EP3634649A1 - Traitement hydrophobe du bois - Google Patents
Traitement hydrophobe du boisInfo
- Publication number
- EP3634649A1 EP3634649A1 EP18729650.4A EP18729650A EP3634649A1 EP 3634649 A1 EP3634649 A1 EP 3634649A1 EP 18729650 A EP18729650 A EP 18729650A EP 3634649 A1 EP3634649 A1 EP 3634649A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- oil
- wood
- esterification
- pressure
- fluid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
- B27K3/02—Processes; Apparatus
- B27K3/08—Impregnating by pressure, e.g. vacuum impregnation
- B27K3/086—Impregnating by pressure, e.g. vacuum impregnation using supercritical or high pressure fluids
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
- B27K3/34—Organic impregnating agents
- B27K3/346—Grafting onto wood fibres
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- B27K2240/00—Purpose of the treatment
- B27K2240/70—Hydrophobation treatment
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method particularly useful for carrying out a hydrophobic treatment of a wood-type material and / or its by-products in order to block its recovery in water and thus improve its durability.
- wood Used as a material for building or heating, wood is extremely present in our society. In the field of construction, the wood is used for the interior (parquet, decoration, etc.) or outside (doors, cladding, etc.). In addition, there are many reasons to choose wood as a building material: appearance, thermal insulation, cost, environmentally friendly. Like other materials (concrete, bricks, polymers, plastics, etc.), wood for building is subject to drastic weather conditions (rain, wind, UV exposure, etc.) and fungal attacks (molds).
- Wood is a hygroscopic material.
- the dimensions and composition of a wood substrate are likely to change depending on its moisture content.
- this type of transformation is undesirable insofar as these modifications tend to alter the integrity of the material and therefore its life or its durability.
- this phenomenon of hygroscopy is more pronounced with woods such as pines, fir trees and more generally spruces, which are widely used woods given their moderate costs.
- "species" of wood or "species” of wood or even “varieties” of wood such as Douglas fir, which are expensive woods have lower sensitivities to humidity (use class 4).
- the esterification of the hydroxyl functions of wood is the method conventionally considered to make the wood hydrophobic and thus considerably improve its durability and thus its chemical or dimensional stability.
- fluids under supercritical conditions have been used as preferential vectors of antifungal and antimicrobial compounds for impregnating the wood, as well as for the extraction of undesirable substances.
- the invention relates to a process for esterification of all or part of the hydroxyl functions of a wood-type material and / or of one of its derived products, characterized in that it brings said material into contact with a fluid in a supercritical state carrying at least one natural unsaturated vegetable oil, preferably drying, under conditions conducive to carrying out said esterification, comprising at least the steps of:
- i) have, within a chamber, a wood-type material, preferably having a water content of less than 20% by weight relative to its total weight, and at least one unsaturated natural vegetable oil conveyed , preferably solubilized, in a liquid fluid capable of evolving under pressure in a supercritical state.
- step iii) exposing said impregnated material with said oil obtained in step ii) under conditions of pressure and temperatures effective to make said fluid evolve to a supercritical state and carry out said esterification reaction.
- the method according to the invention comprises a step of diffusion of said oil, conveyed by said supercritical fluid, within said material, and therefore in depth of said material, prior to said esterification.
- the process according to the invention makes it possible to access a hydrophobic treatment at depth of the treated wood, unlike processes without such a stage as those described in CN 104 985 653 A and WO 2013/070196 A2.
- this preliminary step is carried out at a pressure of between 15.0 and 25.0 MPa, preferably around 20.0 MPa, at room temperature and for a time sufficient to promote an effective impregnation of the material by said oil.
- step ii) requires pressurizing the chamber to a pressure of at least 15.0 MPa or even at least 20.0 MPa.
- Step iii) comprises the diffusion of said oil carried by the fluid in the supercritical state within said material and its interaction, by esterification, with the free hydroxyl functions of said material. It is advantageously carried out at a pressure greater than that considered in step ii) preferably to about 30.0 MPa, and under heating, preferably at a temperature ranging from 100 ° C to 150 ° C and preferably about 130 ° C and for a sufficient time for carrying out said esterification.
- the invention also relates to the use of a method as defined above, for the hydrophobic treatment of a wood-type porous material and / or its derived products and in particular for the purpose of increasing its durability.
- wood will be used generically to designate all the porous materials containing free hydroxyl functions within their structures and formed in whole or in part of wood, that is to say wood as such, but also products derived from wood.
- wood-based products is used to cover materials such as, for example, wood particles and composite products, for example agglomerated panels.
- the method according to the invention is particularly suitable for the treatment of a type of wood chosen from hardwoods such as beech and softwoods such as red cedar and those of the family Pinaceae such as fir, pine and spruce.
- the process according to the invention makes it possible to confer on woods with a lower cost than the species of wood species with slower growth, comparable properties in terms of environmental sustainability and in particular comparable weather resistance properties.
- the wood treatment method according to the invention implements at least one unsaturated natural vegetable oil.
- Vegetable oils are often divided into three categories, depending on their quality, and these categories are non-drying, semi-drying and drying. In contrast to non-drying oils, drying oils have the advantage of rapidly oxidizing and then becoming solid. They thus form a more resistant protective film.
- oil will be used to denote either a single oil or a mixture of oils.
- the oil considered according to the invention comprises unsaturations, preferably at least two unsaturations, and more preferably at least three unsaturations.
- the oil suitable for the implementation of the present invention contains carboxylic acid functions capable of reacting with hydroxyl functions commonly present in woods.
- these functions are in contrast inert with respect to supercritical fluids including carbon dioxide type.
- the oil suitable for the implementation of the present invention may be in particular a modified oil by chemical reaction.
- it can be refined and / or partially polymerized.
- blown oils and standolies there may be mentioned blown oils and standolies, maleinized oils, epoxidized or cooked.
- the oil considered according to the invention may also contain additives and in particular cobalt salt, zirconium salt and 2-ethylhexanoic acid (between 0.1 and 1%) which makes it more siccative.
- the oil considered according to the invention is a drying unsaturated vegetable oil.
- the drying oil of the invention may be advantageously chosen from among the follicle oil, linseed oil, pomegranate oil, castor oil, walnut oil, cotton, their derivatives and in particular their esters.
- the drying unsaturated vegetable oil according to the invention is linseed oil or raw and preferably raw.
- drying oils are commercially available.
- flaxseed oil marketed by RECOCHEM Inc.
- the oil considered according to the invention is used in sufficient quantity to obtain the expected hydrophobic treatment.
- the adjustment of this quantity falls clearly the skills of the skilled person.
- the implementation of an excess of oil is possible. It is then possible to consider in parallel its recycling.
- the oil (or mixture of oils) considered according to the invention is implemented at a weight equivalent to the weight of the material to be treated.
- the fluid in the supercritical state according to the invention is inert with respect to the vegetable oil with which it is used.
- a supercritical fluid is a fluid having a critical temperature, below which it is in the liquid state and a fluid in the supercritical state is a fluid which has been exposed, generally under pressure, to a temperature above its critical temperature.
- the supercritical fluid suitable for the present invention may be any suitable fluid such as, but not limited to, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide (N 2 0).
- It is preferably carbon dioxide.
- Carbon dioxide is a solvent that is considered “green”. Carbon dioxide has a relatively low critical temperature (31.1 ° C). It is virtually non-toxic, non-flammable, relatively inert and has little impact on the environment compared to the other supercritical solvents listed above.
- the fluid in the liquid state dissolves the lipophilic compounds that are unsaturated vegetable natural oils and is therefore effective for efficiently conveying them.
- the fluid loaded with oil and having evolved in the supercritical state diffuses efficiently within the material and thus guarantees efficient and uniform esterification of the latter.
- the pressure conditions conditioning the transition from the fluid state to the supercritical state are variable depending on the fluid in question and their adjustment is clearly within the skill of the skilled person.
- this conversion is carried out from 31 ° C. and under a pressure of the order of 20.0 MPa.
- the supercritical fluid is carbon dioxide and unsaturated natural vegetable oil is a drying oil and preferably a linseed oil.
- the process according to the invention does not require the obligatory presence of a catalyst for carrying out esterification.
- the process is carried out in the absence of an esterification catalyst.
- Such a catalyst has the advantage of accelerating the interaction between the free cellulosic hydroxyl groups and the carboxylic functions of the fatty acids of the oil and thus contributing to a faster retention of the latter in the wood.
- Such catalysts may especially be H 2 SO 4 or pyridine.
- the method according to the invention comprises at least the steps of:
- i) have, in a chamber, a wood-type material and preferably having a water content of less than 20% by weight relative to its total weight and at least one unsaturated natural vegetable oil conveyed, preferably solubilized, in a liquid fluid capable of evolving under pressure to a supercritical state
- esterification reaction exposing said material impregnated with said oil obtained in stage ii) to conditions of pressure and temperatures that are effective for changing said fluid to a supercritical state and carrying out said esterification reaction.
- the esterification reaction is carried out under anhydrous conditions. Indeed, in the absence of water, the yield of the esterification is considerably increased.
- the wood-type substrate advantageously undergoes, prior to being brought into contact with the supercritical fluid carrying the oil, a drying operation so as to significantly reduce its water content which could interfere with the smooth running of the chemical esterification reaction.
- the elimination of water may in particular be sanctioned by weighing the substrate before and after drying.
- this drying step is performed under conditions conducive to the reduction of about 10% of the initial weight of the wood-type substrate, which corresponds to a removal of water.
- the material considered in stage i) is advantageously a material having previously undergone a drying step intended to remove from 8% to 10% by weight of water relative to its total weight, preferably 9.4%. to 9.5% by weight of water relative to its total weight.
- Such drying can in particular be carried out by heating the material at a temperature of 100 ° C. in an oven.
- the material is then impregnated with said oil conveyed by said fluid in the liquid state.
- This step ii) or impregnation step is advantageously carried out under pressure so as to homogenize the system and bring the oil conveyed by the liquid supercritical fluid to and into the porosities of the wood.
- step ii) is carried out at a pressure of between 15.0 and 25.0 MPa, preferably about 20.0 MPa, at room temperature and therefore not supercritical and for a time sufficient to promote the reaction. impregnation of the entire material with said oil.
- an ambient temperature is of the order of 20 ° C to plus or minus 5 ° C, and preferably less than 30 ° C.
- the reactor containing the substrate to be treated can advantageously be pressurized at ambient temperature and under a CO 2 atmosphere, the pressure of which is equal to or less than 20.0 MPa.
- the esterification consisting in the functionalization at least in part of the free hydroxyl functions of the constituent cellulose of the substrate to be treated, with carboxylic functions of the fatty acids constituting the oil, can then intervene.
- Step iii) relating to this esterification is carried out at a pressure greater than that considered in step ii) and in the case of CO2 at a pressure, of the order of 30.0 MPa. and under heating preferably, at a temperature ranging from 100 ° C to 150 ° C and preferably about 130 ° C.
- the temperature within the chamber is adjusted to generate the supercritical form of the fluid in question, for example at a value greater than 31 ° C. for CO2, and to promote the esterification reaction.
- this temperature is greater than 70 ° C and is preferably of the order of 130 ° C.
- esterification can be carried out between 0.5 and 24 hours.
- An example of such a spectrum is shown in Figure 1.
- the uniformity of the esterification reaction carried out according to the invention can be in turn controlled by a measurement of wetting angle. Results of this type for a sample of red cedar treated with linseed oil are shown in Table 1 below. It can thus be observed that Theta (M) angle values are increased for a treated sample compared to the same wood sample before treatment.
- the process can advantageously be carried out within a device that can be closed, put under high pressure and heated. It may in particular be composed of a supercritical fluid supply in the liquid state, for example liquid C0 2 , a reaction chamber, a pump for pressurizing this fluid and a heating device.
- a supercritical fluid supply in the liquid state for example liquid C0 2 , a reaction chamber, a pump for pressurizing this fluid and a heating device.
- the process according to the invention uses linseed oil and supercritical CO2.
- the weight of the material treated according to the invention is increased from 0.1% to 10%, preferably from 0.3% to 5%, relative to its original weight.
- from 0.1% to 10%, preferably from 0.3% to 5%, of its weight in oil has been esterified within its structure.
- the method according to the invention is particularly interesting for performing a hydrophobic treatment of a wood-type material and / or its derivatives.
- Figure 1 Infrared spectrum of a 740N red cedar sample before treatment and after treatment 740.
- Figure 2 Infrared spectrum of a 74 IN fir sample before treatment and after treatment 741.
- Figure 3 Infrared spectrum of two samples of treated wood according to Example 4.
- a sample of red cedar (width 280 mm, height 200 mm, length 910 mm) is dried at 100 ° C in an oven for 24 hours to remove traces of moisture and traces of water likely to displace the chemical equilibrium of esterification.
- the initial mass of the red cedar sample prior to the process treatment is 12.578 g.
- the sample is placed in a 250 ml volume reactor equipped with safety devices, needle valves, manometer, and heating cord.
- the mass of linseed oil considered at the beginning of the esterification process is 11.396 g.
- the temperature of the reactor is then adjusted to 130 ° C., and the pressure to 30.0 MPa, for 6 hours.
- the equipment used is: K USS DSA10 Contact Angle Measuring System.
- Untreated red cedar wood (740N) gives the following water wetting angles: 81.2 ⁇ 8.6 ° and 87.8 ⁇ 4.6 °.
- the red cedar wood treated according to the process of the invention shows a clear increase in the measures of wetting angle indicating that the treated wood is more hydrophobic, and therefore has less affinity for water: 109.5 ⁇ 5.4 ° and 111.0 ⁇ 2.6 °.
- IR spectrometric analyzes were also performed on both samples.
- Figure 1 shows the results obtained.
- the hydrogen bonds generated by the carboxylic acids are responsible for the displacement of this signal. In contrast, this peak is not present for the untreated sample (see Figure 1).
- a fir sample (width 198 mm, height 199 mm, length 860 mm) is dried under the conditions detailed in Example 1.
- the initial mass of the fir sample before the treatment according to the process is 12.047 g.
- the mass of the fir sample after a drying step thereof is 10.898 g or 9.5% by weight of water removed.
- Supercritical carbon dioxide esterification treatment CO2SC
- the mass of linseed oil considered at the beginning of the process is 10.898 g.
- the sample thus esterified is then characterized.
- a sample of beech (diameter 197 mm, length 840 mm) is dried under the conditions detailed in Example 1.
- a sample of spruce (width 15 mm, height 25 mm, length 50 mm) is dried under the conditions detailed in example 1.
- the initial mass of the spruce sample before treatment according to the method is 8,110 g.
- the mass of the sample of spruce after a drying step thereof is 7.258g is 10.5% by weight of water removed.
- CO2SC Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Esterification Treatment
- Example 1 The protocol is in accordance with that detailed in Example 1 except that the linseed oil is introduced into the reactor with the sample of spruce and the liquid fluid and is directly exposed to pressure conditions and temperatures effective to make evolve the fluid to a supercritical state, as described in Example 1.
- a first sample is taken from the surface of the wood sample and a second sample is taken from the center of the sample.
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Chemical And Physical Treatments For Wood And The Like (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1755132A FR3067274B1 (fr) | 2017-06-08 | 2017-06-08 | Traitement hydrophobe du bois |
| PCT/EP2018/064751 WO2018224490A1 (fr) | 2017-06-08 | 2018-06-05 | Traitement hydrophobe du bois |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3634649A1 true EP3634649A1 (fr) | 2020-04-15 |
| EP3634649B1 EP3634649B1 (fr) | 2024-02-14 |
Family
ID=59699876
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP18729650.4A Active EP3634649B1 (fr) | 2017-06-08 | 2018-06-05 | Traitement hydrophobe du bois |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP3634649B1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3067274B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2018224490A1 (fr) |
Family Cites Families (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4202320A1 (de) | 1992-01-29 | 1993-08-05 | Dierk Dr Knittel | Verfahren zum impraegnieren von substraten |
| US6335058B1 (en) * | 1997-06-12 | 2002-01-01 | Windsor Technologies Limited | Method for treating a lignocellulosic material |
| DK199801456A (da) | 1998-11-10 | 2000-05-11 | Fls Miljoe A S | Fremgangsmåde til imprægnering eller ekstrahering af et harpiksholdigt træsubstrat |
| EA006343B1 (ru) | 2002-05-08 | 2005-12-29 | Супертре А/С Ундер Конкурс | Способ обработки древесины путем использования текучей среды-носителя под высоким давлением без повреждения древесины |
| NZ531217A (en) | 2004-02-18 | 2005-12-23 | Nz Forest Research Inst Ltd | Impregnation process |
| JP4686775B2 (ja) | 2006-02-15 | 2011-05-25 | 独立行政法人森林総合研究所 | 木材の改質方法 |
| AU2010327152A1 (en) | 2009-12-03 | 2012-06-28 | Vkr Holding A/S | Method for increasing the water resistance of a porous material, compositions therefore and porous materials treated according to the method |
| FR2973270B1 (fr) * | 2011-03-28 | 2013-03-29 | A R C Nucleart | Traitement oleothermique permettant de stabiliser dimensionnellement le bois |
| CN103917344A (zh) * | 2011-11-08 | 2014-07-09 | 英派尔科技开发有限公司 | 利用超临界稀有气体使用防腐剂处理木材的方法 |
| FR2992579A1 (fr) | 2012-06-27 | 2014-01-03 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Procede de traitement du bois avec une huile vegetale insaturee siccative en association avec des nanoparticules d'oxyde de cerium. |
| CN104985653A (zh) * | 2015-06-24 | 2015-10-21 | 南通亚振东方家具有限公司 | 一种用超临界流体处理木材的方法 |
-
2017
- 2017-06-08 FR FR1755132A patent/FR3067274B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2018
- 2018-06-05 WO PCT/EP2018/064751 patent/WO2018224490A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2018-06-05 EP EP18729650.4A patent/EP3634649B1/fr active Active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR3067274B1 (fr) | 2022-12-09 |
| EP3634649B1 (fr) | 2024-02-14 |
| FR3067274A1 (fr) | 2018-12-14 |
| WO2018224490A1 (fr) | 2018-12-13 |
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