EP3635420A1 - Method and device for detecting faults and protection for power switching electronic devices - Google Patents
Method and device for detecting faults and protection for power switching electronic devicesInfo
- Publication number
- EP3635420A1 EP3635420A1 EP18734277.9A EP18734277A EP3635420A1 EP 3635420 A1 EP3635420 A1 EP 3635420A1 EP 18734277 A EP18734277 A EP 18734277A EP 3635420 A1 EP3635420 A1 EP 3635420A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- fault
- power switching
- acoustic
- detected
- caa
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/327—Testing of circuit interrupters, switches or circuit-breakers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H1/00—Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements
- H02H1/0007—Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements concerning the detecting means
- H02H1/0015—Using arc detectors
- H02H1/0023—Using arc detectors sensing non electrical parameters, e.g. by optical, pneumatic, thermal or sonic sensors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H1/00—Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements
- H02H1/0007—Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements concerning the detecting means
- H02H1/003—Fault detection by injection of an auxiliary voltage
Definitions
- the invention generally relates to the field of power electronics. More particularly, the invention relates to a method and a device for fault detection and protection of the smooth operation in electronic power switching devices such as power modules, converters and inverters.
- the power modules when in use, are exposed to different operating conditions and to cycles of temperature variation which may cause defects, in particular in brazed joints, or sintered chips, and greatly reduce the life of the power modules.
- thermo-acoustic effect it is also known to use the thermo-acoustic effect to heat the material by means of an ultrasonic acoustic wave.
- the detection of a fault results from the comparison of the Fourier transforms of the thermal response infrared material and a reference signature specific to the material.
- thermography solutions of the prior art require an infrared imaging camera and are designed for spot tests in manufacturing or spot inspections carried out during the life of the devices. These solutions are not suitable for continuous detection of faults in electronic power switching devices.
- the invention relates to a fault detection method and protection of an electronic power switching device, using the thermo-acoustic effect and comprising the steps of:
- thermoacoustic effect in the electronic power switching device when it is in operation
- the determination step b) comprises a Fourier transform calculation of the frequency spectrum of the detected acoustic signal.
- the invention relates to a fault detection and protection device for the implementation of the method described briefly above, the device being intended to monitor an electronic power switching device in which a defect is likely to appear.
- the device comprises at least one acoustic sensor, an input interface comprising amplification means, typically of the type called "log-in" in English, and analog-to-digital conversion means, and a digital signal processing unit, the digital signal processing unit comprising a spectral signature calculation software module able to calculate a spectral signature of an acoustic signal detected by the acoustic sensor, a storage memory capable of storing a plurality of reference spectral signatures, and a software module for comparing and deciding a fault able to detect the presence of at least one fault in the electronic power switching device from at least one coincidence identified between the spectral signature of the signal acoustically detected and the plurality of reference spectral signatures stored in the storage memory.
- the device according to the invention comprises a plurality of acoustic sensors and the input interface is of the multi-channel acoustic signal input type and also comprises sampling means. According to a particular characteristic, when a fault is detected, the digital signal processing unit outputs a fault signal for the monitored power electronic switching device.
- the digital signal processing unit when a fault is detected, the digital signal processing unit outputs a fault alert, the fault alert comprising a light signaling, sound or a display on a screen with or without indication of the type of fault.
- the fault detection and protection device comprises at least one ultrasonic acoustic sensor.
- the invention also relates to an electronic power switching assembly comprising at least one electronic power switching device and a fault detection and protection device, as described above, which is it associated.
- the fault detection device and associated protection controls a stop operation of the electronic power switching device or an operation thereof in a degraded mode.
- the electronic power switching device is in the form of a power module, a converter or an inverter and comprises at least one cavity in which is housed an acoustic sensor. .
- FIG. is a block diagram of a first embodiment of an electronic power switching assembly comprising a three-phase inverter and a fault detection and protection device according to the invention which is equipped with a single acoustic sensor
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a second embodiment of an electronic power switching assembly comprising a three-phase inverter and another fault detection and protection device according to the invention which is equipped with three acoustic sensors.
- Fig.3 is a sectional view of a conventional power module comprising an integrated acoustic sensor and adapted for the electronic power switching assembly of Fig.2.
- Electronic power switching devices are constructed from power modules that are associated to form complete switching bridges such as polyphase inverters, or to be connected in parallel to pass the desired current.
- the power module is typically a switching bridge branch.
- the power modules whether they are built according to a planar architecture of electronic chips or according to a 3D architecture, all have a structure with stratified layers, made of insulating or conductive materials, between which are integrated the electronic chips comprising semiconductor power switches, such as MOSFET or IGBT transistors.
- Power switches typically switch at frequencies between a few hertz and a few hundred kilohertz. This results in repetitive heat pulses that lead to the generation of thermoacoustic waves in the stratified structure of the power modules. By thermo-acoustic effect, the heat pulses are partially converted into a mechanical energy of acoustic nature. The acoustic waves propagate, are deflected or reflected in the stratified structure of the power modules and carry information on this structure.
- the invention takes advantage of the above phenomenon to detect faults in electronic power switching devices.
- the acoustic wave produced by the monitored power switching electronic device is detected and changes in a spectral signature deduced from its frequency spectrum are detected by comparisons to previously recorded reference spectral signatures. From the modifications of the spectral signature of the acoustic wave, the invention allows the detection of defects at an early stage.
- the invention also allows the detection of the type of defect, such as, for example, delamination or de-stratification of the layer, a crack in the fixing of a chip, a vacuum in the structure of a power module, etc.
- Embodiments of the invention are now described above in the context of fault detection and protection in a three-phase inverter.
- the three-phase inverter OT1 comprises three power modules PM1A, PM1B and PM1c and a SWC switching control circuit.
- FIG. 1 A block diagram of the power module PM1 A, with IGBT type transistors, is shown in Fig.1.
- the power module PM1 A comprises a high IGBT transistor, marked TIHS, and a low IGBT transistor, labeled TILS, said respectively transistor “low side” and transistor “high side” in English.
- Diodes I DHS and I DLS are respectively associated with the transistors TI HS and TILS.
- the diode I DHS, I DLS is mounted between the collector electrode CHS, CLS, and the emitter electrode EHS, ELS, of the transistor TI HS, TI LS, respectively.
- the collector electrode CHS of the transistor TIHS is connected to a positive DC voltage + DC and the emitter electrode ELS of the transistor TILS is connected to a negative DC voltage -DC.
- the TIHS and TILS transistors are switched-over through their respective gate electrodes GHS and GLS.
- the OUTA output of the PM1 module A corresponds to the point of interconnection of the emitter electrodes EHS and of the collector CLS of the transistors TIHS and TILS and delivers an alternating voltage.
- the power modules PM1A, PM1B and PM1c may equally well include other power switches, such as MOSFET transistors or GTO thyristors, and so on.
- the SWC switching control circuit delivers SCHS gate control signals, SCLS, which switch control the TIHS transistors, TI LS, PM1 modules A, PM1 B and PM1 c.
- a fault detection device DEP is associated with the three-phase inverter OT1.
- AC acoustic sensor is here placed near the inverter OT1 to detect an acoustic signal SAo emitted by it.
- the acoustic signal SAo is supplied to an analog input of the fault detection device DEP.
- the fault detection device DEP is built here around a dedicated electronic control unit ECU.
- the DEP device may be implanted in a microcomputer equipped with suitable interface circuits.
- the ECU electronic control unit comprises an acoustic signal input interface IT and a digital signal processing unit SPU.
- the acoustic signal input interface IT comprises an input amplifier AP and an analog-digital converter CAN.
- the input amplifier AP receives as input the acoustic signal SA o delivered by the acoustic sensor CA.
- the input amplifier AP performs bandpass filtering on the acoustic signal SA.sub.o and adjusts the amplitude level thereof for further processing.
- An amplified acoustic signal SAi is output by the amplifier AP.
- the amplified acoustic signal SAi is digitized by the analog-to-digital converter CAN and then supplied to a data input port of the digital signal processing unit SPU.
- the digital signal processing unit SPU is typically built around a ⁇ microprocessor which is associated with a ROM and a random access memory RAM, input / output interface means (not shown) and a MEM storage memory.
- a firmware is hosted in memory in the SPU so as to provide the signal processing functions through the serial sequence of instructions.
- the signal processing functions performed by the SPU unit are shown in FIG. 1 in the form of the FFT and CSG blocks.
- the FFT block is a software module for calculating the spectral signature SEP of the acoustic signal SAi.
- the spectral signature SEP is deduced from the frequency spectrum of the acoustic signal SAi which is obtained by a Fourier transformation.
- the CSG block is a software module for comparison and fault decision.
- the CSG block compares the spectral signature SEP of the acoustic signal SAi with a plurality of reference spectral signatures Sgn previously recorded in the storage memory MEM, so as to detect one or more possible coincidences.
- the storage memory MEM stores a knowledge base comprising a plurality of reference spectral signatures Sgn representative of different operating states and different types of fault that may occur in the inverter OT1.
- the CSG block decides the presence of a defect and its probable type according to the results of the comparison. When a fault in the inverter OT1 is detected by the comparison and decision module CSG, the latter outputs a fault signal D1 and can activate a fault alert WA.
- the fault signal D1 is transmitted to the switching control circuit SWC which can then stop the operation of the inverter OT1 by blocking at an inactive level the gate control signals SCHS, SCLS, switching commander the TI transistors HS, TI LS, of the OT1 inverter.
- the SWC switching control circuit can also control an operation of the inverter OT1 in a degraded mode when the fault detected is of lesser criticality.
- the WA fault alert may include, for example, a light or sound signaling, or a display on a screen, with the indication or not of the type of probable fault.
- a three-phase inverter designated OT2
- each of the three power modules PM2A, PM2B and PM2c comprises an acoustic sensor CA integrated in its structure.
- the inverter OT2 comprises an electronic control unit ECU2, dedicated to the fault detection and protection device according to the invention, which is integrated in a control unit UC of the inverter OT2.
- the power modules PM2A, PM2B and PM2c are here arranged side-by-side in a planar arrangement and comprise integrated acoustic sensors CAA, CAB and CAc, respectively.
- the control unit UC comprises a switching control circuit SWC2 and the electronic control unit ECU2.
- the control unit UC thus provides the switching control function of the PM2A, PM2B and PM2c power modules, producing the gate control signals SCHS, SCLS, and the fault detection and protection function of the inverter OT2 in combination with CAA acoustic sensors,
- the switching control circuit SWC2 is similar to the SWC circuit of the inverter OT1 of Fig.1 and will not be described here.
- the ECU2 electronic control unit differs from the ECU unit of Fig.1 in that its IT2 input interface comprises three input channels, unlike the IT interface of the control unit electronic ECU which includes only one for the SAo signal.
- the three acoustic signals designated overall SAABC, which are delivered by the acoustic sensors CAA, CAB and CAc, are input to the three channels of the interface IT2, respectively.
- SAABC signals are filtered and amplified, then sampled and time multiplexed to be digitized by an analog-digital converter (not shown) which is analogous to the CAN converter of the IT interface (Fig.1).
- a digital signal processing unit SPU2 included in the ECU2 electronic control unit, performs a similar processing to that performed by the digital signal processing unit SPU (FIG. 1), for each of the signals Acoustic SAABC. If a fault is detected, it is signaled to the switching control circuit SWC2 which stops the operation of the inverter OT2 or controls a degraded mode, according to the severity of the fault detected. In this embodiment of the invention, since each of the power modules is equipped with its own acoustic sensor, the detection of a fault in the power module is facilitated with respect to the embodiment of FIG. .1.
- the method of the invention is suitable for a spatial location of the fault in an electronic power switching device.
- this spatial location functionality can be implemented using, for example, three acoustic sensors which are respectively arranged along three different directional axes (X, Y, Z) defining a spatial reference.
- the spatial location of the fault is deduced from the acoustic signals provided by the three sensors.
- An example of a PM2A power module comprising a CAA acoustic sensor, and adapted to be integrated in the OT2 inverter, is shown in Fig.3.
- the PM2A power module here has a conventional planar configuration and includes electronic chips P1, P2, which are fixed on a substrate type DBC (Direct Bond Copper).
- the CAS housing of the PM2A module is here made by overmolding with a resin. Note that in other embodiments, the PM2A power module will include a chip-containing package filled with an insulating gel.
- the chips ⁇ 1 and P2 apparent in the sectional view of FIG. 3, are respectively a transistor T1 and its associated diode D1 (see FIG. 1) of the switching branch. Chips P1 and P2 are brazed to a copper top surface of the SUB substrate. CU copper conductors and BO bonding wires provide the electrical connections inside the PM2A power module and with external BC connection terminals. A copper underside of the substrate SUB is soldered to a metal base SEM. The sole SEM is in close thermal contact with a heat sink DIS. The heat sink DIS is here of circulating type of a heat transfer fluid CAL. As shown in FIG.
- the acoustic sensor CAA is placed in the center of a cavity HO arranged in the overmolded casing CAS of the power module PM2A.
- the acoustic sensor CAA is typically a piezoelectric type ultrasonic detector whose resonance frequency substantially corresponds to the switching frequency of the power module, for example of the order of 40 kHz.
- the shape and dimensions of the HO cavity are chosen so as to improve the reception of the acoustic wave signal by the CAA sensor.
- a wafer of porous material PP may be disposed in the cavity HO so as to filter a noise of the acoustic wave.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Inverter Devices (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
- Protection Of Static Devices (AREA)
- Power Conversion In General (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1755041A FR3067472B1 (en) | 2017-06-07 | 2017-06-07 | FAULT DETECTION AND PROTECTION METHOD AND DEVICE FOR ELECTRONIC POWER SWITCHING DEVICES |
PCT/FR2018/051256 WO2018224753A1 (en) | 2017-06-07 | 2018-05-31 | Method and device for detecting faults and protection for power switching electronic devices |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3635420A1 true EP3635420A1 (en) | 2020-04-15 |
Family
ID=59579736
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP18734277.9A Withdrawn EP3635420A1 (en) | 2017-06-07 | 2018-05-31 | Method and device for detecting faults and protection for power switching electronic devices |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20200209311A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP3635420A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2020522713A (en) |
CN (1) | CN110741266A (en) |
FR (1) | FR3067472B1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2018224753A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US11778911B2 (en) * | 2020-09-29 | 2023-10-03 | Ohio State Innovation Foundation | Method, electronic apparatus, and system for defect detection |
CN112505146A (en) * | 2020-11-26 | 2021-03-16 | 电子科技大学 | IGBT module bonding wire fracture detection method based on ultrasonic reflection |
CN114384406B (en) * | 2021-11-26 | 2024-07-26 | 国网辽宁省电力有限公司大连供电公司 | Electrical equipment fault diagnosis system based on acoustic signals |
CN114337225B (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2024-07-16 | 湖南大学 | Method for improving reliability of converter based on health status monitoring |
Family Cites Families (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CA2258223A1 (en) * | 1999-01-22 | 2000-07-22 | Hydro-Quebec | Vibroacoustic signature handling process in a high voltage electromechanical switching system |
DE19952899A1 (en) * | 1999-11-03 | 2001-05-10 | Philips Corp Intellectual Pty | Non-destructive testing of passive components |
CN101063629A (en) * | 2006-04-25 | 2007-10-31 | 汤京乐 | Judging functional failure of electromechanical by speech recognition technology |
CN102279350A (en) * | 2011-03-31 | 2011-12-14 | 广东电网公司广州供电局 | Ultrasonic wave partial discharge detection analyzer |
CN203038865U (en) * | 2013-01-09 | 2013-07-03 | 常州市吉士电器有限公司 | Intelligent high-voltage DC relay |
FR3005254B1 (en) * | 2013-05-02 | 2015-06-05 | Centre Nat Rech Scient | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR LOCATING AT LEAST ONE TARGET IN AN ELECTROMAGNETICALLY ABSORBENT ENVIRONMENT |
CN103605059A (en) * | 2013-11-29 | 2014-02-26 | 西安永电电气有限责任公司 | Method for judging partial discharge location of IGBT module |
WO2015100577A1 (en) * | 2013-12-31 | 2015-07-09 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Devices and methods for arc fault detection |
CN104316847A (en) * | 2014-09-16 | 2015-01-28 | 国家电网公司 | On-line monitoring and positioning system for partial discharge of transformer station |
CN204415431U (en) * | 2015-01-07 | 2015-06-24 | 北京泰瑞博创科技有限公司 | High speed railway breaks rail monitoring system |
CN104898013A (en) * | 2015-06-09 | 2015-09-09 | 北京联合大学 | Method and system for diagnosing circuit fault based on acoustical measurement |
CN205665181U (en) * | 2016-06-08 | 2016-10-26 | 红河学院 | Electronic circuit board detector |
CN106569110A (en) * | 2016-11-03 | 2017-04-19 | 合肥华义电气科技有限公司 | Intelligent switchgear monitoring method |
-
2017
- 2017-06-07 FR FR1755041A patent/FR3067472B1/en active Active
-
2018
- 2018-05-31 US US16/619,375 patent/US20200209311A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2018-05-31 WO PCT/FR2018/051256 patent/WO2018224753A1/en unknown
- 2018-05-31 JP JP2019567689A patent/JP2020522713A/en active Pending
- 2018-05-31 EP EP18734277.9A patent/EP3635420A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2018-05-31 CN CN201880038298.1A patent/CN110741266A/en active Pending
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2018224753A1 (en) | 2018-12-13 |
JP2020522713A (en) | 2020-07-30 |
US20200209311A1 (en) | 2020-07-02 |
FR3067472A1 (en) | 2018-12-14 |
FR3067472B1 (en) | 2020-08-07 |
CN110741266A (en) | 2020-01-31 |
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