EP3610587A1 - Sender für ein optisches freistrahl-kommunikationssystem sowie optisches freistrahl-kommunikationssystem - Google Patents
Sender für ein optisches freistrahl-kommunikationssystem sowie optisches freistrahl-kommunikationssystemInfo
- Publication number
- EP3610587A1 EP3610587A1 EP18717607.8A EP18717607A EP3610587A1 EP 3610587 A1 EP3610587 A1 EP 3610587A1 EP 18717607 A EP18717607 A EP 18717607A EP 3610587 A1 EP3610587 A1 EP 3610587A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- pulse
- signal
- transmitter
- free
- data
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/11—Arrangements specific to free-space transmission, i.e. transmission through air or vacuum
- H04B10/118—Arrangements specific to free-space transmission, i.e. transmission through air or vacuum specially adapted for satellite communication
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/11—Arrangements specific to free-space transmission, i.e. transmission through air or vacuum
- H04B10/112—Line-of-sight transmission over an extended range
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/50—Transmitters
- H04B10/501—Structural aspects
- H04B10/506—Multiwavelength transmitters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/60—Receivers
- H04B10/66—Non-coherent receivers, e.g. using direct detection
- H04B10/67—Optical arrangements in the receiver
- H04B10/676—Optical arrangements in the receiver for all-optical demodulation of the input optical signal
- H04B10/677—Optical arrangements in the receiver for all-optical demodulation of the input optical signal for differentially modulated signal, e.g. DPSK signals
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/14—Relay systems
- H04B7/15—Active relay systems
- H04B7/185—Space-based or airborne stations; Stations for satellite systems
- H04B7/1851—Systems using a satellite or space-based relay
- H04B7/18513—Transmission in a satellite or space-based system
Definitions
- Geostationary (GEO) communication satellites require large data rates in the uplink to bring the data to be transmitted from the ground gateway to the satellite. From there they are transmitted via radio transponder as a communication signal to the users on the ground.
- GEO Globalstar feeder link
- GFL GEO feeder link
- optical GFLs are disturbed by the atmosphere: clouds over the optical ground station (OGS) block the connection to the satellite. This can be sufficiently counteracted by OGS diversity.
- the temporal behavior of these signal fluctuations is due to the temporal change of the refractive index structure. This is mainly influenced by the lateral wind. This means that typically fade durations of 2 to 20 ms are to be expected. Such fading events are classically compensated for by FEC (Forward Error Correction) algorithms and ARQ (Automated Repeat Request) protocols, which, however, result in principle delays of a multiple of the fading duration comes (in this case, something 100 ms) and additional throughput losses (through the FEC overhead) must be taken into account.
- FEC Forward Error Correction
- ARQ Automatic Repeat Request
- Tx-Div transmitter diversity
- two or even more ( ⁇ ) transmit beams "Tx” are emitted by the OGS parallel to the GEO. These beams propagate through different IRT volumes (the IRT structures must be significantly smaller than the Tx distance, which is very well ensured with typical feature sizes in the cm to dm range from about 1 m Tx distance).
- the satellite In the satellite, they thus generate several statistically independent intensity patterns. If the wavelengths used in the different transmitters are different (frequency difference must be greater than the bandwidth of the data receiver), the patterns are incoherently superimposed, ie the intensities are added together. This is generally the case for simple intensity modulations / direct reception systems (IM / DD). This results in a balance of minima and maxima, ie. the relative fluctuations are reduced.
- Transmitter diversity for IM / DD is an established method that has been widely described and experimentally demonstrated.
- the basic mode of operation is shown in FIG.
- Two transmitters are positioned at a distance dTx from each other and emit the same target.
- the structure size of the turbulence cells is in particular smaller than dTx. This results in different intensity patterns, which add incoherently when the frequencies of the two transmitters are far apart.
- the receive power variations can be reduced.
- the reduction of the minima ie the avoidance of strong fades
- the received signal is thus stabilized.
- the technique is also already being used in experimental satellite optical uplinks, e.g. In SILEX (uplink from the ESA-OGS on Tenerife to the GEO Artemis of the ESA - with up to four parallel transmit beams and in the experiment KIODO and KODEN in uplinks to the Japanese satellite OICETS / Kirari of the JAXA).
- FIG. 1 An example of a 0.5 second length received power vector measured at the satellite is shown in FIG.
- an uplink of an optical ground station to a receiver on a geostationary satellite is considered once with and without transmitter diversity (measured in the project ArtemEx).
- the solid line represents a signal generated with a transmitter while the dashed line represents a signal generated with two transmitters. This has weaker fades and surges and is therefore better suited for data transmission.
- IM / DD z When using the Tx-Div in incoherent but very broadband transmission with IM / DD z.
- a 40 Gbps IM / DD data channel is radiated over two (or n) physically separate DWDM channels (or in a 100 GHz DWDM channel) and it must be ensured that the spectra of the two diversity channels associated with a data channel do not overlap (this is also the case for all lower-rate transmissions, but the spectral bandwidth efficiency is irrelevant there). If the optical spectra overlap, the signal quality will be disturbed (crosstalk due to mixing of overlapping spectral components with beat-like effects in the sub-range, which will make the received signal worse or unusable depending on the degree of overlap).
- the multi-channel (DWDM) transmission of the Tx-Div therefore forces the required optical bandwidth to be a multiple of the data rate (to avoid overlapping). This can lead to the total available spectrum being insufficient to transmit the required data rates.
- DWDM multi-channel
- a 40 Gbps data signal requires two 100 GHz physical DWDM channels, ie 200 GHz physical bandwidth per 40 Gbps effective user data rate, which limits the overall rate to 640 Gbps for typically technically available 32 DWDM channels.
- the channels could le may be tighter, the principle restriction that at Tx Div a multiple of the bit rate is needed, but remains.
- DE 10 2015 221 283 A1 proposes to transmit a single-sideband modulation signal with each transmit beam "Tx", which superimposes itself on the receiver to form a two-sideband modulation signal. This also reduces interference in transmission.
- this method is limited to two diversity channels.
- this is an incoherent modulation method, as well as the method by means of separation by the wavelength.
- WO 2005/002102 A1 describes a free-jet optical communication system having a transmitter having a plurality of data channels, each of the data channels each using a different wavelength. The data channels are then combined in a multiplexer and transmitted to a receiver.
- the transmitter according to the invention for a free-jet optical communication system in particular for a data uplink to a satellite for emitting a light signal, has a number of m data channels.
- Each of the data channels in each case has a different wavelength.
- the m data channels have exactly m wavelengths.
- the data channels are generated by superposition of a carrier light of a specific wavelength with the bit sequence of the data to be transmitted by means of a modulator.
- a multiplexer is provided for superposing the m data channels into a sum signal.
- the multiplexer is connected to a number of n pulse devices, wherein a pulse signal is formed from the sum signal by the respective pulse device.
- n pulses are generated from the sum signal.
- a delivery of a pulse signal of the first pulse device, etc. then ensues again below, so that pulse signals are generated in succession or periodically by the n pulse devices.
- the pulse signals are temporally offset from each other, so that in a time domain no two pulses are present simultaneously.
- a transmitting device is connected in each case for emitting the respective pulse signal.
- the number of transmitting devices is also n.
- the basic idea of the invention is thus to use a temporal separation of the individual diversity channels in order to avoid interference on the receiver side.
- the same bit stream is always emitted from the n transmit devices, but in successive pulses.
- the spectra of the respective pulse signals are broadened by the required shortening by the pulse devices.
- the spectral broadening can largely be reversed.
- the spectral efficiency is better compared to other Tx-div methods.
- the inventive transmitter is scalable and allows for easy transmitter diversity and is not limited to two diversity channels, as in the methods described above.
- a plurality of data channels can be transmitted while simultaneously using a plurality of transmitting devices.
- the formation of the pulse signal increases the pulse amplitude so that a higher total amplitude can be received at the receiver.
- the complexity of the system lies in the transmitter side, where the respective pulse signals are generated, as well as in the generation of the sum signal.
- the receiver side eg the satellite
- a conventional DWDM receiver is sufficient.
- the number m of the data channels is at least 1.
- a significantly larger number of data channels can be transmitted by the transmitter according to the invention, so that the number m of the data channels is in particular> 50.
- the present invention is freely scalable and limited only to the existing bandwidth of the DWDM channels used.
- the pulse signals are amplified.
- the transmitter diversity additionally enables an increase in the total radiated power. This can be per transmitter telescope z. B. be limited for technical reasons (for example, due to the thermal load capacity of the transmitting fiber or other components or the eye safety of the transmission system). By distributing the power over several transmitters, these technical limitations can be met efficiently.
- the sum of the lengths of the pulses of the pulse signals is equal to the length of the original data bit. This ensures that the complete data bit is covered by the respective pulse signals, wherein each pulse signal has only a section of the original data bit or the sum signal.
- the length of the respective pulse signal preferably corresponds to 1 / n of the length of the original data bit.
- the temporal offset between the individual pulse signals is generated by optical waveguides of different lengths or by modulators, which are triggered by means of a corresponding pulse source.
- the transmitters have a distance which is greater than the structure size of turbulence cells in the free-space optical transmission, so that the light signal is represented by different atmospheres. see paths is transmitted.
- the transmitters may be spaced 20 cm apart, and more preferably 1 m apart, so that the signal is transmitted through different atmospheric paths.
- the n signals are combined so that the scintillation is reduced.
- all data channels have a common carrier. This makes it possible to use coherent demodulation on the receiver side.
- the data signal is modulated by means of IM / DD (NRZ pulse modulation) or by means of a coherent format such as selfhomodyne DPSK, BPSK, ASK heterodyne or the like.
- IM / DD NMR pulse modulation
- a coherent format such as selfhomodyne DPSK, BPSK, ASK heterodyne or the like.
- the transmitter according to the invention can be used in particular for a data uplink to a satellite starting from a ground station.
- This can be a LEO or GEO satellite.
- the transmitter according to the invention can be used in an optical uplink to an aircraft / OAVs / HAPs starting from an optical ground station.
- a ground-floor communication is conceivable.
- Such can be used, for example, for connecting building LANs to the Internet or for connecting mobile base stations.
- Far-reaching FSO links (up to 20 km) can also be used as communication backbones in the future, especially if the fading problem can be eliminated.
- optical inter-HAP links are possible.
- These future stratospheric communication platforms are advantageously connected by optical radio link, the distance of up to several 100 km brings a runtime, which has an adverse effect in repeated repeat request (ARQ).
- the transmitter according to the invention can furthermore be used for an optical transmission of frequency standards for the synchronization of optical clocks.
- the invention relates to a free-jet communication system, in particular for a data uplink to a satellite with a transmitter as described above and a DWDM receiver, for example in a satellite.
- the receiver preferably has a receiving device for receiving the light signal emitted by the transmitter and a de-multiplexer connected to the receiving device for wavelength-selective splitting of the received light signal. Connected to the de-multiplexer are a number of m detectors for receiving the respective data channel. In this case, a data channel is received by each detector at a certain Wellenläge.
- the received light signal consists of the superposition of all pulse signals generated by the transmitter.
- the receiver has a simple structure. In particular, no increased bandwidth is required for the receiver.
- the receiver need not consider the pulses or the number of diversity channels; The level of this transmitter diversity can therefore also be changed dynamically (or per link partner) without the receiver having to react to it.
- Fig. 1 shows the basic operation of a transmitter diversity
- FIG. 2 shows an exemplary receive power vector received at the satellite
- Fig. 3 shows an embodiment of the transmitter according to the invention
- the device has three laser light sources 10 for generating laser light having a first wavelength WL 1, a second wavelength WL 2 and a third wavelength WL 3.
- the wavelengths of the lasers 10 are different.
- the respective laser light of the laser 10 is superimposed with a data channel 14.
- the number of data channels corresponds to the number of wavelengths used.
- the data channel having the first wavelength WL 1, the data channel having the second wavelength WL 2 and the data channel having the third wavelength WL 3 are combined in a multiplexer 16 into a sum signal, which is passed to four pulse devices 18. In this case, all pulse devices 18 receive the same sum signal.
- the pulse devices 18 are in each case modulators which are controlled via a pulse source 20 in order to form a pulse signal from the sum signal.
- the pulse signals all have the same length and are offset in time from one another, as indicated by the indicated trigger pulse 22 in FIG. 3 shown.
- the pulse signals are amplified in an amplifier 24. Subsequently, each pulse signal is transmitted through its own transmission telescope 26.
- the transmission telescopes 26 have a distance from one another which is greater than the structure size of the turbulence cells of the optical free space transmission, in particular of the atmosphere. In this case, the same signal is transmitted by each transmission telescope 26, but at different times due to the time offset of the pulse signals to each other.
- the pulse signals emitted by the transmitting telescopes 26 superimpose to form a light signal consisting of the three wavelengths WL 1, WL 2 and WL
- the received light signal is preamplified in a preamplifier 30.
- a de-multiplexer 32 splitting of the received light signal in the wavelengths WL 1, WL 2 and WL 3.
- the Wellenläge WL 1 is detected by a first detector 34
- the second wavelength WL 2 is detected by a second detector 36
- the third wavelength WL 3 is detected by a third detector 38.
- Fig. 5 the spectra of the three wavelengths WL 1, WL 2 and WL 3 are plotted. Due to the generation of short pulses of the pulse signal by the pulse devices 18, the spectrum of the respective pulse 40 is widened, also shown in FIG. 5, only for the wavelength WL 2. When superposed in the receiver, the pulses of the respective wavelengths (spectrum 42) are added, the sum spectrum having a width which is substantially the width of the spectrum of the three wavelengths WL 1, WL 2 and WL 3 corresponds. Thus, wavelengths can be efficiently transmitted by means of transmitter diversity a plurality of data channels are transmitted. A limitation to only two diversity channels is not given.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Astronomy & Astrophysics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
- Optical Communication System (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102017206347.5A DE102017206347B4 (de) | 2017-04-12 | 2017-04-12 | Sender für ein optisches Freistrahl-Kommunikationssystem sowie optisches Freistrahl-Kommunikationssystem |
| PCT/EP2018/059454 WO2018189330A1 (de) | 2017-04-12 | 2018-04-12 | Sender für ein optisches freistrahl-kommunikationssystem sowie optisches freistrahl-kommunikationssystem |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3610587A1 true EP3610587A1 (de) | 2020-02-19 |
Family
ID=61972140
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP18717607.8A Withdrawn EP3610587A1 (de) | 2017-04-12 | 2018-04-12 | Sender für ein optisches freistrahl-kommunikationssystem sowie optisches freistrahl-kommunikationssystem |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20200162160A1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP3610587A1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102017206347B4 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2018189330A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115459846B (zh) * | 2022-09-05 | 2025-01-21 | 中国人民解放军63921部队 | 多制式传输的空间激光通信系统 |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001274772A (ja) * | 2000-03-24 | 2001-10-05 | Kddi Corp | Tdm光多重装置、tdm光分離装置、wdm/tdm変換装置及びtdm/wdm変換装置 |
| GB0124234D0 (en) * | 2001-10-09 | 2001-11-28 | Marconi Comm Ltd | Apparatus for data transmission |
| US7277644B2 (en) | 2003-06-13 | 2007-10-02 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Fade-resistant forward error correction method for free-space optical communications systems |
| US7623798B1 (en) * | 2005-10-04 | 2009-11-24 | Sprint Communications Company L.P. | Polarization mode dispersion mitigation of multiple optical communication channels |
| DE102014213442B4 (de) | 2013-07-10 | 2020-06-04 | Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. | Sender für ein Freistrahl-Kommunikations-System, Freistrahl-Kommunikations-System mit einem solchen Sender nebst zugehörigem Empfängerterminal und zugehörigem Verfahren zur optischen Übertragung von Daten |
| DE102015221283B4 (de) | 2015-10-30 | 2017-09-14 | Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. | Sender für ein optisches Freistrahl-Kommunikations-System und zugehöriges Empfängerterminal |
-
2017
- 2017-04-12 DE DE102017206347.5A patent/DE102017206347B4/de active Active
-
2018
- 2018-04-12 EP EP18717607.8A patent/EP3610587A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2018-04-12 WO PCT/EP2018/059454 patent/WO2018189330A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2018-04-12 US US16/604,677 patent/US20200162160A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE102017206347B4 (de) | 2019-07-04 |
| DE102017206347A1 (de) | 2018-10-18 |
| WO2018189330A1 (de) | 2018-10-18 |
| US20200162160A1 (en) | 2020-05-21 |
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