EP3642301B1 - Farbstoffhaltige fluoreszente polymere nanopartikel als nano-antenne - Google Patents

Farbstoffhaltige fluoreszente polymere nanopartikel als nano-antenne Download PDF

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EP3642301B1
EP3642301B1 EP18734170.6A EP18734170A EP3642301B1 EP 3642301 B1 EP3642301 B1 EP 3642301B1 EP 18734170 A EP18734170 A EP 18734170A EP 3642301 B1 EP3642301 B1 EP 3642301B1
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polymer
acceptor
salt
dye
energy
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EP3642301A1 (de
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Andrey Klymchenko
Kateryna TROFYMCHUK
Andr as REISCH
Bohdan ANDREIUK
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS
Universite de Strasbourg
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Universite de Strasbourg
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
    • G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
    • G01N21/64—Fluorescence; Phosphorescence
    • G01N21/6428—Measuring fluorescence of fluorescent products of reactions or of fluorochrome labelled reactive substances, e.g. measuring quenching effects, using measuring "optrodes"
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K49/00—Preparations for testing in vivo
    • A61K49/001—Preparation for luminescence or biological staining
    • A61K49/0013—Luminescence
    • A61K49/0017—Fluorescence in vivo
    • A61K49/0019—Fluorescence in vivo characterised by the fluorescent group, e.g. oligomeric, polymeric or dendritic molecules
    • A61K49/0021—Fluorescence in vivo characterised by the fluorescent group, e.g. oligomeric, polymeric or dendritic molecules the fluorescent group being a small organic molecule
    • A61K49/0032—Methine dyes, e.g. cyanine dyes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K49/00—Preparations for testing in vivo
    • A61K49/001—Preparation for luminescence or biological staining
    • A61K49/0013—Luminescence
    • A61K49/0017—Fluorescence in vivo
    • A61K49/0019—Fluorescence in vivo characterised by the fluorescent group, e.g. oligomeric, polymeric or dendritic molecules
    • A61K49/0021—Fluorescence in vivo characterised by the fluorescent group, e.g. oligomeric, polymeric or dendritic molecules the fluorescent group being a small organic molecule
    • A61K49/0041—Xanthene dyes, used in vivo, e.g. administered to a mice, e.g. rhodamines, rose Bengal
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K49/00—Preparations for testing in vivo
    • A61K49/001—Preparation for luminescence or biological staining
    • A61K49/0063—Preparation for luminescence or biological staining characterised by a special physical or galenical form, e.g. emulsions, microspheres
    • A61K49/0069—Preparation for luminescence or biological staining characterised by a special physical or galenical form, e.g. emulsions, microspheres the agent being in a particular physical galenical form
    • A61K49/0089—Particulate, powder, adsorbate, bead, sphere
    • A61K49/0091—Microparticle, microcapsule, microbubble, microsphere, microbead, i.e. having a size or diameter higher or equal to 1 micrometer
    • A61K49/0093—Nanoparticle, nanocapsule, nanobubble, nanosphere, nanobead, i.e. having a size or diameter smaller than 1 micrometer, e.g. polymeric nanoparticle
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
    • C09B11/00—Diaryl- or thriarylmethane dyes
    • C09B11/04—Diaryl- or thriarylmethane dyes derived from triarylmethanes, i.e. central C-atom is substituted by amino, cyano, alkyl
    • C09B11/10—Amino derivatives of triarylmethanes
    • C09B11/24—Phthaleins containing amino groups ; Phthalanes; Fluoranes; Phthalides; Rhodamine dyes; Phthaleins having heterocyclic aryl rings; Lactone or lactame forms of triarylmethane dyes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
    • C09B67/00—Influencing the physical, e.g. the dyeing or printing properties of dyestuffs without chemical reactions, e.g. by treating with solvents grinding or grinding assistants, coating of pigments or dyes; Process features in the making of dyestuff preparations; Dyestuff preparations of a special physical nature, e.g. tablets, films
    • C09B67/0097—Dye preparations of special physical nature; Tablets, films, extrusion, microcapsules, sheets, pads, bags with dyes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
    • C09K11/02—Use of particular materials as binders, particle coatings or suspension media therefor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
    • C09K11/06—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing organic luminescent materials
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
    • G01N33/58—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving labelled substances
    • G01N33/582—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving labelled substances with fluorescent label
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
    • G01N33/58—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving labelled substances
    • G01N33/585—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving labelled substances with a particulate label, e.g. coloured latex
    • G01N33/587—Nanoparticles
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K2211/00—Chemical nature of organic luminescent or tenebrescent compounds
    • C09K2211/10—Non-macromolecular compounds
    • C09K2211/1018—Heterocyclic compounds
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
    • G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
    • G01N21/64—Fluorescence; Phosphorescence
    • G01N21/6428—Measuring fluorescence of fluorescent products of reactions or of fluorochrome labelled reactive substances, e.g. measuring quenching effects, using measuring "optrodes"
    • G01N2021/6439—Measuring fluorescence of fluorescent products of reactions or of fluorochrome labelled reactive substances, e.g. measuring quenching effects, using measuring "optrodes" with indicators, stains, dyes, tags, labels, marks
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
    • G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
    • G01N21/64—Fluorescence; Phosphorescence

Definitions

  • the present invention concerns dye-loaded fluorescent polymeric nanoparticles working as nano-antenna.
  • Detection of single fluorescent molecules requires a dedicated microscopy setup with strong excitation power ranging between 100 and up to 5000 W/cm 2 because the brightness of fluorescent dyes is limited ( Holzmeister, P.; Acuna, G. P.; Grohmann, D.; Tinnefeld, P. Chemical Society Reviews 2014, 43, (4), 1014-1028 .).
  • strong excitation power would increase photodamage and the background related to auto-fluorescence, and need special microscopy setups and powerful light source.
  • the use of much lower excitation power would not only decrease photo-damage and auto-fluorescence background, but also enable utilization of inexpensive light sources important for high-throughput screening and diagnostics assays.
  • NPs fluorescent nanoparticles
  • the typical light power of sunlight at the surface of the earth at a bandwidth of 10 nm in a visible range is 1-5 mW/cm 2 , which is similar to the illumination power used in fluorimeters or plate readers. This power is 10 4 -10 6 times lower than those typically used in single molecule microscopy.
  • plasmonic nano-antennas which can amplify the excitation and emission of single molecules ( Novotny, L.; van Hulst, N. Nat. Photonics 2011, 5, (2), 83-90 .).
  • the amplification is achieved due to surface plasmon effects, which requires precise control of antenna geometry and the distance from the emitter to the metal surface.
  • an amplification of up to 100-fold could be achieved ( Acuna, G. P.; Möller, F. M.; Holzmeister, P.; Beater, S.; Lalkens, B.; Tinnefeld, P. Science 2012, 338, (6106), 506-510 .).
  • a high performance non-quenched fluorophore such as cyanine 5 or Alexa567.
  • FRET Förster Resonance Energy transfer
  • NPs fluorescent nanoparticles
  • Said NPs contain rhodamine dyes as FRET energy donor which is assembled with the help of fluorinated counterion and a cyanine-derivative (C2-cy5) as FRET energy acceptor.
  • C2-cy5 cyanine-derivative
  • the nanoparticles used were composed exclusively of dyes without polymer matrix.
  • these NPs could not produce enough high antenna effect to make energy acceptor be excited under ambient light conditions, since these NPs can only contain no more than 400 rhodamine dyes.
  • One subject-matter of the present invention concerns a dye-loaded fluorescent polymeric nanoparticle as nano-antenna, said nanoparticle comprising:
  • die-loaded fluorescent polymeric nanoparticle is meant to a polymeric nanoparticle wherein fluorescent dyes are loaded in the matrix or on the surface of the nanoparticle.
  • nano-antenna is meant here to a nanoparticle that can transfer effectively excitation energy of light from a large number of energy donors to few energy acceptors within the nanoparticle and, therefore, can amplify the emission of the acceptor.
  • the NPs of the present invention generate unprecedented 1000-fold amplification (antenna effect) of a single cyanine 5 derivative (DiD) acceptor emission when it is located inside the particles.
  • a cyanine 5 derivative (Cy5-C2) is located at the particle surface, the antenna effect of the NP is still more than 200 (i.e. >200-fold amplification of emission of a single cyanine 5 derivative, Cy5-C2), which have never been reached before by a known NP having energy acceptor on the particle surface.
  • NPs nanoparticles
  • the unique efficiency of nanoparticles (NPs) of the present invention relies on two key factors.
  • the first one is the high quantum yield of 1000 to 50000 energy donors encapsulated within the polymer, which ensures that a large part of the excitation energy is delivered to the acceptor with minimal energy loss.
  • the second factor is the exceptionally fast excitation energy migration within the encapsulated energy donors on the time scale less than 30 fs, which ensures efficient delivery of the excitation energy to single accepters from thousands of donors through distances beyond the Förster radius.
  • amplification factor of the acceptor emission which is measured from the excitation spectra, recorded at the emission wavelength of the acceptor, and is expressed as the ratio of the maximal excitation intensity of the donor to that of the acceptor with appropriate correction.
  • the polymer contained in the nanoparticles of the invention provides a physical structure support and a matrix in which the energy donors and eventually the energy acceptors are encapsulated.
  • polymethacrylate as used herein, means a polymer of salt or ester of polymethacrylic acid, which monomer can be represented by the formula -[(ROCO)C(Me)CH 2 ]-, wherein R is a hydrogen, an (C 1 -C 5 )alkyl, a cationic or a anionic group.
  • examples of polymethacrylates include, but are not limited to, poly(methyl methacrylate), poly(ethyl methacrylate), poly(butyl methacrylate).
  • a derivative of polymethacrylate means a polymethacrylate bearing one or more substitutions on its side chain. Said substitution can be an aliphatic group, hydrogen, aromatic group, an anionic or cationic group.
  • Examples of derivative of polymethacrylate are poly(methyl methacrylate-co-methacrylic acid) (PMMA-MA), poly(methyl methacrylate-co-2-methacrylamidoethanesulfonic acid) (PMMA-SO3).
  • polystyrene as used herein, means an aromatic polymer synthetized from the monomer which is styrene, or a derivative of styrene.
  • a derivative of polystyrene means a polystyrene bearing one or more substitutions on its side chain.
  • Said substitution can be an anion, such as a sulfonate, phosphate, phosphonate, phosphoryl, and carboxyl, or a cation, such as a quaternary ammonium, or a tertiary ammonium.
  • Examples of derivative of polystyrene can be polystyrene sulfonates, polystyrene phosphonate, carboxypolystyrene.
  • aliphatic polyester means a group of aliphatic polymers containing ester functional group in the repeat units of main chain.
  • Examples of aliphatic polyesters can be cited as, but are not limited to, polycaprolactone (PCL), poly(lactic acid) (PLA), poly(glycolic acid) (PGA), poly(lactide co-glycolide) (PLGA).
  • the polymer used in the present invention can also be a copolymer of one of the aforementioned polymer with polyethylene glycol or with charged monomer, that is to say a polymer obtained by copolymerisation of a monomer of an aforementioned polymer with the monomer of ethylene glycol, or a charged monomer.
  • charged monomer is referred to an organic molecule used for polymerization, which bears charged group, such as quaternary ammonium, carboxylate or sulfonate.
  • the polymer comprised in the nanoparticles is chosen from polycaprolactone, poly(lactic acid), poly(glycolic acid), poly(Lactide-co-Glycolide), poly(methyl methacrylate), poly(methyl methacrylate-co-methacrylic acid), and poly (Lactide-co-Glycolide-co-PEG).
  • the polymer is chosen from polycaprolactone, poly(methyl methacrylate), poly(methyl methacrylate-co-methacrylic acid), and poly (Lactide-co-Glycolide-co-PEG).
  • the polymer is poly(methyl methacrylate-co-methacrylic acid) (PMMA-MA) having molecular weight in the range from 10000 to 300000 and containing from 1 to 5% by weight of methacrylic acid.
  • PMMA-MA poly(methyl methacrylate-co-methacrylic acid)
  • the energy donor is encapsulated in the matrix of the polymer.
  • encapsulated is meant to enclose an energy donor inside the matrix of polymer.
  • the content of energy donor in a nanoparticle of the invention is from 5 to 50 % by weight of the polymer, preferably from 10 to 30 % by weight of the polymer.
  • content of energy donor in a nanoparticle of the present invention is from 50 to 700 mmol/kg, in particular from 50 to 300 mmol/kg, more in particular 150-200 mmol/kg with respect to the total mass of the nanoparticles.
  • the number of energy donor per nanoparticle is from 1000 to 50000, particularly from 2000 to 10000.
  • the diameter of the nanoparticles of the present invention is varied from 10 nm to 150 nm, preferably in the range from 20 nm to 140 nm, from 30 nm to 130 nm, more preferably in the range from 25 to 70 nm, or more preferably in the range from 90 nm to 110 nm. Nanoparticle's diameter can be measured according to a conventional method by electron microscopy.
  • the energy donor is a salt of a rhodamine of formula (I) with bulky fluorinated anions.
  • (C 1 -C 8 ) alkyl group means a saturated straight or branched hydrocarbon chain containing from 1 to 8 carbons.
  • Representative examples of (C 1 -C 8 )alkyl include, but are not limited to, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, iso-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, n-hexyl, 3-methylhexyl, 2,2-dimethylpentyl, 2,3-dimethylpentyl, n-heptyl, n-octyl.
  • (C 1 -C 24 ) alkyl group is referred to a saturated straight or branched hydrocarbon chain containing from 1 to 24 carbons.
  • Examples of (C 1 -C 24 ) alkyl group can be, but are not limited to, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, iso-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, n-hexyl, 3-methylhexyl, 2,2-dimethylpentyl, 2,3-dimethylpentyl, n-heptyl, n-octyl, n-nonyl, n-decyl, n-undecyl, n-docenyl, n-tridecyl, n-tetradecyl, n-pentadecyl, methyl
  • the rhodamine used in the present invention is rhodamine B octadecyl ester of formula (Ia) hereafter.
  • the energy donor is a salt of a cyanine derivative of formula (II) with bulky fluorinated anions.
  • a compound of formula (IIa), wherein n 1, corresponds to a Cy3 dye.
  • Cy3 dye is 1,1'-Dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'-Tetramethylindocarbocyanine (DiI).
  • a compound of formula (IIa), wherein n 2, corresponds to a Cy5 dye.
  • Cy5 dye is 1,1'-Dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'-Tetramethylindodicarbocyanine (DiD).
  • a compound of formula (IIa), wherein n 3, corresponds to a Cy7 dye.
  • Cy7 dye is 1,1'-Dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'-Tetramethylindotricarbocyanine (DiR).
  • a compound of formula (IIb), wherein n 1, corresponds to a Cy3.5 dye.
  • Cy3.5 dye is 1,1'-Dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'-Tetramethylbenzindocarbocyanine.
  • a compound of formula (IIb), wherein n 2, corresponds to a Cy5.5 dye.
  • 1,1'-Dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'-Tetramethylbenzindodicarbocyanine is an example of Cy5.5.
  • a compound of formula (IIb), wherein n 3, corresponds to a Cy7.5 dye.
  • 1,1'-Dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'-Tetramethylbenzindotricarbocyanine is an example of Cy7.5.
  • a rhodamine of formula (I) or a cyanine derivative of formula (II) respectively described above works as energy donor dye, which can be excited by an initial illumination source.
  • bulk fluorinated anions as used herein is a large organic anion bearing aromatic and/or aliphatic fluorinated residues. Said bulky fluorinated anions work not only as counterion in energy donor but also as a spacer between the donor dyes that, on one hand, prevents their aggregation and self-quenching and, on the other hand, brings the energy donor dyes in very close proximity to enable ultrafast diffusion of excitation energy with minimal loss.
  • the bulky fluorinated anion is chosen from tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate (F5-TPB), tetrakis[3,5-bis-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]borate (F6-TPB), tetrakis[3,5-bis-(1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-methoxy-2-propyl)phenyl]borate (F12-TPB) and tetrakis[perfluoro-tert-butoxy]aluminate (F9-AI).
  • F5-TPB tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate
  • F6-TPB tetrakis[3,5-bis-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]borate
  • F12-TPB tetrakis[3,5-bis-(1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-methoxy-2-propyl)phenyl
  • the energy acceptor can either be encapsulated inside the matrix of the polymer or linked to the polymer by a covalent bond or adsorbed on the surface of polymer.
  • the content of the energy acceptor is from 0.001 to 0.04 % by weight of the polymer, preferably from 0.002 to 0.02% by weight of the polymer.
  • the ratio between energy acceptor and energy donor contained in a nanoparticle is from 1:1000 to 1:50000, preferable from 1:1000 to 1:10000.
  • a nanoparticle of the present invention harvests energy from a huge number of energy donors to a single energy acceptor and consequently amplifies the fluorescence emission of the energy acceptor.
  • said energy acceptor is a salt of a cyanine derivative of formula (II) defined above with a counterion.
  • Said cyanine derivative works as an energy acceptor dye, which can be excited by the donor dyes of the same nanoparticle.
  • the energy donor dye when the energy donor dye is a cyanine derivative of formula (II), the energy acceptor dye is another different cyanine derivative of formula (II).
  • the rule to choose two compatible cyanine derivatives is that the emission spectrum of the donor dye should overlap the absorption spectrum of the acceptor dye.
  • a counterion of the energy acceptor dye is an inorganic anion chosen from chloride, bromide, iodide, perchlorate, sulfonate, nitrate, tosylate, or an organic anion chosen from tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate (F5-TPB), tetrakis[3,5-bis-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]borate (F6-TPB), tetrakis[3,5-bis-(1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-methoxy-2-propyl)phenyl]borate (F12-TPB) and tetrakis[perfluorotert-butoxy]aluminate (F9-AI).
  • inorganic anion chosen from chloride, bromide, iodide, perchlorate, sulfonate, nitrate, tosylate
  • organic anion chosen from tetrakis
  • the preferred energy donor is chosen from a salt of rhodamine B octadecyl ester, Cy3, Cy5, Cy3.5, or Cy5.5 with an above-mentioned bulky fluorinated anions.
  • the preferred energy acceptor is chosen from a salt of Cy5, Cy5.5, Cy7, Cy 7.5 with an above-mentioned anion.
  • the energy donor is chosen from a salt of rhodamine B octadecyl ester, DiI, DiD, Cy3.5, or Cy5.5 with F5-TPB anion.
  • the preferred energy acceptor is chosen from a salt of DiD, Cy5.5, Cy7, or Cy7.5 with F5-TPB anion.
  • the nanoparticles of the present invention are poly(methyl methacrylate-co-methacrylic acid) based fluorescent nanoparticles, said nanoparticle comprising:
  • the nanoparticles of the present invention are poly(methyl methacrylate-co-methacrylic acid) based fluorescent nanoparticles, said nanoparticle comprising:
  • the fluorescent nanoparticles of the present invention can be excited by a power density from 1 to 1000 mW/cm 2 , preferably 5 - 30 mW/cm 2 , at 530 nm with up to 50 nm bandwidth.
  • This excitation power density is similar to that under ambient light conditions and is 10 to 10000 fold lower than required in single fluorescent molecule measurements.
  • the nanoparticles of the present invention enable detection of single fluorescent molecule (FRET acceptor dye) using simple sCMOS-camera-based imaging setup under ambient sunlight-like conditions, which opens the ways to single molecule photography.
  • FRET acceptor dye single fluorescent molecule
  • the surface of nanoparticles of the present invention is modified to increase the stabilization of the nanoparticles in biological media or for implementing specific interactions with biological targets.
  • the surface modification can be carried out through the adsorption of a polymeric or lipidic amphiphile bearing at least one polyethylene glycol chain or zwitterionic groups.
  • polymeric amphiphile examples include poloxamers, polysorbates, and 1, 2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-Poly(ethylene glycol).
  • zwitterionic group means a neutral group with both positive and negative electrical charge.
  • zwitterionic groups include, but are not limited to, alkyl-dimethylammoniumpropane sulfonate.
  • the surface of said nanoparticle can also be covalently modified by polyethylene glycol or zwitterionic groups.
  • Another subject-matter of the present invention concerns a method for producing an aforementioned polymer-based fluorescent nanoparticle, with an energy acceptor and an energy donor encapsulated inside the nanoparticle.
  • Said method comprises the following steps:
  • the water-miscible solvent can be, for example, acetonitrile, acetone, dioaxane, tetrahydrofurane, dimethylformamide.
  • the concentration of said polymer in said water-miscible solvent can be determined according to the nature and the solubility of said polymer in said solvent, for example, in the range from 0.1 to 20 mg/ml of solvent, preferable, 1.2 mg/ml of solvent.
  • the aqueous buffer can be any conventional basic, neutral or weakly acidic buffer, such as phosphate buffer.
  • concentration of said buffer can be determined according to the desired pH value. For example, when phosphate buffer is used, its concentration can be in the range from 1 to 50 mM; the pH of this buffer can be from 9.0 to 5.8.
  • the pH value of said aqueous buffer determines the size of nanoparticles obtained after nanoprecipitation: lower pH leads to larger size of particles.
  • Another subject-matter of the present invention concerns a method for producing an aforementioned polymer-based fluorescent nanoparticle with an energy acceptor absorbed at the nanoparticle surface and an energy donor encapsulated inside the nanoparticle.
  • Said method comprises the following steps:
  • the concentration of the polymer in the water-miscible solvent solution of the polymer can be in the range from at 0.1-5 mg/ml, preferably, 1-2 mg/ml.
  • the aqueous buffer can be any conventional basic or weak acidic buffer, such as phosphate buffer.
  • the aqueous buffer concentration can be in the range from 1 to 50 mM.
  • a polymer-based fluorescent nanoparticle of the present invention can be used as nano-antenna to amplify the fluorescence emission of a single energy acceptor dye. Therefore, the emission of the acceptor dye can be much brighter than that of classical dyes or nanoparticles excited at the same conditions.
  • single Cy5 energy acceptor inside a nano-antenna of the invention is 25-fold brighter than QD655 at 532 nm excitation.
  • the NPs of the invention can be used for in vitro or in vivo detecting non-labeled biomolecules, which can be targeted by the NPs of the invention.
  • the NPs of the invention can be used for detecting biomolecular markers of certain diseases.
  • the recognition between a biomolecule and a NP of the invention can be carried out, for example, through a ligand bound to the NP which can be recognized by the biomolecule through a domain of said biomolecule or a complementary ligand born by the biomolecule.
  • Said ligand and its complementary ligand can be an antigen and an antibody, the biotin and the strepatvidine, two complementary DNA, a DNA or a peptide aptamer and its molecular target.
  • the presence of said biomolecule in a sample can be indicated by appearance of a fluorescent signal in acceptor emission channel.
  • a nanoparticle of the invention bearing the energy acceptor on its surface can be used for detecting non-labeled biomolecules in "signal off” mode.
  • this biomolecule after being recognized by the particle will displace the acceptor from the surface.
  • the ligands born by the NPs are bound to the energy acceptor located on the surface of NPs.
  • the binding force between the biomolecule of interest and the ligand will remove the acceptor located at the NPs surface and thus will stop energy transfer from energy donors encapsulated in the NPs to the energy acceptor on the surface of NPs.
  • the presence of biomolecules of interest will be detected by increase of energy donor emission and decrease of acceptor emission.
  • the NPs of the invention can carry out single-molecule and single-particle tracking, which can be used for imaging single biomolecule in living cells.
  • the NPs of the present invention can also be used in in vivo imaging.
  • the NPs can be administrated in blood circulation for monitoring cardiovascular system or in tumor for following drug delivery.
  • a method for in vitro fluorescent detection of a biomolecular marker of diseases in a sample, with amplification due to nanoparticle antenna effect comprises the step of :
  • donor-acceptor energy transfer will be modified, resulting in an amplified response of the large ensemble of donors within the nano-antenna. For example, when one biomolecule disrupts donor-acceptor energy transfer, the emission of >100 donors in the nanoparticle would increase, whereas the amplified emission of the acceptor would decrease.
  • Sodium phosphate monobasic (>99.0%, Sigma-Aldrich) and sodium phosphate dibasic dihydrate (>99.0%, Sigma-Aldrich) were used to prepare 20 mM phosphate buffers at pH 5.8-9.0. Milli-Q water (Millipore) was used in all experiments.
  • Rhodamine B Octadecyl Ester Tetrakis(penta-fluorophenyl)borate (R18/F5) was synthesized by ion exchange and purified by column chromatography as described by Holzmeister et al. ( Holzmeister, P.; Acuna, G. P.; Grohmann, D.; Tinnefeld, P. Chemical Society Reviews 2014, 43, (4), 1014-1028 ). 1,1'-Diethyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethylindodicarbocyanine iodide (Cy5-C2) was synthesized as described by Pisoni et al. ( Pisoni D. S.;Todeschini L.;Borges A. C. A. ;Petzhold C. L.; Rodembusch F. S.; Campo L. F.;J. Org. Chem. 2014, 79, 5511 .)
  • Nanoparticle Preparation Stock solutions of the polymer in acetonitrile were prepared at a concentration 2 mg mL -1 containing different amount of R18/F5-TPB (0.1 to 30 wt % relative to the polymer). 50 ⁇ L of the polymer solutions were then added quickly using a micropipette and under shaking (Thermomixer comfort, Eppendorf, 1000 rpm) to 450 ⁇ L of 20 mM phosphate at 21°C. The particle solution was then quickly diluted 5-fold with the phosphate buffer 20 mM, pH7.4.
  • Nanoparticle characterization Measurements for the determination of the size of nanoparticles were performed on a Zetasizer Nano ZSP (Malvern Instruments S.A.). The mean value of the diameter of the size distribution per volume was used for analysis. Absorption spectra were recorded on a Cary 4000 scan UV-visible spectrophotometer (Varian), excitation and emission spectra were recorded on a FluoroMax-4 spectrofluorometer (Horiba Jobin Yvon) equipped with a thermostated cell compartment. For standard recording of fluorescence spectra, the excitation wavelength was set to 530 nm. The fluorescence spectra were corrected for detector response and lamp fluctuations.
  • E FRET 1 ⁇ I D ⁇ A I D , where I D is the integral donor intensity and I D-A the integral intensity of the donor in the presence of the acceptor.
  • Measurement of fluorescence anisotropy was performed at 20°C with a Fluorolog spectrofluorometer (Horiba Jobin Yvon). Excitation wavelength was set to 530 nm and detection to 585 nm. Each measurement of the anisotropy value corresponds to an average over 10 subsequent measurements of 0.1 s each.
  • the excitation wavelength was 620 nm and emission wavelength 655 nm.
  • the emission wavelength was set to 700 nm. These spectra were corrected for the lamp intensity.
  • I D ⁇ FRET ex and I A ⁇ FRET ex are the maximal excitation intensities of donor and acceptor in FRET NPs, respectively;
  • I D ex and I A ex are the excitation intensities at the wavelengths of excitation maximum of donor and acceptor in NPs without acceptors, respectively;
  • AE (n D ⁇ D ⁇ E)/(n A ⁇ A ), where nD and nA are the numbers of donors and acceptors, respectively, per particle, ⁇ D and ⁇ A are the extinction coefficients of donors and acceptors, respectively, and E is the FRET efficiency.
  • the anisotropy decay was calculated using the following relation ⁇ T / / T / / ⁇ ⁇ T ⁇ T ⁇ ⁇ T / / T / + 2 ⁇ T ⁇ T ⁇ , where // and ⁇ denotes for a probe beam with a linear polarization parallel and perpendicular with respect to the linear polarization of the pump beam.
  • the decay curves were fitted with a bi-exponential function and the analysis took into account the laser pulse duration.
  • TEM Transmission electron microscopy
  • Five microliters of the particles solution were deposited onto carbon-coated copper-rhodium electron microscopy grids that were used either as obtained or following an air or amylamine glowdischarge.
  • the grids were then treated for 1 min with a 2% uranyl acetate solution for staining. They were then observed with a Philips CM120 transmission electron microscope equipped with a LaB6 filament and operating at 100 kV. Areas covered with nanoparticles of interest were recorded at different magnifications on a Peltier cooled CCD camera (Model 794, Gatan, Desion, CA). Image analysis was performed using the Fiji software.
  • NPs Fluorescence Microscopy.
  • PEI polyethylenimine
  • the solutions of NPs were diluted 5000, 2000, 1000 and 500 times for NPs30, NPs45, NPs60, NPs65 and NPs110 correspondingly. 400 ⁇ L of these solutions per cm 2 were then brought in contact with the PEI covered glass for 15 min, followed by extensive rinsing with Milli-Q-water. The surfaces were left in Milli-Q water during microscopy.
  • TIRF Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence
  • a 532 nm diode laser (Cobolt Samba 100) and a 642 nm diode laser (Spectra-Physics Excelsior 635) were used to excite the samples.
  • the 532 nm laser intensity was set to 1mW/cm 2 - 100mW/cm 2 by using a polarizer and a half-wave plate (532 nm).
  • the 642 nm laser was used with intensity 0.1kW/cm 2 .
  • the fluorescence signal was recorded with an EMCCD (ImagEM Hamamatsu) (0.106 ⁇ m pixel size) using an open source Micro-Manager software.
  • the exposure time was set to 30.53 msec per image frame.
  • the sunlight power density (24 mW cm -2 ) was recorded at midday on 19 October, 2016, France region, using Handheld Laser Power Meter, 1917-R and Semrock band-pass filter 527 nm (50 nm bandwidth).
  • the artificial white light mimicking sunlight was provided by a Cold light source from Zeiss, type KL 1500 LCD. The sample was illuminated from the top ⁇ 2 cm from the divergent light source output through the same 527-nm filter, which corresponded to 15 mW cm -2 power density at the sample.
  • Donor channel was recorded through a 600-nm band-pass filter (50 nm bandwidth, Semrock), while the acceptor channel used 647-nm long-pass filter (Semrock). Data were recorded and analyzed using NIS Elements and Fiji software, respectively.
  • a FRET acceptor is introduced into the NPs by nano-precipitating polymer together with donors and accepter in phosphate buffer.
  • the chosen acceptor in this experience is the lipophilic cyanine 5 derivative DiD. It is a perfect energy acceptor for rhodamine B with very good spectral overlap, and its two hydrophobic octadecyl chains should ensure efficient encapsulation inside polymer matrix. Being encapsulated at 0.02 wt%, DiD displayed a high fluorescence quantum yield of 77 ⁇ 4%, so that the nanoparticle of the invention is tested on a highly emissive acceptor.
  • NPs are prepared with a constant concentration of the acceptor (0.004 wt%) and varied the concentration of the donor (0.1-30 wt%).
  • Theoretical prediction assuming no donor-donor communication (no EET), suggested negligibly low FRET efficiency (4-6%) for 0.004 wt% acceptor independently from the donor loading ( Figure 2e ).
  • the results of the invention show that the increase in the donor loading produces a significant growth in the FRET efficiency ( Figure 2e ) and an increase in the acceptor relative intensity. Together with fluorescence anisotropy data, this efficient FRET is clearly a result of fast EET that delivers energy from thousands of donors to a single acceptor ( Figure 2a-c ).
  • NPs of the invention behave like light-harvesting nano-antenna.
  • AE antenna effect
  • the excitation spectra of the donor and acceptor at the emission wavelength of the acceptor (700 nm) are recorded.
  • AE is measured as the ratio of the maximal excitation intensity of the donor to that of the acceptor with correction from the emission of the donor dyes in the acceptor channel, as described in Materials and Methods.
  • the influence of the size of 30 wt% dye-loaded NPs on the nanoparticles performance is further investigated. Due to the strong effect of polymer charge on the size of obtained NPs, the pH of the phosphate buffer used in nanoprecipitation are varied, which could change the protonation state of the carboxylate in PMMA-MA polymer. Based on DLS measurements, a decrease in pH from 9.0 and 5.8 produces an increase in NP size from 30 to 230 nm, while preserving a good polydispersity (Table 2). TEM confirmed the increase in NPs size with decrease in pH of buffer, but revealed that the sizes of NPs were smaller, in the range of 30-67 nm for pH range from 9.0 to 6.5.
  • NPs30 9.0 36 ⁇ 1 29 ⁇ 1 0.31 ⁇ 0.04 0.001 1700 1 1 NPs45 7.4 67 ⁇ 2 44 ⁇ 2 0.30 ⁇ 0.03 0.0028 5900 3 5 NPs60 6.7 105 ⁇ 5 58 ⁇ 2 0.28 ⁇ 0.03 0.0025 13000 7 12 NPs67 6.5 144 ⁇ 6 63 ⁇ 4 0.27 ⁇ 0.03 0.0024 17000 9 20 NPs107 5.8 231 ⁇ 16 113 ⁇ 6 0.29 ⁇ 0.03 0.0029 99000 54 31 a After preparation, NPs were diluted in pH 7.4 buffer.
  • the QY of 30 wt% dye-loaded NPs remained high (0.27-0.31, Table 2).
  • the single particle brightness increased with size ( Figure 3b ), so that the largest NPs (NPs110) were 31 times as bright as the smallest ones (NPs30) (Table 2).
  • the experimental brightness correlates well with the estimations based on QY and the size of NPs measured by TEM (Table 2).
  • the anisotropy values are close to zero for all particles sizes (Table 2), indicating that EET is efficient in all these systems.
  • nanoparticles of different size containing 30 wt% of R18/F5-TPB donors with varied amount of acceptor corresponding to donor/acceptor ratio 1000 and 10000 (0.02 and 0.002 wt%, respectively) are prepared.
  • an increase in the NP size increases the contribution of the acceptor emission ( Figure 4a ) and the FRET efficiency ( Figure 4b ).
  • the larger antennas transfer the energy more efficiently to the acceptor.
  • the antenna effect also increases with NP size, especially for NPs with donor/acceptor ratio of 10000 ( Figure 4b ).
  • nano-antennas of the invention can strongly amplify the acceptor emission also at their surface, although the antenna effect is weaker than for the acceptor inside NPs.
  • the amplification of the acceptor emission at the surface is of key importance for obtaining FRET-based fluorescent probes for detection of biomolecules.
  • the nanoparticles of invention are immobilized on the glass surface and imaged them by wide-field TIRF microscopy.
  • the control NPs without acceptors appear as bright spots at the donor channel and as dim spots at the acceptor channel.
  • the emission in the acceptor channel becomes comparable or brighter than that in the donor channel ( Figure 5a ). This result shows that inside the nanoparticles, the emission of 1-2 acceptors is comparable to the emission of thousands of donor dyes.
  • the acceptor intensity under excitation through FRET at 532 nm is compared to that obtained by direct excitation with a 642 nm laser.
  • the excitation through nanoparticles NPs60 at 532 nm required ⁇ 1000-fold lower laser power than direct excitation of the acceptor at 642 nm ( Figure 5b ).
  • equation (1) it is found that the amplification factor increased with the particle size ( Figure 5c ).
  • NPs60 we obtained a ⁇ 1040 ⁇ 100-fold amplification factor, which is in good agreement with the antenna effect measured from the excitation spectra.
  • the brightness of 1-2 acceptors inside NPs60 is 25-times higher than that of a QD655 excited at 532 nm with the same power ( Figure 5b ).
  • NPs of the invention enable detection of single molecules using a simple microscopy setup is tested by the excitation provided by directly shining light on the sample at powers equivalent to sunlight.
  • an artificial white light source providing 15 mW cm -2 through the same filter is used.
  • the fluorescence of immobilized NPs60 nanoparticles with ⁇ 1.5 Cy5 dyes is collected using either 20x air or 60x oil immersion objective and detected using sCMOS camera ( Figure 5e ). These NPs displayed significant acceptor emission in contrast to control NPs without acceptor ( Figure 5f ).
  • the former NPs lost the acceptor emission, probably due to acceptor bleaching, and became similar to the control NPs. Strikingly, using 20x air objective, it is able to record in the acceptor channel one-step bleaching events, corresponding to single Cy5 dye molecules ( Figure 5g ). By contrast, the control NPs display much lower intensity at the acceptor channel without abrupt bleaching steps.
  • Cyanine dyes were also tested as energy donors in PMMA-based nanoparticles of ⁇ 45 nm diameter.
  • PMMA-MA NPs containing ⁇ 50 wt% with respect to polymer mass ( ⁇ 130 mmol/kg of total particle mass) of DiI cyanine dye salt with F12-TPB counterion as energy donor.
  • DiD salt with F12-TPB was used as energy acceptor co-encapsulated with the energy donor at different molar ratios. It was found that FRET between DiI and DiD was efficient even at very low acceptor/donor ratio 1/2000 ( Figure 6A ), indicating very efficient light-harvesting processes from donors to a single acceptor.
  • the measured antenna effect increased with decrease in the acceptor/donor ratio, reaching values close to 800 ( Figure 6B ).
  • the result is similar to that observed for R18/F5-TPB as energy donor, which shows that cyanine dyes can also be used to preparation of light-harvesting nanoantenna.

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Claims (16)

  1. Farbstoffbeladenes fluoreszierendes polymeres Nanopartikel als Nanoantenne, umfassend:
    a) ein Polymer, ausgewählt aus:
    - einem Polymethacrylat oder dessen Derivat,
    - einem Polystyrol oder dessen Derivat,
    - einem aliphatischen Polyester oder dessen Derivat, oder
    - einem Copolymer aus vorgenannten Polymeren mit Polyethylenglykol (PEG) oder mit geladenen Monomeren,
    b) einen Energiedonor, dessen Gehalt 5 bis 50 Gew.-% des Polymers, vorzugsweise 10 bis 30 Gew.-% des Polymers, beträgt,
    c) einen Energieakzeptor mit einem Gehalt von 0,001 bis 0,04 Gew.-% des Polymers, vorzugsweise 0,002 bis 0,02 Gew.-% des Polymers;
    wobei das Polymer eine Matrix bildet, in der 1000 bis 50000 Moleküle des genannten Energiedonors pro Nanopartikel eingekapselt sind,
    wobei der Energiedonor ein Salz eines Donorfarbstoffs mit ausgedehnten fluorierten Anionen ist, wobei der Donorfarbstoff ausgewählt ist aus:
    (i) einem Rhodaminderivat, dargestellt durch Formel (I)
    Figure imgb0025
     in welcher:
    - R1, R2, R3 und R4 gleich oder verschieden sind und jeweils ein Wasserstoffatom oder eine (C1-C8)-Alkylgruppe darstellen,
    - R5 ein (C1-C24)-Alkyl ist, oder
    (ii) einem Cyaninderivat, dargestellt durch Formel (II)
    Figure imgb0026
     in welcher:
    n eine ganze Zahl ist, ausgewählt aus 1, 2 oder 3;
    Ra und Rb gleich oder verschieden sind und jeweils eine (C1-C24)-Alkylgruppe darstellen;
    und wobei der Energieakzeptor ein Salz eines anderen Cyaninderivats der vorstehend definierten Formel (II) mit einem Gegenion ist, wobei der Energiedonor und der Energieakzeptor unterschiedlich sind.
  2. Farbstoffbeladenes fluoreszierendes polymeres Nanopartikel nach Anspruch 1, wobei das Polymer ausgewählt ist aus Polycaprolacton, Poly(milchsäure), Poly(glykolsäure), Poly(lactid-co-glycolid), Poly(methylmethacrylat), Poly(methylmethacrylat-co-Methacrylsäure) und Poly(lactid-co-glycolid-co-PEG).
  3. Farbstoffbeladenes fluoreszierendes polymeres Nanopartikel nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, wobei der Gehalt an Energiedonor 50 bis 700 mmol/kg, insbesondere 50 bis 300 mmol/kg, insbesondere 150-200 mmol/kg, bezogen auf die Gesamtmasse der Nanopartikel, beträgt.
  4. Farbstoffbeladenes fluoreszierendes polymeres Nanopartikel nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, wobei das ausgedehnte fluorierte Anion ausgewählt ist aus Tetrakis(pentafluorphenyl)borat (F5-TPB), Tetrakis[3, 5-Bis-(trifluormethyl)phenyl]borat (F6-TPB), Tetrakis[3,5-Bis-(1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluor-2-methoxy-2-propyl)phenyl]borat (F12-TPB) und Tetrakis[perfluor-tert-butoxy]aluminat (F9-AI).
  5. Farbstoffbeladenes fluoreszierendes polymeres Nanopartikel nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, wobei das Gegenion des Energieakzeptors ein anorganisches Anion ist, ausgewählt aus Chlorid, Bromid, Iodid, Perchlorat, Sulfonat, Nitrat, Tosylat, oder ein organisches Anion, ausgewählt aus Tetrakis(pentafluorphenyl)borat (F5-TPB), Tetrakis[3,5-bis-(trifluormethyl)phenyl]borat (F6-TPB), Tetrakis[3,5-bis-(1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluor-2-methoxy-2-propyl)phenyl]borat (F12-TPB) und Tetrakis[perfluor-tert-butoxy]aluminat (F9-Al).
  6. Farbstoffbeladenes fluoreszierendes polymeres Nanopartikel nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, wobei:
    - der Energiedonor ausgewählt ist aus einem Salz von Rhodamin-B-Octadecylester, Cy3, Cy5, Cy3.5 oder Cy5.5 mit einem der vorgenannten ausgedehnten fluorierten Anionen;
    - der Energieakzeptor ausgewählt ist aus einem Salz von Cy5, Cy5.5, Cy7, Cy7.5 mit einem der vorgenannten Anionen,
    wobei der Energiedonor und der Energieakzeptor unterschiedlich sind.
  7. Farbstoffbeladenes fluoreszierendes polymeres Nanopartikel nach Anspruch 6, wobei der Energiedonor und der Energieakzeptor in dem Nanopartikel ein Paar aus Energiedonor/Energieakzeptor bilden, das aus der folgenden Tabelle ausgewählt ist: Donor/Akzeptor-Paar: Rhodamin-B-Octadecylester-Salz/ DiD-Salz Rhodamin-B-Octadecylester-Salz/ Cy5.5-Salz DiI-Salz/ DiD-Salz DiI-Salz/Cy5,5-Salz DiI-Salz/Cy7-Salz DiD-Salz/ Cy7-Salz Cy3,5-Salz/ Cy5,5-Salz Cy3,5-Salz/ Cy7,5-Salz Cy5,5-Salz/Cy7,5-Salz
  8. Farbstoffbeladenes fluoreszierendes polymeres Nanopartikel nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, wobei das Nanopartikel einen Durchmesser von 10 nm bis 150 nm, vorzugsweise 25-70 nm, besitzt.
  9. Farbstoffbeladenes fluoreszierendes polymeres Nanopartikel nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, wobei das Verhältnis zwischen Energieakzeptor und Energiedonor im Bereich von 1:100 bis 1:50000 liegt.
  10. Farbstoffbeladenes fluoreszierendes polymeres Nanopartikel nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, wobei die Anregungsleistungsdichte des fluoreszierenden polymeren Nanopartikels bei 530 nm mit bis zu 50 nm Bandbreite 1 bis 1000 mW/cm2, vorzugsweise 1 - 30 mW/cm2, beträgt.
  11. Farbstoffbeladenes fluoreszierendes polymeres Nanopartikel nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, wobei der Energieakzeptor entweder innerhalb der Matrix des Polymers eingekapselt oder an die Oberfläche des Polymers gebunden oder daran adsorbiert ist.
  12. Farbstoffbeladenes fluoreszierendes polymeres Nanopartikel nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11, wobei die Oberfläche des Nanopartikels
    - durch die Adsorption eines polymeren oder lipidischen Amphiphils modifiziert ist, das mindestens eine Polyethylenglykolkette oder zwitterionische Gruppen trägt, vorzugsweise Poloxamere, Polysorbate und 1,2-Distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamin-Poly(ethylenglykol); oder
    - durch Polyethylenglykol oder zwitterionische Gruppen kovalent modifiziert ist.
  13. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines farbstoffbeladenen fluoreszierenden polymeren Nanopartikels nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 12 mit einem Energieakzeptor und einem Energiedonor, die im Inneren des Nanopartikels eingekapselt sind, umfassend:
    (i) Herstellen einer mit Wasser mischbaren Lösungsmittellösung eines Polymers wie in Anspruch 1 oder 2 definiert, enthaltend:
    a. 0,001 bis 0,04 Gew.-% des Polymers, vorzugsweise 0,004 bis 0,02 Gew.-% des Polymers, eines Energieakzeptors wie in einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7 definiert;
    b. 5 bis 50 Gew.-% des Polymers, vorzugsweise 10 bis 30 Gew.-% des Polymers, eines Energiedonors wie in einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7 definiert,
    (ii) Nanoausfällen der mit Wasser mischbaren Lösungsmittellösung des Polymers in einem basischen, neutralen oder schwach sauren wässrigen Puffer, um die fluoreszierenden Nanopartikel auf Polymerbasis zu erhalten.
  14. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines farbstoffbeladenen fluoreszierenden polymeren Nanopartikels nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 12 mit einem Energieakzeptor, der an der Oberfläche des Nanopartikels absorbiert ist, und mit einem Energiedonor, der im Inneren des Nanopartikels eingekapselt ist, umfassend:
    (i) Herstellen einer mit Wasser mischbaren Lösungsmittellösung eines Polymers wie in Anspruch 1 oder 2 definiert mit 0,1-5 mg/ml, vorzugsweise 1-2 mg/ml, enthaltend 5 bis 50 Gew.-% des Polymers, vorzugsweise 10 bis 30 Gew.-% des Polymers, eines Energiedonors,
    (ii) Nanoausfällen der mit Wasser mischbaren Lösungsmittellösung des Polymers in einem basischen, neutralen oder schwach sauren wässrigen Puffer, um ein Nanopartikel zu erhalten, das den Energiedonor einkapselt.
    (iii) Zugeben einer mit Wasser mischbaren Lösungsmittellösung des Akzeptors zu dem vorgenannten, Nanopartikel enthaltenden wässrigen Puffer bis zu einer Endkonzentration von 0,001 bis 0,04 Gew.-% des Polymers, vorzugsweise von 0,002 bis 0,02 Gew.-% des Polymers.
  15. Verwendung eines farbstoffbeladenen fluoreszierenden polymeren Nanopartikels nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 12 zum Nachweis einzelner Biomoleküle in vitro oder in vivo.
  16. Verfahren zum in-vitro-Fluoreszenznachweis eines biomolekularen Markers einer Krankheit in einer Probe, mit Verstärkung durch einen Nanopartikel-Antenneneffekt, umfassend den Schritt:
    - Inkontaktbringen des farbstoffbeladenen fluoreszierenden polymeren Nanopartikels nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 12 mit der Probe,
    - Beleuchten mit Leistungsdichten, die den Bedingungen von Umgebungssonnenlicht entsprechen, vorzugsweise mit einer Leistungsdichte von 1 bis 30 mW/cm2,
    - und Detektieren der Donor- und verstärkten Akzeptor-Fluoreszenzemission.
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CN110892040A (zh) 2020-03-17
US11549886B2 (en) 2023-01-10
EP3418348A1 (de) 2018-12-26
FI3642301T3 (fi) 2023-08-29
US20200110032A1 (en) 2020-04-09
PT3642301T (pt) 2023-08-31
DK3642301T3 (da) 2023-09-04
ES2954357T3 (es) 2023-11-21

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