EP3630704A1 - Procédé et dispositif de densification de matériaux ou de consolidation d'un assemblage de matériaux par frittage hydrothermal ou solvothermal - Google Patents
Procédé et dispositif de densification de matériaux ou de consolidation d'un assemblage de matériaux par frittage hydrothermal ou solvothermalInfo
- Publication number
- EP3630704A1 EP3630704A1 EP18725247.3A EP18725247A EP3630704A1 EP 3630704 A1 EP3630704 A1 EP 3630704A1 EP 18725247 A EP18725247 A EP 18725247A EP 3630704 A1 EP3630704 A1 EP 3630704A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- assembly
- chamber
- sintering
- materials
- pistons
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/64—Burning or sintering processes
- C04B35/645—Pressure sintering
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/14—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on silica
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/46—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on titanium oxides or titanates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/515—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics
- C04B35/547—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on sulfides or selenides or tellurides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
- C04B35/62605—Treating the starting powders individually or as mixtures
- C04B35/62645—Thermal treatment of powders or mixtures thereof other than sintering
- C04B35/62675—Thermal treatment of powders or mixtures thereof other than sintering characterised by the treatment temperature
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for densifying materials or consolidating a material assembly comprising a sintering step integrally carried out in a liquid medium or in a supercritical fluid medium.
- the reduction of surface free energy which is a driving force in sintering, can be promoted either by application of pressure or by promoting the diffusion processes of the material by thermal effect (two-stage sintering (TSS) , Microwave Sintering (MWS), Spark Plasma Sintering, Flash Sintering (FS), Hot Pressed Sintering (HPS) ... ⁇
- the use of nanometric powders (the grain size is typically between 10 and 100 nm) has emerged as a key solution because of the high surface area to volume ratio of the nanoparticles, which is a strong powerful driving force to promote diffusion processes, especially at high temperatures.
- Cold Sintering Process involves subjecting a powder, mixed with an aqueous solvent and placed in a mold, to the application of a uniaxial force via two movable pistons and a temperature.
- the pistons are not equipped with seals making the system leakproof, the water vaporizing during sintering to permanently evacuate the mold.
- the maximum temperatures and pressures used are respectively less than 200 ° C. and 500 MPa for periods ranging from 1 to 180 minutes. This process achieves compactness of 95%, often after additional heat treatments.
- the present invention aims at overcoming the disadvantages of the prior art by proposing a process for densifying materials or for consolidating an assembly of materials, such as ceramic / ceramic assemblies or ceramic / metal assemblies, which is simple in its design and in its mode of operation, allowing to significantly lower the sintering temperature while obtaining pieces reaching at least 95% of the theoretical densities.
- the present invention also relates to a sintering device for the implementation of this method.
- the invention relates to a process for densifying materials (such as metals or ceramics of oxides, sulphates, carbonates, phosphates, silicates, ... or non-oxides, crystalline or amorphous) or of consolidation of an assembly of materials (such as ceramic / ceramic, ceramic / metal, metal / metal) having a single sintering step consisting of simultaneous application inside a chamber, a uniaxial force and a sintering temperature to said material or said assembly placed in this chamber, said force being applied by at least two movable pistons one towards the another inside said chamber, the assembly formed of said chamber and said pistons, being sealed so that said sintering step is integrally carried out in a liquid medium or in a supercritical fluid medium.
- materials such as metals or ceramics of oxides, sulphates, carbonates, phosphates, silicates, ... or non-oxides, crystalline or amorphous
- At least one piston comprises a housing placed between said at least one sealing element and the end of the piston intended to be in contact with said material to be densified or assembly of material to be consolidated for recovering at least a portion of the fluid evacuated during the sintering step.
- the present invention thus makes it possible to densify materials or to consolidate assemblies of materials at low temperatures, typically below 500 ° C. and at pressures of between 50 and 350 MPa.
- Such a method thus makes it possible to manufacture low cost parts having a high and homogeneous compactness.
- a temperature below 373 C and a pressure greater than 22 MPa will typically be applied during the sintering step so as to make the process particularly economic.
- the use of water as a solvent during the sintering step makes this process particularly environmentally friendly and safe in terms of public health.
- This aqueous solution can be basic or acid depending on the material to be densified or materials to be consolidated.
- the aqueous solvent can be replaced by a non-aqueous solvent.
- the present invention allows the simultaneous control of the dissolution, precipitation and water flow reactions during the sintering step.
- the assembly formed of said chamber and said pistons is sealed by at least one sealing member carried by each piston.
- Each seal is thus arranged to cooperate with a portion of said chamber to seal the assembly formed by said chamber and said pistons, these pistons are at rest or moving.
- each sealing element of the reaction zone in which said sintering temperature is applied and said uniaxial force will also be placed at a distance.
- it may be an air cooling provided by cooling fins.
- the degree of humidity of said material or of said assembly of materials is determined and the latter possibly adjusted for carrying out said sintering step in liquid fluid medium or supercritical fluid medium.
- the outer surface thereof is moistened with an appropriate amount of aqueous solution or non-aqueous solvent.
- the wetting of its external surface is carried out homogeneously.
- a step of compacting said material for example by cold isostatic compaction, or said assembly of materials is carried out.
- said material or said assembly is moistened before or after compacting.
- said uniaxial force is applied directly by means of said pistons or by means of force transmission elements.
- said pistons and / or force transmission elements have bearing surfaces cooperating with each other to define the shape of the part to be manufactured.
- a pressure of less than or equal to 350 MPa and a sintering temperature of less than or equal to 500 ° C are applied in said chamber during said sintering step.
- a sintering temperature of less than or equal to 500 ° C. advantageously makes it possible to avoid solid state diffusion phenomena and to prevent granular growth.
- the present invention also relates to a low temperature sintering device for implementing the method as described above.
- this device comprises:
- a chamber intended to receive a material to be densified or an assembly of materials to be consolidated
- heating means for bringing said material or said assembly to a sintering temperature
- each piston comprising at least one sealing element for sealing the assembly formed by said chamber and said pistons, and a housing placed between said at least one sealing element and the end of said piston intended to be in contact with said material to be densified or assembly of materials to consolidate, for recovering at least a portion of the fluid discharged during the sintering step.
- this housing is in the form of a circular groove located between said at least one sealing element and the base of each piston in contact with said material or said assembly of materials, this groove acting as a reservoir for collect the evacuated fluid during densification.
- said heating means consist of a heating belt or heating collar.
- this heating belt comprises individual heating elements to ensure a homogeneous distribution of heat.
- the heating means consist of a coil for heating by inductive effect.
- This coil in the form of a heating belt, consists of at least one turn, copper for example.
- This form of heating means makes it possible to obtain a rapid rise in temperature. For example, it is possible to reach 450 ° C in 20 minutes.
- these sealing elements are seals, preferably Teflon or Silicone seals.
- these sealing elements moving in zones of excursion of said sealing elements during the displacement of said pistons, said device comprises first cooling means of each excursion zone.
- said first cooling means comprise a double wall connected to a cooling fluid supply circuit such as water, said cooling fluid being intended to circulate in the housing delimited by said double wall to ensure the cooling the corresponding sealing element in contact with the inner wall of this double wall.
- a cooling fluid supply circuit such as water
- said heating means being intended to heat only a portion of said chamber
- said device comprises second cooling means for cooling the portions of said chamber placed between said portion and said zones of excursion of the sealing elements, said second cooling means being configured such that said portions have intermediate temperatures between those of said excursion zones and said central portion.
- said second cooling means are constituted by cooling fins projecting from the body of the chamber and providing cooling by air.
- Such cooling of each sealing element advantageously allows the use of higher temperatures without altering these sealing elements.
- the device of the invention comprises at least one force transmission element, each force transmission element being intended to be interposed between one of said pistons and said material or said assembly of materials.
- said pistons and / or force transmission elements have bearing surfaces cooperating with each other to define the shape of the part to be manufactured.
- each force transmission element is a flexible part such as an inconel disc.
- each force transmitting element is greater than the diameter of the bearing surface of each piston.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a low temperature sintering device according to a particular embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a view of one of the two pistons of the sintering device of FIG. 1 showing the seal carried by this piston;
- FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic representation, in section, of the sintering device of FIG. 1.
- FIGS 1 to 3 schematically show a low temperature sintering device 10 according to a particular embodiment of the present invention.
- This device 10 comprises a chamber 11 intended to receive a material to be densified, such as a ceramic powder.
- This powder has been, prior to its introduction into this chamber 11, compacted to reduce its porosity raw and then moistened homogeneously.
- a material to be densified such as a ceramic powder.
- This powder has been, prior to its introduction into this chamber 11, compacted to reduce its porosity raw and then moistened homogeneously.
- This device 10 also comprises two pistons 12 sliding towards one another inside this chamber 11 for the application of a uniaxial force on the powder thus compacted and hydrated.
- Each piston 12 has a bearing surface 13 placed at its free end intended to come into contact with said powder to be densified, and a reservoir 14 determined by a circular groove to collect the overflow of fluid in liquid form discharged during the sintering step and a sealing member 15 placed at a distance from the bearing surface 13 of the piston.
- This sealing element 15 is here a Teflon seal.
- the seals carried by the two pistons 12 sliding in the chamber 11 allow to completely close the assembly constituted by said pistons 12 and said chamber 11, that is to say to seal this assembly so that during the step sintering, the fluid is constantly maintained inside the chamber 11.
- the device 10 also comprises a heating collar 16 for heating the portion of the chamber 11 in which the two pistons 12 apply a uniaxial force to the powder thus compacted and moistened.
- this heating collar 16 is configured to apply a sintering temperature of less than 500 ° C. to this powder thus compacted and moistened.
- This device 10 also comprises cooling fins 18 placed on either side of the part of the chamber 11 heated by the collar. This air cooling makes it possible to avoid a substantial lowering of the temperature in the sintering zone.
- this device 10 also comprises cooling means 19, 20 of each excursion zone.
- These cooling means comprise, here, for each excursion zone, a double wall defining an inner housing, the inner wall forming an integral part of the chamber 11.
- This housing is connected to a cooling fluid supply circuit such as water, which circulates in the housing to ensure cooling of the corresponding seal.
- This seal can for example be maintained at a temperature below 200 C.
- the compacted powder is thus subjected to the presence of a small amount of water or solvent at a pressure-temperature torque.
- the local stress gradients at the intergrain contact zones induce a dissolution phenomenon at the solid / liquid / solid interfaces and a precipitation which gradually fills the pores of the system.
- the initial size of the particles is preserved, which makes it possible to preserve nanometric architectures.
- the crystalline structure of metastable materials can also be conserved or induced when the sintering step is performed under conditions of adequate temperature and pressure.
- the manganese sulfate monohydrate powder used has a micrometric particle size and is naturally hydrated (MnSO 4 .H 2 O, 2H 2 O). The powder is not mixed with water and has not been precompacted.
- the material obtained retains a structure of the manganese sulfate monohydrate type, and has a compactness of about 94% at 100 ° C. and 95% at 200 ° C.
- the silica powder (amorphous) has a particle size of 70 nm. It is mixed with water (33% by mass). The mixture has not been precompacted and is introduced into the sealed chamber of the device of the invention to be subjected to hydrothermal sintering at a temperature of 300 C and a pressure of 190 MPa for 30 minutes.
- the material obtained is an amorphous silica and has a compactness of the order of 75%.
- a silica powder is mixed with an aqueous solvent (20% by weight), precompacted (cold isostatic compaction, 500 MPa, 5 minutes) and then introduced into the sealed chamber of the device of the invention to be subjected to a hydrothermal sintering at 300 C and 350 MPa, for 30 minutes:
- the material obtained is amorphous silica and has a compactness of about 85% when the solvent is pure water.
- Example 3 quartz a (sintering ceramics)
- the silica powder (amorphous) has a particle size of 50 nm. It is mixed with an aqueous solution of 5M sodium hydroxide (20% by weight of solvent) and precompacted (cold isostatic compaction, 500 MPa, 5 minutes) and then introduced into the sealed chamber of the device of the invention to be subjected to hydrothermal sintering. at 300 C and 350 MPa, during 90 minutes.
- the material obtained is crystallized with quartz-cc structure and has a compactness of the order of 96%.
- the TiO 2 powder of anatase structure consists of submicron aggregates (100-200 nm) of 15 nm crystallites. It is then mixed with water (10% by mass). It is then subjected to a precompacting step (cold isostatic compaction, 200 MPa, 5 minutes).
- the compacted mixture obtained is introduced into the sealed chamber to be subjected to sintering at a temperature of 330 ° C. and at a pressure of 350 MPa for one hour.
- the material obtained is of anatase structure, with a preserved crystallite size and has a compactness of the order of 62%.
- the powder consists of core-shell nanoparticles with manganite cores La 067 Sr 033 MnO 3 (30 nm nanoparticles) coated with a homogeneous bark in thickness and SiO 2 silica composition.
- the thickness of this layer can be modulated at will (2 nm minimum).
- the powder is mixed with an aqueous solution of 0.2M sodium hydroxide (20% by weight of solvent) and pre-compacted (cold isostatic compaction, 500 MPa, 5 minutes) and then introduced into the sealed chamber of the device of the invention to be subjected to hydrothermal sintering at 300 C and 350 MPa for 90 minutes.
- the material obtained is an architectural composite of type 0-3 in which the nanoparticles of manganite are homogeneously dispersed in the amorphous and densified matrix of silica.
- the relative density is in the range 77-83% and varies according to the initial thickness of the silica layer (10 nm for 77% and 2 or 5 nm for 83%).
- the size of manganite nanoparticles does not change and the formation Interphase between the cores and the matrix is not observed, which means that the manganite / silica interfaces are preserved.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Devices For Post-Treatments, Processing, Supply, Discharge, And Other Processes (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
- Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1754585A FR3066759A1 (fr) | 2017-05-23 | 2017-05-23 | Procede et dispositif de densification de materiaux ou de consolidation d'un assemblage de materiaux par frittage hydrothermal ou solvothermal |
PCT/EP2018/063555 WO2018215559A1 (fr) | 2017-05-23 | 2018-05-23 | Procédé et dispositif de densification de matériaux ou de consolidation d'un assemblage de matériaux par frittage hydrothermal ou solvothermal |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3630704A1 true EP3630704A1 (fr) | 2020-04-08 |
Family
ID=59930460
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP18725247.3A Withdrawn EP3630704A1 (fr) | 2017-05-23 | 2018-05-23 | Procédé et dispositif de densification de matériaux ou de consolidation d'un assemblage de matériaux par frittage hydrothermal ou solvothermal |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20200087213A1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP3630704A1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP2020520885A (fr) |
CN (1) | CN110662730A (fr) |
CA (1) | CA3063853A1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR3066759A1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2018215559A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN112140282B (zh) * | 2020-09-28 | 2022-02-15 | 中航装甲科技有限公司 | 一种提高硅基陶瓷型芯浆料流动性的方法 |
-
2017
- 2017-05-23 FR FR1754585A patent/FR3066759A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
-
2018
- 2018-05-23 CN CN201880034562.4A patent/CN110662730A/zh active Pending
- 2018-05-23 US US16/616,033 patent/US20200087213A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2018-05-23 WO PCT/EP2018/063555 patent/WO2018215559A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2018-05-23 EP EP18725247.3A patent/EP3630704A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2018-05-23 JP JP2019564978A patent/JP2020520885A/ja active Pending
- 2018-05-23 CA CA3063853A patent/CA3063853A1/fr not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN110662730A (zh) | 2020-01-07 |
JP2020520885A (ja) | 2020-07-16 |
WO2018215559A1 (fr) | 2018-11-29 |
CA3063853A1 (fr) | 2018-11-29 |
FR3066759A1 (fr) | 2018-11-30 |
US20200087213A1 (en) | 2020-03-19 |
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