EP3631154B1 - Vorrichtung zum erwärmen der produktionszone des reservoirs eines bohrlochs zur extraktion von kohlenwasserstoffen - Google Patents

Vorrichtung zum erwärmen der produktionszone des reservoirs eines bohrlochs zur extraktion von kohlenwasserstoffen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3631154B1
EP3631154B1 EP18734272.0A EP18734272A EP3631154B1 EP 3631154 B1 EP3631154 B1 EP 3631154B1 EP 18734272 A EP18734272 A EP 18734272A EP 3631154 B1 EP3631154 B1 EP 3631154B1
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Prior art keywords
tubing
reservoir
well
heating installation
pipe
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EP18734272.0A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3631154A1 (de
Inventor
Jean-Aur lien DAMOUR
Guillaume Coeffe
Daren JOHANNSON
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ITP SA
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ITP SA
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B36/00—Heating, cooling or insulating arrangements for boreholes or wells, e.g. for use in permafrost zones
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B36/00—Heating, cooling or insulating arrangements for boreholes or wells, e.g. for use in permafrost zones
    • E21B36/003—Insulating arrangements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/16—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
    • E21B43/24—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons using heat, e.g. steam injection

Definitions

  • the technical sector of the present invention is that of installations for heating the deposit of a well for the extraction of hydrocarbons present in geological deposits.
  • a frequently encountered problem is the low value of the absolute or total flow rate of the wellbore. This flow rate is linked to several factors, but it is essentially the viscosity of the extracted liquid that is the problem. This liquid is all the more viscous as its temperature is low. Depending on the composition of the liquids to be extracted, another problem may arise. In the case of a liquid containing fractions which can solidify, for example paraffins or asphaltenes, these fractions tend to solidify and this all the more so as the temperature drops. These fractions tend to settle and then gradually block the orifices of the producing zone, at the level of the casing, and in the deposit itself in the vicinity of the casing.
  • One solution consists of injecting a solvent for the heavy fractions into the reservoir zone.
  • a drawback is the need to plan the logistics around this solvent: supply, storage, etc.
  • Another drawback lies in the fact that the chemical action of the solvent only affects certain fractions.
  • Another solution by supplying heat consists in placing a heater at the bottom of the well in the drain.
  • This heater is advantageously an electrical resistor.
  • the difficult diffusion of this thermal power generates very high temperatures. This then raises problems of choice of materials, both for the resistance and for the end of the casing and/or of the extraction pipe. Given its location at the bottom of the well, it is difficult to produce such a reliable and easily maintainable resistor. Finally, for safety reasons, it is tricky to bring large amounts of electrical energy downhole, typically 100 to 500 kW.
  • Methods acting by adding heat have a double effect. They act on the deposits and on the fluidity of the heated liquid, thus increasing the extractable flow rate and the efficiency of the extraction.
  • the heat transfer fluid is water
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a system for improving the productivity of a well and increasing the recoverable reserves by adding heat in the reservoir at the producing zone of the deposit of a well by separating the heat transfer fluid and the extracted hydrocarbons.
  • the subject of the invention is therefore an installation for heating the producing zone of the deposit of a well for the extraction of hydrocarbons through the well connecting the surface to a deposit, comprising a substantially cylindrical casing consolidating said well and a means hydrocarbon extraction unit housed inside said casing and means for circulating a hot heat transfer fluid from the surface to the deposit, characterized in that it comprises through the well a first pipe thermally insulated from injection from the surface of the hot fluid towards the deposit, a second pipe surrounding the first pipe to bring the hot fluid back to the surface and a third pipe for extracting the hydrocarbons independent of the first and second pipes, the said pipes extending from the surface to the deposit.
  • Surface equipment consists of a tank or an expansion tank, a pump and a heater.
  • the hot fluid leaving the heater circulates in the thermally insulated pipe as far as the end of the latter then rises to the surface between the thermally insulated pipe and the second heating pipe.
  • the first and second pipes are connected to a hot fluid production station equipped with a storage tank or expansion tank, a pump and a heater to ensure circulation in continuous hot fluid in said pipes.
  • the first pipe is open at its distal end and the second pipe is closed at its distal end.
  • the first pipe is thermally insulated using a compression-resistant insulator, either by its compression resistance properties or by the addition of spacers regularly between the first and the second pipe.
  • the third pipe is connected to an extraction unit to bring the hydrocarbons produced in the strainer or drain to the surface.
  • the third pipe is open at its distal end and provided with a downhole pump.
  • the first pipe consists of a first inner tube surrounded by a second concentric outer tube and a thermal insulator housed in the space between the two tubes.
  • the thermal insulator is a microporous material and a reduced pressure is established in the space between the two tubes.
  • the reduced pressure between the two tubes of the first pipe is between 101.3 and 10000.8 Pa (1 and 100 mbar)
  • the first pipe is provided with an electric heating wire placed against the internal wall of the internal tube.
  • the heat transfer fluid for heating the deposit is an industrial thermal oil.
  • the invention also relates to the application of the closed-loop circulation installation to the closed-circuit preheating of a reservoir chronologically upstream of the hydrocarbon extraction phase.
  • An advantage of the invention resides in the production of a closed circuit allowing the supply of heat to the bottom of the well.
  • the heat is supplied both to the paraffins, asphaltenes or bitumen agglomerates that it melts, and to the liquid that it heats at the bottom of the well.
  • Another advantage of the invention lies in the fact that there is no mixing of the hot fluid and the recovered hydrocarbons, thus allowing the elimination of a hydrocarbon separation station.
  • Another advantage of the invention lies in the absence of pollution of the deposit since the hot fluid does not contaminate this deposit.
  • Yet another advantage of the invention resides in the use of even polluting fluid.
  • the hot fluid can be chosen from the fluids used in heating installations, for example an industrial thermal oil or water.
  • the hot fluid leaving the heater circulates in the first heat-insulated pipe as far as the end of the latter then rises to the surface between the first heat-insulated pipe and the second heating pipe. During this ascent, the heat energy contained in the hot fluid is dissipated by conducto-convection in the oil produced in the drain and in the deposit itself.
  • the temperature of the hot fluid is maximum at the surface at the outlet of the heater.
  • the thermal losses and therefore the reduction in the temperature of the fluid are low during the descent into the thermally insulated pipe.
  • the heat exchanges with the oil produced in the drain are important to allow the exchange of heat and the temperature of the fluid drops sharply.
  • An advantage of the invention lies in the possibility of using an industrial thermal oil as the heat transfer fluid.
  • the volume of oil required in the closed loop formed by the first and the second pipe is between 500 liters and 3000 liters.
  • Such thermal oil standard in the industry, will have a composition optimized to be heated to the desired temperature, typically 200°C or up to 300°C and will allow the use of surface equipment, pump and heater, standard in industry and less complex.
  • heating a hydrocarbon mixture to temperatures of the order of 200°C runs the risk of creating solid deposits on the heating elements of the boiler, which can lead to a reduction in heating power. see the rise in temperature of the heating element concerned and its degradation.
  • the method of heating a thermal oil will be simpler since the composition of the latter is uniform and it will be selected so as not to create deposits at the temperature envisaged.
  • Another advantage of the invention is that the quantity of water contained in the hydrocarbon produced no longer influences the design of the heater. If water is present in the hydrocarbon to be heated, from 0 to more than 90%, the heater will have to provide more energy to raise the temperature of the mixture by the same value and if steam appears, the exchanger efficiency drops.
  • Another advantage of the invention is that after a modification of the wellhead, this installation is independent of the other standard production equipment of the well and can therefore be installed and removed according to the needs of the well, leaving this equipment in place. downhole and surface production standards.
  • Another advantage of the invention lies in the fact that the pipes allowing the closed-loop circulation of the hot fluid can be made from coiled pipes known by the English term “coiled tubing”.
  • the double-walled thermally insulated pipeline can be produced from two coiled tubings and inserted into the second larger diameter pipeline, which can also be coiled tubing.
  • This triple pipe can be wrapped around a coiled tubing wheel for transport and installed in a single operation by a coiled tubing unit in the well. Specific parts are installed at each end of the coiled tubing to isolate or communicate the ring fingers as required by closed loop circulation.
  • Another configuration of this invention is the use of this circulation in a closed circuit to preheat a reservoir chronologically upstream of the hydrocarbon extraction phase.
  • Such preheating is necessary for some methods of recovering heavy hydrocarbons such as the SAGD (Steam-Assisted Gravity Drainage) process.
  • SAGD Steam-Assisted Gravity Drainage
  • This preheating can be carried out with moving surface equipment using high temperature thermal oil, 200°C or more.
  • This preheating configuration can advantageously replace preheating by steam injection for reasons of cost and planning of operations on an oil field.
  • An oil well is most generally made up of two essential parts, an outer pipe (designated by the English term casing ) responsible for consolidating the outer wall of the well in the ground and an internal pipe (designated by the English term tubing ) allowing the rise of oil to the surface.
  • a strainer or drain fulfills two functions: it ensures the filtration of the extracted crude oil which rises towards the surface and it prevents the collapse of the drilled hole in the producing zone.
  • Different manual and automatic valves ensure the tightness and safety of the well vis-à-vis the outside.
  • reference may be made to the patent FR-2881788 which illustrates the production conditions of a well by heat input.
  • figure 1 illustrates the upper and outer part of the wellbore and the figure 2 the part deep where the hydrocarbons to be extracted are found. As indicated previously, it involves heating the producing zone of the deposit of a well in order to extract the hydrocarbons still present in the deposit.
  • FIG 1 there is partially shown the upper part of the heating installation 1 of extraction ducts according to the invention in which the drilled vertical well 2 is consolidated by a cylindrical metal casing 3.
  • This well is related to a deposit as will be explained below.
  • a means 4 for extracting hydrocarbons is introduced on the surface and inside said casing 3 and means 5 making it possible to circulate a hot fluid from the surface towards the deposit to be heated then to new on the surface.
  • the extraction means 4 consist of an extraction unit 6 and a pipeline 7 connecting this unit to the hydrocarbon deposit.
  • the means 5 comprise a first heat-insulated pipe 8 for causing the hot fluid to circulate in a closed circuit from the surface to the reservoir and then back to the surface.
  • This pipe 8 is connected to a unit 9 for heating and injecting the hot fluid continuously with continuous control of the temperature and the flow rate.
  • This heating unit comprises a reservoir 23 or an expansion vessel, a pump 10 and a heater 24. It goes without saying that this pipe 8 connects the unit 9 to the hydrocarbon deposit that is to be heat.
  • the expansion tank 23 makes it possible to accommodate the increase in volume of the hot oil in the closed circuit and thus avoid any overpressure in the circuit.
  • This first pipe 8 is surrounded by a second pipe 11 to bring the hot fluid back to the unit 9.
  • the pipes 8 and 11 constitute with the unit 9 for the production of hot fluid a closed circuit for the continuous circulation of this hot fluid.
  • the installation according to the invention has been shown at the level of the hydrocarbon deposit 12 which comprises a substantially vertical part 13 and a substantially horizontal part 14 of length l.
  • the casing 3 whose end is provided with radial perforations 15 at its end in the deposit 12. These perforations allow the entry of the liquid 16 into the casing 3.
  • This part 14 of the casing is commonly called strainer and there are pipes 7, 8 and 11.
  • the pipe 7 extends from the surface to the beginning of the strainer 14 as can be seen in this figure.
  • the first pipe 8 is open at its distal end 17 and the second pipe 11 is closed at its distal end 18 by a transverse wall.
  • Insulator 21 may be a powder material commonly used in this field.
  • This reduced pressure can be between 1 and 100 mbar.
  • the hot fluid circulating in a closed circuit in the deposit 12 can act thermally.
  • its activity can be solvent in order to limit, reduce or eliminate deposits, such as paraffins, asphaltenes or agglomerates of bitumen, which during their solidification would be deposited near the perforations 15 of the envelope. 3, until coming to close them. Given that it is a closed circulation circuit, the reservoir 12 does not undergo any contamination by the fluid used.
  • the depth of the well being able to reach several hundreds of meters (100 to 2000 m), it is essential to provide heat at the level of the deposit 12, to have a pipe 8 highly thermally insulated.
  • a thermally insulated pipe 8 has been provided.
  • Line 8 is made using the technique known as “pipe in pipe”.
  • an insulator 21 Between the two tubes 19 and 20 is placed an insulator 21.
  • the inner tube 19 transports the hot fluid. This tube is mechanically protected by the second tube 20 of larger diameter concentric with the first tube 19 and thermally by the insulator 21.
  • an insulator between the two tubes 19 and 20 It is advantageous to provide an insulator 21 resistant to crushing, acting as a spacer, either by its properties of resistance to compression or by the regular addition spacers between the first and the second pipe, to prevent the two tubes 19 and 20 from coming into contact with one another.
  • a microporous material can be used as insulation between tubes 19 and 20.
  • This microporous material of the type described in the patent FR-2746891 , is advantageously obtained by compressing a powder, for example of fumed silica.
  • a compressed microporous material advantageously has a density of between 180 and 400 kg/m 3 .
  • the thermal insulating capacities of such a material are markedly improved when it is placed in the ring finger under low pressure between the two tubes 19 and 20.
  • an insulator 21 by producing a multilayer super-insulator consisting of reflective screens interposing layers of powder as described in the patent FR-03.13197 .
  • the screens consist of a reflective sheet, for example of aluminum, on which the powder is deposited, wound in a spiral on itself.
  • the powder has a particle size substantially equal to 40 ⁇ m, pores whose size is of the order of magnitude of the mean free path of the molecules of the gas in which this powder is placed and a density of between 50 and 150 kg/m 3 .
  • the insulating thermal capacities of such a material are markedly improved when it is placed in the annular ring under low pressure, between 101.3 and 10000.8 Pa (1 and 100 mbar) between the two tubes 19 and 20.
  • the material used to make these spacers must have good insulating behavior.
  • Such a material can advantageously be a microporous material as described above.
  • a pipe as described previously allows a sufficient heat input to make the hydrocarbons sufficiently fluid with a 20 to 500 KW boiler.
  • the installation 1 according to the invention makes it possible to increase the production of crude oil by 20 to 500%, to exploit abandoned reserves and to avoid any pollution of the deposits.
  • a pipe 8 according to the invention may consist of an outer tube 20 of 33 mm in outer diameter with a thickness of 2 mm and an inner tube 19 of 13 mm in outer diameter with a thickness of 2 mm and is able to transport 20 kW at 200°C over an overall distance of 1000 meters.
  • the pipe 11 can be a tube of 60 mm in external diameter with a thickness of 5 mm and the cylindrical casing of 178 mm in diameter in the vertical part and 114 mm in the drain or strainer section.
  • a pipeline 8 made up of an outer tube 20 of 60 mm in diameter and 6 mm thickness and an inner tube 19 of 33 mm in outer diameter and 4 mm thickness will easily transport 200 kW at 200°C over an overall distance of 2000 meters.
  • the pipe 11 can be an 89 mm tube with a thickness of 6 mm and the cylindrical casing of 244 mm in diameter in the vertical part and 178 mm or 140 mm in the drain or strainer section.
  • the first pipe 8 consists of a first internal tube 19 surrounded by a second concentric external tube 20 and a insulation 21 housed in the space between the two tubes.
  • This figure also shows the heating wire 22 arranged along the outer wall of the inner tube 19 from the surface.
  • the casing 3 which is a BB cut of the figure 2 , we find the casing 3 equipped with pipes 8 and 11.
  • the first pipe 8 consists of a first inner tube 19 surrounded by a second concentric outer tube 20 and an insulator 21 housed in the space between the two tubes.
  • the third pipe 7 goes from the surface to the beginning of the strainer 14 or drain and is therefore absent in this figure.
  • This figure also shows the heating wire 22 placed against the outer wall of the inner tube 19.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
  • Pipeline Systems (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Einrichtung zum Erwärmen (1) der Produktionszone des Vorkommens (12) eines Schachts für die Extraktion von Kohlenwasserstoffen über den Schacht (2), welcher die Oberfläche mit diesem Vorkommen (12) verbindet, aufweisend einen im Wesentlichen zylindrischen Mantel (3), welcher die Bohrung verstärkt, und ein Mittel (4) zur Extraktion von Kohlenwasserstoffen, welches im inneren des sogenannten Mantels untergebracht ist, und Mittel, welche es ermöglichen, ein heißes Wärmeübertragungsfluid von der Oberfläche zu dem Vorkommen (12) zirkulieren zu lassen, wobei die sogenannte Einrichtung über den Schacht (2) einen ersten thermisch isolierten Kanal (8) zur Beaufschlagung des heißen Fluids von der Oberfläche in Richtung des Vorkommens (12), einen zweiten Kanal (11), welcher an seinem abgelegenen Ende (18) geschlossen ist und den ersten Kanal (8) umgibt, um das heiße Fluid an die Oberfläche zurückzuführen, und einen dritten Kanal (7) zur Extraktion der Kohlenwasserstoffe, welcher unabhängig von dem ersten und zweiten Kanal (8, 11) ist, wobei sich die sogenannten Kanäle von der Oberfläche bis zu dem Vorkommen erstrecken, wobei der erste Kanal (8) an seinem abgelegenen Ende (17) offen ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der sogenannte erste Kanal (8) von einem ersten Innenrohr (19), welches von einem konzentrischen zweiten Außenrohr (20) umgeben ist, und einem Isolationsmittel (21) gebildet ist, welches in dem zwischen den beiden Rohren eingeschlossenen Raum untergebracht ist, und dass der sogenannte erste Kanal (8) mit einem elektrischen Heizdraht (22) versehen ist, welcher an der Außenwand des Innenrohrs (19) angeordnet ist.
  2. Erwärmungseinrichtung (1) nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der erste (8) und der zweite (11) Kanal mit einer Station (9) zur Erzeugung des heißen Fluids verbunden sind, welche einen Vorratsbehälter (23) oder ein Ausdehnungsgefäß, eine Pumpe (10) und eine Heizung (24) aufweist, um eine kontinuierliche Zirkulation des heißen Fluids in den sogenannten Kanälen zu gewährleisten.
  3. Erwärmungseinrichtung (1) nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der erste Kanal (8) mit Hilfe eines druckfesten Isolationsmittels thermisch isoliert ist.
  4. Erwärmungseinrichtung (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der dritte Kanal (7) mit einer Extraktionseinheit (6) verbunden ist, um die in dem Siebkorb oder Drain erzeugten Kohlenwasserstoffe an die Oberfläche hochzubefördern.
  5. Erwärmungseinrichtung (1) nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der dritte Kanal (7) an seinem abgelegenen Ende offen und mit einer Bohrlochpumpe versehen ist.
  6. Erwärmungseinrichtung (1) nach irgendeinem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das thermische Isolationsmittel (21) ein mikroporöses Material ist und dass in dem Raum zwischen den beiden Rohren (19, 20) ein verminderter Druck festgelegt ist.
  7. Erwärmungseinrichtung (1) nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der verminderte Druck zwischen den beiden Rohren (19, 20) des ersten Kanals (8) zwischen 101,3 und 10000.8 Pa (1 und 100 mbar) liegt.
  8. Erwärmungseinrichtung (1) nach irgendeinem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Wärmeübertragungsfluid zum Erwärmen des Vorkommens (12) ein industrielles Thermoöl oder Wasser ist.
  9. Anwendung der Erwärmungseinrichtung (1) nach irgendeinem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche auf die Vorwärmung eines Vorkommens in geschlossenem Kreislauf vor der Phase zur Extraktion der Kohlenwasserstoffe.
EP18734272.0A 2017-05-29 2018-05-28 Vorrichtung zum erwärmen der produktionszone des reservoirs eines bohrlochs zur extraktion von kohlenwasserstoffen Active EP3631154B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1770547A FR3066777B1 (fr) 2017-05-29 2017-05-29 Installation de rechauffage de la zone productrice du gisement d'un puits pour l'extraction d'hydrocarbures
PCT/FR2018/000143 WO2018220292A1 (fr) 2017-05-29 2018-05-28 Installation de réchauffage de la zone productrice du gisement d'un puits pour l'extraction d'hydrocarbures

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EP3631154A1 EP3631154A1 (de) 2020-04-08
EP3631154B1 true EP3631154B1 (de) 2022-05-25

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US (1) US20200182030A1 (de)
EP (1) EP3631154B1 (de)
CA (1) CA3063273A1 (de)
FR (1) FR3066777B1 (de)
WO (1) WO2018220292A1 (de)

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2004020895A2 (en) * 2002-08-30 2004-03-11 Enventure Global Technology Method of manufacturing an insulated pipeline

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2757738A (en) 1948-09-20 1956-08-07 Union Oil Co Radiation heating
US3964547A (en) * 1973-01-15 1976-06-22 Amoco Production Company Recovery of heavy hydrocarbons from underground formations
CA1130201A (en) 1979-07-10 1982-08-24 Esso Resources Canada Limited Method for continuously producing viscous hydrocarbons by gravity drainage while injecting heated fluids
US5040605A (en) * 1990-06-29 1991-08-20 Union Oil Company Of California Oil recovery method and apparatus
US5626193A (en) * 1995-04-11 1997-05-06 Elan Energy Inc. Single horizontal wellbore gravity drainage assisted steam flooding process
FR2746891B1 (fr) 1996-03-29 1998-06-05 Itp Tuyau pour canalisations du type a double enveloppe d'isolation thermique
FR2881788B1 (fr) 2005-02-07 2010-01-15 Pcx Procede d'amelioration d'extraction du petrole brut et installation mettant en oeuvre ce procede
MX352899B (es) * 2012-03-21 2017-12-13 Future Energy Llc Métodos y sistemas para energía térmica de fondo de pozo para perforaciones de pozo verticales.

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2004020895A2 (en) * 2002-08-30 2004-03-11 Enventure Global Technology Method of manufacturing an insulated pipeline

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CA3063273A1 (fr) 2018-12-06
EP3631154A1 (de) 2020-04-08
US20200182030A1 (en) 2020-06-11
FR3066777B1 (fr) 2020-11-27
WO2018220292A1 (fr) 2018-12-06
FR3066777A1 (fr) 2018-11-30

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