EP3614067A1 - Öffenbare paneel-einheit - Google Patents

Öffenbare paneel-einheit Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3614067A1
EP3614067A1 EP19170894.0A EP19170894A EP3614067A1 EP 3614067 A1 EP3614067 A1 EP 3614067A1 EP 19170894 A EP19170894 A EP 19170894A EP 3614067 A1 EP3614067 A1 EP 3614067A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sound
attenuating
attenuating member
panel
frame
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP19170894.0A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Stuart Colam
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ove Arup Ventures Ltd
Original Assignee
Arup Ventures Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Arup Ventures Ltd filed Critical Arup Ventures Ltd
Priority to PCT/GB2019/052352 priority Critical patent/WO2020039196A1/en
Publication of EP3614067A1 publication Critical patent/EP3614067A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F13/00—Details common to, or for air-conditioning, air-humidification, ventilation or use of air currents for screening
    • F24F13/24—Means for preventing or suppressing noise
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F13/00—Details common to, or for air-conditioning, air-humidification, ventilation or use of air currents for screening
    • F24F13/24—Means for preventing or suppressing noise
    • F24F2013/242—Sound-absorbing material

Definitions

  • the levels of external noise mean that it is not desirable to open any windows. Since natural ventilation is not possible, overheating of the apartments can result. A lack of natural ventilation can be detrimental to health and comfort, and mechanical ventilation systems are expensive, with high energy requirements: they also require space to accommodate them.
  • the panel unit When the panel unit is mounted in a building fagade, the panel preferably presents an exterior surface to the façade such that if forms part of the façade: no interior panel (for example, a window) is additionally present to provide an interior surface.
  • no interior panel for example, a window
  • At least a portion of the externally-exposed, sound-absorbing surface of the first sound-attenuating member may be positioned to substantially oppose at least a portion of the externally-exposed, sound-absorbing surface of the second sound-attenuating member, at least when the panel unit is open.
  • the air path passes between opposing sound-attenuating members to achieve good levels of sound reduction.
  • Each sound-attenuating member has an externally-exposed, sound-absorbing surface provided in at least two planes, meaning that the primary and secondary sound-absorbing surfaces are each generally or substantially planar.
  • the primary sound-absorbing surface of the first sound-attenuating member lies in a plane which is generally or substantially parallel to a plane defined by the frame, at least when the panel unit is open and preferably when the panel unit is open and closed.
  • the primary sound-absorbing surface of the second sound-attenuating member lies in a plane which is generally or substantially parallel to a plane defined by the frame, at least when the panel unit is open and preferably when the panel unit is open and closed.
  • These primary sound-absorbing surfaces therefore extend in a direction which is generally parallel to the building façade or other surface structure which has the panel unit therein.
  • the primary sound-absorbing surface of the first sound-attenuating member lies in a plane which generally faces in the direction of the first air volume
  • the primary sound-absorbing surface of the second sound-attenuating member lies in a plane which generally faces in the direction of the second air volume, at least when the panel unit is open and preferably when the panel unit is open and closed.
  • the primary sound-absorbing surface of the first sound-attenuating member may lie in a plane which is generally or substantially parallel to the plane of the primary sound-absorbing surface of the second sound-attenuating member, at least when the panel unit is open and preferably when the panel unit is open and closed.
  • the first and second sound-attenuating members are positioned such that, when the panel is in an open position relative to the frame, the resulting air path does not follow a reverse direction at any point as this is not thermally efficient.
  • the air path is not substantially n-shaped, u-shaped, v-shaped, w-shaped or o-shaped at any point.
  • the air path created by the open panel unit of the present invention may be approximately S-shaped (for example), the air path does not follow a reverse direction at any point: the air path is loosely S-shaped in this example.
  • the panel unit separates a first air volume from a second air volume (eg in a building façade).
  • the second sound-attenuating member is preferably positioned on a region of the panel facing the first air volume, with the first sound-attenuating member on the frame substantially opposing at least a portion of the second sound-attenuating member, at least when the panel unit is open. At least part of the first sound-attenuating member is preferably positioned on a region of the frame facing the second air volume.
  • the second sound-attenuating member is preferably positioned on an edge region or regions of the panel. In one embodiment, substantially all of the edge region of the panel has the second sound-attenuating member(s) positioned thereon. Similarly, at least part of the first sound-attenuating member is preferably positioned on an edge region or regions of the frame. In one embodiment, substantially all of the edge region of the frame has the first sound-attenuating member(s) positioned thereon.
  • each sound-attenuating member is preferably elongate in shape or may comprise a series of sound-attenuating member units to form an elongate shape.
  • the longest dimension of the sound-attenuating member generally extends along the length of the corresponding edge region of the frame or the panel, as appropriate.
  • Each sound-attenuating member preferably has a cross-section which is substantially polygonal in shape, the cross-section being across the width of the member in a direction which is perpendicular to the plane defined by the frame or the panel, as appropriate.
  • This width-wise cross-sectional direction is the cross-sectional direction mentioned below in terms of the cross-sectional shape of a sound-attenuating member, even when the sound-attenuating member is not elongate, in the sense that its longest dimension does not extend along the length of the relevant edge region of the frame or the panel, as appropriate.
  • the first and/or second sound-attenuating members may have a shape which is a quadrilateral in cross-section (the cross-section being in a direction which is perpendicular to the plane defined by the frame or the panel, as appropriate).
  • This quadrilateral shape may be a parallelogram, or a rectangle.
  • Such sound-attenuating members with a quadrilateral cross-sectional shape preferably consist of two adjacent surfaces which are non-sound-absorbing and meet at a corner and may define an approximate L-shape, and two adjacent surfaces which are sound-absorbing and meet at a corner and may define an approximate L-shape.
  • a non-sound absorbing surface and a sound-absorbing surface meet at the other two corners.
  • the sound-attenuating members each define a sound-absorbing volume.
  • this volume may have the shape of a cube, a rectangular prism, a triangular prism, a pyramid or a combination thereof.
  • the volume may be regular, irregular or semi-regular in shape.
  • a suitable combination may be two adjacent rectangular prisms having their respective longitudinal axes arranged perpendicularly to one another, to provide an approximate L-shaped member when viewed in cross-section.
  • the second sound-attenuating member defines a sound-absorbing volume in the shape of a cube or a rectangular prism.
  • These preferred embodiments may relate to pop-out design panel units, sliding design panel units or hung design panel units (including tilt and turn designs).
  • the second sound-attenuating member defines a sound-absorbing volume in the shape of a cube or a rectangular prism and the first sound-attenuating member defines a sound-absorbing volume in the shape of three adjacent rectangular prisms having their respective longitudinal axes arranged perpendicularly to one another, to provide an approximate Z-shaped member when viewed in cross-section.
  • This embodiment may also be used for a hung window design.
  • an air cavity may be provided within the boundary of the sound-absorbing volume of the sound-attenuating member to increase the level of sound-absorption.
  • the primary sound-absorbing surface of the first sound-attenuating member may have a greater surface area than that of its secondary sound-absorbing surface; or the primary sound-absorbing surface of the first sound-attenuating member may have substantially the same surface area as that of its secondary sound-absorbing surface; and/or the primary sound-absorbing surface of the second sound-attenuating member may have a greater surface area than that of its secondary sound-absorbing surface; or the primary sound-absorbing surface of the second sound-attenuating member may have substantially the same surface area as that of its secondary sound-absorbing surface.
  • the surface areas of the respective primary sound-absorbing surfaces may be smaller than the surface areas of the respective secondary sound-absorbing surfaces.
  • the primary sound-absorbing surface of the first sound-attenuating member has a smaller surface area than the surface area of its secondary sound-absorbing surface, whilst the primary sound-absorbing surface of the second sound-attenuating member has a greater surface area than the surface area of its secondary sound-absorbing surfaces.
  • the primary sound-absorbing surface of the first sound-attenuating member has a greater surface area than the surface area of its secondary sound-absorbing surface
  • the primary sound-absorbing surface of the second sound-attenuating member has a smaller surface area than the surface area of its secondary sound-absorbing surfaces.
  • the relative surface areas of the primary and secondary sound-absorbing surfaces depend on the design of the panel unit and the desired levels of sound attenuation.
  • the primary sound-absorbing surface of the first sound-attenuating member lies in a plane which is as parallel as possible (dictated for example by the method of hinging/ sliding/ parallel opening, rotating etc) to the plane of the primary sound-absorbing surface of the second sound-attenuating member.
  • the secondary sound-absorbing surface of the externally-exposed surface of the first sound-attenuating member(s) may be adjacent to the aperture defined by the frame. When the panel unit is closed, the secondary sound-absorbing surface of the externally-exposed surface of the second sound-attenuating member may be located generally adjacent to the frame rather than adjacent to its aperture.
  • the externally-exposed, sound-absorbing surface of the first and/or second sound-attenuating member(s) is preferably at least partially perforated. Sound absorption is then assisted via the perforations on the externally-exposed surface of these members.
  • a micro perforated absorber may be provided.
  • the first and/or the second sound-attenuating member(s) may comprise one or more ribs, each rib preferably having a profile which is straight, curved or angled in cross-section (the cross-section being in a direction which is perpendicular to the length of the rib).
  • Each rib preferably has a cross-sectional shape substantially being an arc or a parabola.
  • a rib has a straight profile it preferably extends in a direction which is perpendicular (in cross-section) to a non-sound-absorbing surface and/or a sound-absorbing surface (for example a primary sound-absorbing surface).
  • the ribs are preferably positioned so as not to contact one other.
  • the ribs may be used to define the boundaries of the planes of the externally-exposed surface of the first and/or second sound-attenuating members.
  • One or more other corners may be provided where a sound-absorbing surface meets a non-sound-absorbing surface, these corners being porous to sound in one dimension (when viewed in cross-section).
  • the first and/or second sound-attenuating members may therefore be provided with one or more edges where a sound-absorbing surface meets a non-sound-absorbing surface, these edges being porous to sound from one direction.
  • first and/or second sound-attenuating members may therefore be provided with one or more edges where two non-sound absorbing surfaces meet, these edges not being porous to sound. These edges are typically located internally of the panel unit, so that they are not directly exposed to air.
  • Each rib defines at least two longitudinally-extending edges ('longitudinal edges') which extend to (and may touch or not) different surfaces or edges of its sound-attenuating member: these edges of the ribs are adjacent to or abut the relevant surface or edge of the sound-attenuating member.
  • the or each rib is configured such that the longitudinal edge of the rib proximate the air path is adjacent to or abuts a longitudinally-extending boundary edge (ie at a corner which is porous to sound in two dimensions) of two planes of the externally-exposed, sound-absorbing surface of the first and/or second sound-attenuating members defining the air path (eg. the longitudinally-extending boundary edge where the primary sound-absorbing surface meets the secondary sound-absorbing surface of each sound-attenuating member).
  • the first and/or second sound-attenuating members each have one, two, three or four ribs which have their distal longitudinal edges adjacent to or abutting a non-sound-absorbing surface of the sound-attenuating member, and have their respective proximal longitudinal edges adjacent to or abutting different sound-porous edges of the sound-attenuating member (these sound-porous edges being porous to sound from one or two directions): the distance between adjacent ribs is relatively small at their distal longitudinal edges compared to the distance between adjacent ribs at their proximal longitudinal edges.
  • the first and/or second sound-attenuating members each comprise one, two or three ribs.
  • the first sound-attenuating member has three ribs and the second sound-attenuating member has two ribs.
  • the sound-attenuating members are quadrilateral in cross-section and have one edge which is porous to sound from two directions, two edges which are porous to sound from one direction and one edge which is not porous to sound.
  • the second-sound attenuating member preferably has one additional rib which extends in profile from the same non-sound-absorbing surface as its first rib to one edge which is porous to sound from one direction or to an externally-exposed, sound-absorbing surface.
  • This non-sound-absorbing surface may be located opposite to the primary sound-absorbing surface of the second sound-attenuating member.
  • the primary sound-absorbing surface of the first and/or second sound-attenuating member has a longitudinal edge of a rib at one or both longitudinally-extending boundary edges of the primary sound-absorbing surface, each boundary edge being sound-porous from two directions or from one direction.
  • a longitudinal edge of a respective rib at both longitudinally-extending boundary edges of the primary sound-absorbing surface on the first and the second sound-attenuating members, one boundary edge preferably being sound-porous from two directions and one boundary edge preferably being sound-porous from one direction.
  • the air cavity may have a quadrilateral or triangular shape in cross-section (the cross-section being in a width-wise direction of the sound-attenuating member, this direction being perpendicular to the plane defined by the frame or the panel, as appropriate).
  • the air cavity may have the shape of a parallelogram (preferably a rectangle) in cross-section.
  • any air cavity in the sound-attenuating member of the frame may have the same or a different shape to any air cavity in the sound-attenuating member of the panel.
  • the sound-absorbing volume is defined by a housing having at least some perforated surfaces to form sound-absorbing surfaces; in some embodiments, the sound-absorbing volume is defined by a sound-absorbing material; and in other embodiments, the sound-absorbing volume is defined by perforated surfaces and a sound-absorbing material; these embodiments are not limiting and depend on the design of the panel unit.
  • the first and the second sound-attenuating depths may comprise either the corresponding sound-absorbing surface (for example, a perforated sheet) and a sound-absorbing porous material; or the corresponding sound-absorbing surface (for example, a perforated sheet), a sound-absorbing porous material and an air cavity, either contained within the sound-attenuating member or contained within the profile of the frame or panel.
  • first and/or the second sound-attenuating depths of the frame and/or the panel comprise an air cavity which is spaced from the corresponding primary and/or secondary sound-absorbing surface by at least the sound-absorbing porous material, this has the advantage of being able to provide a porous material which has a thickness of less than 30mm in a direction perpendicular to the relevant sound-absorbent surface.
  • the frame and/or the panel preferably comprises a profile which has at least one region provided with perforations and the cavity is formed within the profile adjacent at least part of the perforated region; the perforated region is preferably in a surface of the profile.
  • the profile of the frame and/or the panel may be substantially hollow.
  • the sound-absorbing porous material is not contained within a profile of a frame and/or panel, irrespective of whether the profile has at least one region provided with perforations to allow sound to pass therethrough.
  • Sound-absorbing material may be used elsewhere on the panel unit to increase sound attenuation whilst also providing thermal insulation.
  • a porous material such as acoustic foam can be used.
  • the present invention provides a tilt and turn panel in a building façade that guides air through an air path having at least one bend (eg a dog-leg shape or an S-shape), the air path being substantially lined with sound-attenuating members.
  • at least one bend eg a dog-leg shape or an S-shape
  • the present invention provides a sliding panel in a building façade that guides air through an air path having at least one bend (eg a dog-leg shape or an S-shape), the air path being substantially lined with sound-attenuating members.
  • at least one bend eg a dog-leg shape or an S-shape
  • the first and/or the second sound-attenuating member(s) may be partly integrated (but not fully contained) within the profiles of the respective frame or panel.
  • the panel may be movable into an open position such that it lies in a plane which is substantially parallel to a plane defined by the frame, or such that it lies in substantially the same plane as the plane defined by the frame, or such that it lies in a plane which is at a variable angle from the plane defined by the frame.
  • the sound-attenuating members may be formed integrally with the panel unit.
  • the sound-attenuating members may be retro-fitted to existing panel units, for example to existing window sashes and frames.
  • An internal noise level of 35 dB(A) is required for a comfortable night's sleep and a noise level of 45 dB(A) is required for comfort during the day.
  • mechanical ventilation is relied upon to keep internal noise levels acceptable.
  • Rw is an abbreviation for weighted sound reduction, as defined by British Standard BS717-1: 2013 relating to Acoustics: sound insulation in buildings and of building elements.
  • the Sound Reduction Index is used to measure the level of sound insulation provided by a structure such as a wall, window, door, or ventilator.
  • the Sound Reduction Index is expressed in decibels (dB).
  • the dimensions of the sound-attenuating members can be determined for a given acoustic requirement which is preferably a 5 to 12 dB(A) improvement, preferably an 6 to 10 dB(A) improvement, compared to the same panel unit, open the same amount, having the first and second sound-attenuating members absent from the frame and the panel respectively.
  • a given acoustic requirement which is preferably a 5 to 12 dB(A) improvement, preferably an 6 to 10 dB(A) improvement, compared to the same panel unit, open the same amount, having the first and second sound-attenuating members absent from the frame and the panel respectively.
  • Such an improvement would allow the majority of urban residences to be naturally ventilated. This is because about 50% of the urban population are exposed to night-time noise levels of 50-60 dB(A).
  • a parallel-opening panel unit of the present invention can be opened 80 to 120mm to allow sufficient ventilation whilst offering sound attenuation of around R w 5 to R w 15 more than the same panel unit, open the same amount, having the first and second sound-attenuating members absent from the frame and the panel respectively.
  • the openable panel unit of the present invention is able to simultaneously provide ventilation sufficient to control overheating and attenuation of noise ingress that is preferably R w 5 to R w 15 greater than the same panel unit, open the same amount, having the first and second sound-attenuating members absent from the frame and the panel respectively.
  • a standard open panel unit such as a window can offer sufficient ventilation, but little control on noise ingress.
  • a trickle vent is a suitable solution for high sound attenuation and low ventilation rates but provides a fraction of the air ventilation offered by the openable panel unit of the present invention.
  • a trickle vent in order for a trickle vent to be directly comparable to a pop-out type panel unit according to the present invention, over fifty trickle vents would be required.
  • Opening the panel unit of the present invention to provide a minimum distance of 80 to 120 mm between the frame and the panel is able to provide an improvement in sound attenuation in the air path of from 5 to 12 dB(A) compared to an identical panel unit, opened the same distance, having the first and second sound-attenuating members absent from the frame and the panel respectively.
  • the first and second sound-attenuating members may be removed from, or never mounted on, the frame and the panel respectively
  • This distance of 80 to 120 mm is the minimum distance between the frame and the panel (ie including the sound-attenuating members): an opening of this distance provides a clear air path for ventilation to prevent overheating, particularly where the opening area of the panel unit is 5% of the internal floor area of the room served by the panel unit. Also, opening a panel unit beyond 120mm in a high rise structure is not advisable for safety reasons.
  • the openable panel unit of the present invention is able to provide an integrated design which attenuates sound and that works thermally, aesthetically and structurally.
  • the openable panel unit in a preferred embodiment, is of a parallel-opening design or a sliding design.
  • Each sound-attenuating member has a primary sound-absorbing surface, being primary surface 18 of the first sound-attenuating member 10 and primary surface 20 of the second sound-attenuating member 12.
  • one primary surface generally faces in the direction of the first air volume, whilst the other primary surface generally faces in the direction of the second air volume.
  • the primary surfaces of the sound-attenuating members may be aligned substantially in parallel to one another, preferably with opposing primary surfaces, at least when the panel unit is in an open position.
  • the primary surfaces of the sound-attenuating members are aligned substantially in parallel to one another and also opposing one another when the panel unit is in a closed position.
  • the seventh embodiment is a hinged (or hung) window (for example a tilt and turn window which may open inwardly or outwardly), so the panel opens at a variable angle to the frame.
  • the primary surface 18 of the sound-attenuating member on the frame faces in the direction of the first air volume while the primary surface 20 of the sound-attenuating member on the panel faces in the direction of the second air volume.
  • the air path may flow in the opposite direction.
  • the air path shown in the figures has a general or substantial S-shape.
  • the secondary surface 24 of the sound-attenuating member 12 on the panel and the primary surface 18 of the sound-attenuating member on the frame have a greater effect on sound attenuation than the respective primary surface 20 and secondary surface 22, as a result of the likely route taken by the air path.
  • At least a portion of the primary surface 20 of the sound-attenuating member 12 on the panel opposes at least a portion of the primary surface 18 of the sound-attenuating member 10 on the frame. Also, in these embodiments, since the sound-attenuating members on the frame and the panel are arranged to have a frame shape, their primary surfaces are also arranged to have a frame shape.
  • the first and second sound-attenuating members 10 and 12 may abut one another, at least in part. This assists in sealing the panel unit and also provides for sound attenuation when the panel unit is closed.
  • the sound-attenuating members each have a secondary sound-absorbing surface.
  • the sound-attenuating member 10 on the frame has a secondary sound-absorbing surface 22
  • the sound-attenuating member 12 on the panel has a secondary sound-absorbing surface 24.
  • the air path is defined at least in part by the primary and secondary sound-absorbing surfaces of the first and second sound-attenuating members.
  • the angle between the plane of the primary sound-absorbing surface 18 and the plane of the secondary sound-absorbing surface 22 of the first sound-attenuating member 10 is substantially 68 degrees at corner 34. Also, the angle between the plane of the primary sound-absorbing surface 20 and the plane of the secondary sound-absorbing surface 24 of the second sound-attenuating member 12 is substantially 68 degrees at corner 34.
  • each sound-attenuating member preferably meet at corner 34, this corner is porous to sound in two dimensions (when viewed in cross-section).
  • the first and/or second sound-attenuating members are therefore provided with one or more edges where two sound-absorbing surfaces meet, these edges being porous to sound from two directions.
  • One or more other corners 42 may be provided where two non-sound absorbing surfaces meet, these corners not being porous to sound.
  • the first and/or second sound-attenuating members may therefore be provided with one or more edges where two non-sound absorbing surfaces meet, these edges not being porous to sound. These edges are typically located internally of the panel unit, so that they are not directly exposed to air.
  • each sound-attenuating member is elongate in shape with a width-wise cross-section which is substantially polygonal in shape, the cross-section being in a direction which is perpendicular to the plane defined by the frame or the panel, as appropriate.
  • the first and second sound-attenuating members define a sound-absorbing volume having a shape which is substantially quadrilateral in cross-section.
  • the externally-exposed, sound absorbing surface of the first sound-attenuating member 10 extends beyond the quadrilateral shape of the sound-absorbing volume to define an approximate Z-shape in cross-section: in this respect, the primary and secondary sound-absorbing surfaces meet at one corner 34 and the primary sound-absorbing surface meets a tertiary sound-absorbing surface 36 at another corner 34', so that the primary sound-absorbing surface 18 is common to both corners.
  • the secondary sound-absorbing surface 22 is substantially parallel to the tertiary sound-absorbing surface 36.
  • the first sound-attenuating member 10 has a sound-absorbing volume which is substantially L-shaped (step-shaped) in cross-section.
  • the externally-exposed, sound absorbing surface of the first sound-attenuating member 10 defines an approximate Z-shape (step-shape) in cross-section: in this respect, the primary and secondary sound-absorbing surfaces meet at one corner 34 and the primary sound-absorbing surface meets a tertiary sound-absorbing surface 36 at another corner 34', so that the primary sound-absorbing surface is common to both corners.
  • the secondary sound-absorbing surface 22 is substantially parallel to the tertiary sound-absorbing surface 36.
  • the second sound-attenuating member 12 defines a sound-absorbing volume having a shape which is substantially quadrilateral in cross-section.
  • the first sound-attenuating member 10 has a sound-absorbing volume which is substantially Z-shaped (step-shaped) in cross-section.
  • the externally-exposed, sound absorbing surface of the first sound-attenuating member 10 defines an approximate Z-shape (step-shape) in cross-section: in this respect, the primary and secondary sound-absorbing surfaces meet at one corner 34 and the primary sound-absorbing surface meets a tertiary sound-absorbing surface 36 at another corner 34', so that the primary sound-absorbing surface is common to both corners: these corners may define approximate right angles.
  • the secondary sound-absorbing surface 22 is substantially parallel to the tertiary sound-absorbing surface 36.
  • the second sound-attenuating member 12 defines a sound-absorbing volume having a shape which is substantially quadrilateral in cross-section.
  • the ratio of the length of the secondary sound-absorbing surface 24 of the second sound-attenuating member 12 to the length of the primary sound-absorbing surface 20 of the second sound-attenuating member is greater than or equal to 0.5 and less than or equal to 2.0, when viewed in cross-section across the width of the second sound-attenuating member in a direction which is perpendicular to the plane defined by the panel.
  • the angle between the plane of the primary sound-absorbing surface and the plane of the secondary sound-absorbing surface of the first sound-attenuating member may be 50 to 130 degrees, preferably 60 to 120 degrees and more preferably 60 to 110 degrees.
  • the angle between the plane of the primary sound-absorbing surface and the plane of the secondary sound-absorbing surface of the second sound-attenuating member may be 50 to 130 degrees, preferably 60 to 120 degrees and more preferably 60 to 110 degrees.
  • Adjacent sound-attenuating members lie along a common axis (for example, to define an edge of a frame shape) or lie along axes which are perpendicular to one another (for example, to define the corner of a frame shape).
  • More than one sound-attenuating member may be provided on the panel and/or the frame.
  • an additional sound-attenuating member 40 is provided on the frame: the additional sound-attenuating member 40 has an externally-exposed sound-absorbing surface provided in a single plane only.
  • an additional sound-attenuating member 40 is provided on the panel: the additional sound-attenuating member 40 has an externally-exposed sound-absorbing surface provided in two perpendicular planes (and a tertiary externally-exposed sound-absorbing surface may be provided opposite the secondary sound-absorbing surface): it therefore has primary and secondary sound-absorbing surfaces.
  • each air cavity extends in a direction which is generally parallel to the length of the relevant sound-attenuating member.
  • the frame 4 has a first sound-attenuating depth of at least 30mm in a direction perpendicular to its primary sound-absorbing surface 18 and has a second sound-attenuating depth of at least 30mm in a direction perpendicular to its secondary sound-absorbing surface 22; also the panel 6 has a first sound-attenuating depth of at least 30mm in a direction perpendicular to its primary sound-absorbing surface 20 and has a second sound-attenuating depth of at least 30mm in a direction perpendicular to its secondary sound-absorbing surface 24.
  • the sound-attenuating depth comprises the thickness of the housing (eg a 1mm thick sheet) and the thickness of a sound-absorbing porous material contained within the housing.
  • the frame and/or the panel may comprise a profile (for example, an extruded profile) and the corresponding sound-attenuating member is mounted on the profile.
  • the sound-absorbing porous material is not contained within the profile of a frame and/or panel.
  • the profile of the frame optionally has a surface 46 which is at least partly perforated.
  • the first sound-attenuating member 10 is mounted adjacent to this surface such that the secondary sound-absorbing surface 22 is parallel to the perforated surface 46.
  • the perforated surface 46 of the profile extends the volume through which soundwaves can propagate into an adjacent profile cavity 48 and thereby extends the sound-attenuating depth of the frame in a direction perpendicular to the secondary sound-absorbing surface 22.
  • the profile of the panel optionally has a surface 46 which is at least partly perforated.
  • the second sound-attenuating member 12 is mounted adjacent to this surface such that the primary sound-absorbing surface 20 is parallel to the perforated surface 46.
  • the perforated surface 46 of the profile extends the volume through which soundwaves can propagate into an adjacent profile cavity 48 and extends the sound-attenuating depth of the panel in a direction perpendicular to the primary sound-absorbing surface 20.
  • the profile of the panel optionally has a surface 46 which is at least partly perforated.
  • the second sound-attenuating member 12 is mounted adjacent to this surface such that the primary sound-absorbing surface is parallel to the perforated surface 46.
  • the perforated surface 46 of the profile extends the volume through which soundwaves can propagate into an adjacent profile cavity 48 and extends the sound-attenuating depth of the panel in a direction perpendicular to the primary sound-absorbing surface.
  • the profile of the panel and/or the frame may also be provided with perforations in other surfaces where the sound-attenuating members are mounted adjacent thereto to extend the volume through which soundwaves can propagate into an adjacent profile cavity, depending on the panel unit design.
  • a benefit of extending the sound-attenuating depth in this way is that the thickness of the sound-attenuating member in question can be made thinner: for example, if the profile cavity has a thickness of at least 10mm, the sound-attenuating member may have a thickness of 20mm, the thickness being in the direction perpendicular to the sound-absorbing surface which is approximately parallel to the perforated surface of the profile: in the absence of the air cavity provided in the profile, the thickness of the sound-attenuating member in question may need to be at least 30mm to provide sufficient sound attenuation, depending on the design of the panel unit.
  • the sound-attenuating members contain one or more optional ribs 30.
  • Each rib preferably extends longitudinally along the length of the relevant sound-attenuating member.
  • Each rib may have a profile which is curved (and is preferably arc-shaped or parabolic in shape), has an angled profile or is straight.
  • One longitudinally-extending edge of the rib preferably extends to a non-sound-absorbing surface or non-sound-porous edge of the sound-attenuating member and is therefore distal the air path: preferably, as shown in the relevant embodiments, this distal longitudinal edge of the rib extends to a non-sound-absorbing surface of its sound-attenuating member. This edge of the rib preferably touches this surface. This edge of the rib is preferably spaced from an adjacent edge of the sound-attenuating member (for example, a non-sound-porous edge at corner 42 and/or an edge which is porous to sound in one dimension (when viewed in cross-section) at corner 38).
  • Another longitudinally-extending edge of the rib extends to a sound-absorbing surface or sound-porous edge of the sound-attenuating member and is therefore proximate the air path: preferably, this proximal longitudinal edge extends to a sound-porous edge.
  • This edge of the rib preferably touches this edge.
  • the edge of the rib is preferably located at an edge which is porous to sound in two dimensions (when viewed in cross-section) at corner 34, 34' although it may instead be located at an edge which is porous to sound in one dimension (when viewed in cross-section) at corner 38.
  • the ribs 30 of the fourth embodiment shown in figures 9 and 10 have a curved profile. Preferably the ribs do not make contact with one another.
  • the primary sound-absorbing surfaces 18, 20 of the first and second sound-attenuating members have a longitudinal edge of a respective rib at both longitudinally-extending boundary edges of the primary sound-absorbing surface, one boundary edge being sound-porous from two directions (at corner 34) and one boundary edge being sound-porous from one direction (at corner 38).
  • only one longitudinally-extending boundary edge of the secondary sound-absorbing surface is met by a rib on the second sound-attenuating member 12 (on the panel), whereas both longitudinally-extending boundary edges of the secondary sound-absorbing surface 22 are met by a respective rib on the first sound-attenuating member 10 (on the frame).
  • one of the ribs that meets the longitudinally-extending boundary edge of the primary sound-absorbing surface is also one of the ribs that meets the longitudinally-extending boundary edge of the secondary sound-absorbing surface, such that three ribs are provided in total.
  • each sound-attenuating member preferably comprises two or more ribs, it is possible for only one rib to be present (as in the fifth and sixth embodiments) or for no ribs to be present.
  • the first sound-attenuating member 10 contains three ribs and the second sound-attenuating member 12 contains two ribs.
  • the number of ribs is not essential and is determined in part by the relative dimensions of the sound-attenuating member in question.
  • ribs are present, they are preferably configured such that the longitudinal edge of a rib, which edge is proximate the air path, is adjacent to or abuts a longitudinally-extending boundary edge (at corner 34) where the primary sound-absorbing surface meets the secondary sound-absorbing surface of the or each sound-attenuating member, as shown in figures 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 and 13 .
  • This boundary edge is porous to sound in two directions.
  • the longitudinal edge of the rib that is distal the air path may be located adjacent to a surface of the sound-attenuating member that is remote from the air path, as shown in these figures.
  • This remote surface is preferably non-sound-absorbing.
  • a plurality of ribs are present in the fourth embodiment of figures 9 and 10 and the distal longitudinal edges of the ribs are positioned close to one another along an internally-located, non-sound-absorbing surface of the sound-attenuating member, without making contact with one another.
  • the curved profiles of the ribs when viewed in cross-section, preferably form an expansion pattern starting from their distal longitudinal edges, such that the spacing between neighbouring ribs gradually increases towards their longitudinal edges which are proximate the air path.
  • tapering shapes are formed by the curved ribs with the resulting shapes tapering towards a face remote from the air path, and therefore tapering outwards towards faces which form part of the externally-exposed surface of each sound-attenuating member.
  • the ribs 30 of the sixth embodiment shown in figure 12 each have a curved profile.
  • One curved rib is provided in each sound-attenuating member.
  • the proximal longitudinal edge of each rib extends to a sound-porous boundary edge being sound-porous from two directions (at corner 34).
  • the distal longitudinal edge of each rib extends to a non-sound-absorbing surface of its sound-attenuating member, spaced from adjacent corner 38.
  • the ribs 30 of the seventh embodiment shown in figure 13 each have a curved or a straight profile.
  • the first sound-attenuating member 10 has no ribs.
  • the second sound-attenuating member 12 has one curved rib and one straight rib.
  • the proximal longitudinal edge of the curved rib extends to a sound-porous boundary edge being sound-porous from two directions (at corner 34).
  • the distal longitudinal edge of the curved rib extends to a non-sound-absorbing surface of its sound-attenuating member, spaced from adjacent corner 38.
  • the longitudinal edges of the straight rib extend between a non-sound-absorbing surface (at the rib's distal longitudinal edge) of its sound-attenuating member and the primary sound-absorbing surface (at the rib's proximal longitudinal edge) of its sound-attenuating member.
  • This straight rib extends in a direction which is perpendicular (in cross-section) to the non-sound-absorbing surface and the sound-absorbing surface.
  • the third sound-attenuating member 40 has two curved ribs.
  • the primary sound-absorbing surface has a longitudinal edge of a respective rib at both longitudinally-extending boundary edges of the primary sound-absorbing surface, one boundary edge being sound-porous from two directions (at corner 34) and one boundary edge being sound-porous from one direction (at corner 38).
  • the secondary sound-absorbing surface of the third sound-attenuating member 40 has a longitudinal edge of a rib at a longitudinally-extending boundary edge which is sound-porous from two directions (at corner 34).
  • Each sound-attenuating member of the embodiments shown has a perforated housing 28 made from a sheet material.
  • the partially-perforated housing of each sound-attenuating member provides an externally-exposed surface which makes contact with incoming air and sound waves travelling in the air path.
  • the panel is moveable to an open positon such that it lies in a plane which is substantially parallel to the plane defined by the frame.
  • the panel may be tiltably mounted on the frame, such that it lies at an angle to the plane defined by the frame, as per the seventh embodiment.
  • the openable panel unit is preferably mounted in a building façade or another structure (eg a roof or an internal wall) that separates two air volumes.
  • the panel unit when the panel unit is closed, the panel is able to lie flush with an adjacent façade, panel unit or wall (for example). This is however not an essential feature as the panel may protrude forwards or backwards from the plane of the structure, depending on the design of the structure in question.
  • the respective primary sound-absorbing surfaces of the sound-attenuating members have a greater surface area than the respective secondary sound-absorbing surfaces of the sound-attenuating members. This is not essential.
  • the primary sound-absorbing surface 18 of the first sound-attenuating member 10 presents a similar surface area to that of primary sound-absorbing surface 20 of the second sound-attenuating member 12. Also, the respective secondary sound-absorbing surfaces of the sound-attenuating members present a similar surface area to one another.
  • the primary sound-absorbing surfaces of the first sound-attenuating members 10 each have a greater surface area than the surface area of the respective primary sound-absorbing surfaces of the second sound-attenuating members 12.
  • the first sound-attenuating member 10 on the frame may therefore provide a greater surface area of an externally exposed surface than that of the second sound-attenuating member 12 on the panel.
  • the embodiments shown have the following dimensions (when viewed in cross-section), with dimension 'a' being the length of the primary sound-absorbing surface on the first sound-attenuating member 10, dimension 'b' being the length of the secondary sound-absorbing surface on the first sound-attenuating member 10, dimension 'c' being the length of the primary sound-absorbing surface on the second sound-attenuating member 12, and dimension 'd' being the length of the secondary sound-absorbing surface on the second sound-attenuating member 12.
  • Dimensions 'c' ', 'd'' refer to the lengths of the primary and secondary sound-absorbing surfaces, respectively, of the third sound-attenuating member 40 of the seventh embodiment ( figure 13 ).
  • Dimensions 'e', 'f', 'g', 'h', 'i', 'j', 'k' and 'l" are other lengths set out in figures 12 to 15 : dimension 'g' is the length of the sound-absorbing surface of the third sound-attenuating member 40 of figure 12 .
  • the sound-attenuating members of the fifth to seventh were filled with a porous material being mineral wool at a density of 80 kg/m 3 mineral wool (except where the air cavity is provided in each of the sound-attenuating members of the fifth embodiment).
  • the sound-attenuating members have a metal housing made of a 1 mm thick steel sheet with 10% of the surface area being perforated with apertures that are 2 mm in diameter.
  • the first sound-attenuating member 10 on frame 4 in the seventh embodiment has a metal housing made of a 2 mm thick steel sheet with 0.5% of the surface area being perforated with apertures that are 0.7 mm in diameter (the sheet is micro-perforated).
  • the sound-absorbing volume of this sound-attenuating member does not contain a porous material and no ribs are present, although the present invention encompasses the presence of a porous material and/or ribs in this first sound-attenuating member.
  • the ribs in the other sound-attenuating members of these embodiments are made of steel and are 2mm thick.
  • the panel units were modelled in 2D using finite element analysis software.
  • the sound-attenuating members of the panel units were modelled using the material properties known to correlate to sound absorption.
  • the appropriate specification of source and receiver room was provided either side of the panel unit in question, so that the difference, and thus the composite sound reduction, could be calculated.
  • the source and receiver spaces used to calculate the composite sound reduction were both free-field environments and grids to evaluate the data were described within 1500 mm of both sides of the opening of the panel unit.
  • the 'noise' incident on the opening was modelled using eight monopole sources at various positions to simulate noise arriving from many different directions.
  • Figure 16 is a graph of frequency (Hz) against composite sound reduction (dB) showing the results of these tests.
  • the solid line represents the parallel-opening window of the fifth embodiment ( figure 11 ), with a sound reduction of R w 24.
  • the dashed and dotted line represents the sliding window of the sixth embodiment ( figure 12 ), with a sound reduction of R w 25.
  • the dashed line represents the tilting (hinged) window of the seventh embodiment ( figure 13 ), with a sound reduction of R w 25.
  • the panel units of the fifth to seventh embodiments provide a 9 to10 dB(A) improvement over the baseline case of an open window.
  • the y-axis is labelled 'composite sound reduction' because the results are for panel units installed within a solid fagade, so the calculations are not based on the panel units in isolation.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
EP19170894.0A 2018-08-22 2019-04-24 Öffenbare paneel-einheit Withdrawn EP3614067A1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/GB2019/052352 WO2020039196A1 (en) 2018-08-22 2019-08-21 Openable panel unit

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP18190301.4A EP3614066A1 (de) 2018-08-22 2018-08-22 Öffenbare paneel-einheit

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EP3614067A1 true EP3614067A1 (de) 2020-02-26

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EP18190301.4A Withdrawn EP3614066A1 (de) 2018-08-22 2018-08-22 Öffenbare paneel-einheit
EP19170894.0A Withdrawn EP3614067A1 (de) 2018-08-22 2019-04-24 Öffenbare paneel-einheit

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4100938A (en) * 1976-12-16 1978-07-18 Wehr Corporation Flow control unit for air distribution system
WO1998040598A1 (en) * 1997-03-11 1998-09-17 Nemcek Milan Opening filling with special adjustment providing simultaneous ventilation and sound damping
WO2003073016A1 (en) * 2002-02-28 2003-09-04 Vasab Vägg & Akustik System Ab Ventilation duct including sound dampning materials with different density and a valve
NL1021839C2 (nl) * 2002-11-05 2004-05-07 Vries Kozijnen B V De Inrichting en werkwijzen voor ventilatie.
GB2492181A (en) * 2011-06-24 2012-12-26 Levolux At Ltd Ventilation damper apparatus and a ventilated building comprising the same

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB0915517D0 (en) 2009-09-04 2009-10-07 Ove Arup & Partners Internat L Sound attenuation air vent
FR3035432A1 (fr) 2015-04-21 2016-10-28 Sapa Building Systems France Fenetre comprenant un dispositif d’amortissement acoustique

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4100938A (en) * 1976-12-16 1978-07-18 Wehr Corporation Flow control unit for air distribution system
WO1998040598A1 (en) * 1997-03-11 1998-09-17 Nemcek Milan Opening filling with special adjustment providing simultaneous ventilation and sound damping
WO2003073016A1 (en) * 2002-02-28 2003-09-04 Vasab Vägg & Akustik System Ab Ventilation duct including sound dampning materials with different density and a valve
NL1021839C2 (nl) * 2002-11-05 2004-05-07 Vries Kozijnen B V De Inrichting en werkwijzen voor ventilatie.
GB2492181A (en) * 2011-06-24 2012-12-26 Levolux At Ltd Ventilation damper apparatus and a ventilated building comprising the same

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EP3614066A1 (de) 2020-02-26

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