EP3638429B1 - Transducteur d'émetteur ultrasonore à faisceau étendu et large bande haute fréquence pour communications sous-marines - Google Patents

Transducteur d'émetteur ultrasonore à faisceau étendu et large bande haute fréquence pour communications sous-marines Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3638429B1
EP3638429B1 EP18746282.5A EP18746282A EP3638429B1 EP 3638429 B1 EP3638429 B1 EP 3638429B1 EP 18746282 A EP18746282 A EP 18746282A EP 3638429 B1 EP3638429 B1 EP 3638429B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
torus
previous
ultrasound transducer
transducer according
transducer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Application number
EP18746282.5A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3638429A1 (fr
Inventor
Marcos SILVA MARTINS
Luís Miguel VALENTE GONÇALVES
António João FREITAS GOMES DA SILVA
Sergio Manuel MACHADO JESUS
José Manuel TAVARES VIEIRA CABRAL
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Universidade do Minho
Universidade do Algarve
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Universidade do Minho
Universidade do Algarve
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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/004—Mounting transducers, e.g. provided with mechanical moving or orienting device
    • G10K11/006—Transducer mounting in underwater equipment, e.g. sonobuoys
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
    • B06B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
    • B06B1/00—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency
    • B06B1/02—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy
    • B06B1/06—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction
    • B06B1/0607—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction using multiple elements
    • B06B1/0622—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction using multiple elements on one surface
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
    • B06B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
    • B06B1/00—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency
    • B06B1/02—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy
    • B06B1/06—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction
    • B06B1/0688—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction with foil-type piezoelectric elements, e.g. PVDF
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K2200/00—Details of methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general
    • G10K2200/11—Underwater, e.g. transducers for generating acoustic waves underwater

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to a high frequency, MHz range, ultrasound underwater emitter transducer with nearly omnidirectional radiation and a broadband frequency response using a multilayer structure of PVDF films for underwater communications.
  • the transducer has the geometric shape of a toroid outer surface, using curved surfaces to control the acoustic wave's divergence angle and PVDF thin films in multilayer structures for a broadband frequency response.
  • Electroacoustic transducers are a technology with more than 200 years, but the technology underwent a huge development during the First World War.
  • the electroacoustic transducers are divided into 6 different types of technologies: Piezoelectric, Electro-Restrictive, Magnetostrictive, Electrostatic, Variable Reluctance Transducers and Dynamic Coil Transducers.
  • Piezoelectric the most widely used technology today is Piezoelectric.
  • the applications have been increasing exponentially, from the SONARES, acoustic image, to the welding by ultrasound, among others.
  • Each application requires a very distinct transducer, with well-defined characteristics.
  • the size and shape of the transducer influences the operation mode.
  • the operating frequency definition, for a transmitter or, for a receiver has different meanings.
  • Transmitters generally operate at frequencies close to the resonant frequencies, where they allow higher output performance.
  • the receivers are usually used below their resonant frequencies with a much higher bandwidth.
  • the beam pattern can be defined as the relative amplitude of the acoustic pressure as a function of the angle. Different patterns are achieved by using particular shapes and/or arrays of transducers, by amplitude shading, beam steering and phase shading.
  • the width of the main lobe, in degrees, is defined as the beam spread angle. Usually, there are additional lobes around the main lobe, which are called lateral lobes.
  • the maximum response axis or the acoustic axis of a transducer is defined as the direction in which the acoustic response admits its maximum value.
  • the levels of the secondary lobes can be reduced at the expense of the path extension by applying different stresses to the elements of a matrix. This is called amplitude fading.
  • the transmitting voltage response is defined as the acoustic output of a projector referenced to 1 m, for an input of 1 Vrms.
  • the actual drive voltage of a transducer may be much higher than 1 Vrms and result in a higher acoustic output than its transmitting voltage response. This level is called sound pressure level.
  • the sound pressure level and the associated power input of a transducer are limited by various factors including:
  • the receiving performance of a receiver is expressed as the open circuit voltage receiving sensitivity.
  • the depth capability of transducers is limited basically by the failure of its pressure release material, degradation of the piezoelectric elements under hydrostatic pressure, and by the stress limits of the material and the structure. In addition to the acoustical and electrical parameters described above, the following ones should also be considered:
  • Piezoelectric ultrasound transducers at high frequencies usually operate in the 33 mode, that is, the deformation along the polarization axis and the excitation electric field point into the same direction.
  • T 2 Z 1 Z 1 + Z 2
  • R Z 2 ⁇ Z 1 Z 1 + Z 2
  • the main application identified for the present disclosure is wireless underwater communications.
  • Underwater wireless communications represent today a technological challenge that has not yet found a solution to the current requirements.
  • the underwater environment proves to be quite adverse with respect to wireless communications.
  • Electromagnetic waves with radio frequency and optical can not propagate long distances from below water.
  • the technology aimed at solving this problem is the acoustic waves.
  • problems associated with this technology such as: low sound speed (+ -1500 m / s), echoes, multipath, noise, exponential attenuation with frequency and low performance of acoustic transducers in digital communications.
  • acoustic transducers to be used as ultrasound emitters in underwater wireless communications.
  • the transducer needs to have the following characteristics of acoustic wave control (centering the acoustic or omnidirectional beam), broadband frequencies (from kHz to MHz) and low power consumption (tens of watts).
  • a broadband transducer is presented by Hans and Wash in U.S. Pat. 3,833,825 .
  • a matrix structure composed of parallelepiped with the same surface area elements but with different heights allows generate acoustic waves in a wide range of frequencies.
  • the resonance frequency of each element is defined by the height of the parallelepiped, while the beam angle is defined by the transducer surface area.
  • the problem with this solution is that for frequencies in the MHz range the transducer surface area for an omnidirectional response is greatly reduced which leads to also reduced acoustic power.
  • DE102011121006 discloses an electroacoustic converter, in particular an emitter converter, for underwater operation.
  • DE102011121006 discloses that a hollow cylindrical ring body is structured from a plurality of ring segments, which can be positioned next to each other in a ring shape.
  • Each ring segment has at least one ceramic segment which is embedded in the ring segment by means of a gel filling enclosing the ceramic segment.
  • the ring body has a wrapping contacting the ceramic segments on the outside for fastening the ceramic segments.
  • the spherical base is arranged such that the tapered end portions of the piezoelectric elements face one location on the spherical base and support each piezoelectric element from the inner surface side thereof so as to form a spherical shell shape on the whole.
  • Each piezoelectric element vibrates in a vibration mode of a length direction natural frequency which corresponds to the length of the piezoelectric element, so as to expand and contract in the length direction.
  • CN101604020 relates to the field of underwater acoustic navigation, in particular to a method for realizing a high-frequency wideband omnidirectional cylindrical array.
  • the method comprises the steps of: utilizing a matched layer to excite an even mode to broaden the bandwidth of a transducer first; then utilizing the matched layer to construct a cylindrical radiation surface which increases the uniformity of wave beams; and finally also utilizing a plurality of matched-layer annular transducers to concentrically stack up and down to achieve the aim of vertical-dimensional beam control.
  • the invention is defined by the transducer defined in claim 1.
  • An underwater ultrasound transducer for underwater communications according to the present invention is characterised by the features recited in the characterising portion of claim 1.
  • the disclosure relates to a high frequency wideband wide beam ultrasound emitter/transducer.
  • an underwater ultrasound transducer for underwater communications comprising an assembly of a backing structure and multi-layer piezoelectric polymer films attached to a surface of said backing structure, wherein said surface has a shape of a torus or of part of a torus and each said film has a shape of part of a cylindrical segment, wherein each said film is arranged in and around the outer half-surface of the torus shape.
  • the invention comprises a plurality of multi-layer piezoelectric polymer films attached to the surface of said backing structure, wherein each said film has a shape of part of a cylindrical segment and said films are arranged around the outer half-surface of the torus shape.
  • the outer surface is the surface of the torus facing it surroundings.
  • said films are arranged such that the axis of each cylindrical segment is collinear with the torus central line in the region of the respective film. This can be understood such that the cylinder of the cylindrical segment and the torus arm of the torus, or part-torus, are substantially parallel/coincident in said region.
  • said films have a flattened shape of a rectangle wherein said rectangle is arranged on said surface lengthwise in respect of a meridian line of said torus.
  • the films having a shape of a strip with the same width along a meridian line of said torus provides a transducer with improved signal quality, important for underwater communication. This thus provides an improved transducer, even if same torus area is not actively used, especially in the wider torus part, in particular around the equator region of the torus.
  • said surface has a shape of a torus cut along its equator plane. This cut can be understood as a 'bagel'-cut.
  • said surface has a shape of a torus sector. This can be understood as a slice-of-cake kind of cut.
  • said surface has a shape of a torus 180° sector.
  • said surface has a shape of a torus sector cut along the torus equator plane.
  • said surface has a shape of a torus 180° sector cut along the torus equator plane.
  • said films are Polyvinylidenefluoride(PVDF) and P(VDF-TrFE) polymer thin films.
  • said films are glued to said surface of the backing structure.
  • said glue is silicone based or polyurethane based.
  • An embodiment comprises electrical connections to said films.
  • said connections are made of aluminium, gold, silver, silver ink or copper.
  • An embodiment comprises a waterproofing layer.
  • the waterproofing layer comprises silicone or polyurethane.
  • the most basic and common transducer shape is the piston-type transducer, which is, basically, a piezoelectric with a disk shape.
  • those transducers are manufactured with ceramic piezoelectric materials such as: lead zirconate titanate (PZT), lead titanate (PT), lead magnesium niobate (PMN) and lead zinc niobate (PZN).
  • PZT lead zirconate titanate
  • PT lead titanate
  • PMN lead magnesium niobate
  • PZN lead zinc niobate
  • These ceramics are commonly used as resonators since they show a high piezoelectric coefficient and high acoustic impedance.
  • some other materials can be used, such as: polymers (polyvinylidenefluoride (PVDF) and P(VDF-TrFE)) and single crystals (PZT, PMN and PZN).
  • the polymeric based solutions have the lowest acoustic impedance among all materials used in underwater acoustic transducers.
  • One of the major advantages of using low acoustic impedance is related to the high transfer of energy between the transducer and the medium, decreasing significantly the resonance effect.
  • the resonance effect reduction has two major consequences: First, it reduces the sound pressure level output; second, it increases the transducer usable bandwidth which is desirable for broadband digital communications.
  • the transducer is composed of 3 different parts: backing layer, active element and waterproofing layer.
  • the backing layer is composed by a material with an acoustic impedance far superior to the acoustic impedance of the active element to ensure that the acoustic energy is sent in its entirety in the desired direction.
  • the support, or backing, layer is also responsible for securing and forming the active element, which in this case, according to an embodiment, corresponds to a stainless-steel structure in the geometric form equivalent to the outer surface of a toroid.
  • the multilayer structures are placed on the outer side surface in the ring as shown, according to an embodiment, in Figure 3 and 4 .
  • the active element consists of a PVDF thin films multilayer structure with electrical connections in parallel.
  • the active element can be divided into smaller transducers in order to control the opening angle of the acoustic beam, where the minimum angle is equal to the opening of a single structure and the maximum angle corresponds to the use of all structures.
  • PVDF thin films with electrodes can range from 5 to 200 10 -6 meters.
  • Each layer is glued using low density silicone or polyurethane and the cured in a hydraulic press. This process allows to remove the glue excesses and to guarantee a thin thickness and homogeneity throughout the whole structure. After curing, according to an embodiment, all layers are wired between layers.
  • the waterproofing consists in a layer of silicone or polyurethane with low densities to ensure a good acoustic conduction between the active element and the medium.
  • This layer has as main objective to prevent that water or other liquids infiltrate in the electrical connections.
  • This layer is the last procedure performed during the transducer manufacture.
  • Characteristics Value Frequency Up to 1 MHz Cylinder Radius 7.5 cm Ring radius 11.5 cm Beam Angle on XY axis 70° Beam Angle on XX axis 10° Number of layers 2 Thickness 110x10 -6 m PVDF film width 1.7 cm PVDF film length 9.2 cm
  • the design model prototype was implemented in a Finite Element Method (FEM) simulation platform COMSOL Multiphysics in a 2D symmetric plane with the models Piezo Strain Plane for the active element actuation and the model Pressure Acoustic for the pressure waves.
  • FEM Finite Element Method
  • the selected mesh has particles with triangular shape and with 300 ⁇ m size in a half-sphere shaped environment with 30 cm radius.
  • the simulations were performed with the following settings: fresh water as propagation medium, 20 °C of temperature.
  • the results show that the transducer exceeded the expected 70 degrees, for both cases.
  • the beam spread reaches the 80 degrees with an average pressure level of 155 dB.
  • the beam spreading angle should reduce, however this is not verified on these results.
  • the beam spread overcome the 90 degrees with a higher-pressure level around 175 dB at 20 degrees and an average of 165 dB.
  • FIG. 7 shows the measured transmitting voltage response (TVR) at 1 meter as a function of the beam spreading angle for 250, 500, 750, 1000, 1250 and 1500 kHz.
  • the graph shows the response to a symmetric axis in XY plane according Figure 2 .
  • the transducer In terms of angle response, the transducer has a beam wider than the expected 70 degrees and in terms of bandwidth at 1 meter showed a quality factor of 1.5 centered in 755 kHz, demonstrating high bandwidth properties.
  • Figure 8 shows the transducer response between 200 kHz and 1.5 MHz for 1, 5 and 10 meters distances.
  • the transducer was designed for frequencies up to 1 MHz, but the results show that the transducer is able to operate with frequencies up to 1.5 MHz at short distances. However, it was not possible to do proper measurements at higher distances since, as previously mentioned, the hydrophone sensibility strongly decrease after 1 MHz and at 5 and 10 m it was not enough to capture the acoustic signal.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Transducers For Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Transducteur ultrasonore sous-marin pour communications sous-marines comprenant un montage d'une structure de support, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend également une pluralité de films (S) polymères piézo-électriques multicouche attachés à une surface de ladite structure de support, dans lequel ladite surface a la forme d'un tore ou d'une partie d'un tore et chacun desdits films a la forme d'une partie d'un segment cylindrique, dans lequel lesdits films sont arrangés dans et autour de la demi-surface extérieure de la forme torique.
  2. Transducteur ultrasonore sous-marin selon la revendication précédente dans lequel lesdits films sont arrangés tels que l'axe de chaque segment cylindrique est colinéaire à la ligne centrale du tore dans la région du film respectif.
  3. Transducteur ultrasonore sous-marin selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes dans lequel lesdits films ont la forme aplatie d'un rectangle dans lequel ledit rectangle est arrangé sur ladite surface dans le sens de la longueur par rapport à une ligne méridienne dudit tore.
  4. Transducteur ultrasonore sous-marin selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes dans lequel ladite surface a la forme d'un tore coupé le long de son plan équatorial.
  5. Transducteur ultrasonore sous-marin selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes dans lequel ladite surface a la forme d'un secteur torique.
  6. Transducteur ultrasonore sous-marin selon la revendication précédente dans lequel ladite surface a la forme d'un secteur torique de 180°.
  7. Transducteur ultrasonore sous-marin selon les revendications 4 et 5 dans lequel ladite surface a la forme d'un secteur torique coupé le long du plan équatorial du tore.
  8. Transducteur ultrasonore sous-marin selon la revendication précédente dans lequel ladite surface a la forme d'un secteur torique de 180° coupé le long du plan équatorial du tore.
  9. Transducteur ultrasonore sous-marin selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes dans lequel ledit film est un film fin polymère de poly(fluorure de vinylidène), PVDF, ou poly(fluorure de vinylidène)/trifluoroéthylène, P(VDF-TrFE).
  10. Transducteur ultrasonore sous-marin selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes dans lequel ledit film ou lesdits films est(sont) collé(s) à ladite surface de la structure de support.
  11. Transducteur ultrasonore sous-marin selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes comprenant des connexions électriques auxdits films et les connexions sont en aluminium, or, argent, encre argentée ou cuivre.
  12. Transducteur ultrasonore sous-marin selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes dans lequel la structure de support a une impédance acoustique supérieure à l'impédance acoustique des films telle que la majorité de l'énergie acoustique est envoyée vers l'extérieur du transducteur.
  13. Transducteur ultrasonore sous-marin selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes comprenant une couche d'étanchéité comprenant du silicone ou du polyuréthane.
  14. Transducteur ultrasonore sous-marin selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes dans lequel ledit transducteur est un émetteur.
  15. Ensemble de transducteur ultrasonore sous-marin comprenant un transducteur selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes en tant qu'émetteur et un transducteur selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes en tant que récepteur.
EP18746282.5A 2017-06-16 2018-06-18 Transducteur d'émetteur ultrasonore à faisceau étendu et large bande haute fréquence pour communications sous-marines Active EP3638429B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PT11015217 2017-06-16
PCT/IB2018/054471 WO2018229735A1 (fr) 2017-06-16 2018-06-18 Transducteur d'émetteur ultrasonore à faisceau étendu et large bande haute fréquence pour communications sous-marines

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3638429A1 EP3638429A1 (fr) 2020-04-22
EP3638429B1 true EP3638429B1 (fr) 2021-08-04

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EP (1) EP3638429B1 (fr)
PT (1) PT3638429T (fr)
WO (1) WO2018229735A1 (fr)

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3833825A (en) 1973-04-11 1974-09-03 Honeywell Inc Wide-band electroacoustic transducer
US5343443A (en) 1990-10-15 1994-08-30 Rowe, Deines Instruments, Inc. Broadband acoustic transducer
US5321332A (en) 1992-11-12 1994-06-14 The Whitaker Corporation Wideband ultrasonic transducer
CN101604020B (zh) * 2009-07-13 2011-08-10 中国船舶重工集团公司第七一五研究所 一种高频宽带全向圆柱阵的实现方法
US8027224B2 (en) 2009-11-11 2011-09-27 Brown David A Broadband underwater acoustic transducer
DE102011121006B4 (de) * 2011-10-28 2015-08-13 Atlas Elektronik Gmbh Elektroakustischer Wandler
WO2016071961A1 (fr) * 2014-11-04 2016-05-12 本多電子株式会社 Transducteur d'ondes ultrasonores sphériques, et dispositif de mesure sous-marin

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
None *

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WO2018229735A1 (fr) 2018-12-20
EP3638429A1 (fr) 2020-04-22
PT3638429T (pt) 2021-11-09

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