EP3611433A1 - Carénages d'air avec balayage d'air amélioré - Google Patents

Carénages d'air avec balayage d'air amélioré Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3611433A1
EP3611433A1 EP19200925.6A EP19200925A EP3611433A1 EP 3611433 A1 EP3611433 A1 EP 3611433A1 EP 19200925 A EP19200925 A EP 19200925A EP 3611433 A1 EP3611433 A1 EP 3611433A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
air
wipe
shroud
air shroud
shroud body
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP19200925.6A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3611433B1 (fr
Inventor
Matthew R. Donovan
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Collins Engine Nozzles Inc
Original Assignee
Delavan Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Delavan Inc filed Critical Delavan Inc
Publication of EP3611433A1 publication Critical patent/EP3611433A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3611433B1 publication Critical patent/EP3611433B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
    • F23R3/28—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply
    • F23R3/286—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply having fuel-air premixing devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/10—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space the spraying being induced by a gaseous medium, e.g. water vapour
    • F23D11/106—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space the spraying being induced by a gaseous medium, e.g. water vapour medium and fuel meeting at the burner outlet
    • F23D11/107—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space the spraying being induced by a gaseous medium, e.g. water vapour medium and fuel meeting at the burner outlet at least one of both being subjected to a swirling motion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/36—Details, e.g. burner cooling means, noise reduction means
    • F23D11/38—Nozzles; Cleaning devices therefor
    • F23D11/383—Nozzles; Cleaning devices therefor with swirl means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
    • F23R3/28—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply
    • F23R3/34—Feeding into different combustion zones

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to air shrouds for nozzles, more specifically to air shrouds for fuel nozzles such as in gas turbine engine fuel injectors.
  • Fuel nozzles allow for mixing of fuel and air for injection into a combustor. Due to the turbulent nature of the flow-field, some of the liquid fuel spray from the fuel nozzle will wet the metal surfaces of the fuel nozzle which are exposed to the hot combustion gases. If the fuel temperature on the surface of the metal is in the proper range (about 200° C to about 400°C for jet fuel), then fuel will chemically break down to form carbon deposits on the metal surfaces. This can occur on the exposed surfaces of fuel pre-filmers and/or air-caps (also called air-shrouds). Carbon-formation on these metal surfaces is undesirable because this can adversely affect spray and combustion performance.
  • this carbon can sometimes break free from the metal surface and flow downstream where it can come into contact with the turbine and cause turbine erosion, which shortens the life of the turbine.
  • the exposed metal surfaces of the fuel nozzle most commonly the air-shrouds
  • the exposed metal surfaces of the fuel nozzle are subject to excessive heating from the combustion gases, which can result in thermal erosion or cracking of the metal.
  • a common method to alleviate either the problem of carbon-formation or thermal-erosion is to add an additional (smaller) air-shroud outboard of the existing air-shroud.
  • This smaller air-shroud is commonly called an air-wipe and serves the function of directing compressor-discharge air downward over the face of the first (larger) air-shroud to either preferentially prevent carbon-formation or alleviate thermal-erosion.
  • these air-wipes also experience thermal-erosion and require some method to manage the thermal load.
  • a series of small holes through the air-wipe are added to provide additional cooler compressor-discharge air in order to reduce the thermal load. Often this will alleviate the problem, but not always.
  • An air shroud for a nozzle includes an air shroud body defining an inlet and an outlet in fluid communication with one another to allow an outer airflow to issue therefrom, the air shroud body defining a downstream surface.
  • a plurality of air wipe channels are defined within the air shroud body, wherein each of the plurality of air wipe channels is in fluid communication with at least one of a plurality of air wipe outlets and air wipe inlets.
  • Each air wipe outlet is defined in the downstream surface of the air shroud body such that air can flow through each air wipe outlet and wipe the downstream surface of the air shroud body.
  • At least one of the air wipe channels can be straight between the air wipe inlet and the air wipe outlet.
  • at least one of the air wipe channels can be defined non-linearly (e.g., such that the flow can deviate from a straight path) between the air wipe inlet and the air wipe outlet.
  • at least one of the air wipe channels can be spiraled around a central axis of the air shroud body.
  • the air wipe outlets can open in a direction to direct air normally toward a central axis of the air shroud body. In certain embodiments, the air wipe outlets can open in a direction to direct air tangentially relative to a central axis of the air shroud body to swirl airflow about a central axis of the air shroud body.
  • the air wipe inlets can be defined on an inner surface of the air shroud body. In certain embodiments, the air wipe inlets can be defined on an upstream surface of the air shroud body such that the air wipe channel is defined along the entire length of the air shroud body.
  • the downstream surface of the air shroud body can be axially angled.
  • the downstream surface of the air shroud body can be conical.
  • a fuel nozzle includes a nozzle body defining a fuel circuit connecting a fuel inlet to a fuel outlet and including a prefilmer disposed in fluid communication with the fuel outlet, and an air shroud as described above disposed outboard of the prefilmer to direct air toward fuel issued from the nozzle body.
  • FIG. 1A an illustrative view of an embodiment of an air shroud in accordance with the disclosure is shown in Fig. 1A and is designated generally by reference character 100.
  • FIGs. 1B-4B Other embodiments and/or aspects of this disclosure are shown in Figs. 1B-4B .
  • the systems and methods described herein can be used to prevent or reduce carbon buildup on air shroud components, as well as reduce excessive thermal loading on the air shroud components in order to extend the life of the components.
  • the systems and methods described herein can also be used to improve the structural integrity of the air-shroud components for extending the life of the components.
  • an air shroud 100 for a nozzle (e.g., fuel nozzle 400 as shown in Fig. 4 ) includes an air shroud body 101 defining a central mixing outlet 103 to allow a fuel-air mixture to be outlet therefrom.
  • the air shroud body 101 has a downstream surface 105 facing the downstream direction relative to a flow through the air shroud 100.
  • the downstream surface 105 of the air shroud body 101 can be axially angled in the downstream direction.
  • the downstream surface 105 of the air shroud body 101 can be conical (e.g., a chamfered truncated cone shape). This is also contemplated that the downstream surface 105 can have any other suitable profile.
  • a plurality of air wipe channels 107 are defined within the air shroud body 101.
  • Each of the plurality of air wipe channels 107 is in fluid communication with at least one of a plurality of air wipe outlets 109 and air wipe inlets 111.
  • Each air wipe outlet 109 is defined in the downstream surface 105 of the air shroud body 101 such that air can flow through each air wipe outlet 109 and wipe the downstream surface 105 of the air shroud body 101.
  • the air wipe outlets 109 can be defined and/or open in a direction to direct air normally toward a central axis of the air shroud body 101.
  • the air wipe outlets 109 can be defined and/or open in a direction to direct air tangentially relative to a central axis of the air shroud body 101 to swirl airflow about a central axis of the air shroud body 101.
  • air wipe outlets 109 can curve and expand at or close to the downstream surface 105.
  • the air wipe outlets 109 can have a constant flow area or any other suitable changing flow area/direction (e.g., contracting).
  • the air wipe inlets 111 can be defined on an inner surface of the air shroud body 101.
  • one or more of the air wipe inlets 211 can be defined on an upstream surface of the air shroud body 201 such that the air wipe channel 207 is defined along the entire length of the air shroud body 201. Disposing the air wipe inlets 211 on the inlet side can provide better pressure differential and flow speed.
  • At least one of the air wipe channels 107 can be straight (i.e., linear) between the air wipe inlet 111 and the air wipe outlet 109.
  • at least one of the air wipe channels 207 of air shroud 200 can be defined non-linearly (e.g., such that flow deviated from a straight path) between the air wipe inlet 211 and the air wipe outlet 209.
  • at least one of the air wipe channels 207 can be spiraled around a central axis defined through a central mixing outlet 203 of the air shroud body 201.
  • the air wipe channels 207 can include a non-constant cross-sectional area. As shown, the air wipe channels 207 can contract in area in the direction of flow, e.g., to increase flow speed at the air wipe outlets 209. Any other suitable channel cross-sectional area can be used as appropriate for a given application (e.g., constant or expanding).
  • air shrouds 100, 200 can be manufactured using suitable additive manufacturing techniques or any other suitable manufacturing technique (e.g., casting).
  • Additive manufacturing can allow for complex shaped passages that cannot be formed using traditional manufacturing techniques (e.g., such that the channels can catch airflow from any suitable portion upstream and direct it in any suitable direction downstream).
  • the shroud 100 is shown with flow arrows of wiping airflow issuing from the air wipe outlets 109. As shown, the air wipe outlets 109 are angled to issue wiping airflow in an at least partially tangential direction to create a swirling flow.
  • a fuel nozzle 400 includes a fuel inlet 401, a fuel outlet 403 in fluid communication with the fuel inlet 401 to inject fuel into a combustion chamber, and a fuel circuit 405 connecting the fuel inlet 401 to the fuel outlet 403.
  • the fuel circuit 405 can include a prefilmer 407 disposed in fluid communication with the fuel outlet 403.
  • the fuel nozzle 400 can include an air shroud as described above (e.g., air shroud 100 as shown) as described above disposed outboard of the prefilmer 407 to mix air with fuel ejecting from the fuel nozzle 400.
  • the air wipe 107 provides a wiping airflow that, under some conditions, helps remove fuel off of the downstream surface 105 of the air shroud body 101. Under other conditions (e.g., excessive heat load), the airflow also prevents further thermal erosion of the downstream surface 105. Finally, the web of material between the air wipe passages/outlets 107/109 provides improved structural support to the air wipe 107. These features can increase the useable lifespan of the assembly and/or the time between required maintenance.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Cleaning In General (AREA)
  • Nozzles (AREA)
EP19200925.6A 2015-04-01 2016-04-01 Carénages d'air avec balayage d'air amélioré Active EP3611433B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US14/675,912 US9863638B2 (en) 2015-04-01 2015-04-01 Air shrouds with improved air wiping
EP16163568.5A EP3076074B1 (fr) 2015-04-01 2016-04-01 Carénages d'air avec balayage d'air amélioré

Related Parent Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP16163568.5A Division EP3076074B1 (fr) 2015-04-01 2016-04-01 Carénages d'air avec balayage d'air amélioré

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3611433A1 true EP3611433A1 (fr) 2020-02-19
EP3611433B1 EP3611433B1 (fr) 2021-07-28

Family

ID=55697023

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19200925.6A Active EP3611433B1 (fr) 2015-04-01 2016-04-01 Carénages d'air avec balayage d'air amélioré
EP16163568.5A Active EP3076074B1 (fr) 2015-04-01 2016-04-01 Carénages d'air avec balayage d'air amélioré

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP16163568.5A Active EP3076074B1 (fr) 2015-04-01 2016-04-01 Carénages d'air avec balayage d'air amélioré

Country Status (2)

Country Link
US (1) US9863638B2 (fr)
EP (2) EP3611433B1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20150285502A1 (en) * 2014-04-08 2015-10-08 General Electric Company Fuel nozzle shroud and method of manufacturing the shroud
US10458331B2 (en) * 2016-06-20 2019-10-29 United Technologies Corporation Fuel injector with heat pipe cooling
US11371706B2 (en) * 2017-12-18 2022-06-28 General Electric Company Premixed pilot nozzle for gas turbine combustor
US11454395B2 (en) 2020-04-24 2022-09-27 Collins Engine Nozzles, Inc. Thermal resistant air caps

Citations (4)

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US5277023A (en) * 1991-10-07 1994-01-11 Fuel Systems Textron, Inc. Self-sustaining fuel purging fuel injection system
US6247317B1 (en) * 1998-05-22 2001-06-19 Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. Fuel nozzle helical cooler
US20040061001A1 (en) * 2002-09-30 2004-04-01 Chien-Pei Mao Discrete jet atomizer
US20140166143A1 (en) * 2012-12-13 2014-06-19 Delavan Inc. Flow through cylindrical bores

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JP3337427B2 (ja) * 1998-09-17 2002-10-21 三菱重工業株式会社 ガスタービン用燃焼器
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US5277023A (en) * 1991-10-07 1994-01-11 Fuel Systems Textron, Inc. Self-sustaining fuel purging fuel injection system
US6247317B1 (en) * 1998-05-22 2001-06-19 Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. Fuel nozzle helical cooler
US20040061001A1 (en) * 2002-09-30 2004-04-01 Chien-Pei Mao Discrete jet atomizer
US20140166143A1 (en) * 2012-12-13 2014-06-19 Delavan Inc. Flow through cylindrical bores

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP3611433B1 (fr) 2021-07-28
EP3076074B1 (fr) 2019-10-02
US20160290651A1 (en) 2016-10-06
US9863638B2 (en) 2018-01-09
EP3076074A1 (fr) 2016-10-05

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