EP3612848A1 - Procede et systeme de detection d'un defaut dans une ligne de transmission a partir d'une mesure de phase - Google Patents
Procede et systeme de detection d'un defaut dans une ligne de transmission a partir d'une mesure de phaseInfo
- Publication number
- EP3612848A1 EP3612848A1 EP18717359.6A EP18717359A EP3612848A1 EP 3612848 A1 EP3612848 A1 EP 3612848A1 EP 18717359 A EP18717359 A EP 18717359A EP 3612848 A1 EP3612848 A1 EP 3612848A1
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- phase
- signal
- detecting
- line
- defect
- Prior art date
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- 230000000644 propagated effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002310 reflectometry Methods 0.000 description 15
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/08—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/08—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks
- G01R31/088—Aspects of digital computing
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/08—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks
- G01R31/11—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks using pulse reflection methods
Definitions
- the invention relates to the field of wired diagnostic systems based on the principle of reflectometry. It relates to a method for detecting defects in a transmission line, such as a cable, from a phase measurement of the reflectometry signal.
- Cables are ubiquitous in all electrical systems, for powering or transmitting information. These cables are subject to the same constraints as the systems they connect and may be subject to failures. It is therefore necessary to be able to analyze their state and to provide information on the detection of faults, but also their location and their type, in order to help maintenance. The usual reflectometry methods allow this type of test.
- OTDR methods use a principle similar to that of radar: an electrical signal, the probe signal or reference signal, which is usually high frequency or broadband, is injected at one or more points of the cable to be tested.
- the signal propagates in the cable or network and returns some of its energy when it encounters an electrical discontinuity.
- An electrical discontinuity may result, for example, from a connection, the end of the cable or a defect or more generally a break in the conditions of propagation of the signal in the cable. It most often results from a fault that locally modifies the characteristic impedance of the cable by causing a discontinuity in its linear parameters.
- the invention falls within the scope of wired diagnostic methods and applies to any type of electrical cable, in particular power transmission cables or communication cables, in fixed or mobile installations.
- the cables concerned may be coaxial, two-wire, parallel lines, twisted pairs or other provided that it is possible to inject a reflectometry signal into a point of the cable and measure its reflection at the same point or at another point .
- Precisely detecting defects requires the use of a high frequency signal so that the wavelength of the injected signal coincides with the physical dimensions of the defects in the cable.
- analog-to-digital converters that make it possible to inject and measure a high-frequency signal are expensive.
- the transmission channels corresponding to the various cable technologies targeted by the refectometry applications are most often very frequency-selective and therefore do not allow broadband observation and diagnosis. Certain frequency bands may be substantially attenuated or disturbed, which may make the signal measured by the refectometry system unusable, or in any case make it more difficult to identify any defects.
- the usual refractometry methods are based on the principle of a measurement of an echo of the signal injected onto a singularity of the cable analyzed.
- blind zones there are areas of the cable, called blind zones, for which an echo can not be measured. These zones depend on the wavelength of the signal, therefore its frequency, the speed of propagation of the signal, the sampling frequency of the signal measured and the distance between the point of injection of the signal and the point where is the singularity. If a defect appears in a blind zone, then it is not it is not possible to detect its presence using a conventional OTDR method.
- a known method for increasing the resolution of the location of a defect and for compensating for the presence of blind zones without increasing the sampling frequency of the signal consists in making multiple acquisitions of the signal retro-propagated in the cable by shifting for each successive acquisition, the sampling clock. This method provides relevant results insofar as the signal injected into the cable and measured during successive acquisitions is stationary during the total duration of the acquisition. In addition, the precision of the measurements must respect rules of oversampling.
- a major disadvantage of this method is that it requires a very important acquisition and calculation time. This time is determined by the number of successive phase shifts and the phase shift time of the equipment used to generate the clock signals of the digital sampling systems. This delay may be unacceptable to detect intermittent faults (for example a short circuit) whose duration is short.
- the calculations necessary for the implementation of this method are also expensive, especially for implementing the phase shifts of the clock signal.
- phase detection frequency domain reflectometry for locating faults in an F-18 Flight Control Harness, "In IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, Vol. 47, no. 2, pp. 327-334, May 2005 ".
- the method described in this document has several disadvantages. It requires the implementation of complex radiofrequency analog front-end equipment requiring directional couplers, a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) and a radio frequency mixer.
- the proposed method has a high execution time because it requires a frequency sweep of the entire useful frequency band as well as a signal acquisition for each frequency value of the sweep.
- the resolution of localization of a defect is, as in the case of known time domain reflectometry methods, limited by the number of samples and the sampling frequency of the digital reflectometry signals used.
- the invention proposes a method for detecting and locating an electrical fault in a transmission line that is based on the revolution analysis of the phase of the frequency spectrum of the signal.
- the invention has the particular advantage of allowing a fault localization resolution which is not limited by the sampling frequency of the signal. It thus makes it possible to locate a defect with a better precision without the need to implement complex computations and having a significant execution time. It makes it possible to detect and locate intermittent faults because, unlike conventional methods, it does not require several successive acquisitions of signal. It also makes it possible to take into account possible cuts in the frequency response of the cable to be analyzed without degrading the fault localization accuracy.
- the invention is particularly applicable to the detection of free defects, such as a short-circuit, permanent or intermittent.
- the invention thus relates to a method for detecting a fault in a transmission line comprising the following steps:
- the distance l d between said point of the line and the singularity is determined from a theoretical relationship expressing the phase as a function of the frequency, the distance ld and the speed of propagation. signal in the transmission line.
- the method according to the invention comprises the additional step of determining whether the singularity identified is a defect, at least starting from the determined distance l d and the length of the transmission line.
- the reference phase is a cumulative phase and the measurement of the phase of at least one frequency component comprises, for each frequency component, the determination of the phase modulo ⁇ and then the determination of the phase cumulative.
- the reference phase is equal to the phase of the same frequency component in the reference signal previously injected.
- the reference phase is determined during a prior calibration phase comprising:
- the method according to the invention comprises said preliminary calibration phase.
- the method according to the invention further comprises an interpolation step applied to several corrected phase values corresponding to several different frequency components.
- the conversion of the time measurement of the signal in the frequency domain is carried out by applying a Fourier transform to the signal.
- the reference signal is a multi-carrier signal, a frequency component of the signal being a frequency subcarrier of the multi-carrier signal.
- the method according to the invention comprises a step of injecting the reference signal into the transmission line at an injection point.
- the subject of the invention is also a system for detecting a defect in a transmission line comprising a measurement device able to acquire, at a point on the line, a temporal measurement of a reference signal previously injected into the line. , reflected on a singularity of the line and retro-propagated towards said point and:
- a spectral conversion unit for converting the time measurement of the signal into the frequency domain
- phase measuring device for measuring the phase of at least one frequency carrier of the signal
- the computing unit is configured to determine whether the singularity identified is a fault at least from the determined distance l d and the length of the transmission line.
- the system according to the invention comprises a display interface for displaying information that is characteristic of the presence of a fault on the transmission line and / or the location of the fault.
- the method according to the invention comprises an injection device capable of injecting the reference signal into the transmission line.
- the subject of the invention is also a computer program comprising instructions for executing the method of detecting a fault in a transmission line according to the invention, when the program is executed by a processor and a support device.
- processor-readable record on which is recorded a program including instructions for performing the method of detecting a defect in a transmission line according to the invention, when the program is executed by a processor.
- FIG. 1 a diagram of a fault localization system on a transmission line according to a reflectometry method of the prior art
- FIG. 2 a diagram of a fault localization system on a transmission line according to a first embodiment of the invention
- FIGS. 3a, 3b several diagrams illustrating the magnitude and phase function of a multi-carrier reflectometry signal
- FIG. 4 is a flowchart detailing the stages of implementation of a defect localization method on a transmission line according to the first embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 1 represents a diagram of a defect locating system 100 in a transmission line L, such as a cable, according to a standard method of time domain reflectometry of the state of the art.
- a transmission line L such as a cable
- Such a system mainly comprises a generator GEN of a reference signal from parameters PAR defining the waveform of the signal.
- the generated digital reference signal is converted analogically via a digital-to-analog converter DAC and is then injected at a point on the transmission line L by means of a directional coupler CPL.
- the signal propagates along the line and is reflected on the singularities it contains.
- a singularity is an impedance discontinuity resulting from the appearance of an electrical fault on the line.
- the signal In the absence of a fault on the line, the signal is reflected on the end of the line, if this one is not adapted in impedance. If the end of the line is impedance-matched, that is, an ohmic plug is attached at its end, then there is no signal reflection because there is no impedance discontinuity. In the presence of a fault on the line, the signal is reflected on the impedance discontinuity caused by the fault. The reflected signal is back-propagated to a measurement point, which may be common at the injection point or different. The back-propagated signal is measured via the directional coupler CPL and then digitally converted by an ADC digital analog converter.
- COR correlation is then performed between the measured digital signal and a copy of the digital signal generated before injection to produce a temporal reflectogram corresponding to the intercorrelation between both signals.
- a possible implementation consists in producing a direct Fourier transform FFT of the measured signal, a direct Fourier transform FFT 2 of the reference signal and then a product P of the two results, and finally an IFFT indirect Fourier transform of the result of the product.
- the doF position of a defect on the cable L ie its distance to the signal injection point, can be directly obtained from the measurement, on the calculated time reflectogram c (t), of the duration t DF between the first amplitude peak recorded on the reflectogram and the amplitude peak corresponding to the signature of the non-free defect.
- f adC is the sampling frequency of the analog-to-digital converter.
- a disadvantage of this method is that the resolution R is limited by the sampling frequency f adc . The weaker this is, the worse will be the resolution R.
- the resolution can be increased beyond the aforementioned limit by making several successive acquisitions of the reflected signal with sampling times out of phase, that is to say shifted temporally of a fraction of the sampling period.
- the method is rendered at least M times slower, which hampers the detection of intermittent defects of very short duration.
- the overall processing time of the signal acquisitions also includes dead times related to the phase shift mechanism of the sampling clock, these dead times being typically of the order of several tens of clock cycles.
- the invention proposes to overcome the disadvantages of the method described in Figure 1 by proposing to exploit the phase of the measured signal to locate a defect.
- Y (f) is the frequency spectrum of the signal injected into the cable
- Y '(f) is the frequency spectrum of the signal measured after propagation
- the measured signal Y '(f) is out of phase with the injected signal Y (f) by a phase difference which corresponds to the path of the round-trip signal in the cable up to the point of reflection.
- FIG. 2 represents a diagram of a defect detection system 200 according to a first embodiment of the invention.
- the system described in FIG. 2 comprises several elements common to the system of the prior art described in FIG. 2: a GEN generator of digital reference signal defined from PAR waveform parameters, a digital analog converter DAC, a DCL directional coupler for injecting the signal into a transmission line L and measuring the back-propagated signal, as well as an ADC digital analog converter for digitizing the measured signal.
- the system 200 further comprises a signal spectral conversion module, for example a module producing a discrete Fourier transform FFT, for converting the digital signal into the frequency domain.
- a signal spectral conversion module for example a module producing a discrete Fourier transform FFT, for converting the digital signal into the frequency domain.
- the system 200 also comprises a first PHY-i module for calculating the phase of the frequency signal at the output of the FFT module, a second module PHY 2 for calculating the phase of the reference signal in the frequency domain and a subtractor STR for subtracting from the phase of the measured signal, the phase of the reference signal.
- a calculation module CAL determines the existence and the possible position of a defect on the transmission line L, from the corrected phase at the output of the subtractor STR. It should be noted that the phase calculation of the reference signal can be performed directly from the parameters PAR of the reference signal or after a spectral conversion of the generated reference signal.
- phase calculation modules PHYi and / or PHY 2 can be made by means of a calculation of the arc-tangent function, for example implemented by means of a Cordic-type algorithm.
- the part of the system 200 which concerns the generation and injection of the signal may be distinct from the part of the system 200 which concerns the acquisition of a measurement of the reflected signal and the processing relating to phase and distance calculations.
- two separate LC couplers can be used, the first for injection, in a first point of the line L, of the reference signal and a second point for the measurement, at a second point of the line L, of the back-propagated signal.
- the reference signal used is a multi-carrier signal, for example an OFDM signal (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) or Multi Carrier Time Domain Reflectometry (MCTDR) or OMTDR (Orthogonal Multi-tone Time Domain Reflectometry) which comprises several sub-signals. frequency carriers f n .
- OFDM Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
- MCTDR Multi Carrier Time Domain Reflectometry
- OMTDR Orthogonal Multi-tone Time Domain Reflectometry
- the invention can also operate with a single-carrier reference signal as will be explained in more detail later.
- phase of the measured signal is given by the following relation:
- ⁇ Pd Qd> fn) ( Pref (fn) + 2jT fn ⁇ ⁇ 0) l n is the frequency of the subcarrier for which the phase is measured, l d is the distance between the measuring point and the point of signal reflection (possibly corresponding to a fault),
- cp ref (f n ) is a reference phase, which depends on the frequency and which corresponds to the phase of the reference signal, in other words the phase measured at the output of the module PHY 2 .
- the calculation module CAL determines the value of l d , for one or more frequencies f n : _ dq> d (l d , f n ) .v g
- the PHYi phase calculation module (and possibly the PHY phase calculation module 2 ) performs a subcarrier phase calculation of the signal.
- FIGS. 3a and 3b illustrate this phenomenon on two diagrams representing the evolution of the phase of a multi-carrier signal as a function of frequencies.
- Figure 3a shows the phase measured for each carrier by means of a calculation of the arc-tangent function. This phase is expressed modulo TT.
- Figure 3b shows the same cumulative phase on the carriers, that is, the phase value for the index frequency n is equal to the sum of the frequency phases for the indices varying in the interval [0; n]. It can be seen in FIG. 3b that the evolution of the cumulative phase is continuous in frequency. Relationships linking the phase to a distance value between two points of the line L are based on a phase represented cumulatively.
- the relation (3) can be applied for a subcarrier f n or several subcarriers.
- the multi-carrier reference signal can be generated accordingly by suppressing certain sub-carriers corresponding to the prohibited or potentially disturbed frequency bands.
- the different cumulative phase values can be interpolated to increase the number of points knowing that the evolution of the phase as a function of the frequency is continuous.
- the invention is also compatible with a single-carrier signal.
- the maximum possible distance l d between the injection point and the point of occurrence of the defect is related to the carrier frequency f 0 of the signal by the following relation:
- FIG. 4 summarizes the implementation steps of the defect detection method according to the first embodiment of the invention.
- a reference signal is injected at an injection point of a transmission line L. This step is not considered in the case where it is only from the point of view of the method executed by a system 200 which does not include the part relating to the generation and injection of the signal, part implemented in a separate system.
- the retro-propagated signal in line L is measured at a measurement point.
- the signal is then converted 402 into the frequency domain.
- the phase of at least one frequency carrier of the signal is then measured, preferably the cumulative phase, in particular in the case of a multi-carrier signal.
- step 404 is subtracted from the measured phase, for each frequency carrier, a reference phase corresponding to the phase of the same frequency carrier for the generated reference signal.
- the distance between the measuring point and a signal reflection point, corresponding to a possible defect is determined from the result of the subtraction 404.
- a diagnosis is made as to the presence of a defect and at its position at the distance determined in step 405.
- the computed distance is compared with the length of the cable in order to identify whether the point of reflection corresponds to the termination of the cable in which case it means that there is no fault. In the opposite case, this comparison gives the information of existence of a defect and the value of the distance determined in step 405 gives the location of the defect.
- the result of the diagnosis can be provided to a user through a display interface.
- the displayed result may include an indication of the presence of a fault on the line and / or an indication of the position of the fault on the line, determined from the distance calculated in step 405.
- Figures 5a and 5b show a diagram of a defect detection system 300 according to a second embodiment of the invention. According to this second variant, a calibration phase, illustrated in FIG. 5a, is performed before the fault detection phase illustrated in FIG. 5b.
- the objective of the calibration phase is to measure more precisely the reference phase which is subtracted from the phase of the signal in step 404 of the method.
- cp 0 (f n ) is the phase of the frequency carrier f n of the generated reference signal.
- lo corresponds to the distance traveled by the signal between its generation by the generator GEN and its injection into the line L by the coupler GPL. This distance corresponds in particular to the signal path through the digital analog converter DAC.
- a calibration phase is performed which consists in disconnecting the transmission line of the coupler CPL.
- the generated signal transmitted to the CPL coupler is directly measured and then processed by the FFT spectral conversion and PHY phase calculation modules.
- the reference phase q> ref (f n ) is measured for each frequency carrier of the signal, by the module PHY. It contains the phase of the generated signal plus the term of phase 2 ⁇ ⁇ resulting from the propagation of the signal through successive equipment DAC, CPL, ADC.
- the result of the phase calculation operated by the module PHY is saved in a memory MEM to be used during the operational phase described in FIG. 5b.
- the second embodiment of the invention makes it possible to further improve the accuracy on the measurement of the phase of the back-propagated signal and thus the calculation of the position of a possible defect.
- the system according to any one of the embodiments of the invention may be implemented by an electronic card on which the various components are arranged.
- the card can be connected to the cable to be analyzed by a CPL coupling means which can be a directional coupler with capacitive or inductive effect or an ohmic connection.
- the coupling device can be made by physical connectors which connect the signal generator to the cable or by non-contact means, for example by using a metal cylinder whose internal diameter is substantially equal to the outer diameter of the cable and which produces an effect Capacitive coupling with the cable.
- a processing unit such as a computer, PDA or other equivalent electronic or computer device can be used to control the system according to the invention and to display the results of the calculations performed by the CAL component on a human-machine interface , in particular the information for detecting and locating defects on the cable.
- the method according to the invention in particular the digital processing modules FFT.PHY or PHY-i can be implemented in an on-board processor or not or in a specific device.
- the processor may be a generic processor, a specific processor, an application-specific integrated circuit (also known as the ASIC for "Application-Specific Integrated Circuit") or a network of programmable gates in situ (also known as the English name of FPGA for "Field-Programmable Gaste Arra").
- the device according to the invention can use one or more dedicated electronic circuits or a general purpose circuit.
- the technique of the invention can be realized on a reprogrammable calculation machine (a processor or a micro-controller for example) executing a program comprising a sequence of instructions, or on a dedicated computing machine (for example a set of doors as an FPGA or an ASIC, or any other hardware module).
- the method according to the invention can also be implemented exclusively as a computer program, the method then being applied to a previously acquired signal measurement with the aid of a measuring device.
- the invention can be implemented as a computer program including instructions for its execution.
- the computer program can be recorded on a processor-readable recording medium.
- the reference to a computer program that, when executed, performs any of the functions described above, is not limited to an application program running on a single host computer.
- the terms computer program and software are used herein in a general sense to refer to any type of computer code (for example, application software, firmware, microcode, or any other form of computer code).
- computer instruction that can be used to program one or more processors to implement aspects of the techniques described herein.
- IT resources or resources In particular, they may be distributed (“Cloud Computing"), possibly using peer-to-peer technologies.
- the software code may be executed on any suitable processor (for example, a microprocessor) or a processor core or set of processors, whether provided in a single computing device or distributed among a plurality of computing devices (eg example as possibly accessible in the environment of the device).
- the executable code of each program enabling the programmable device to implement the processes according to the invention can be stored, for example, in the hard disk or in read-only memory.
- the program or programs may be loaded into one of the storage means of the device before being executed.
- the central unit can control and direct the execution of instructions or portions of software code of the program or programs according to the invention, instructions that are stored in the hard disk or in the ROM or in the other storage elements mentioned above.
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- Measurement Of Resistance Or Impedance (AREA)
Abstract
Description
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Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1753367A FR3065533B1 (fr) | 2017-04-19 | 2017-04-19 | Procede et systeme de detection d'un defaut dans une ligne de transmission a partir d'une mesure de phase |
| PCT/EP2018/059360 WO2018192832A1 (fr) | 2017-04-19 | 2018-04-12 | Procede et systeme de detection d'un defaut dans une ligne de transmission a partir d'une mesure de phase |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3612848A1 true EP3612848A1 (fr) | 2020-02-26 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP18717359.6A Withdrawn EP3612848A1 (fr) | 2017-04-19 | 2018-04-12 | Procede et systeme de detection d'un defaut dans une ligne de transmission a partir d'une mesure de phase |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20200049755A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP3612848A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3065533B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2018192832A1 (fr) |
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| EP3745146B1 (fr) * | 2019-05-29 | 2023-10-25 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Procédé, dispositif et système de détermination d'une propriété d'une ligne de transmission d'énergie |
| KR102180748B1 (ko) * | 2019-08-21 | 2020-11-19 | 연세대학교 산학협력단 | 멀티코어 케이블 결함 분류 시스템 및 방법 |
| CN112033669B (zh) * | 2020-09-04 | 2022-03-15 | 南京大学 | 基于das的带式输送机槽型托辊故障监测方法 |
| CN112255496A (zh) * | 2020-09-10 | 2021-01-22 | 天津大学 | 一种线缆混合直流线路的故障区段判定方法 |
| US12021570B2 (en) * | 2021-04-27 | 2024-06-25 | Maxim Integrated Products, Inc. | Time-domain link diagnostic tool |
| CN113405650B (zh) * | 2021-05-29 | 2023-02-10 | 西北工业大学 | 一种基于驻波管和吸声材料的矢量传感器校正方法 |
| US11971441B2 (en) | 2021-10-15 | 2024-04-30 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Method for measuring distance to a short in a two-conductor wire |
| CN115096626B (zh) * | 2022-06-13 | 2025-05-27 | 煤炭科学研究总院有限公司 | 煤机设备故障频率的检测方法、装置、电子设备及介质 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2004104744A (ja) * | 2002-07-15 | 2004-04-02 | Sony Corp | 位相誤差補正装置およびその方法ならびに受信装置およびその方法 |
| FR2904116B1 (fr) * | 2006-07-18 | 2008-09-12 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Procede et dispositif d'analyse de reseaux de cables electriques. |
| US8160195B2 (en) * | 2007-11-02 | 2012-04-17 | The Texas A & M University System | Phase drift compensation for sampled signals |
| FR2946149B1 (fr) * | 2009-05-29 | 2011-07-01 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Procede d'analyse de cables electriques de grande longueur et de reseaux de cables electriques. |
| FR2994484B1 (fr) * | 2012-08-07 | 2014-08-22 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Systeme de reflectometrie comprenant un mecanisme de transmission d'informations |
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2017
- 2017-04-19 FR FR1753367A patent/FR3065533B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2018
- 2018-04-12 WO PCT/EP2018/059360 patent/WO2018192832A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2018-04-12 US US16/605,796 patent/US20200049755A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2018-04-12 EP EP18717359.6A patent/EP3612848A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR3065533B1 (fr) | 2019-04-19 |
| FR3065533A1 (fr) | 2018-10-26 |
| WO2018192832A1 (fr) | 2018-10-25 |
| US20200049755A1 (en) | 2020-02-13 |
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