EP0457653B1 - Sicherheitshülse und Vorrichtung für Bohrlöcher, insbesondere für ein unterirdischen unter Druck stehenden Flüssigkeitsbehälter - Google Patents

Sicherheitshülse und Vorrichtung für Bohrlöcher, insbesondere für ein unterirdischen unter Druck stehenden Flüssigkeitsbehälter Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0457653B1
EP0457653B1 EP91401193A EP91401193A EP0457653B1 EP 0457653 B1 EP0457653 B1 EP 0457653B1 EP 91401193 A EP91401193 A EP 91401193A EP 91401193 A EP91401193 A EP 91401193A EP 0457653 B1 EP0457653 B1 EP 0457653B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sleeve
tube
central tube
safety
safety system
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP91401193A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0457653A1 (de
Inventor
Jean Chaix
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Francaise De Stockage Geologique "geostock" Ste
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Francaise De Stockage Geologique "geostock" Ste
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Priority claimed from FR9005931A external-priority patent/FR2661942B1/fr
Priority claimed from FR9100059A external-priority patent/FR2671375A1/fr
Application filed by Francaise De Stockage Geologique "geostock" Ste filed Critical Francaise De Stockage Geologique "geostock" Ste
Publication of EP0457653A1 publication Critical patent/EP0457653A1/de
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
    • E21B17/18—Pipes provided with plural fluid passages
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
    • E21B33/10—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells in the borehole
    • E21B33/12—Packers; Plugs
    • E21B33/122—Multiple string packers
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B34/00—Valve arrangements for boreholes or wells
    • E21B34/06—Valve arrangements for boreholes or wells in wells
    • E21B34/10—Valve arrangements for boreholes or wells in wells operated by control fluid supplied from outside the borehole
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/14—Obtaining from a multiple-zone well
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/28—Dissolving minerals other than hydrocarbons, e.g. by an alkaline or acid leaching agent
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/12—Methods or apparatus for controlling the flow of the obtained fluid to or in wells
    • E21B43/121—Lifting well fluids

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to tube systems which are arranged within wells, in particular for the exploitation of underground reserves of pressurized fluid, whether these are natural (oil deposits) or artificial (storage cavities in sufficiently impermeable mass).
  • a safety device facilitating the closure of any passage between these tubes and the outside of the well.
  • This device is rather called hereinafter “sleeve” because of its very structure.
  • a safety assembly comprising this sleeve, but also a part of the tubes as well as safety valves of known type, also forms part of the invention. It in fact authorizes the implementation of a method of operating the well in which it is disposed, which is particularly advantageous economically and reliable from the safety point of view.
  • the leaching technique which essentially consists of injecting fresh water through a dip tube 10 and recovering this water saturated with dissolved salt - rather called brine - by the ring finger between the tube 10 and a tube called a guard tube not shown and not permanent taking place in the well 2, results in the formation of a cavity 1, but also in the accumulation of insolubles 7 at the bottom of this cavity 1 while it remains filled with brine.
  • This assembly comprises, still going more and more towards the outside of the well: a protective tube 30 (also called hereinafter peripheral tube), a metal casing 20, a cement sheath 25. While the latter extends to the shoe 21 of the well 2 and guarantees good anchoring of the casing to the ground, a liquid of appropriate density, often called in the profession "completion liquid”, and based on brine is placed between the protective tube 30 and the casing 20. Retained below by the annular plug 31, this liquid has the function of exerting a support force on the casing 20, the resistance in particular to crushing can thus be reduced.
  • a protective tube 30 also called hereinafter peripheral tube
  • metal casing 20 While the latter extends to the shoe 21 of the well 2 and guarantees good anchoring of the casing to the ground, a liquid of appropriate density, often called in the profession "completion liquid", and based on brine is placed between the protective tube 30 and the casing 20. Retained below by the annular plug 31, this liquid has the function of exerting a support force on the casing 20, the
  • the "dewatering” then consists in injecting the gas G to be stored by the ring finger 9. Provided that its pressure is sufficient, it pushes back the interface 8 gas / brine towards the bottom of the cavity, brine B being thus forced to go up by the dip tube 10. In this way, the pressurized gas G gradually replaces the brine B within the cavity.
  • the dip tube 10 is most of the time amputated of all or part of its length extending into the cavity. This is why we give it instead the name of central tube 10 by referring to its position in the center of the well. It is by this tube that traditionally, the gas withdrawn is collected at the surface while the ring finger 9 can be voluntarily closed.
  • This mask 40 has a telescopic part 42 which, depending on whether pressurized oil is supplied by the control line 44 or not, has come out to its maximum length (FIG. 3) or is fully retracted (FIG. 4).
  • the mask 40 isolates the interior of the central tube 10 relative to the annular 9.
  • the lateral orifices 11 and 12 formed in the central tube 10 are, on the contrary, placed in communication with each other so that the gas injected during “dewatering” for example can bypass a fixed connection provided between central tube 10 and protective tube 30.
  • one of the lateral orifices 11 is released while the other 12 remains isolated by the mask. Consequently, the withdrawn gas is diverted from the annular 9 to the center of the central tube 10.
  • US-A-3,008,522 describes a device allowing, in a well in operation, the circulation of two different fluids, in a central tube and in an annular space, means allowing a determined level to pass a fluid from the central tube towards the ring finger, while the other fluid passes from the ring finger into the central tube.
  • the means described form restrictions on the circulation of fluids, in particular in the central tube.
  • a safety sleeve for wells communicating in particular with an underground reserve of pressurized fluid, a peripheral tube being disposed in said well as well as a central tube concentric with said peripheral tube so that an annular is defined therebetween , characterized in that said sleeve is constituted by a hollow cylinder having upper ends and lower as well as inner and outer lateral surfaces, said sleeve being adapted to be connected, at said outer lateral surface, to said peripheral tube and, at said lower lateral surface, to said central tube, an annular groove being formed in said lower lateral surface for receiving a plug and conduits adapted to put said annular in communication with said central tube, a first series of said conduits starting from said upper end of said cylinder to end at said inner lateral surface between said groove and said lower end of said cylinder while a second series of said conduits starts from said lower end of said cylinder to end at said inner lateral surface between said groove and said upper end of said cylinder.
  • each of said conduits is locally of cylindrical section, said conduits being preferably distributed circumferentially at equal distance from each other.
  • each of said series of conduits is formed by the envelope of parallel cylindrical channels arranged so that two neighboring channels interpenetrate.
  • said cylinder constituting said sleeve is machined in a steel billet. It can also be forged. Likewise, it preferably admits a height of between approximately 1.5 m and approximately 3 m.
  • the present sleeve then forms part of a safety assembly which, according to the invention, further comprises a length of central tube constituted by an upper piece connected to said upper end of said sleeve and by a lower piece connected to said lower end of said sleeve, at least said lower piece being provided with a safety valve capable of closing off said central tube in the event of an accident.
  • said length of central tube is of the order of ten meters.
  • a plug seat is preferably provided on each of said pieces of said length of central tube in the immediate vicinity of said sleeve.
  • said lower piece of said central pipe length finds advantage to end with an inner annular groove, another plug seat being disposed between said safety valve and said groove.
  • said safety valve is of the withdrawable type normally closed. It can take place around said length of central tube and include a control line for the supply of a hydraulic fluid which is held in place by virtue of its partial housing within said sleeve.
  • the outer lateral surface of said sleeve is provided with O-rings to seal between said sleeve and the peripheral tube.
  • the security assembly rather has a length of peripheral tube that is little different from said length of central tube and likewise consists of an upper piece connected to said upper end of said sleeve and by a lower piece connected to said lower end of said sleeve.
  • said peripheral tube is a protective tube taking place within a cemented casing
  • said upper piece of said length of protective tube then preferably comprises an orifice for the passage of said control line, means being provided in order to '' sealing said orifice.
  • a method of operating a well communicating in particular with an underground reserve of pressurized fluid, a peripheral tube being disposed in said well as well as a central tube concentric with said peripheral tube so that an annular is defined between them is characterized in that it implements the present safety assembly so that the flows established on the one hand in the central tube and on the other hand in the annular are able to cross.
  • a first operation of the present method consists in connecting said security assembly to said central and peripheral tubes, said upper piece of said length of central tube also being provided with another security valve capable of closing off said central tube in the event of an accident.
  • an intermediate operation of the present process then consists in filling said cavity with said gas, said gas being introduced under pressure by said central tube above said sleeve, then passing through said annular below said sleeve to pushing back said brine which rises through said central tube below said sleeve and is recovered by said annular above said sleeve.
  • a last operation of the present method consists in withdrawing said fluid from the surface or / and injecting it into said underground reserve by both said central tube and said annular.
  • a first operation of the said method consists in connecting the said security assembly to the said central and peripheral tubes, a jacket being applied in leaktight manner against the said inner lateral surface of the said sleeve so that the said conduits are closed, said plug being also removed, a subsequent operation of said method consisting of withdrawing from the surface said fluid in reserve or / and injecting into said underground reserve by said central tube only.
  • said assembly is disposed 30 meters below the ground surface, or even more if this is deemed necessary.
  • said well further comprises a cemented casing terminated below by a shoe, and that said peripheral tube consists of a protective tube taking place within said cemented casing, during the operation of connecting said assembly of security, said assembly is rather disposed about 10 meters above said shoe of said well.
  • upper sections of central tube are preferably provided with seals and fitted into said upper piece of said length of central tube of said security assembly while lower sections of central tube are instead secured within said lower piece of said length of central tube of said safety assembly via anchor dogs and an inflatable bladder so that said lower and upper sections can be removed at any time without having to undo said connection of said security assembly.
  • the present sleeve is preferably put in place from the "dewatering" phase. In the operating phase, it then authorizes the withdrawal and recovery of the fluid in reserve by both the central tube and the ring finger.
  • the cross section of the outlet fluid is increased, compared to the prior art, by the section of the annular. This amounts in practice to a doubling of section which further contributes to reducing the pressure losses and to improving the flow rates for a given flow rate.
  • the present security assembly also accommodates an oil deposit by adapting to both an injection and an exploitation well, that is to say a withdrawal. In this case, it is interesting first of all in "double completion" operations.
  • double completion In the field of petroleum production, the term “double completion” is commonly used in relation to deposits comprising two geological layers containing hydrocarbons, separated by at least one impermeable layer. Whether the hydrocarbons are then in the gas phase, in the liquid phase or even in the form of an oil-gas mixture, the “double completion” technique aims to recover them on the surface without contact between the fluids from each of the layers.
  • the method implemented so far consists in using a production well passing through the two layers. Its casing is then pierced with perforations at the right of each of the two producing layers.
  • two production tubes communicating with the surface and each provided with a safety valve are placed next to each other in the well. The first of them is for example shorter and stops opposite the upper perforations. The second extends to the lowest perforations and advantageously has a slight bend in order to make up for a more central position in the casing of the well as soon as the lower end of the first tube is exceeded.
  • the system is finally supplemented by two shutters arranged between the casing and the tubes in order to force the hydrocarbons to flow within the latter.
  • One of these shutters is located rather at the depth of the intermediate impermeable layer. Its shape remains simple, to plug the annular space between the second tube and the casing.
  • the other, on the contrary, is of a more complex structure since, being located above the upper producing layer, it must provide insulation while allowing passage to the two tubes
  • this security package can be of great service in terms of security.
  • the operators are able to choose to place it near the bottom of the well, that is to say in a place of least vulnerability in terms of both natural geological disorders and possible sabotage. They can also dismantle all or part of it and reassemble the elements to be inspected or repaired.
  • these advantages are added to that of the notable increase in the passage section at the outlet of the well. As soon as it is a well for exploitation of the deposit, this suggests the possibility of reducing the number of wells with the enormous financial savings that this represents.
  • the tube system finds itself in a situation similar to that of the prior art in the operating phase.
  • the advantage of a safety valve mounted around the central tube and not inside the latter remains, also releasing its full section for the passage of the fluid.
  • This aspect can also be combined with a particularly small ring finger whenever other considerations on flow allow.
  • the present sleeve simply acts as a shutter for the ring finger.
  • it remains particularly effective in this role since it is an integral part of the well tubes and therefore cannot be detached from it.
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 show a safety sleeve 100 in accordance with the present invention. It is indeed a thick-walled cylinder that can reach 1.5 to 3 meters in height, for example machined from a steel billet or forged.
  • the outside diameter of the sleeve corresponds more or less to that of the protective tube (peripheral tube) to be accommodated by the well.
  • Threads 132 in order to allow the connection of the sleeve to this tube are for example made.
  • a lower thread 132b can be directly provided on the external surface of the sleeve while an upper thread 132h can be formed inside a crown projecting axially from the sleeve.
  • the internal diameter of the sleeve is chosen so that the central tube 10 can be connected in leaktight manner within its internal hole 110.
  • Threads 112b lower and 112h upper are for example made for this purpose on the surface of the hole 110 inside around each of the ends of the sleeve 100.
  • conduits 131 are drilled in the same wall of the cylindrical sleeve 100.
  • Each of them has a longitudinal part which starts from the transverse surface of the wall of the sleeve, that is to say more simply from one of its ends.
  • they are designed to communicate with the annular 9 as soon as the sleeve 100 is mounted between its respective sections of protective tube 30 and central tube 10.
  • the longitudinal part is extended by a bend in an oblique part 113 which finally opens into the hole 110 inside the sleeve.
  • the conduits 131 consequently communicate with the central tube 10. They therefore connect the ring finger 9 and the interior of this tube 10.
  • the straight longitudinal parts of the conduits may be cylindrical and distributed circumferentially at equal distance from each other as shown in solid lines on the axial and transverse sections of Figures 5 and 6 respectively. Their number is adaptable according to the diameter of each conduit, the thickness of the wall of the sleeve, the desired flow rates, etc.
  • Figures 5 and 6 show eight, but they could just as easily be four or less. It is conceivable, on the contrary, to multiply them to the point that the various conduits interpenetrate and form a common passage between them. This is what is shown in Figures 5 and 6 in dotted lines. However, there is no question of connecting all the conduits together. Indeed, a first series of conduits (half in the figures) is provided to open above the plug seat 111 (cf.
  • FIG. 7 replaces the sleeve 100 which has just been described in the context of the protective tubes 30 and central 10 to be connected to it.
  • the latter are however represented very schematically. In particular, the details of the fittings by thread or even by interlocking are not reported. Likewise, the connections between the various pipe sections are not shown. However, their existence remains in the mind of those skilled in the art, so that we will not discuss them here any more. What should be retained from FIG. 7 illustrating a preferred safety assembly in accordance with the present invention essentially relates to a particular length 13 of the central tube 10 as well as a length 33 of the protection tube 30 which completes the sleeve to ensure the safety of the well.
  • the length 13 it is made up of two pieces 13b and 13h, which are more or less similar and which come to adapt on either side of the sleeve 100. Moving away from the latter. , we find identically on each of these two pieces: a plug seat 15, then a safety valve 50.
  • a plug seat 15 In FIG. 7, the mention "b" (for bottom) following the reference number makes it possible to distinguish the comparable elements of piece 13b and the mention “h” (for top), those of piece 13h.
  • the valves 50 are advantageously valves of the type removable normally closed; that is to say that in the absence of oil arrival by the control lines 51, the valves 52 of the valves 50 close and thus interrupt the passage within the central tube 10.
  • valves whose body 53 is arranged externally around the central tube 10 can easily be used with the interesting clearance of space within the tube 10 that this implies (in order to authorize the descent or the ascent various tools).
  • These valves 50 need not be particularly space-saving. They can optionally be installed with the cable in a known manner around the piece 13 of tube 10.
  • the security assembly comprising sleeve 100, pieces 13 of central tube 10 and pieces 33 of protective tube 30 as a all assembled on the surface to then be freely placed in the well or removed from the latter.
  • the free ends of the two pieces 13b and 13h are rather of distinct diameters, the upper piece 13h ending for example by a slight flaring 17 while the lower piece 13b does not change size.
  • the latter is optionally provided with a terminal annular groove 16.
  • the length 13 is able to be mounted within the central tube 10 while allowing easy disassembly regardless of the part of the tube 10 to be removed.
  • the details of the corresponding connections are however given below with reference to FIG. 8.
  • another plug seat 14 is also provided a little above the lower end of the piece 13b. This seat 14 as well as the seats 15 previously mentioned are arranged so that, the corresponding plugs once in place, the tube sections are insulated. The tightness and mechanical strength of each of these sections can then be tested separately using different tests familiar to those skilled in the art.
  • the length 33 of associated protective tube 30 also consists of a piece 33h upper and a piece 33b lower between which is the present sleeve 100.
  • the pieces 33 have for example a length comparable to that of the pieces 13 that they protect respectively.
  • Their only particularity is to include an orifice for the passage of the lines 51 for controlling the valves 50. As this orifice must also be sealed, it is advantageous for the two lines 51 h and 51 b of each of the two safety valves 50 to use the same path.
  • the line 51h of the upper valve 50h is preferably diverted towards the sleeve 100.
  • the lines 51 partly housed in the latter are also less likely to break due to excessive movement within the ring finger 9 .
  • the security assembly thus formed can reach a total length of the order of a few tens of meters.
  • a priori it is able to be placed in the well at any level between the surface and the shoe.
  • Two places referenced respectively 4h and 4b in Figure 1 are more advantageous. These are, on the one hand, approximately 30 meters below the surface and, on the other hand, approximately 10 meters above the hoof. Between these two positions, the deeper is even more interesting since it puts the safety assembly out of reach of many causes of damage in the well, for example earthquakes, surface explosions or readjustments of land following settlement or other geological phenomena occurring in the longer term.
  • Figure 8 relates to another embodiment of this security assembly.
  • sleeve 100 and the pieces 13b and 13h of central tube 10 arranged in the extension of the inner side surface of the latter. If necessary, sleeve 100 and pieces 13 are therefore formed in one piece.
  • the variant in fact concerns the external lateral surface of the sleeve. Rather than pieces 33 of protection tube 30 arranged in an extension, this time it includes gaskets 34, in particular toric seals.
  • FIG. 8 there are two at each end of the sleeve 100. Their function is to ensure sealing with the protection tube 30 in which the safety assembly thus formed is engaged.
  • the protective tube 30 has a suitable internal shoulder 35, it provides support for the assembly which is thus well maintained. Above it, it is advantageous for the protective tube 30 to be less adjusted to the external lateral surface of the sleeve in order to facilitate its descent to its final place.
  • Figures 9 and 10 illustrate precisely how the security assembly which has just been described is advantageously implemented when it is disposed in position 4b, near the shoe 21 of the well.
  • the assembly is in fact easily recognizable with its sleeve 100 within which the central plug 60 is subject - the seal being ensured by stages of O-rings 62 (cf. FIG. 7) -, its pieces 13h and 13b of tube 10 central receiving the safety valves 50 as well as its pieces 33h and 33b of protection tube 30. If the upper piece 33h of the latter is completed up to the surface, the lower piece 33b is on its side adapted to end with a narrowing 34 which allows it to fit within an annular shutter 70.
  • the tightness of the socket is guaranteed by various stages of seals interposed between the narrowing 34 and the shutter 70.
  • This other part is as for it provided in a conventional manner inside the casing 20 of the well at some distance above its shoe 21. It consists of a longer length of tube, wider and which is tightly fixed to the casing 20 using the annular plug 31 intended to retain the liquid 32 for completion. Then comes a converging length which continues in a barely narrower guide than the central tube 10 and comprising two plug seats 71 and 72. These make it possible to place plugs so that the tightness and mechanical strength of the protective tube 30 can be tested or that the bottom of the well is if necessary isolated from the cavity 1.
  • FIG. 9 shows upper and lower sections 10h and 10b of the central tube 10 sandwiching the length 13 of tube 10 of the this security package.
  • the upper 10h sections take place within the terminal flaring 17 of the upper 13h piece.
  • the corresponding nesting is carried out within, for example, O-ring seals so that the seal of the connection is guaranteed.
  • the lower sections 10b engage in turn in the right end of the lower piece 13b and are fixed there using anchor dogs.
  • An inflatable bladder 18 or other O-rings interposed between the facing pipes allow, if necessary, to ensure perfect sealing despite the relatively large difference in diameters. This difference is indeed advantageous; because, as soon as the bladder 18 is deflated, the operator can raise one or more of the lower sections 10b through the length 13 of central tube 10 (of course by removing the plug 60).
  • a safety seal 19 Preferably located lower than the annular shutter 70 on the central tube 10, there is a safety seal 19. Its role is to make possible the release within the cavity 1 of the rest of the central tube 10 which, in the "dewatering" phase at least, extends to the bottom of the cavity. This release can occasionally be ordered from the surface or even intervene automatically in the event, for example, of excessive stress on the tube (due to the fall of rocky blocks, etc.).
  • the tube system of Figure 9 representative of that used during "dewatering" leads to flows indicated by continuous arrows for brine B and dashed lines for gas G.
  • Another way of implementing the present security assembly during the operating phase consists, for example, first of all in removing from the latter the valve 50h of higher security. Likewise, the plug 60 is removed. Then a shirt adapted to take place in the hole 110 inside the sleeve 100 is lowered so as to be applied against the mouth of the oblique parts 113 of the conduits 131. As long as the application of the shirt is sufficiently tight, any communication of the tube 10 central with the ring finger 9 is thus prevented. And all of the gas G finally flows through the central tube 10 to the surface. The lower valve 50b left in place on the safety assembly is therefore able to interrupt this flow in the event of an accident.
  • FIG. 11 finally presents a block diagram of another embodiment of the present method. It is developed in particular as part of a "double completion" operation.
  • a vertical axis I-I has been postponed which corresponds to the axis of rotation of an oil exploitation well shown in longitudinal section.
  • This crosses a deposit comprising in particular two layers 210, 220 rich in hydrocarbons separated by a waterproof layer 200.
  • these layers are sketched on either side of the well in the form of sub-horizontal bands. Even if the hydrocarbons which they contain respectively are identical, distinct symbols mark them in the figure: dashes for those of the upper layer 210 and dots for those of the lower layer 220.
  • Two straight lines slightly inclined on the horizontal and located between the two layers symbolize a section to indicate, moreover, that they are distant by a priori any height.
  • the casing 20 of the latter is for example provided with perforations 21 (resp. 22) in line with the layer 210 (resp. 220).
  • the present invention provides for having two concentric production tubes there.
  • the inner tube rather called hereinafter central tube, descends beyond the upper producing layer 210 to the right of the impermeable layer 200. From then, its lower end should be opposite a part of the casing 20 devoid of perforations, and this over a sufficient height for an annular obturator 11, interposed at this location between the central tube 10 and the casing 20 , effectively prevents the hydrocarbons of the upper layer 210 from penetrating inside the central tube 10. Those coming from the lower layer 220 are then on the contrary free to rush into it (in particular under the effect of the pressure prevailing within the layer).
  • the outer tube will be called peripheral tube 30.
  • the space 32 separating it from the casing 20 is often filled with a relatively dense liquid.
  • An annular shutter 31 disposed in the space 32 then makes it possible to retain this liquid. Its role is to relieve the casing by exerting on it a radial support force.
  • the annular obturator 31 is arranged in accordance with the invention above the upper perforations 21 of the casing 20. It then encloses the lower end of the peripheral tube 30 so that the hydrocarbons coming from the upper layer 210 rise (also under the effect of their own pressure) inside this last tube.
  • the presence at this depth of the longer central tube 10 obliges them to flow only in the annular 9 between the two concentric tubes.
  • these tubes are further provided with a safety assembly as described above. Without giving here again all the construction details, we recall its general structure. First of all, it comprises a sleeve 100 in the form of a cylinder a few meters high and with a thick wall. Its internal diameter is chosen so that the central tube 10 is connected to it so that the internal surface of the sleeve 100 forms with it a single central pipe 110. In service, however, this central pipe 110 is closed with a plug 60 taking place in the sleeve 100 halfway between its upper and lower ends.
  • the outside diameter of the sleeve 100 is on its side chosen so that the peripheral tube 30 is connected to it so that the outside surface of the sleeve 100 forms with it a continuous intermediate space 32. It follows that the thickness of the sleeve 100 coincides more or less with the ring finger 9 between the two concentric tubes. The latter is not thereby blocked, because longitudinal ducts 131 are drilled there.
  • a first series of these conduits starts from the upper end of the sleeve 100 and, by a bent part 113, ends at its inner surface below the plug 60.
  • a second series of these conduits starts inversely from the lower end of the sleeve 100 and likewise ends at its inner surface, but this time above the plug 60. In other words, the crossing of the flows established respectively in the central pipe 110 and in the annular 9.
  • valves outside the central pipe 110 leaves the latter largely unobstructed.
  • the latter can be arranged at any depth. It is then chosen to place it according to security needs (vis-à-vis any sabotage for example) or relative to the activity of the well (for a more or less intermittent operation, etc.).
  • the sleeve 100 does not really constitute a constriction of the passage insofar as the conduits 131 pierced in its wall are very numerous (for example eight in each series). Likewise, it is not the valves 50 arranged around the central tube 10 which constitute a significant obstacle to the flows. It follows that the pressure losses on the ascent of the hydrocarbons are minimized.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Consolidation Of Soil By Introduction Of Solidifying Substances Into Soil (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)

Claims (30)

  1. Sicherheitshülse für einen Bohrschacht, der insbesondere mit einem unterirdischen Vorrat eines unter Druck stehenden Fluides in Verbindung steht, wobei ein peripheres Rohr in diesem Schacht und ein zentrales, zu dem peripheren Rohr konzentrisches Rohr so angeordnet ist, daß ein Ringraum zwischen diesen gebildet wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Hülse (100) durch einen hohlen Zylinder gebildet ist, welcher ein oberes und ein unteres Ende hat sowie eine innere und eine äußere Seitenfläche, wobei die Hülse (100) im Bereich der äußeren Seitenfläche an das periphere Rohr (30) und im Bereich der inneren Seitenfläche an das zentrale Rohr (10) angeschlossen werden kann, wobei eine Ringnut (111) zum Zwecke der Aufnahme eines Stopfens (60) in der inneren Seitenfläche ausgebildet ist, wobei die Hülse ferner Leitungen (113, 131) hat, um den Ringraum (9) mit dem zentralen Rohr (10) in Verbindung zu setzen, wobei eine erste Reihe dieser Leitungen (113, 131) von dem oberen Ende dieses Zylinders ausgeht und zwischen der Nut (111) und dem unteren Ende des Zylinders in die innere Seitenfläche mündet, während eine zweite Reihe der Leitungen (113, 131) von dem unteren Ende des Zylinders ausgeht und zwischen dieser Nut (111) und dem oberen Ende des Zylinders in die innere Seitenfläche mündet.
  2. Sicherheitshülse nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der hohle Zylinder dickwandig ist und daß jede dieser Leitungen (113, 131) einen in Längsrichtung in die Wand dieses Zylinders gebohrten Abschnitt (131) aufweist, der über einen Knick in einen schrägen Abschnitt (113) übergeht.
  3. Sicherheitshülse nach Anspruch 1 oder Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jede dieser Leitungen (113, 131) lokal einen zylindrischen Querschnitt hat, wobei diese Leitungen (113, 131) vorzugsweise in Umfangsrichtung einen gleichen Abstand voneinander haben.
  4. Sicherheitshülse nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es im ganzen acht Leitungen (113, 131) gibt, wobei jede dieser Reihen vier dieser Leitungen umfaßt, die einander unmittelbar benachbart sind.
  5. Sicherheitshülse nach Anspruch 1 oder Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jede dieser Reihen von Leitungen (113, 131) durch den Mantel von parallelen zylindrischen Kanälen gebildet ist, die so angeordnet sind, daß zwei benachbarte Kanäle sich durchdringen.
  6. Sicherheitshülse nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der die Hülse (100) bildende Zylinder aus einem Stahlblock herausgearbeitet oder geschmiedet ist.
  7. Sicherheitshülse nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß für den die Hülse (100) bildenden Zylinder eine Höhe zwischen ungefähr 1,5 m und ungefähr 3 m zugelassen ist.
  8. Sicherheitsanordnung, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie eine Hülse gemäß einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche umfaßt und ferner eine Gesamtlänge (13) des zentralen Rohres (10) vorsieht, die durch einen oberen, an das obere Ende dieser Hülse (100) angeschlossenen Abschnitt (13h) und durch einen unteren, an das untere Ende dieser Hülse (100) angeschlossenen Abschnitt (13b) gebildet ist, wobei zumindest dieser untere Abschnitt (13b) mit einem Sicherheitsventil (50b) ausgestattet ist, welches das zentrale Rohr (10) bei einem Unfall verschließen kann.
  9. Sicherheitsanordnung nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Gesamtlänge (13) des zentralen Rohres (10) in der Größenordnung von zehn Metern ist.
  10. Sicherheitsanordnung nach Anspruch 8 oder Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein Sitz (15h, 15b) für einen Stopfen an jedem der Abschnitte (13h, 13b) der Gesamtlänge (13) des zentralen Rohres (10) in unmittelbarer Nähe dieser Hülse (100) vorgesehen ist.
  11. Sicherheitsanordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 8 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der obere Abschnitt (13h) der Gesamtlänge (13) des zentralen Rohres (10) in eine Erweiterung (17) ausläuft.
  12. Sicherheitsanordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 8 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der untere Abschnitt (13b) der Gesamtlänge (13) des zentralen Rohres (10) in einen inneren Ringfalz (16) ausläuft, wobei ein weiterer Sitz (14) für einen Stopfen zwischen dem Sicherheitsventil (50b) und der Nut (16) angeordnet ist.
  13. Sicherheitsanordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 8 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Sicherheitsventil (50b) vom normalerweise geschlossenen, einziehbaren Typ ist.
  14. Sicherheitsanordnung nach Anspruch 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Sicherheitsventil (50b) um die Gesamtlänge (13) des zentralen Rohres (10) herum angeordnet ist und eine Steuerleitung (51b) für die Zuführung eines Hydraulikfluides aufweist, welche infolge ihrer teilweisen Anordnung im Inneren der Hülse (100) in ihrer Lage festgehalten wird.
  15. Sicherheitsanordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 8 bis 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß an der äußeren Seitenfläche der Hülse (100) kreisringförmige Dichtungen (34) angeordnet sind, um die Abdichtung zwischen der Hülse (100) und dem peripheren Rohr (30) zu gewährleisten.
  16. Sicherheitsanordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 8 bis 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie eine Gesamtlänge (33) für das periphere Rohr (30) vorsieht, die nur wenig verschieden von der Gesamtlänge (13) des zentralen Rohres (10) ist, und die ebenfalls durch einen oberen, an das obere Ende der Hülse (100) angeschlossenen Abschnitt (33h) und einen unteren, an das untere Ende der Hülse (100) angeschlossenen Abschnitt (33b) gebildet ist.
  17. Sicherheitsanordnung nach Anspruch 16, wobei das periphere Rohr (30) ein Schutzrohr ist, welches im Inneren einer Zementauskleidung angeordnet ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Sicherheitsventil (50b) um die Gesamtlänge (13) des zentralen Rohres (10) herum angeordnet ist und eine Steuerleitung (51b) für die Zuführung eines hydraulischen Fluides aufweist, welche infolge ihrer teilweisen Anordnung im Inneren der Hülse (100) in ihrer Lage gehalten wird, und daß der obere Abschnitt (33h) der Gesamtlänge (33) eine Öffnung für den Durchtritt der Steuerleitung (51b) aufweist, wobei Mittel vorgesehen sind, um die Dichtheit dieser Öffnung zu gewährleisten.
  18. Verfahren für den Abbaubetrieb eines Schachtes, welcher insbesondere mit einem unterirdischen Vorrat eines unter Druck stehenden Fluides in Verbindung steht, wobei ein peripheres Rohr in diesem Schacht und ein zentrales, zu diesem peripheren Rohr konzentrisches Rohr so angeordnet ist, daß ein Ringraum zwischen diesen gebildet wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine Sicherheitsanordnung gemäß einem der Ansprüche 8 bis 17 derart eingesetzt wird, daß die einerseits im zentralen Rohr (10) und andererseits im Ringraum (9) gebildeten Ströme sich kreuzen können.
  19. Verfahren für den Abbaubetrieb nach Anspruch 18, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine erste Operation dieses Verfahrens darin besteht, die Sicherheitsanordnung an das zentrale Rohr (10) und das periphere Rohr (30) anzuschließen, wobei der obere Abschnitt (13h) der Gesamtlänge (13) des zentralen Rohres (10) ebenfalls mit einem weiteren Sicherheitsventil (50h) ausgestattet wird, welches dieses zentrale Rohr (10) bei einem Unfall verschließen kann.
  20. Verfahren für den Abbaubetrieb nach Anspruch 19, wenn der unterirdische Vorratsraum durch einen im Kochsalz herausgelaugten Hohlraum gebildet ist, welcher zu Anfang mit einer Sole gefüllt ist, und wenn das Vorratsfluid ein Gas ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine Zwischenoperation dieses Verfahrens darin besteht, den Hohlraum (1) mit dem Gas (G) zu füllen, wobei dieses Gas (G) unter Druck oberhalb der Hülse (100) über das zentrale Rohr (10) eingeführt wird, sodann in den Ringraum (9) unterhalb dieser Hülse (100) übertritt, um die Sole (B) zu verdrängen, die unterhalb der Hülse (100) über das zentrale Rohr (10) hochsteigt und aus dem Ringraum (9) oberhalb der Hülse (100) entnommen wird.
  21. Verfahren für den Abbaubetrieb nach Anspruch 19 oder Anspruch 20, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine letzte Operation dieses Verfahrens darin besteht, das Vorratsfluid sowohl über das zentrale Rohr (10) als auch den Ringraum (9) an die Oberfläche zu fördern und/oder in den unterirdischen Vorratsraum einzuführen.
  22. Verfahren für den Abbaubetrieb nach Anspruch 19, wenn der Vorrat eine obere Kohlenwasserstoff-Produktschicht (210) und eine untere Kohlenwasserstoff-Produktschicht (220) umfaßt, wobei der Schacht mit einer Auskleidung (20) ausgekleidet ist, die die beiden Produktschichten (210, 220) durchsetzt und die auf Höhe der beiden Schichten (210, 220) eine verkleidete oder nicht verkleidete Wand hat derart, daß die Kohlenwasserstoffe der beiden Schichten (210, 220) in den Schacht eintreten können, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es darin besteht:
    a) im Verlaufe der ersten Operation dieses Verfahrens im Schacht anzuordnen:
    - das periphere Rohr (30) derart, daß ein unteres Ende sich oberhalb der oberen Produktschicht (210) befindet, wobei ein erster Ringstopfen (31) um das untere Ende des peripheren Rohres (30) herum angeordnet ist, um den Raum (32) zwischen dem peripheren Rohr (30) und der verkleideten oder nicht verkleideten Wand des Schachtes zu verschließen,
    - das zentrale Rohr (10) im Inneren des peripheren Rohres (30) derart, daß ein unteres Ende des zentralen Rohres (10) sich zwischen der oberen Produktschicht (210) und der unteren Produktschicht befindet, wobei ein zweiter Ringstopfen (11) um das untere Ende des zentralen Rohres (10) herum angeordnet ist, um den Raum zwischen dem zentralen Rohr (10) und der verkleideten oder nicht verkleideten Wand des Schachtes zu verschließen;
    b) im Verlauf einer weiteren Abbauoperation in Form eines "doppelten Abbaus" (double complétion) strömen zu lassen:
    - im unteren Teil des Schachtes die aus der unteren Produktschicht (220) kommenden Kohlenwasserstoffe im zentralen Rohr (10) und die aus der oberen Produktschicht (210) kommenden im Ringraum (9);
    - im oberen Teil des Schachtes die aus der oberen Produktschicht (210) kommenden Kohlenwasserstoffe im zentralen Rohr (10) und die aus der unteren Produktschicht (220) kommenden im Ringraum (9); wobei die Kohlenwasserstoffe dieser beiden Schichten (210, 220) sich im Inneren der Hülse (100) kreuzen.
  23. Verfahren für den Abbaubetrieb nach Anspruch 22, ferner dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Raum (32) zwischen dem peripheren Rohr (30) und der verkleideten oder nicht verkleideten Wand des Schachtes so eng gewählt wird, daß er gerade noch die Manöver zum Einsetzen des peripheren Rohres (30) ermöglicht.
  24. Verfahren für den Abbaubetrieb nach Anspruch 22 oder Anspruch 23, ferner dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Sicherheitsventile (50) ein Gehäuse (52) haben, welches um das zentrale Rohr (10) herum, dem sie zugeordnet sind, angeordnet ist.
  25. Verfahren für den Abbaubetrieb nach einem der Ansprüche 22 bis 24, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Wand des Schachtes mit einer Auskleidung (20) ausgekleidet ist, die mit Perforationen (21, 22) auf der Höhe der Kohlenwasserstoff-Produktschichten (210, 220) versehen ist.
  26. Verfahren für den Abbaubetrieb nach Anspruch 25, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zwischen der Auskleidung (20) und dem peripheren Rohr (30) eine vom ersten Ringstopfen (31) gehaltene Stützflüssigkeit angeordnet ist.
  27. Verfahren für den Abbaubetrieb nach Anspruch 18, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine erste Operation dieses Verfahrens darin besteht, die Sicherheitsanordnung an das zentrale Rohr (10) und das periphere Rohr (30) anzuschließen, worauf an die innere Seitenwand der Hülse (100) ein Mantel abdichtend angelegt wird derart, daß die Leitungen (113, 131) verschlossen sind, nachdem im übrigen der Stopfen (60) entfernt wurde, und wobei eine weitere Operation dieses Verfahrens darin besteht, das Vorratsfluid ausschließlich über das zentrale Rohr (10) an die Oberfläche zu fördern und/oder in den unterirdischen Vorrat einzufüllen.
  28. Verfahren für den Abbaubetrieb nach einem der Ansprüche 19 bis 27, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß während der Operation des Anschließens der Sicherheitsanordnung diese Anordnung zumindest 30 m unter der Erdoberfläche angeordnet ist.
  29. Verfahren für den Abbaubetrieb nach einem der Ansprüche 19 bis 28, wobei der Schacht außerdem eine Zementauskleidung aufweist, die am unteren Ende durch eine Manschette abgeschlossen ist, und wobei das periphere Rohr durch ein Schutzrohr gebildet ist, das im Inneren dieser Zementauskleidung angeordnet ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß während der Operation des Anschließens der Sicherheitsanordnung diese Anordnung sich etwa 10 m oberhalb der Manschette (21) des Schachtes (2) befindet.
  30. Verfahren für den Abbaubetrieb nach einem der Ansprüche 19 bis 29, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß während der Operation des Anschließens der Sicherheitsanordnung obere Teilstücke (10h) des zentralen Rohres (10) mit Dichtungen versehen und in den oberen Abschnitt (13h) der Gesamtlänge (13) des zentralen Rohres (10) dieser Sicherheitsanordnung eingesteckt werden, während untere Teilstücke (10b) des zentralen Rohres (10) im Inneren des unteren Abschnittes (13b) der Gesamtlänge (13) des zentralen Rohres dieser Sicherheitseinrichtung unter Zwischenschaltung von Verankerungselementen und eines aufblasbaren Körpers (18) befestigt werden derart, daß die unteren und oberen Teilstücke (10h, 10b) jederzeit herausgezogen werden können, ohne daß man den Anschluß der Sicherheitseinrichtung lösen muß.
EP91401193A 1990-05-11 1991-05-07 Sicherheitshülse und Vorrichtung für Bohrlöcher, insbesondere für ein unterirdischen unter Druck stehenden Flüssigkeitsbehälter Expired - Lifetime EP0457653B1 (de)

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FR9005931A FR2661942B1 (fr) 1990-05-11 1990-05-11 Manchon de securite pour puits communiquant notamment avec une reserve souterraine de fluide sous pression, ensemble de securite et procede d'exploitation du puits associes.
FR9005931 1990-05-11
FR9100059 1991-01-04
FR9100059A FR2671375A1 (fr) 1991-01-04 1991-01-04 Procede d'exploitation de gisements petroliers en "double completion".

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EP0457653B1 true EP0457653B1 (de) 1994-04-20

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CN106246223A (zh) * 2016-10-17 2016-12-21 中国石油天然气股份有限公司勘探开发研究院廊坊分院 一种针对含厚夹层盐层的造腔控制方法

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NO911817L (no) 1991-11-12
US5141057A (en) 1992-08-25
CA2042256A1 (en) 1991-11-12
DE69101738T2 (de) 1994-12-08
EP0457653A1 (de) 1991-11-21
NO911817D0 (no) 1991-05-10

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