EP3635164B1 - Procédé et appareil pour laver des tissus - Google Patents

Procédé et appareil pour laver des tissus Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3635164B1
EP3635164B1 EP17732328.4A EP17732328A EP3635164B1 EP 3635164 B1 EP3635164 B1 EP 3635164B1 EP 17732328 A EP17732328 A EP 17732328A EP 3635164 B1 EP3635164 B1 EP 3635164B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
carbon dioxide
treatment chamber
washing
fabric
treatment
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EP17732328.4A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3635164A1 (fr
Inventor
Bruno Scortegagna
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Lafer SpA
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Lafer SpA
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06B—TREATING TEXTILE MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS, GASES OR VAPOURS
    • D06B9/00—Solvent-treatment of textile materials
    • D06B9/06—Solvent-treatment of textile materials with recovery of the solvent
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06B—TREATING TEXTILE MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS, GASES OR VAPOURS
    • D06B19/00—Treatment of textile materials by liquids, gases or vapours, not provided for in groups D06B1/00 - D06B17/00
    • D06B19/0005—Fixing of chemicals, e.g. dyestuffs, on textile materials
    • D06B19/0011—Fixing of chemicals, e.g. dyestuffs, on textile materials by heated air
    • D06B19/0017—Fixing of chemicals, e.g. dyestuffs, on textile materials by heated air the textile material passing through a chamber
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06B—TREATING TEXTILE MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS, GASES OR VAPOURS
    • D06B21/00—Successive treatments of textile materials by liquids, gases or vapours
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06B—TREATING TEXTILE MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS, GASES OR VAPOURS
    • D06B3/00—Passing of textile materials through liquids, gases or vapours to effect treatment, e.g. washing, dyeing, bleaching, sizing, impregnating
    • D06B3/32—Passing of textile materials through liquids, gases or vapours to effect treatment, e.g. washing, dyeing, bleaching, sizing, impregnating of open-width materials backwards and forwards between beaming rollers during treatment; Jiggers
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06B—TREATING TEXTILE MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS, GASES OR VAPOURS
    • D06B5/00—Forcing liquids, gases or vapours through textile materials to effect treatment, e.g. washing, dyeing, bleaching, sizing impregnating
    • D06B5/02—Forcing liquids, gases or vapours through textile materials to effect treatment, e.g. washing, dyeing, bleaching, sizing impregnating through moving materials of indefinite length

Definitions

  • the present invention concerns a process and an apparatus for washing fabrics, usable in the industrial field for the production of textile products, whether they consist of textile fibers of the animal, plant, artificial, synthetic or mixed type.
  • the invention concerns a washing process and apparatus which use carbon dioxide as the main washing fluid.
  • washing processes usually use solvents, hydrocarbons and/or aqueous solutions containing particular soaping substances, detergents, wetting agents, surfactants or suchlike.
  • washing processes that use water with detergents to facilitate the removal of pollutants have been widely used until now, despite having a very negative environmental impact.
  • safety and environmental protection legislation is becoming increasingly restrictive, and therefore it is necessary to identify industrial washing processes that have minimal or no environmental impact.
  • the fabric In the second group, i.e. plants that treat the fabric continuously, the fabric is collected in a roll or on trolleys, it is then unwound and inserted into the treatment unit and processed continuously. At the end of the treatment, the fabric is re-wound in a roll or deposited in layers.
  • the plants that work continuously are essentially divided into water washing systems and dry cleaning systems.
  • the former use large amounts of water and soaps, together with dispersing and wetting agents and surfactants to increase the effectiveness of the process.
  • the processed fabric must then be dried, which implies considerable use of energy and consequent processing costs.
  • the water used requires expensive purification plants for the recovery.
  • CO 2 has a variety of properties that make it particularly suitable for scouring/washing fabrics.
  • Liquid carbon dioxide has a considerable solvent power, especially for apolar substances; these features allow to achieve and even improve the cleaning results obtained until now with the other known processes.
  • Carbon dioxide is a substance easily available on the market and at low cost since it is a residue of other production processes from which it can be suitably worked to be reused.
  • CO 2 In its liquid state, CO 2 has very low surface tension and viscosity values, which make CO 2 a very good wetting agent, able to remove from deep in the fabric even very viscous liquids, such as complex composition mineral oils, fluid oils of a hydrocarbon nature or paraffins.
  • Carbon dioxide has solvent potentiality in each of its physical states.
  • CO 2 proves to be the most appropriate solution for taking apolar auxiliary textiles into solution and removing them from the fabrics.
  • the CO 2 washing processes used in the state of the art are generally intended for installation in laundries, and provide to treat mainly garments by immersing them in a bath of liquid carbon dioxide inside a pressurized treatment chamber.
  • Known washing processes generally operate at pressures around 50 bar or higher.
  • the garments are inserted in an apparatus provided with a rack that rotates inside a drum, as in traditional washing machines.
  • US-B-6183521 provides to use supercritical CO 2 with pressures comprised between 90 and 350 bar and temperatures comprised between 40°C and 120°C. This process allows to improve the properties of strength and elongation of the fibers compared to traditional methods used for scouring.
  • EP-A-2098307 describes a distillation system for CO 2 dry-cleaning machines for garments, that is, it concerns small machines.
  • This plant provides to distil the CO 2 used in the process in two steps: a first step carried out in a first distillation unit, in which most of the CO 2 is separated from the extracted substances, and a second step, performed in a second distillation unit, with the purpose of increasing the total efficiency of separation.
  • JP-A-2010180385 JP'385
  • JP'385 describes a continuous, high-pressure treatment on generic films.
  • the treatment provides an unwinding and rewinding device of the treated product inside a chamber divided into two or more compartments with different operating conditions.
  • one purpose of the present invention is to obtain a process and an apparatus that allow to improve the efficiency of the process of washing fabrics with carbon dioxide, providing to use two or more treatment chambers that work at least partly alternating with each other, and to recirculate the carbon dioxide from one treatment chamber to the other without needing any phase change, so as to considerably reduce the electric power needed for recovery.
  • one purpose is to supply a washing apparatus and a correlated process that allows to recirculate and regenerate continuously the carbon dioxide in gaseous form from one treatment chamber to the other without needing to condense it and make it liquid, hence without requiring in said step to use condensation and/or liquefaction members and tanks, thus reducing the energy consumption and the electrical power needed by the apparatuses in order to recover it.
  • Another purpose of the present invention is also to obtain a washing apparatus to perform a washing process on fabrics with carbon dioxide that allows to wash the fabrics uniformly, removing from them oils, fats and/or organic and inorganic contaminants, without using additives.
  • Another purpose of the present invention is to perfect a washing apparatus that allows to perform semi-continuously the washing of fabrics, so that it is possible to use carbon dioxide in its liquid state, but at the same time reducing the treatment times known in the state of the art.
  • Another purpose is to obtain the residual sludges containing oils, fats, etc., free from contaminants such as solvents, etc., so that said sludges can be disposed of as non-hazardous waste.
  • Another purpose is to provide a washing process that is of low environmental impact and is not polluting but at the same time is efficient and allows to obtain a good cleaning of the fabrics.
  • the Applicant has devised, tested and embodied the present invention to overcome the shortcomings of the state of the art and to obtain these and other purposes and advantages.
  • a process for washing fabrics according to the present invention provides to wash fabrics using carbon dioxide.
  • the washing process according to the invention comprises inserting a fabric to be washed into a treatment chamber, impregnating the fabric by spraying liquid carbon dioxide onto it, and immersing the fabric in a bath of liquid carbon dioxide, said immersion being possibly associated with a beating action to make the removal of the substances to be eliminated more efficient.
  • the method provides to draw in the fabric on a plurality of return and transport rollers, to immerse it in the bath of carbon dioxide downstream of an unwinding roller, and finally to wind the washed fabric on a winding roller.
  • the washing process according to the invention provides to wash the fabrics in at least two treatment chambers put at a defined pressure, operating alternately or in partly or totally overlapping washing cycle, and to recover and recirculate the carbon dioxide used to pressurize a treatment chamber to feed it into the at least one other treatment chamber, without any phase change of the carbon dioxide.
  • the process according to the invention provides to recover and recirculate the carbon dioxide between the treatment chambers through a suitable circuit formed by a plurality of lines of communication and comprising a plurality of interception valves which selectively allow to open/close the passage of the flow between the different lines of communication.
  • the process provides to recover the carbon dioxide in the gaseous phase. According to further embodiments, the process provides to at least partly recover the carbon dioxide from a first treatment chamber, inside which a higher pressure is defined, in order to recirculate it in a second treatment chamber having a lower pressure inside, by making the flow of gaseous carbon dioxide flow through a first line of communication that directly connects the at least two treatment chambers to each other.
  • the process provides to pressurize the treatment chamber before starting the washing treatment on the fabric at a pressure comprised between about 10 and about 60 bar.
  • the process provides to bring the treatment chamber to a vacuum condition at the end of the treatment on the fabric, and at the end of the passage of the carbon dioxide into the other treatment chamber, allowing almost total recovery of the carbon dioxide.
  • the atmospheric pressure can be restored by inserting air through a dedicated branch of the circuit.
  • the treatment chamber is cleared by a vacuum cycle before being pressurized in order to begin a new treatment cycle on the new roll of fabric.
  • the present invention also concerns an apparatus for washing fabrics comprising at least two treatment chambers, each suitable for washing a fabric using carbon dioxide as washing fluid, and a carbon dioxide feed and/or recovery and recirculation unit, which connects the at least two treatment chambers to each other.
  • each treatment chamber comprises at least two winding/unwinding rollers configured respectively to wind and unwind a roll of fabric, transferring it from one to the other, and a containment tank suitable to contain a liquid carbon dioxide bath in which the fabric can be made to transit during its passage from one to the other of the winding/unwinding rollers.
  • the washing apparatus provides to position two or more treatment chambers in parallel, which can operate alternately, or in partly or totally overlapping washing cycle, in such a way as to increase the productivity of the process.
  • the carbon dioxide feed and/or recovery and recirculation circuit comprises regulation means configured to allow a passage of carbon dioxide from one treatment chamber to another without requiring a phase change.
  • the regulation means are configured to regulate the temperature/pressure conditions so that the carbon dioxide is recovered and recirculated in gaseous form, without needing to pass to the liquid phase.
  • the apparatus according to the invention Since it is not necessary to condense/liquefy the CO 2 during the depressurization of the chamber where the fabric was treated and the simultaneous pressurization of the chamber where a new treatment is performed, the apparatus according to the invention has reduced energy consumption, and the total electrical power installed can be reduced.
  • the carbon dioxide feed and/or recovery and recirculation circuit can continuously recover the CO 2 used in one treatment chamber and purify it so that it can be reused in a closed loop circuit in another treatment chamber.
  • the carbon dioxide feed and/or recovery and recirculation circuit comprises at least one first line of communication that directly connects the at least two treatment chambers to each other, allowing to balance the pressure between them.
  • the gaseous carbon dioxide recovery and recirculation circuit comprises at least one compression device selectively connectable to one and/or the other treatment chamber and/or to a suction device, and configured to define a desired pressure inside them.
  • the gaseous carbon dioxide recovery and recirculation circuit comprises at least one suction device selectively connectable to one and/or the other treatment chamber by means of respective lines of communication provided with valves and configured to suck in the gaseous carbon dioxide present in the treatment chambers so as to define a desired pressure inside them, in particular configured to define a vacuum condition inside them.
  • washing apparatus 10 usable in the field of textile production, for example for removing oils and/or paraffins or other textile auxiliaries, used during the spinning and/or weaving step.
  • the washing apparatus 10 comprises at least two treatment chambers 14, 15, seen enlarged in fig. 2 , inside which a roll of fabric 12 to be washed can be introduced.
  • fabric 12 here and hereafter in the description, we mean fabrics generally consisting of textile fibers of the animal, plant, artificial, synthetic or mixed type.
  • the fabrics 12 can also be open fabrics, tubular fabrics, or fabrics folded longitudinally on themselves and sewn.
  • the washing apparatus 10 also comprises a recovery and recirculation circuit 16 of the washing fluid, in this case carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), which connects the at least two treatment chambers 14, 15 to each other.
  • a recovery and recirculation circuit 16 of the washing fluid in this case carbon dioxide (CO 2 )
  • CO 2 carbon dioxide
  • each treatment chamber 14, 15 is provided with a liquid CO 2 entrance 17 disposed for example on a lateral wall of the treatment chamber 14, 15, and at least a liquid CO 2 exit 18a, 18b.
  • each treatment chamber 14, 15 is provided with a liquid CO 2 overflow exit during the treatment cycle 18a, and a liquid CO 2 discharge exit 18b that is activated at the end of the washing cycle to discharge the liquid CO 2 from the washing tank.
  • the liquid CO 2 exits 18a, 18b cooperate with a containing tank 22 disposed inside each treatment chamber 14, 15, suitable to contain a bath of liquid carbon dioxide in which the fabric 12 to be washed can be made to transit.
  • the treatment chamber 14, 15 also comprises a gas aperture 19 through which the carbon dioxide in a gaseous state can transit.
  • the treatment chamber 14, 15 also comprises a gas balancing line communicating with an accumulation tank 36 of the liquid carbon dioxide.
  • each treatment chamber 14, 15 comprises at least one pair of winding/unwinding rollers 20a, 20b configured respectively to wind and unwind a roll of fabric 12 from one to the other.
  • the fabric 12 to be washed is wound onto a first unwinding roller 20a and drawn onto a second winding roller 20b.
  • the treatment chamber 14, 15 can comprise one or more return rollers 21 configured to define a travel for the fabric 12 inside the treatment chamber 14, 15 and to keep the fabric 12 stretched between one and the other winding/unwinding rollers 20a, 20b.
  • fig. 2 shows one sense for the travel P from the unwinding roller 20a to the winding roller 20b
  • the winding/unwinding rollers 20a, 20b can be interchangeable, so that both can perform the function of winding or unwinding of the fabric 12, so that it is possible to invert the travel P of the fabric 12, unwinding it from the unwinding roller 20b and winding it onto the winding roller 20a.
  • delivery nozzles 24 can be provided inside the treatment chamber 14 (for example shown in fig. 2 ) which are associated with the liquid CO 2 entrance 17 and are configured to deliver carbon dioxide in liquid form onto the fabric 12 during the winding/unwinding thereof.
  • each treatment chamber 14, 15 can comprise inside it beating rollers 25, configured to beat the fabric 12 in the section of travel between one and the other of the winding/unwinding rollers 20a, 20b, creating a mechanical beating action, so as to increase the movement of the fabric 12 itself and thus further promote the removal of the pollutant substances.
  • the treatment chamber 14 can also comprise further delivery nozzles (not shown), configured to deliver carbon dioxide in gaseous form onto the section of fabric 12 immersed in the bath of liquid carbon dioxide 23.
  • squeezer rollers 26 can be provided inside the treatment chamber 14, cooperating with one or more return rollers 21 to squeeze the fabric 12 in transit so as to remove from it most of the liquid carbon dioxide retained in its fibers.
  • the squeezer rollers 26 can be disposed in correspondence with the containing tank 22, to squeeze/compress the fabric 12 at exit from the liquid carbon dioxide bath 23 before immersing it into it again, or downstream of a winding/unwinding roller 20a, 20b to squeeze/compress the fabric 12 before it is wound thereon.
  • the treatment chamber 14, 15 can also comprise a removal device 28 configured to heat the fabric 12 before winding it onto one of the winding/unwinding rollers 20a, 20b at the end of the washing treatment in order to make the carbon dioxide retained in the fabric 12 gaseous, so as to remove it more efficiently by means of the feed and recirculation circuit 16.
  • the removal device 28 can be configured with a removal device acting through thermal action.
  • the removal device 28 can comprise a heated roller against which the fabric 12 can be made to pass.
  • the removal device 28 can comprise one or more heated plates.
  • the removal device 28 can comprise, or be connected to, heat generation means, for example steam generators, resistances, diathermic oil, hot water, infrared rays, ultrasounds, or other.
  • heat generation means for example steam generators, resistances, diathermic oil, hot water, infrared rays, ultrasounds, or other.
  • the recovery and recirculation circuit 16 comprises flow interception/regulation means V01-VN, configured to allow the passage of carbon dioxide from one of the treatment chambers 14, 15 to the other treatment chamber 15, 14 without requiring a phase change thereof.
  • the recovery and recirculation circuit 16 comprises a plurality of pipes and lines of communication and transit for the carbon dioxide, with which one or more regulation/interception valves V01-VN are associated.
  • valves V01-VN can be opened or closed to alternately allow or prevent the passage of carbon dioxide into the respective pipe or the respective line of communication and possibly to regulate the flow rate of the carbon dioxide through them.
  • the recovery and recirculation circuit 16 comprises at least one first line of communication that directly connects the first treatment chamber 14 and the second treatment chamber 15 through respective dedicated lines connected by means of suitable attachments to the respective gas apertures 19 of the treatment chambers 14, 15.
  • the recovery and recirculation circuit 16 comprises pressure regulation means 30, 32.
  • the pressure regulation means comprise in particular a suction device 30, for example configured as a vacuum pump, and a compression device 32, for example configured as a dry compressor that is able to act effectively on carbon dioxide in the gaseous state.
  • the suction device 30 and compression device 32 can be selectively connected to each other and each is also selectively connectable to one and the other treatment chamber 14, 15.
  • the compression device 32 can be connected simultaneously to both the treatment chambers 14, 15 through a respective gas aperture 19 so as to receive the gaseous carbon dioxide from a first treatment chamber 14 or 15, and at the same time to introduce it into the second treatment chamber 15 or 14.
  • the recovery and recirculation circuit 16 also comprises a condenser device 34 which can be located downstream of the compression device 32 and configured to condense the gaseous carbon dioxide.
  • the condenser device 34 can be connected to the collection tank 36 into which the liquid carbon dioxide can be conveyed.
  • a circulation pump 38 can be provided between the collection tank 36 and the liquid CO 2 entrance 17 of each treatment chamber 14, 15 so as to feed into it the carbon dioxide at a certain pressure.
  • the apparatus 10 can also comprise cleaning means 42, 44, 46 configured to clean the carbon dioxide of impurities and pollutant substances that can be present in it at the end of the washing process.
  • the apparatus 10 is able to recover substantially all the carbon dioxide used for each washing treatment of the fabrics 12 in one or the other treatment chamber 14, 15, obtaining only the oils and the substances extracted as waste to be eliminated.
  • the apparatus 10 allows to recover the carbon dioxide in liquid form through the liquid CO 2 exits 18a, 18b, and to recover the carbon dioxide in gaseous form through the gas aperture 19.
  • the washing apparatus 10 therefore allows to perform a "semi-continuous" treatment of the fabric 12, that is, to perform a washing treatment on a first fabric 12 in a first treatment chamber 14 while at the same time the second treatment chamber 15 can be cleared of the previous washing cycle and/or loaded with a second roll of fabric 12 to be treated.
  • Embodiments described here also concern a washing process which provides to use at least two treatment chambers 14, 15 to wash in each of them a fabric 12 using carbon dioxide as a solvent, and to recover and recirculate the carbon dioxide from one treatment chamber 14 to the other 15, or vice versa, by means of the recirculation and recovery circuit 16, without passing through a phase change of the solvent.
  • the process provides to recirculate the carbon dioxide in gaseous form from one treatment chamber to the other 14, 15 without needing to condense it and make it liquid, so as to considerably reduce the power required for recovery.
  • the treatment chambers 14, 15 can operate alternately, or in partly or totally overlapping washing cycles.
  • the washing process comprises inserting a roll of fabric 12 into a treatment chamber 14, 15, which is drawn on a plurality of rollers 20a, 20b, 21, impregnating the fabric 12 by spraying liquid carbon dioxide onto it, immersing it into the liquid carbon dioxide bath 23, and optionally a beating action to accentuate the effectiveness of the treatment, followed by squeezing in order to mechanically remove the excess carbon dioxide, and finally winding it on a winding roller 20.
  • the treatment chamber 14, 15 is closed and pressurized, as explained in more detail hereafter.
  • the pressure inside the treatment chamber 14, 15 can be comprised between about 10 and about 60 bar.
  • the washing treatment provides to perform at least one fabric washing cycle, defined by the complete unwinding/winding of the fabric 12 from one to the other of the winding/unwinding rollers 20a, 20b.
  • the number of washing cycles that is, the number of times in which a fabric 12 is unwound/wound on the respective winding/unwinding rollers 20a, 20b, can be chosen depending on the type of fabric 12 and/or the type of pollutants to be removed.
  • the process according to the invention provides to recover the gaseous carbon dioxide from the latter and transfer it to the other treatment chamber 15, 14 which has been previously loaded with a new roll of fabric 12 and possibly previously cleared with a high vacuum cycle.
  • the process of washing and recovery and recirculating of carbon dioxide according to the present invention can include a plurality of steps a) to j).
  • a first step a) is provided to balance the atmosphere, which provides to connect the first treatment chamber 14 and the second treatment chamber 15 directly.
  • a first line of communication comprised in the recovery and recirculation circuit 16 puts the respective gas apertures 19 in communication.
  • the first line of communication can be defined by opening valves V42, V47, V46, V45, V39 and V43 respectively.
  • At least one valve V46 can be of the type suitable to regulate the speed of flow of the carbon dioxide through the line.
  • the pressure in the first treatment chamber 14, after the washing of the fabric 12, can be comprised between 10 and 60 bar, while the pressure in the second treatment chamber 15 is much lower, preferably at a certain degree of vacuum.
  • the process according to the invention can provide a second step b) which provides to close the respective valves V42, V47, V46, V45, V39 and V43, intercepting the first line of communication.
  • the process according to the invention provides a third step c) to depressurize the first treatment chamber 14 and at the same time to pressurize the second treatment chamber 15.
  • the third step c) provides in particular to connect the first treatment chamber 14 with the entrance of the compression device 32 and the exit of the compression device 32 with the second treatment chamber 15, by means of a second line of communication.
  • the second line of communication can be defined by opening valves V42, V38, V36, V25 respectively (thanks to which the first treatment chamber 14 is in communication with the compression device 32), and valves V24, V45, V39 and V43 (thanks to which the compression device 32 communicates with the second treatment chamber 15).
  • the process according to the invention can provide a fourth step d) of activating the compression device 32 to suck up the gaseous carbon dioxide from the first treatment chamber 14 and introduce it into the second treatment chamber 15 until pressure values near to atmospheric pressure are reached in the first treatment chamber 14.
  • the process according to the invention can also comprise a fifth step e) of sucking up the residual carbon dioxide from the first treatment chamber 14 to a defined degree of vacuum.
  • the fifth step e) provides to connect the first treatment chamber 14 with the entrance of the suction device 30, the exit of the suction device 30 with the entrance of the compression device 32 and the compression device 32 with condenser device 34, opening respective valves to define a third line of communication.
  • the fifth step e) provides to perform three different operations e.i), e.ii) and e.iii).
  • a first operation e.i) provides to connect the first treatment chamber 14, the suction device 30, and the compression device 32, for example by opening respectively valves V44, V20 (between the first treatment chamber 14 and the suction device 30), V26 and V25 (between the suction device 30 and the compression device 32), and keeping valves V42, V38, already open in the third step c), in the open position to define said third line of communication.
  • a second operation e.ii) provides to close the connection between the compression device 32 and the second treatment chamber 15, for example by closing valves V24, V45, V39 and V43 respectively.
  • a third operation e.iii) provides to connect the compression device 32 to the condenser device 34, for example by opening valve V23, and the condenser device 34 to the collection tank 36 of the liquid carbon dioxide.
  • the process provides to perform operations e.i), e.ii) and e.iii) simultaneously.
  • the process provides to keep the recovery and recirculation circuit 16 in the configuration set in the fifth step e), and to keep the suction device 30, compression device 32 and condenser device 34 active until the desired degree of vacuum is reached in the first treatment chamber 14.
  • the degree of vacuum can be about 0.001 bar-absolute.
  • the process according to the invention provides a sixth step f) of intercepting all the lines of communication between the first treatment chamber 14 and the second treatment chamber 15 so as to perform the washing steps as described below.
  • the second treatment chamber 15 can begin the treatment cycle of the fabric 12 loaded therein, while the already washed fabric 12 can be removed from the first treatment chamber 14 which can be reloaded with a new roll of fabric 12.
  • the process according to the invention can provide a seventh step g) to restore atmospheric pressure in the first treatment chamber 14.
  • the seventh step g) can provide to connect an air introduction/discharge unit 40 to the gas aperture 19 of the first treatment chamber 14 by a fourth line of communication, for example defined by opening the respective valves V29, V36, V38, V42, and to introduce air inside the first treatment chamber 14 until atmospheric pressure is reached.
  • a fourth line of communication for example defined by opening the respective valves V29, V36, V38, V42, and to introduce air inside the first treatment chamber 14 until atmospheric pressure is reached.
  • the process according to the invention can comprise an eighth step h) of clearing the first treatment chamber 14 by means of a vacuum cycle so as to eliminate the air present in it.
  • the eighth clearing step h) provides to connect the first treatment chamber 14 to the suction device 30 and the latter to the air introduction/discharge unit 40, opening respectively valves V42, V38, V44, V20, V27, and to suck in the air from the first treatment chamber 14 until the desired degree of vacuum is reached.
  • the method provides to repeat steps a), b), c), d) as described above to pressurize the first treatment chamber 14, for example recovering the carbon dioxide from the second treatment chamber 15, or from a further treatment chamber, not shown.
  • the method according to the invention provides a ninth step i), in which the washing cycle of the fabric 12 is performed.
  • the seventh step of restoring the atmospheric pressure g) and the eighth clearing step h) carried out in the first treatment chamber 14 can be performed simultaneously with the washing step j) carried out in the second treatment chamber 15.
  • the ninth washing step i) provides to activate the circulation pump 38 to supply the liquid CO 2 entrance 17 with liquid carbon dioxide until the containment tank 22 is sufficiently filled to allow the fluid to overflow from the containment tank 22 because the latter is too full.
  • the ninth washing step i) provides to unroll the fabric 12 from an unwinding roller 20a and simultaneously wind it onto a winding roller 20b, causing it to pass in the containment tank 22 in the liquid carbon dioxide bath.
  • the method also provides to drive the beating devices 25 in such a way as to beat the fabric 12 in transit and increase the removal effect of oils, fats and paraffins.
  • the process provides to open valve V02 located on a balancing line of the carbon dioxide in the gaseous state, valve V04 of the exit line of the liquid carbon dioxide through overflow, and valves V07, V08, V12, to feed the liquid CO 2 entrance 17 from the collection tank 36.
  • the process can provide to connect the second treatment chamber 15 by means of the gas exit 19 to the condenser device 34 and the latter to the collection tank 36 of the liquid carbon dioxide, for example by opening the respective valves V43, V39, V37, V32 and V33.
  • the process according to the invention can comprise a further tenth j) step of cleaning the liquid carbon dioxide used during the washing cycle.
  • the cleaning of the liquid carbon dioxide can be carried out by distillation, to eliminate the substances taken into solution during washing (oils, fats, paraffins, etc.) by activating the evaporator device 42, the centrifugal oil separator 44 and the coalescing oil separator 46.
  • the process provides to open valves V08, V14, V16, V18, V30.
  • the tenth cleaning step j) can be carried out at the same time as the washing step i).
  • the cleaning step j) can be carried out after the washing step i).
  • the liquid carbon dioxide can be cleaned and regenerated by ultrafiltration.
  • the liquid carbon dioxide can be cleaned and regenerated in combination with or as an alternative to ultrafiltration, with other membrane technologies such as microfiltration, nanofiltration or reverse osmosis for example.
  • the liquid carbon dioxide containing the pollutant substances can be distilled without using ultrafiltration.
  • the seventh step of restoring atmospheric pressure g) and the eighth clearing step h) can be carried out in the second treatment chamber 15 at the same time as the washing step j) carried out in the first treatment chamber 14.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)

Claims (12)

  1. Procédé pour laver des tissus (12) en utilisant du dioxyde de carbone, caractérisé en ce qu'il prévoit d'utiliser au moins deux chambres de traitement (14, 15) fonctionnant en alternance, ou dans un cycle de lavage partiellement ou totalement en chevauchement, et pour effectuer dans chacune desdites chambres de traitement (14, 15) le lavage d'un tissu (12), dans lequel ledit procédé prévoit également de récupérer et de remettre en circulation le dioxyde de carbone utilisé dans une première chambre de traitement (14 ou 15) à la fin du lavage d'un tissu, et de l'alimenter dans ladite au moins une autre chambre de traitement (15 ou 14), en transférant le dioxyde de carbone d'une chambre de traitement à l'autre (14, 15) au moyen d'un circuit d'alimentation et/ou de récupération et de remise en circulation de dioxyde de carbone(16) qui relie lesdites au moins deux chambres de traitement (14, 15) l'une à l'autre, dans lequel les conditions de température/pression du dioxyde de carbone sont régulées de manière à permettre un passage du dioxyde de carbone sous une forme gazeuse d'une chambre de traitement (14 ou 15) à l'autre chambre de traitement (15 ou 14) sans aucun changement de phase.
  2. Procédé de lavage selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'il prévoit de récupérer le dioxyde de carbone à partir de l'une desdites chambres de traitement (14 ou 15) présentant une pression à l'intérieur de celle-ci supérieure à la pression dans l'autre chambre de traitement (15 ou 14) et de le transférer dans cette dernière, en faisant circuler le flux de dioxyde de carbone gazeux à travers une première ligne de communication définie en ouvrant une ou plusieurs vannes (V42, V47, V46, V45, V39, V43) et en reliant directement les au moins deux chambres de traitement (14, 15) l'une à l'autre.
  3. Procédé de lavage selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que ledit procédé permet de porter ladite chambre de traitement (14, 15) à une certaine pression comprise entre 10 et 60 bars au moyen d'un dispositif de compression (32) avant de commencer le traitement de lavage sur le tissu (12).
  4. Procédé de lavage selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il prévoit de mettre ladite chambre de traitement (14, 15) dans un état de vide à la fin des opérations de lavage d'un rouleau de tissu (12) en utilisant un dispositif d'aspiration (30) afin de le nettoyer et de le faire disparaître avant de commencer un cycle de traitement sur un nouveau rouleau de tissu (12).
  5. Procédé de lavage selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que lorsqu'une position équilibrée est atteinte entre les pressions desdites chambres de traitement (14, 15), il prévoit de fermer lesdites une ou plusieurs vannes (V42, V47, V46, V45, V39, V43) afin d'intercepter ladite première ligne de communication et d'extraire le dioxyde de carbone résiduel à partir de l'une desdites chambres de traitement (14 ou 15) en activant des dispositifs d'aspiration (30) et/ou des dispositifs de compression (32), afin de porter la pression à l'intérieur de celle-ci à des valeurs proches de la pression atmosphérique et en même temps de mettre sous pression l'autre desdites chambres de traitement (15 ou 14).
  6. Procédé de lavage selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que lorsque la pression désirée est atteinte dans ladite autre chambre de traitement (15 ou 14), et/ou à la fin du procédé de lavage, il prévoit de fermer la liaison entre ledit dispositif de compression (32) et ladite autre chambre de traitement (15 ou 14) et de relier ledit dispositif de compression (32) à la fois à un dispositif condenseur (34) et également audit dispositif d'aspiration (30), qui est en liaison avec une chambre de traitement (14 ou 15), jusqu'à ce que la condition de dépression désirée ait été atteinte à l'intérieur de ladite chambre de traitement (14 ou 15).
  7. Procédé de lavage selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend une étape de nettoyage qui permet de nettoyer le dioxyde de carbone des impuretés et des substances polluantes présentes dans celui-ci à la fin du procédé de lavage au moyen d'une distillation, d'une ultrafiltration ou d'autres technologies membranaires.
  8. Procédé de lavage selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que ledit cycle de lavage du tissu (12) comprend l'insertion d'un rouleau de tissu (12) dans une chambre de traitement (14, 15), étiré sur une pluralité de rouleaux (20a, 20b, 21), et l'imprégnation dudit tissu (12) par pulvérisation de dioxyde de carbone liquide sur celui-ci, son immersion dans un bain de dioxyde de carbone liquide (23), et une action de battement mécanique sur celui-ci pendant l'enroulement/déroulement dudit tissu (12) sur lesdits rouleaux (20a, 20b, 21).
  9. Appareil pour laver des tissus (12) à l'aide de dioxyde de carbone, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend au moins deux chambres de traitement (14, 15) fonctionnant en alternance, ou dans un cycle de lavage partiellement ou totalement en chevauchement, et un circuit d'alimentation et/ou de récupération et de remise en circulation de dioxyde de carbone (16) qui relie lesdites au moins deux chambres de traitement (14, 15) l'une à l'autre, dans lequel ledit circuit d'alimentation (16) comprend des moyens d'interception (V42, V47, V46, V45, V39, V43) et des moyens de régulation de pression (30, 32) configurés pour réguler les conditions de température/pression du dioxyde de carbone de manière à permettre un passage du dioxyde de carbone sous forme gazeuse d'une chambre de traitement (14 ou 15) à l'autre (15 ou 14) sans aucun changement de phase.
  10. Appareil de lavage selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que ledit circuit d'alimentation et/ou de récupération et de remise en circulation de dioxyde de carbone (16) comprend au moins une première ligne de communication, définie par l'ouverture d'une ou plusieurs vannes (V42, V47, V46, V45, V39, V43), qui relie directement lesdites au moins deux chambres de traitement (14, 15) l'une à l'autre, en permettant un équilibre de la pression entre elles.
  11. Appareil de lavage selon la revendication 9 ou 10, caractérisé en ce que lesdits moyens de régulation de pression comprennent au moins un dispositif d'aspiration (30) pouvant être relié sélectivement à l'une et/ou l'autre chambre de traitement (14, 15), et configuré pour aspirer le dioxyde de carbone gazeux présent dans les chambres de traitement (14, 15), afin de définir une pression souhaitée à l'intérieur de celles-ci, et un dispositif de compression (32), pouvant être relié sélectivement à l'une et/ou l'autre chambre de traitement (14, 15) et/ou audit dispositif d'aspiration (30).
  12. Appareil de lavage selon l'une quelconque des revendications 9 à 11, caractérisé en ce que chaque chambre de traitement (14, 15) comprend au moins deux rouleaux enrouleur/dérouleur (20a, 20b) configurés respectivement pour enrouler et dérouler un rouleau de tissu (12) de l'un à l'autre, et une cuve de confinement (22) appropriée pour confiner un bain de dioxyde de carbone liquide (23) dans lequel le tissu (12) est amené à transiter pendant son passage de l'un à l'autre des rouleaux enrouleur/dérouleur (20a, 20b).
EP17732328.4A 2017-06-05 2017-06-05 Procédé et appareil pour laver des tissus Active EP3635164B1 (fr)

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US20220112655A1 (en) * 2019-03-13 2022-04-14 The Hong Kong Research Institute Of Textiles And Apparel Limited Method and Integrated System for Non-aqueous Solvent Medium (NASM) Dyeing of Multiple Forms of Synthetic, Natural and Blended Textiles

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US4012194A (en) 1971-10-04 1977-03-15 Maffei Raymond L Extraction and cleaning processes
US4426746A (en) * 1980-07-30 1984-01-24 Sando Iron Works Co., Ltd. Method and device for sealing a high pressure steamer
US5267455A (en) 1992-07-13 1993-12-07 The Clorox Company Liquid/supercritical carbon dioxide dry cleaning system
US5858022A (en) 1997-08-27 1999-01-12 Micell Technologies, Inc. Dry cleaning methods and compositions
US5904737A (en) 1997-11-26 1999-05-18 Mve, Inc. Carbon dioxide dry cleaning system
TW426775B (en) 1998-03-16 2001-03-21 Ind Tech Res Inst Method of fibers scouring
EP2098307A1 (fr) 2008-03-06 2009-09-09 Linde AG Système de distillation pour machine de nettoyage à sec à CO2
JP2010180385A (ja) 2009-02-09 2010-08-19 Kobe Steel Ltd 連続高圧処理方法および連続高圧処理装置

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