that a working movement of the bending head or one of its components actuates the cutting device by means of a transmission device. The working movement is a working movement of the entire bending head (parallel to the bending head axis).

Durch Bereitstellung einer vorzugsweise vollmechanisch arbeitenden Übertragungseinrichtung kann auf einen gesonderten Antrieb für die Schneideinrichtung verzichtet werden, so dass die Schneideinrichtung keinen gesondert von der Steuereinrichtung ansteuerbaren Antrieb benötigt. Durch Verzicht auf einen gesonderten dedizierten Antrieb für die Schneideinrichtung kann eine derartige Biegemaschine wesentlich kostengünstiger als herkömmliche Biegemaschinen mit gesondertem Antrieb für die Schneideinrichtung hergestellt werden. Zudem kann Bauraum eingespart werden, wodurch eine insgesamt kompaktere Anordnung realisierbar ist.By providing a preferably fully mechanically operating transmission device, a separate drive for the cutting device can be dispensed with, so that the cutting device does not need a drive that can be controlled separately by the control device. By dispensing with a separate, dedicated drive for the cutting device, such a bending machine can be manufactured significantly more cost-effectively than conventional bending machines with a separate drive for the cutting device. In addition, installation space can be saved, as a result of which an overall more compact arrangement can be realized.

Besonders einfach und robust ist die Erfindung, weil die Schneideinrichtung ausschließlich durch eine Arbeitsbewegung des Biegekopfs parallel zur Biegekopfachse betätigt wird, so dass nur der Z-Antrieb eine Doppelfunktion hat.The invention is particularly simple and robust because the cutting device is actuated exclusively by a working movement of the bending head parallel to the bending head axis, so that only the Z-drive has a double function.

Gemäß einer Weiterbildung weist die mithilfe des Antriebs des Biegekopfs bewegbare bewegliche Komponente der Schneideinrichtung einen Hebel auf, der um eine Hebelachse drehbar ist. Dieser Hebel kann auch als Schnitthebel bezeichnet werden. Der Hebel kann als Träger eines beweglichen Messers der Schneideinrichtung dienen. Der Hebel kann als zweiarmiger Hebel mit ungleich langen Hebelarmen ausgelegt sein. Die Hebelverhältnisse sind vorzugsweise so gewählt, dass ein relativ großer Arbeitshub des damit gekoppelten Antriebs (z.B. des Antriebs des Biegekopfs) eine relativ dazu kleinere Bewegung des von der beweglichen Komponente getragenen Messers der Schneideinrichtung bewirkt. Durch eine solche Übersetzung über den Hebel wird die gekoppelte Maschinenachse des Biegekopfs, insbesondere die Z-Achse, durch die bei der Schneidoperation auftretenden Schnittkräfte weniger stark belastet als bei einer ebenfalls möglichen direkten Kopplung ohne Übersetzung. Andererseits können hohe Schnittkräfte erzeugt werden.According to a further development, the movable component of the cutting device that can be moved with the aid of the drive of the bending head has a lever that can be rotated about a lever axis. This lever can also be referred to as a cutting lever. The lever can serve as a carrier for a movable knife of the cutting device. The lever can be designed as a two-armed lever with lever arms of different lengths. The lever ratios are preferably selected so that a relatively large working stroke of the drive coupled therewith (e.g. the drive of the bending head) causes a relatively smaller movement of the knife of the cutting device carried by the movable component. With such a translation via the lever, the coupled machine axis of the bending head, in particular the Z-axis, is less stressed by the cutting forces occurring during the cutting operation than with a direct coupling without translation, which is also possible. On the other hand, high cutting forces can be generated.

Alternativ kann die Übertragungseinrichtung beispielsweise ineinandergreifende Zahnräder oder andere zum Aufbau einer mechanischen Übertragungseinrichtung geeignete Maschinenelemente aufweisen.Alternatively, the transmission device can, for example, have intermeshing gears or other machine elements suitable for constructing a mechanical transmission device.

Die Übertragungseinrichtung ist vorzugsweise derart ausgelegt, dass eine lineare Bewegung des Biegekopfs über einen ersten Hubabschnitt parallel zur Biegekopfachse zwischen einer Biegestellung und einer Umsetz-Stellung keine Bewegung der mit dem Z-Antrieb gekoppelten beweglichen Komponente der Schneideinrichtung verursacht. Dadurch kann erreicht werden, dass die Schneideinrichtung während des üblichen Biegebetriebs praktisch vom Z-Antrieb entkoppelt ist. Als "normaler Biegebetrieb" werden hier diejenigen Arbeitsbewegungen des Biegekopfs bezeichnet, die beim Biegen des Werkstücks sowie beim Umsetzen des Biegekopfs bzw. des Biegewerkzeugs zwischen aufeinanderfolgenden Biegungen üblicherweise stattfinden, insbesondere also eine kurzhubige Rückzugsbewegung des Biegekopfs von der Arbeitsstellung (Biegestellung) in die Umsetz-Stellung, in welcher das Biegewerkzeug nicht mehr in Eingriff mit dem zu biegenden Werkstück steht und eine Drehung des Biegewerkzeugs ohne Kontakt mit dem Werkstück möglich ist.The transmission device is preferably designed such that a linear movement of the bending head over a first stroke section parallel to the bending head axis between a bending position and a transfer position does not cause any movement of the movable component of the cutting device coupled to the Z drive. It can thereby be achieved that the cutting device is practically decoupled from the Z-drive during the usual bending operation. "Normal bending operation" refers to those working movements of the bending head that usually take place between successive bends when bending the workpiece and when moving the bending head or the bending tool. In particular, a short-stroke retraction movement of the bending head from the working position (bending position) to the transfer position, in which the bending tool is no longer in engagement with the workpiece to be bent and rotation of the bending tool is possible without contact with the workpiece.

Denkbar sind auch mehrstufige Werkzeuge, bei denen z.B. Biegedorne und/oder Biegestifte mehrere Niveaus mit unterschiedlichen Radien haben und mittels der Z-Achse auf bzw. in die Arbeitsebene gebracht werden können. Auch diese Biegeniveauwechsel sollten schnittbewegungsneutral ausgeführt werden können.Multi-stage tools are also conceivable, in which e.g. bending mandrels and / or bending pins have several levels with different radii and can be brought onto or into the working plane using the Z-axis. These changes in bending level should also be able to be carried out in a way that is neutral in terms of cutting movements.

Gemäß einer Weiterbildung weist die Übertragungseinrichtung eine Steuerkurve auf, die eine gleichförmige Bewegung des Biegekopfs parallel zur Biegekopfachse in eine ungleichförmige Bewegung der mit dem Z-Antrieb gekoppelten beweglichen Komponente der Schneideinrichtung umsetzt. Insbesondere kann es so sein, dass die Steuerkurve einen ersten Kurvenabschnitt aufweist, der derart orientiert ist, dass eine lineare Bewegung des Biegekopfs parallel zur Biegekopfachse über einen ersten Hubabschnitt zwischen der Biegestellung und der Umsetz-Stellung keine Bewegung der mit dem Z-Antrieb gekoppelten beweglichen Komponente der Schneideinrichtung verursacht und dass an den ersten Kurvenabschnitt ein zweiter Kurvenabschnitt anschließt, der schräg zum ersten Kurvenabschnitt derart orientiert ist, dass eine weitere lineare Bewegung des Biegekopfs parallel zur Biegekopfachse über die Umsetz-Stellung hinaus eine Bewegung der mit dem Z-Antrieb gekoppelten beweglichen Komponente der Schneideinrichtung verursacht. Dadurch kann erreicht werden, dass bei denjenigen Arbeitsbewegungen des Biegekopfs, die lediglich zwischen Biegestellung und Umsetz-Stellung ablaufen, die Schneideinrichtung nicht angesteuert wird und dementsprechend kein Schnitt erfolgt, während bei einem über die Umsetz-Stellung hinausgehenden weiteren Hub eine Schneidbewegung für die Schneidoperation erzeugt wird.According to a further development, the transmission device has a control curve which converts a uniform movement of the bending head parallel to the bending head axis into a non-uniform movement of the movable component of the cutting device coupled to the Z drive. In particular, it can be the case that the control cam has a first cam section which is oriented in such a way that a linear movement of the bending head parallel to the bending head axis over a first stroke section between the bending position and the transfer position does not cause any movement of the movable head coupled to the Z-drive Component of the cutting device and that the first curve section is followed by a second curve section, which is oriented obliquely to the first curve section in such a way that a further linear movement of the bending head parallel to the bending head axis beyond the transfer position also results in a movement of the movable head coupled to the Z-drive Component of the cutter caused. This ensures that the cutting device is not actuated during those working movements of the bending head that only take place between the bending position and the transfer position, and accordingly no cut takes place, while a cutting movement for the cutting operation is generated during a further stroke beyond the transfer position will.

Bei Ausführungsformen, bei denen die bewegliche Komponente der Schneideinrichtung einen Hebel (Schnitthebel) aufweist, der um eine Hebelachse drehbar ist, kann die vorteilhafte Kinematik dadurch umgesetzt werden, dass an einem parallel zur Biegekopfachse beweglichen Schlitten des Biegekopfs eine winkelförmige Nut ausgebildet ist, welche die Steuerkurve bildet, und dass an einem Hebelarm des Hebels eine Kurvenrolle angebracht ist, die in die Nut eingreift. Dadurch kann erreicht werden, dass sowohl bei einer Rückzugsbewegung des Biegekopfs von der Biegestellung über die Umsetz-Stellung und darüber hinaus als auch bei einer Arbeitsbewegung in entgegengesetzter Richtung eine praktisch spielfreie Übertragung von Kräften und Momenten auf die bewegliche Komponente der Schneideinrichtung vorliegt. Eine umgekehrte Anordnung (mit der Nut in dem Hebel und einer Kurvenrolle an einem Schlitten des Biegekopfs ist auch möglich.In embodiments in which the movable component of the cutting device has a lever (cutting lever) that is rotatable about a lever axis, the advantageous kinematics can be implemented in that an angular groove is formed on a carriage of the bending head that is movable parallel to the bending head axis, which the Forms control cam, and that a cam roller is attached to a lever arm of the lever, which engages in the groove. In this way, it can be achieved that there is practically play-free transmission of forces and moments to the movable component of the cutting device both when the bending head is withdrawn from the bending position via the transfer position and beyond, as well as when there is a working movement in the opposite direction. A reverse arrangement (with the groove in the lever and a cam roller on a slide of the bending head is also possible.

KURZBESCHREIBUNG DER ZEICHNUNGENBRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Weitere Vorteile und Aspekte der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Ansprüchen und aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung von bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispielen der Erfindung, die nachfolgend anhand der Figuren erläutert sind.

Fig. 1
zeigt eine schrägperspektivische Ansicht einer Biegemaschine gemäß einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung von der mit einem Biegekopf ausgestatteten Vorderseite;
Fig. 2
zeigt eine Draufsicht auf einen Ausschnitt der Biegemaschine aus Fig. 1 in Richtung parallel zur Biegekopfachse des Biegekopfs;
Fig. 3 bis Fig. 5
zeigen unterschiedliche Arbeitsstellungen des Biegekopfs und der damit gekoppelten Schneideinrichtung.
Further advantages and aspects of the invention emerge from the claims and from the following description of preferred exemplary embodiments of the invention, which are explained below with reference to the figures.
Fig. 1
shows an oblique perspective view of a bending machine according to an embodiment of the invention from the front side equipped with a bending head;
Fig. 2
FIG. 11 shows a plan view of a section of the bending machine from FIG Fig. 1 in the direction parallel to the bending head axis of the bending head;
FIGS. 3 to 5
show different working positions of the bending head and the cutting device coupled to it.

DETAILLIERTE BESCHREIBUNG DER AUSFÜHRUNGSBEISPIELEDETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

Nachfolgend werden Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung anhand einer computernumerisch gesteuerten Biegemaschine 100 erläutert, die für das Biegen von Draht eingerichtet ist. Fig. 1 zeigt eine schrägperspektivische Vorderansicht der Einkopf-Biegemaschine. Fig. 2 zeigt eine Draufsicht auf einen Ausschnitt der Biegemaschine aus Fig. 1 in Richtung parallel zur Biegekopfachse ihres Biegekopfs.In the following, exemplary embodiments of the invention are explained on the basis of a computer-numerically controlled bending machine 100 which is set up for bending wire. Fig. 1 shows an oblique perspective front view of the single-head bending machine. Fig. 2 FIG. 11 shows a plan view of a section of the bending machine from FIG Fig. 1 in the direction parallel to the bending head axis of your bending head.

Die Biegemaschine 100 ist als Drahtbiegemaschine dafür ausgelegt, einen Abschnitt eines langgestreckten Werkstücks 110 in Form eines Drahts mit vorzugsweise rundem Querschnitt durch Kaltverformen mit einer oder mehreren Biegungen in einer oder mehreren Biegeebenen zu versehen. Es können auch Drähte mit flachem oder profiliertem Querschnitt gebogen werden.The bending machine 100 is designed as a wire bending machine to provide a section of an elongated workpiece 110 in the form of a wire with a preferably round cross-section with one or more bends in one or more bending planes by cold forming. Wires with a flat or profiled cross-section can also be bent.

Bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel hat die Biegemaschine 100 ein mit Kleinbuchstaben x, y und z gekennzeichnetes, rechtwinkliges Maschinenkoordinatensystem MK mit einer vertikalen z-Achse und horizontalen x- und y-Achsen. Im dargestellten Beispiel verläuft die x-Achse parallel zur Werkstückachse 112 des noch nicht gebogenen Werkstücks. Von den Koordinatenachsen sind die geregelt angetriebenen Maschinenachsen zu unterscheiden, die jeweils mit Großbuchstaben (z.B. A, C, Z etc.) bezeichnet werden.In the exemplary embodiment, the bending machine 100 has a right-angled machine coordinate system MK marked with lowercase letters x, y and z with a vertical z-axis and horizontal x- and y-axes. In the example shown, the x-axis runs parallel to the workpiece axis 112 of the not yet bent workpiece. From the coordinate axes A distinction must be made between the controlled driven machine axes, which are each designated with capital letters (e.g. A, C, Z etc.).

Sämtliche Antriebe für die Maschinenachsen sind elektrisch an eine (nicht dargestellte) Steuereinrichtung angeschlossen, die unter anderem die Leistungsversorgung für die Antriebe, eine zentrale Rechnereinheit und Speichereinheiten enthält. Mit Hilfe der in der Steuereinrichtung aktiven Steuerungssoftware werden die Bewegungen sämtlicher Maschinenachsen variabel gesteuert, um eine koordinierte Bewegung der am Biegevorgang beteiligten Elemente zu erzeugen. Eine an die Steuereinrichtung angeschlossene Anzeige- und Bedieneinheit 130 dient als Schnittstelle zum Maschinenbediener.All drives for the machine axes are electrically connected to a control device (not shown) which contains, among other things, the power supply for the drives, a central computer unit and storage units. With the help of the control software active in the control device, the movements of all machine axes are variably controlled in order to generate a coordinated movement of the elements involved in the bending process. A display and operating unit 130 connected to the control device serves as an interface to the machine operator.

Zur Erzeugung einer Biegung wird ein zunächst gerader Werkstückabschnitt in eine Ausgangsstellung im Eingriffsbereich des Biegekopfs 180 gebracht. Dazu wird hier von einem längeren Werkstückvorrat (Coil) gearbeitet. Dies ist beim dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel der Fall.To produce a bend, an initially straight workpiece section is brought into an initial position in the area of engagement of the bending head 180. For this purpose, a longer work piece supply (coil) is used here. This is the case in the illustrated embodiment.

Die Biegemaschine hat hierzu eine in Fig. 1 nicht sichtbare, mit Einzugswalzen ausgestattete Einzugseinrichtung, die aufeinanderfolgende Drahtabschnitte eines von einem Drahtvorrat kommenden und ggf. durch eine optionale Richteinheit geführten Drahtes mit numerisch gesteuertem Vorschubgeschwindigkeitsprofil in horizontaler Richtung (parallel zur x-Richtung) in den Bereich des Biegekopfs 180 einziehen bzw. zuführen kann. Der Draht wird austrittsseitig durch eine rohrförmige Drahtführung hindurchgeführt und tritt in horizontaler Zufuhrrichtung aus. Der Vorschub (die Einzugsbewegung) wird gestoppt, wenn der Draht eine Ausgangsstellung erreicht. Die lineare Maschinenachse für die Zufuhr wird als C-Achse bezeichnet, sie hat einen nicht dargestellten Motor.The bending machine has an in Fig. 1 Invisible feed device equipped with feed rollers, which can draw in or feed successive wire sections of a wire with a numerically controlled feed rate profile coming from a wire supply and possibly guided by an optional straightening unit in the horizontal direction (parallel to the x-direction) into the area of the bending head 180 . The wire is passed through a tubular wire guide on the exit side and exits in the horizontal feed direction. The feed (the pull-in movement) is stopped when the wire reaches an initial position. The linear machine axis for the feed is called the C-axis, it has a motor, not shown.

Der Draht tritt bei der Zufuhr aus dem vorderen Ende der Drahtführung aus, verläuft danach durch den Bereich einer später noch erläuterten Schneideinrichtung 150 bis in den Eingriffsbereich des Biegekopfs 180. Die Schneideinrichtung 150 ist zwischen der Einzugseinrichtung und dem Biegekopf angeordnet.The wire emerges from the front end of the wire guide when it is fed, then runs through the area of a cutting device 150, which will be explained later, into the engagement area of the bending head 180. The cutting device 150 is arranged between the feed device and the bending head.

Eine Drehung des Werkstücks um die Werkstücklängsachse, beispielsweise zum Wechsel der Biegeebene, wird über den Drehantrieb der A-Achse erzeugt. Dadurch kann die Einzugseinrichtung als Ganzes gemeinsam mit der Richteinheit um eine zur x-Achse parallele Achse gedreht werden.A rotation of the workpiece around the workpiece longitudinal axis, for example to change the bending plane, is generated via the rotary drive of the A-axis. As a result, the intake device as a whole can be rotated together with the straightening unit about an axis parallel to the x-axis.

Der Biegekopf 180 hat einen während des Biegevorgangs stationären inneren Werkzeugteil 182, der in Draufsicht (vgl. Fig. 2) eine zylindrische Außenkontur hat. Dieser Werkzeugteil trägt an seiner Oberseite mehrere auswechselbare Biegedorne unterschiedlicher Durchmesser, von denen jeweils einer (z.B. der Biegedorn 183) in eine Arbeitsstellung in der Nähe der Werkstückachse gebracht werden kann, um beim Biegevorgang als innere Abstützung des Werkstückabschnitts zu dienen. Der Außendurchmesser des genutzten Biegedorns 183 legt den Biegeradius der zur erzeugenden Biegung fest, also den Krümmungsradius der Biegung. Für die Drehung des inneren Werkzeugteils 182 um die Biegekopfachse 185 zum Wechsel zwischen unterschiedlichen Biegedornen ist ein gesonderter Abtrieb 187 (Servomotor und Getriebe) vorgesehen. Die entsprechende Maschinenachse wird auch als Dornachse bezeichnet.The bending head 180 has an inner tool part 182 which is stationary during the bending process and which can be seen in plan view (cf. Fig. 2 ) has a cylindrical outer contour. This tool part carries several exchangeable bending mandrels of different diameters on its upper side, one of which (e.g. bending mandrel 183) can be brought into a working position near the workpiece axis in order to serve as an inner support for the workpiece section during the bending process. The outer diameter of the bending mandrel 183 used defines the bending radius of the bend to be produced, that is to say the radius of curvature of the bend. A separate output 187 (servomotor and gear) is provided for rotating the inner tool part 182 about the bending head axis 185 to switch between different bending mandrels. The corresponding machine axis is also referred to as the mandrel axis.

Weiterhin hat der Biegekopf 180 ein gegenüber dem inneren Werkzeugteil drehbares Biegewerkzeug 184, das dafür vorgesehen ist, an einem umzubiegenden Abschnitt des Werkstückmaterials seitlich anzugreifen. Das Biegewerkzeug 184 trägt an seiner Oberseite einen Biegestift 186 und ist mittels eines durch die Steuereinrichtung gesteuerten Biegeantriebs 189 (Servomotor und Getriebe) um eine Biegeachse drehbar, die hier mit der Biegekopfachse 185 zusammenfällt. Die Orientierung der Biegeachse legt die Orientierung der Biegeebene fest, welche orthogonal zur Biegeachse liegt und die Werkstückachse 112 enthält.Furthermore, the bending head 180 has a bending tool 184 which is rotatable with respect to the inner tool part and which is provided for laterally engaging a section of the workpiece material that is to be bent over. The bending tool 184 has a bending pin 186 on its upper side and can be rotated around a bending axis by means of a bending drive 189 (servo motor and gear) controlled by the control device, which axis here coincides with the bending head axis 185. The orientation of the bending axis defines the orientation of the bending plane, which is orthogonal to the bending axis and contains the workpiece axis 112.

Die Biegeeinheit mit dem Biegekopf 180 ist bei manchen Ausführungsformen als Ganzes um eine parallel zur x-Achse verlaufende Achse verschwenkbar, so dass die Biegeachse 185 wahlweise vertikal (parallel zur z-Richtung) oder schräg dazu in eine geneigte Stellung ausgerichtet werden kann. Bei dem dargestellten Beispiel ist die Biegeeinheit als Ganzes unter einem fixen Winkel zu der vertikalen z-Achse angeordnet. Denkbar ist, dass dieser Winkel 0° beträgt, also z=Z. Üblich sind 20° - 30° Neigung zur Vertikalen. Wie erwähnt ist auch eine manuelle oder motorische Schwenkeinrichtung möglich. Wichtig ist hierbei, dass die Biegeeinheit als Ganzes, also inklusive der Biegeachse und der Z-Achse verschwenkt wird. Die Werkzeugelemente des Biegekopfs sind dazu in einem massiven Träger 193 montiert, der bei verschwenkbaren Varianten in kreisbogenförmigen Führungen an der Vorderwand der Maschinenbasis 102 geführt sein kann. An der Oberseite des Trägers ist eine metallische Tischplatte 192 eines Auflagetischs 190 montiert, dessen ebene Oberseite in jeder Stellung des Biegekopfs wenig unterhalb des Niveaus der Werkstückachse 112 liegt. Der Auflagetisch dient als Auflage für die über den Biegekopf hinausragenden Abschnitte eines Biegeteils und als Rutsche, über die fertig gebogene Biegeteile nach dem Abtrennen vom Materialvorrat seitlich in einen Sammelbehälter rutschen können.In some embodiments, the bending unit with the bending head 180 can be pivoted as a whole about an axis running parallel to the x-axis, so that the bending axis 185 can optionally be aligned vertically (parallel to the z-direction) or at an angle to it in an inclined position. In the example shown, the bending unit as a whole is arranged at a fixed angle to the vertical z-axis. It is conceivable that this angle is 0 °, i.e. z = Z. An inclination of 20 ° - 30 ° to the vertical is common. As mentioned, a manual or motorized swivel device is also possible. It is important here that the bending unit is pivoted as a whole, i.e. including the bending axis and the Z-axis. For this purpose, the tool elements of the bending head are mounted in a solid carrier 193 which, in the case of pivotable variants, can be guided in circular arc-shaped guides on the front wall of the machine base 102. A metal table top 192 of a support table 190 is mounted on the upper side of the carrier, the flat upper side of which lies slightly below the level of the workpiece axis 112 in every position of the bending head. The support table serves as a support for the sections of a bent part protruding beyond the bending head and as a slide via which the finished bent parts can slide laterally into a collecting container after being separated from the material supply.

Weitere Einzelheiten zu Aufbau und Funktion der Biegemaschine 100 sind besonders gut anhand der Fig. 2 bis 5 zu verstehen. Fig. 2 zeigt dabei eine Draufsicht auf einen Ausschnitt der Biegemaschine aus Fig. 1 in Richtung parallel zur Biegekopfachse 185 des Biegekopfs 180. Erkennbar ist dabei auch die Schneideinrichtung 150, die zwischen der (in Fig. 2 nicht dargestellten) Einzugseinrichtung für das Werkstück und dem Biegekopf 180 angeordnet ist. Die Fig. 3 bis 5 zeigen Ansichten der Biegemaschine im Bereich des Biegekopfs 180 und der Schneideinrichtung 150 in einer Richtung parallel zur x-Achse des Maschinenkoordinatensystems bzw. parallel zur Zufuhrrichtung des zu biegenden Werkstücks.Further details on the structure and function of the bending machine 100 are particularly good on the basis of FIG Figures 2 to 5 to understand. Fig. 2 shows a plan view of a section of the bending machine Fig. 1 in the direction parallel to the bending head axis 185 of the bending head 180. The cutting device 150, which is located between the (in Fig. 2 not shown) feed device for the workpiece and the bending head 180 is arranged. the Figures 3 to 5 show views of the bending machine in the area of the bending head 180 and the cutting device 150 in a direction parallel to the x-axis of the machine coordinate system or parallel to the feed direction of the workpiece to be bent.

Die Schneideinrichtung 150 ist eine vom Biegekopf 180 gesonderte Einrichtung, die die zum Durchtrennen des Werkstücks erforderlichen Werkzeuge (Schneidwerkzeuge) aufweist. Die Schneidwerkzeuge sind diejenigen Komponenten der Schneideinrichtung, die zum unmittelbaren Kontakt mit dem Werkstück bzw. zum Angreifen an dem Werkstück vorgesehen sind. Am Biegekopf sind keine Werkzeuge der Schneideinrichtung angebracht. Bei Verwendung einer vom Biegekopf gesonderten Schneideinrichtung ergeben sich Freiheitsgrade in Bezug auf konstruktive Auslegung und Anordnung der Schneideinrichtung 150 in Bezug auf den Biegekopf 180.The cutting device 150 is a device which is separate from the bending head 180 and which has the tools (cutting tools) required for severing the workpiece. The cutting tools are those components of the cutting device which are provided for direct contact with the workpiece or for engaging the workpiece. No cutting device tools are attached to the bending head. When using a cutting device that is separate from the bending head, there are degrees of freedom with regard to the structural design and arrangement of the cutting device 150 in relation to the bending head 180.

Fig. 3 zeigt die Komponenten der Biegemaschine dabei in einer ersten Stellung, die auch als Biegestellung bezeichnet wird. In dieser ersten Stellung befindet sich der Biegekopf 180 in seiner dem Werkstück nächsten Endstellung, in welcher der Biegestift 186 des Biegewerkzeugs so in die Werkstückebene eingeführt ist, dass eine Drehung des Biegewerkzeugs eine Biegung am Werkstück verursachen kann. Wie an dem vergrößerten Detail in Fig. 3A erkennbar ist, befindet sich die Schneideinrichtung 150 dabei in einer geöffneten Stellung ohne Schneideingriff am Werkstück. In der geöffneten Stellung ist eine Zuführung von Werkstückmaterial in Zuführrichtung (parallel zur x-Achse bzw. zur Werkstücklängsachse 112) möglich. Fig. 3 shows the components of the bending machine in a first position, which is also referred to as the bending position. In this first position, the bending head 180 is in its end position closest to the workpiece, in which the bending pin 186 of the bending tool is inserted into the workpiece plane in such a way that a rotation of the bending tool can cause the workpiece to bend. As in the enlarged detail in Figure 3A can be seen, the cutting device 150 is in an open position without cutting engagement on the workpiece. In the open position, workpiece material can be fed in in the feed direction (parallel to the x-axis or to the workpiece longitudinal axis 112).

Fig. 4 zeigt die gleichen Komponenten in einer zweiten Stellung, die hier auch als Umsetz-Stellung bezeichnet wird. Dabei befindet sich der Biegekopf 180 in einer gegenüber der Biegestellung leicht (z.B. um ca. 10 mm bis ca. 20 mm, abhängig vom Drahtdurchmesser ggf. auch mehr oder weniger) zurückgezogenen Position, die ein Umsetzen des Biegestifts, also eine Drehung des Biegewerkzeugs ohne Angriff am Werkstück ermöglicht. Wie in Fig. 4A sichtbar, ist die Schneideinrichtung weiterhin in einer geöffneten Stellung. Fig. 4 shows the same components in a second position, which is also referred to here as the transfer position. The bending head 180 is in a slightly retracted position compared to the bending position (e.g. by approx. 10 mm to approx. 20 mm, depending on the wire diameter, possibly more or less) Attack on the workpiece enables. As in Figure 4A visible, the cutting device is still in an open position.

Fig. 5 zeigt schließlich eine Konfiguration bzw. Stellung, in der sich der Biegekopf 180 in seiner am weitesten vom Werkstück zurückgezogenen unteren Stellung befindet. Bei der Bewegung von der Umsetz-Stellung in diese unterste Stellung wird die Schneideinrichtung 150 betätigt, so dass das fertig gebogene Biegeteil vom zugeführten Werkstückabschnitt abgetrennt wird. Nachfolgend werden strukturelle Komponenten näher erläutert, die diese vorteilhafte Funktionalität ermöglichen. Fig. 5 Finally, FIG. 3 shows a configuration or position in which the bending head 180 is in its lower position, which is most withdrawn from the workpiece. When moving The cutting device 150 is actuated from the transfer position to this lowest position, so that the finished bent part is separated from the workpiece section that has been supplied. Structural components that enable this advantageous functionality are explained in more detail below.

Der Biegekopf 180 bzw. dessen Komponenten sind auf einem linear verfahrbaren Schlitten 200 montiert, der auch als Biegeschlitten bezeichnet wird. Die Verfahrrichtung des Schlittens verläuft senkrecht zur Zufuhrrichtung des Drahts, also senkrecht zur x-Richtung des Maschinenkoordinatensystems. Die Orientierung des Biegeschlittens legt die Orientierung der Biegekopfachse 185 in Bezug auf die Zufuhrrichtung des Werkstücks fest. Der Biegekopf kann als Ganzes parallel zur Biegekopfachse 185 linear verfahren werden. Diejenige numerisch gesteuerte Maschinenachse, die diese Linearbewegung des Biegekopfs parallel zur Biegekopfachse bewirkt, wird hier als Z-Achse bezeichnet. Der zugehörige Antrieb, der hier als Z-Antrieb bezeichnet wird, umfasst einen Kurbeltrieb 210, der um eine parallel zur x-Achse verlaufende Drehachse drehbar ist. Der Schlitten 200 ist über eine Übertragungsstange 220 mit dem Kurbeltrieb 210 des Z-Antriebs gekoppelt.The bending head 180 or its components are mounted on a linearly displaceable slide 200, which is also referred to as a bending slide. The direction of travel of the slide runs perpendicular to the feed direction of the wire, i.e. perpendicular to the x-direction of the machine coordinate system. The orientation of the bending carriage defines the orientation of the bending head axis 185 in relation to the feed direction of the workpiece. The bending head as a whole can be moved linearly parallel to the bending head axis 185. The numerically controlled machine axis that causes this linear movement of the bending head parallel to the bending head axis is referred to here as the Z-axis. The associated drive, which is referred to here as a Z-drive, comprises a crank drive 210, which can be rotated about an axis of rotation running parallel to the x-axis. The slide 200 is coupled to the crank mechanism 210 of the Z-drive via a transmission rod 220.

An dem Schlitten 200, der die Linearbewegung des Biegekopfs ermöglicht, ist auf der Seite des Hebels 160 ein plattenförmiger Abschnitt 205 angebracht, in dem eine winkelförmige Nut bzw. Nutkurve 165 eingearbeitet. Die auch als Steuernut bezeichnete Nut kann in einen parallel zur Biegekopfachse 185 ausgerichteten ersten Abschnitt 165-1 und einen gegenüber dem ersten Abschnitt bzw. der Biegekopfachse schräg gestellten zweiten Abschnitt 165-2 unterteilt werden. Der erste Abschnitt und der zweite Abschnitt sind jeweils im Wesentlichen geradlinig und schließen einen spitzen Winkel von ca. 20° bis 40° zueinander ein. Der zweite Abschnitt 165-2 ist mehr als doppelt so lang wie der erste Abschnitt 165-1.On the slide 200, which enables the linear movement of the bending head, a plate-shaped section 205 is attached on the side of the lever 160, in which an angular groove or groove curve 165 is incorporated. The groove, also referred to as a control groove, can be divided into a first section 165-1 aligned parallel to the bending head axis 185 and a second section 165-2 which is inclined with respect to the first section or the bending head axis. The first section and the second section are each essentially straight and enclose an acute angle of approximately 20 ° to 40 ° to one another. The second section 165-2 is more than twice as long as the first section 165-1.

Die Schneideinrichtung 150 ist so konstruiert, dass ein fertiges Biegeteil vom zugeführten Werkstückabschnitt in einer Schneidoperation nach Art eines Scherschnitts abgetrennt werden kann. Ein erstes Messer 152 der Schneideinrichtung 150 ist mithilfe eines justierbaren Messerträgers maschinenfest, d.h. in Bezug auf die Maschinenbasis der Biegemaschine fest montiert. Das erste Messer 152 arbeitet mit einem zweiten Messer 154 zusammen, welches an einer beweglichen Komponente 160 der Schneideinrichtung justierbar montiert ist. Die auswechselbaren Messer 152, 154 sind die Schneidwerkzeuge der Schneideinrichtung 150. Zwischen den Messern befindet sich der Schnittspalt 155, der die Trennebene definiert. Der Scherschnitt wird ausgeführt, wenn sich das zweite Messer 154 gegenüber dem ersten Messer 152 in wesentlichen parallel zur x-y-Ebene etwa in y-Richtung (auf einen Kreisbogen) bewegt. Bei der beweglichen Komponente 160, die das zweite Messer 154 trägt, handelt es sich um einen Hebel 160 (auch Schnitthebel 160 genannt), der um eine parallel zur x-Richtung verlaufende, maschinenfeste Drehachse 162 verschwenkbar gelagert ist. Die Trägerstruktur für das zweite Messer 154 befindet sich in der Nähe zur Drehachse 162 an der Oberseite des Hebels 160. Ein längerer gewinkelter Hebelarm 164 ragt nach unten im Wesentlichen parallel oder im spitzen Winkel zur Biegekopfachse 185 ab. An dem Endabschnitt des Hebels 160, der der Drehachse 162 abgewandt ist, ist eine Kurvenrolle 230 drehbar gelagert. Die Kurvenrolle 230 ist in der gewinkelten Nut 165 (Nutkurve, Steuernut) am Biegeschlitten geführt.The cutting device 150 is constructed in such a way that a finished bent part can be severed from the supplied workpiece section in a cutting operation in the manner of a shear cut. A first knife 152 of the cutting device 150 is fixed to the machine with the aid of an adjustable knife carrier, that is to say fixedly mounted in relation to the machine base of the bending machine. The first knife 152 cooperates with a second knife 154, which is adjustably mounted on a movable component 160 of the cutting device. The interchangeable knives 152, 154 are the cutting tools of the cutting device 150. The cutting gap 155, which defines the parting plane, is located between the knives. The shear cut is carried out when the second knife 154 moves with respect to the first knife 152 essentially parallel to the xy plane, approximately in the y direction (on an arc of a circle). The movable component 160, which carries the second knife 154, is a lever 160 (also called cutting lever 160) which is mounted pivotably about a machine-fixed axis of rotation 162 running parallel to the x-direction. The support structure for the second knife 154 is located in the vicinity of the axis of rotation 162 on the upper side of the lever 160. A longer, angled lever arm 164 protrudes downward, essentially parallel to or at an acute angle to the bending head axis 185. A cam roller 230 is rotatably mounted on the end section of the lever 160 which faces away from the axis of rotation 162. The cam roller 230 is guided in the angled groove 165 (groove cam, control groove) on the bending slide.

Die am Hebel 160 angebrachte Kurvenrolle 230 und die winkelförmige Nut 165 am Biegeschlitten 200 sind wesentliche Bestandteile einer vollmechanischen Übertragungseinrichtung 250, die eine bewegliche Komponente der Schneideinrichtung 150, nämlich den Hebel 160 mit dem daran befestigten zweiten Messer 154, mit dem Z-Antrieb des Biegekopfs 180 zur Übertragung von Kräften und Momenten derart koppelt, dass die Schneideinrichtung 150 ausschließlich über den Z-Antrieb betätigt werden kann. Die Schneideinrichtung 150 sowie der Biegekopf 180 werden somit von ein- und demselben Antrieb (dem Z-Antrieb) betätigt, so dass ein gesonderter Antrieb für die Schneideinrichtung nicht erforderlich ist.The cam roller 230 attached to the lever 160 and the angular groove 165 on the bending slide 200 are essential components of a fully mechanical transmission device 250, which is a movable component of the cutting device 150, namely the lever 160 with the second knife 154 attached to it, with the Z-drive of the bending head 180 for the transmission of forces and moments is coupled in such a way that the cutting device 150 can only be actuated via the Z-drive. The cutting device 150 and the bending head 180 are thus actuated by one and the same drive (the Z-drive), so that a separate drive for the cutting device is not required.

Die Konstruktion und Funktion des Ausführungsbeispiels können auch wie folgt beschrieben werden.The construction and function of the embodiment can also be described as follows.

Das Basisteil der Schneideinrichtung 150, nämlich ein sogenannter Schnittträger, bindet die Schneideinrichtung 150 an den Maschinenkörper der Biegemaschine an und trägt die Drehachse 162 für den Hebel (Schnitthebel) 160 sowie das maschinenfest montierte erste Messer 152. Der Hebel (Schnitthebel) 160 ist drehbar am Schnittträger abgelagert. Die Anlenkung des Hebels 160 erfolgt über die am freien Hebelende befestigte Kurvenrolle 230. Die Kurvenrolle 230 läuft in einer winkelförmigen Nutkurve 165. Die Nutkurve 165 ist am Schlitten 200 (Biegeschlitten) befestigt und bewegt sich mit dem Schlitten 160 parallel zur Biegekopfachse 185 auf und ab. Dies ist die Arbeitsbewegung der Z-Achse des Antriebssystems der Biegemaschine.The base part of the cutting device 150, namely a so-called cutting support, connects the cutting device 150 to the machine body of the bending machine and carries the axis of rotation 162 for the lever (cutting lever) 160 as well as the machine-mounted first knife 152. The lever (cutting lever) 160 is rotatable on the Cut carrier deposited. The lever 160 is articulated via the cam roller 230 attached to the free end of the lever. The cam roller 230 runs in an angular groove curve 165. The groove curve 165 is attached to the slide 200 (bending slide) and moves up and down with the slide 160 parallel to the bending head axis 185 . This is the working movement of the Z-axis of the drive system of the bending machine.

Die Nutkurve 165 hat einen geraden, zur Z-Achsbewegung parallel verlaufenden ersten Abschnitt 165-1 und einen im Winkel zur Z-Achsbewegung verlaufenden zweiten Abschnitt 165-2. Die beiden jeweils geraden Anteile bzw. Abschnitte der Nutkurve sind über einen nach einem Bewegungsgesetz verlaufenden Kurventeil verbunden.The groove cam 165 has a straight first section 165-1 running parallel to the Z-axis movement and a second section 165-2 running at an angle to the Z-axis movement. The two straight portions or sections of the groove curve are connected via a curve part that runs according to a law of motion.

Die Z-Achse bewegt den Biegekopf 180 parallel zur Biegekopfachse 185 auf und ab. Die Z-Achse wird im Beispielsfall mit einer Kurbel, wie in den Zeichnungen dargestellt, oder über eine Kugelgewindespindel angetrieben. Die Z-Achse kann alternativ auch mit jeder anderen geeigneten Lösung für Linearantriebe angetrieben werden.The Z-axis moves the bending head 180 up and down parallel to the bending head axis 185. In the example, the Z-axis is driven with a crank, as shown in the drawings, or with a ball screw spindle. Alternatively, the Z-axis can also be driven with any other suitable solution for linear drives.

In der in Fig. 3 gezeigten ersten Stellung (Biegestellung) befindet sich der Biegekopf 180 bezüglich der Z-Achse in einer Biegestellung. Der Hebel 160 (Schnitthebel) befindet sich in der für den Drahtdurchlauf geöffneten Stellung (siehe Detail 3A).In the in Fig. 3 The first position shown (bending position) is the bending head 180 with respect to the Z-axis in a bending position. The lever 160 (cutting lever) is in the open position for the wire to pass through (see detail 3A).

In der Konfiguration von Fig. 4 befindet sich der Biegekopf 180 bezüglich der Z-Achse in einer Stellung zum Umsetzen des Biegestifts 186. Diese axiale Position wird als Umsetz-Stellung bezeichnet. In dieser Umsetz-Stellung kann der Biegefinger unter dem Draht durchgeführt werden und damit die Biegerichtung geändert werden. Es ist ersichtlich, dass sich die Kurvenrolle 230 beim Wechsel von der Biegestellung zur Umsetz-Stellung innerhalb des ersten Abschnitts 165-1 der Nutkurve 165 nur linear parallel zur Biegekopfachse bewegt hat. Es wurde also keine Schwenkbewegung am Hebel 160 verursacht, so dass sich die Messer der Schneideinrichtung weiterhin in der geöffneten Stellung befinden. Mit anderen Worten: Die relative Stellung der Messer der Schneideinrichtung hat sich beim Übergang von der Biegestellung zur Umsetz-Stellung nicht verändert. Im normalen Biegebetrieb, der eine Axialbewegung des Biegekopfs von der Biegestellung zur Umsetz-Stellung gegebenenfalls mehrfach beinhaltet, ist die Schneideinrichtung somit praktisch vom Z-Antrieb entkoppelt.In the configuration of Fig. 4 If the bending head 180 is in a position with respect to the Z-axis for relocating the bending pin 186. This axial position is referred to as the relocating position. In this transfer position, the bending finger can be passed under the wire and thus the bending direction can be changed. It can be seen that the cam roller 230 has only moved linearly parallel to the bending head axis when changing from the bending position to the transfer position within the first section 165-1 of the groove cam 165. No pivoting movement was caused on the lever 160, so that the knives of the cutting device are still in the open position. In other words: the relative position of the knives of the cutting device has not changed during the transition from the bending position to the transfer position. In normal bending operation, which optionally includes an axial movement of the bending head from the bending position to the transfer position, the cutting device is practically decoupled from the Z-drive.

Ist der Biegevorgang abgeschlossen, nachdem alle am Werkstück vorgesehenen Biegeoperationen zur Herstellung des Biegeteils ausgeführt wurden, so kann die Schnittoperation eingeleitet werden. Hierzu wird der Biegekopf mittels des Z-Antriebs über die Umsetz-Stellung hinaus in die am weitesten zurückgezogene Stellung (Schnittstellung) zurückgefahren. Fig. 5 zeigt eine Situation, in der sich der Biegekopf bezüglich der Z-Achse in der dritten Stellung zum Schneiden des Werkstücks befindet. Auf der Verfahrstrecke von der Umsetz-Stellung zu der zurückgezogenen Stellung bewegt sich die Kurvenrolle 230 über den Übergangsabschnitt zwischen erstem Abschnitt 165-1 und zweitem Abschnitt 165-2 in den zweiten Abschnitt 165-2 hinein und dann entlang des zweiten Abschnitts. Aufgrund des schrägen Verlaufs des zweiten Abschnitts 165-2 wird der Hebel 160 während der Rückzugbewegung immer weiter nach außen umgeschwenkt, so dass das zweite Messer 154 sich relativ zum ersten Messer 152 in einer Schnittbewegung verschiebt und der Draht abgeschert wird. Wenn sich der Schnitthebel in der in Fig. 5 gezeigten, maximal ausgelenkten Stellung befindet, ist der Schneidvorgang komplett erfolgt.Once the bending process has been completed after all of the bending operations provided on the workpiece have been carried out to produce the bent part, the cutting operation can be initiated. For this purpose, the bending head is moved back to the most retracted position (cutting position) by means of the Z-drive. Fig. 5 shows a situation in which the bending head is in the third position with respect to the Z-axis for cutting the workpiece. On the travel path from the transfer position to the retracted position, the cam roller 230 moves over the transition section between the first section 165-1 and the second section 165-2 into the second section 165-2 and then along the second section. Due to the inclined course of the second section 165-2, the lever 160 is pivoted further and further outwards during the retraction movement, so that the second knife 154 is displaced relative to the first knife 152 in a cutting movement and the wire is sheared. When the cutting lever is in the in Fig. 5 is the maximum deflected position shown, the cutting process is complete.

Um ein weiteres Biegeteil zu erzeugen, muss der Biegekopf mittels der Z-Achse zwingend wieder nach oben, mindestens bis zur Umsetz-Stellung, verfahren werden, damit das bewegliche Messer die Öffnung des feststehenden Messers wieder freigibt.In order to produce another bending part, the bending head must be moved upwards again by means of the Z-axis, at least to the transfer position, so that the movable knife releases the opening of the fixed knife again.

Es ist ersichtlich, dass bei dieser Konstruktion der Biegekopf 180 zum Umsetzen des Biegewerkzeugs bezüglich seiner Z-Achse auf- und abgefahren werden kann, ohne dass sich der Hebel 160 (Schnitthebel) bewegt. Das Biegeteil kann gebogen werden, während sich der Biegekopf in diesem Bereich bewegt. Wenn der Biegevorgang beendet ist und das Biegeteil durch Betätigen der Schneideinrichtung 150 abgetrennt werden soll, bewegt sich der Biegekopf über die Umsetz-Stellung hinaus weiter nach unten, bis das Werkstück (der Draht) abgeschnitten ist. Das Biegeteil kann dann aus der Biegemaschine herausfallen. Das Herausfallen des Biegeteils wird durch die tiefere Stellung des Biegekopfs 180, also durch die sehr weit zurückgezogene Stellung des Biegekopfs, begünstigt, weil die Wahrscheinlichkeit, dass das Biegeteil am Biegekopf hängen bleibt, dadurch erheblich reduziert wird.It can be seen that with this construction the bending head 180 for relocating the bending tool can be moved up and down with respect to its Z-axis without the lever 160 (cutting lever) moving. The bending part can be bent while the bending head moves in this area. When the bending process is finished and the bent part is to be severed by actuating the cutting device 150, the bending head moves further downwards beyond the transfer position until the workpiece (the wire) is cut. The bending part can then fall out of the bending machine. The falling out of the bending part is favored by the lower position of the bending head 180, i.e. by the very far retracted position of the bending head, because the probability that the bending part will get stuck on the bending head is considerably reduced as a result.

Durch die Erfindung kann somit eine komplette Maschinenachse bzw. ein kompletter Maschinenantrieb für die Schneideinrichtung eingespart werden. Gleichzeitig ist die Bewegung der Z-Achse zum Umsetzen des Werkzeugs weiterhin möglich, ohne dass sich der Schnitthebel über die Ankopplung bewegt.The invention thus makes it possible to save a complete machine axis or a complete machine drive for the cutting device. At the same time, the Z-axis can still be moved to move the tool without the cutting lever moving over the coupling.

Claims (7)

  1. Method for producing a bent part from an elongate workpiece (110), in particular from a wire or a tube from round, flat, or profiled material, by means of a bending machine (100), wherein
    the workpiece (110) is fed to a bending unit of the bending machine, wherein the bending unit has a bending head (180) which by means of a Z-drive is displaceable in a manner parallel with a bending head axis (185) and has a bending tool (184) which by means of a bending drive is rotatable about a bending axis;
    a fed portion of the workpiece (110) by means of operating movements of the bending head is formed to a two-dimensionally or three-dimensionally bent bending part; and
    the finished bent part by means of a cutting installation (150) that is separate from the bending head is severed from the fed workpiece material in a cutting operation,
    characterized in that
    an operating movement of the bending head (180) in a manner parallel with the bending head axis (185) activates the cutting installation (150) by means of a transmission installation (250), wherein the cutting installation (150) is activated exclusively by an operating movement of the bending head (180) in a manner parallel with the bending head axis (185).
  2. Bending machine (100) for producing a bent part from an elongate workpiece (110), in particular from a wire or a tube from round, flat, or profiled workpiece material, having
    a bending unit which has a bending head (180) which by means of a Z-drive is displaceable in a manner parallel with a bending head axis (185) and has a bending tool (186) which by means of a bending drive (189) is rotatable about the bending axis, and
    a cutting installation (150) for severing a finished bending part from the fed workpiece in a cutting operation, said cutting installation (150) being separate from the bending head (180),
    characterized in that
    a movable component (160) of the cutting installation (150) for transmitting forces and moments is coupled to the Z-drive by means of a transmission installation (250) such that the cutting installation is activatable by way of the Z-drive,
    wherein the movable component (160) of the cutting installation (150) by means of the transmission installation (250) is coupled exclusively to the Z-drive such that the cutting installation is activatable exclusively by way of the Z-drive.
  3. Bending machine according to claim 2, characterized in that the movable component of the cutting installation is a lever (160) which is rotatable about a lever axis (162).
  4. Bending machine according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the transmission installation (250) is conceived in such a manner that a linear movement of the bending head (180) across a first stroke portion between a bending position and a relocating position does not cause any movement of the movable component (160) of the cutting installation (150) that is coupled to the Z-drive.
  5. Bending machine according to any of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that the transmission installation (250) has a control curve (165) which converts a uniform movement of the bending head (180) along the bending head axis (185) to a nonuniform movement of the movable component (160) of the cutting installation (150) that is coupled to the Z-drive.
  6. Bending machine according to claim 5, characterized in that the control curve (165) has a first curve portion (165-1) which is oriented in such a manner that a linear movement of the bending head (180) in a manner parallel with the bending head axis (185) across a first stroke portion between a bending position and a relocating position does not cause any movement of the movable component (160) of the cutting installation (150) that is coupled to the Z-drive, and in that a second curve portion (165-2) is contiguous to the first curve portion (165-1), said second curve portion (165-2) being oriented obliquely to the first curve portion in such a manner that a further linear movement of the bending head (180) in a manner parallel with the bending head axis (185) beyond the relocating position causes a movement of the movable component (160) of the cutting installation that is coupled to the Z-drive.
  7. Bending machine according to any of claims 2 to 6, characterized by a drawing-in installation for drawing off workpiece material from a material supply and for feeding the workpiece material to the bending unit, wherein the cutting installation (150) is disposed between the drawing-in installation and the bending head (185).
EP18733542.7A 2017-06-26 2018-06-14 Method for producing a bent part and bending machine for performing the method Active EP3645188B1 (en)

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EP3238850B1 (en) * 2016-04-27 2019-10-23 Advanced Orthodontic Solutions Wire bending machine
CN112157907B (en) * 2020-10-23 2022-08-26 湖北屹安医疗器械有限公司 Multi-nozzle high-speed 3D printing system
CN114643329B (en) * 2020-12-18 2023-09-08 航天科工惯性技术有限公司 Axial plug-in component lead shearing method and lead shearing tool
CN113458281B (en) * 2021-07-06 2023-01-13 深圳市豪锐科技有限公司 Forming machine for semiconductor integrated processing

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AT368724B (en) * 1976-05-28 1982-11-10 Hufnagl & Co Rista Draht BENDING MACHINE FOR WIRE
AT378700B (en) * 1983-04-18 1985-09-10 Bucher Franz BENDING MACHINE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF EXTENDED, ANGLED REINFORCING BARS FROM REINFORCED WIRE
DE3546449A1 (en) * 1985-03-12 1986-09-25 Alpha Maschinenbau AG, Zürich Bending apparatus
FR2749199A1 (en) * 1996-06-03 1997-12-05 Faure Bertrand Equipements Sa Machine for bending metal wires in a predetermined configuration
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GR1004760B (en) * 2003-11-26 2004-12-16 "���������������������������������-������������������������������"�����.�.�"���������.�."�� Four-direction concrete iron rod-bending mechanism capable of cutting the front and rear extremity of same rod
EP1591174B1 (en) * 2004-03-26 2008-05-28 WAFIOS Aktiengesellschaft Bending device for bar and tube-shaped workpieces
FR2921426B1 (en) 2007-09-20 2014-02-14 Renault Sas METHOD FOR DIAGNOSING THE EXCHANGER DERIVATION FLAP IN AN EXHAUST GAS RECIRCULATION SYSTEM
DE102009024075B4 (en) * 2009-06-05 2012-11-29 Wafios Ag Bending device for rod-shaped workpieces
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CN105436355B (en) * 2015-12-18 2018-09-07 冯广建 A kind of wire rod automatic segmentation cuts bending forming machine

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US11179760B2 (en) 2021-11-23
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