EP3596795A1 - Procédé de test pour tester la réaction d'un parc éolien à un événement de sous-fréquence - Google Patents

Procédé de test pour tester la réaction d'un parc éolien à un événement de sous-fréquence

Info

Publication number
EP3596795A1
EP3596795A1 EP18712123.1A EP18712123A EP3596795A1 EP 3596795 A1 EP3596795 A1 EP 3596795A1 EP 18712123 A EP18712123 A EP 18712123A EP 3596795 A1 EP3596795 A1 EP 3596795A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
frequency
test
wind
mode
event
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP18712123.1A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Wolfgang De Boer
Kai BUSKER
Sönke ENGELKEN
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Wobben Properties GmbH
Original Assignee
Wobben Properties GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Wobben Properties GmbH filed Critical Wobben Properties GmbH
Publication of EP3596795A1 publication Critical patent/EP3596795A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B23/00—Testing or monitoring of control systems or parts thereof
    • G05B23/02—Electric testing or monitoring
    • G05B23/0205—Electric testing or monitoring by means of a monitoring system capable of detecting and responding to faults
    • G05B23/0218—Electric testing or monitoring by means of a monitoring system capable of detecting and responding to faults characterised by the fault detection method dealing with either existing or incipient faults
    • G05B23/0256—Electric testing or monitoring by means of a monitoring system capable of detecting and responding to faults characterised by the fault detection method dealing with either existing or incipient faults injecting test signals and analyzing monitored process response, e.g. injecting the test signal while interrupting the normal operation of the monitored system; superimposing the test signal onto a control signal during normal operation of the monitored system
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/40—Testing power supplies
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/24—Arrangements for preventing or reducing oscillations of power in networks
    • H02J3/241—The oscillation concerning frequency
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D17/00—Monitoring or testing of wind motors, e.g. diagnostics
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
    • F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
    • F03D7/028—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor controlling wind motor output power
    • F03D7/0284—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor controlling wind motor output power in relation to the state of the electric grid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
    • F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
    • F03D7/04—Automatic control; Regulation
    • F03D7/042—Automatic control; Regulation by means of an electrical or electronic controller
    • F03D7/048—Automatic control; Regulation by means of an electrical or electronic controller controlling wind farms
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2270/00—Control
    • F05B2270/30—Control parameters, e.g. input parameters
    • F05B2270/337—Electrical grid status parameters, e.g. voltage, frequency or power demand
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
    • H02J2300/28—The renewable source being wind energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/76—Power conversion electric or electronic aspects

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a test method for testing a behavior of a wind farm for an underfrequency event. Moreover, the present invention relates to a wind farm with multiple wind turbines, which is prepared to carry out such a test method. Furthermore, the invention relates to wind turbines of such a wind farm.
  • a virtual frequency can be given to the corresponding controller of the wind energy plant instead of the actually measured grid frequency.
  • a frequency profile is artificially predetermined over a short period of time and entered into the controller as the actual network frequency.
  • the controller responds to this virtual frequency response as if this were the actual frequency response of the network frequency, at least in terms of a power specification.
  • the wind power plant then generates additional power from the rotational energy of the wind energy plant and feeds it into the electrical supply network. It is then possible to check the change in the fed-in electrical power especially in the knowledge of this virtual frequency characteristic, and it can also be documented how the wind turbine actually behaves on such an underfrequency event.
  • each wind turbine of the wind farm reacts independently to the underfrequency event and independently increases its power for a short time.
  • each wind turbine independently monitors the frequency and carries out the support described above.
  • the wind farm as a whole provides support by the sum of all power increases of the wind energy plants of the wind farm.
  • the invention is thus based on the object of addressing at least one of the abovementioned problems; in particular, a test method for a frequency event, in particular an underfrequency event for a wind farm, is to be proposed, which also yields results that are as realistic as possible. At least an alternative solution to known solutions should be proposed.
  • a test method is proposed. This test method is therefore intended to test the behavior of a wind farm for a frequency event.
  • a frequency event is a situation in the electrical supply network in which the grid frequency leaves a normal range, particularly falls too much or rises too high. Absolute values as well as relative values can be exceeded.
  • a particularly important case is to test an underfrequency event in which the grid frequency drops too much.
  • Such a wind farm has several wind turbines, which feed electrical power into an electrical supply network. Usually a wind farm feeds in via a common grid connection point in the electrical supply network. But it is also considered that a correspondingly large wind farm has several smaller wind farms, which are controlled together via a parent central park control and feed it via different network connection points in the electrical supply network. Even such a large wind farm can be understood here as a wind farm and tested with the proposed test method.
  • Each wind turbine has a rotor with one or more rotor blades, usually a rotor with three rotor blades, with which wind power is generated from wind and fed into the electrical supply network.
  • the wind power is the power which can currently be taken from the prevailing wind and fed into the electrical supply network.
  • the electrical supply network has a mains voltage with a mains frequency, as is also common practice.
  • the network frequency therefore refers to the frequency that the mains voltage currently has in each case.
  • the network frequency corresponds to a network nominal frequency, e.g. 50 Hz in the European grid or 60 Hz in the US grid, but may also differ.
  • An underfrequency event is one in which the grid frequency drops significantly below the nominal grid frequency. For example, this may already be the case at 0.3 percent of the network frequency below the nominal network frequency.
  • the wind turbines of the wind farm each have a frequency mode, which is referred to as underfrequency mode in the case of underfrequency.
  • This frequency mode describes a mode in which the fed-in power is temporarily changed in the event of a frequency event as a function of the mains frequency. It is at this moment of the frequency event, which usually does not last long, fed a different power than the wind power, so a different power than the moment can be taken from the wind. That can be more, but also less power.
  • a possible frequency mode may provide that, in the event of an overfrequency, the wind farm reduces the power fed into the electrical supply network, at least for a short time. Such a reduction is made by the wind turbines and for the entire parking functionality the proposed test method can be used for the test.
  • this describes a mode which, in the event of an underfrequency event, feeds additional electrical power from rotational energy of the rotor into the electrical supply network as a function of the grid frequency for a short time in relation to wind power.
  • this underfrequency mode therefore, an underfrequency event is detected, or the underfrequency event triggers this underfrequency mode.
  • power is taken from rotational energy of the rotor, so the rotor is decelerated, and this power is fed into the electrical supply network in addition to the wind power. It is therefore fed more power than could be taken in the moment from the wind in a normal mode of operation and fed into the electrical supply network.
  • each of the wind turbines of the wind farm on such a functionality so has a frequency mode, especially a sub-frequency mode, in which they can optionally change.
  • a frequency mode especially a sub-frequency mode
  • any description of the wind power plants of the wind farm concerns only those wind turbines which have such a frequency mode or subfrequency mode and participate in a corresponding grid support. Accordingly, the description concerning the test of such a frequency mode or subfrequency mode at the parking level also concerns only the wind turbines which participate in this test.
  • These wind turbines can also be referred to below as participating in the test wind turbines or simply as participating wind turbines.
  • a parking test mode is now proposed, which is intended to test a behavior of the wind farm in the event of a frequency event, in particular an underfrequency event.
  • the wind turbines each change into their frequency mode or underfrequency mode.
  • the frequency modes or underfrequency modes of the wind turbines participating in the test are simultaneously tested in order to test the behavior of the wind farm. This simultaneous testing is thus part of the park test mode.
  • a test frequency function emulating a frequency event or an underfrequency event is used for this test. In this case, the wind turbines involved are no longer or no longer completely controlled by the measured mains frequency but by the emulated frequency event or underfrequency event of the test frequency function.
  • the frequency modes or underfrequency modes of all participating wind turbines be coordinated by the participating wind turbines controlled by a common time start command at the same time start their frequency mode, in particular that they receive a common start signal at the same time.
  • a same test frequency function is specified for the wind turbines.
  • Each wind turbine then uses the same test frequency function and ensures that all participating wind turbines start synchronously.
  • the participating wind turbines thus receive a common time start command to start at the same time. For this purpose, they can receive a synchronously transmitted tripping command as the time start command. The triggering command is thus transmitted synchronously and all participating wind turbines receive it at the same time and then start immediately with the test.
  • the time start command includes a precise start time and all involved wind turbines have a precise clock or otherwise know the current time precisely. For example, it comes into consideration that they receive an external time signal, eg as part of a GPS signal, and are thus synchronized very precisely in terms of time. It is thus achieved that the same test frequency function is used for each wind turbine. Each wind turbine therefore starts from the same test frequency function and it only has to be ensured that all participating wind turbines also pass through this test frequency function synchronously. For this it is sufficient that all wind turbines assume the same test frequency function and a time-synchronized start signal is present.
  • the transmission of a time-synchronized start signal is time-critical, or another precise synchronization of the wind turbines is used.
  • the test frequency function may have previously been transmitted or, for example, previously deposited in the wind turbine.
  • the test frequency function is stored in each wind turbine. Then, the common test and thus the Parktestmodus can be carried out in a simple manner by the fact that only a common start signal needs to be transmitted simultaneously to all participating wind turbines.
  • test frequency functions are stored in each participating wind turbine.
  • the same test frequency functions are stored in the participating wind turbines.
  • the test frequency functions that are stored in a wind turbine are therefore also stored in each of the other participating wind turbines.
  • test frequency function In the parking test mode, it is then proposed to select a test frequency function from the several different test frequency functions. In this case, the same test frequency function is selected in each wind turbine involved, so that all participating wind turbines form the same frequency function for the test. In this way, not only a parking test mode can be triggered in a simple manner and especially without a need for a large transmission bandwidth, but also different frequency profiles can be tested.
  • a selection signal is transmitted to each participating wind turbine for starting the test to select a test frequency function, each wind turbine receiving the same selection signal to select the same test frequency function.
  • different selection signals can be used, as long as they lead to the same test frequency function being selected at each participating wind turbine.
  • a trip command is transmitted synchronously to initiate the underfrequency mode of each participating wind turbine.
  • the selection signal and the tripping command are combined in the start signal.
  • the selection signal does not have to be transmitted synchronously, but can also be transmitted beforehand in order to previously select the corresponding test frequency function. But since both Selection signal and the tripping command only a few bits of data required, both signals, so the selection signal and the tripping command, can be transmitted synchronously synchronously to all participating wind turbines together.
  • each test frequency function indicates a frequency characteristic over a predeterminable course duration. For example, to test an underfrequency event for a history period of 10 seconds, a frequency response is indicated, which falls in the first second of nominal frequency to a lower frequency value, for example, 99 percent of the nominal frequency and from there continuously to the final value of the duration of 10 seconds to the mains frequency again increases.
  • a frequency response is indicated, which falls in the first second of nominal frequency to a lower frequency value, for example, 99 percent of the nominal frequency and from there continuously to the final value of the duration of 10 seconds to the mains frequency again increases.
  • each wind turbine generates in its underfrequency mode an increase in power as a function of a frequency, wherein for testing the underfrequency mode instead of a measured frequency of the said frequency response of the test frequency function is used.
  • the progression duration be adjustable in order to stretch or compress the test frequency function or its frequency response.
  • the duration could be changed from 10 seconds to 20 seconds.
  • the exemplary frequency response would then fall from the nominal frequency to the lowest frequency value of 99 percent of the nominal frequency in the first two seconds and then increase again to nominal frequency over the remaining 18 seconds up to the value of 20 seconds.
  • the fundamental frequency response ie the characteristic of the selected frequency response, remains the same, but is stretched from the 10 seconds to the 20 seconds.
  • other times can be selected, as well as a smaller course duration, thereby upsetting the frequency response.
  • the progression period Tv is subdivided into a plurality of identical sampling time steps, with a step duration ⁇ , which designates the duration of each sampling time step, and a step number k, which indicates the number of sampling time steps of the duration Tv, such that the duration Tv by setting the step duration ⁇ can be adjusted.
  • These frequency values thus have the step duration as a temporal distance from one another.
  • a frequency value can thus be stored for each sampling time step, and these frequency values are retrieved bit by bit at intervals of the step duration.
  • the step duration is now increased or decreased.
  • the frequency values are then retrieved correspondingly less frequently or more frequently, with their number, namely the number of steps, remaining the same.
  • the frequency curve is then set up with the same frequency values, but in a longer or shorter time.
  • the stretching or compression of the frequency response can be achieved indirectly by a predetermined time step, ie by specifying the step duration.
  • the frequency profile stored in the wind energy plant is discretely resolved for this purpose and consists for example of 100 values for a preset duration of 10 seconds. However, these 100 values can be interrogated with different time steps, whereby preferably the assumed frequency value is kept constant between two interrogation times.
  • the step duration of the sampling time step for the sampling times is preset to a value of about 100 ms and / or can be set or varied within a range of 10 ms to 1000 ms, in particular in 10 ms steps.
  • the duration of each participating wind turbine is set to a same value, so that despite changing the duration of all wind turbines make the same change and thus in the result again the same test frequency function, ie the same frequency curve basis.
  • information for changing or setting the course duration is transmitted with the start signal.
  • an amplitude factor is predetermined in order to set the amplitude of the test frequency function or the amplitude of the frequency response in order to set the amplitude of the test frequency function or its frequency profile.
  • This also allows a stored test frequency function can be varied in a simple manner and with little data.
  • the amplitude factor in each participating wind turbine should be set to an equal value.
  • it is also proposed to set this amplitude factor by the start signal. It can thus be made in a simple manner, a variation in the amplitude of the emulated frequency.
  • the change or adjustment of the course duration is combined with the change or adjustment of the amplitude factor.
  • a selection signal is transmitted to each wind turbine, which selects a test frequency function, and also transmits a course duration or an adjustment factor for adjusting the progression duration in order to set the test frequency function or its frequency profile with regard to their time extension, that is, if necessary to stretch or compress, and it is the amplitude factor transmitted, thereby also adjust the amplitude of the test frequency function or its frequency response.
  • a frequency profile can be selected in a simple manner and also adjusted in terms of its time horizon and its amplitude.
  • the tripping command is synchronously transmitted to all participating wind turbines and all the wind turbines involved then synchronously perform a frequency or underfrequency mode.
  • the wind energy installation feed additional electrical power from rotational energy of the rotor into the electrical supply network when the grid frequency falls below a predetermined frequency value.
  • the additional electrical power from rotational energy of the rotor is controlled in dependence on the further course of the network frequency.
  • a tax law is stored in the wind turbine for controlling the additional power from rotational energy of the rotor in dependence on the further course of the grid frequency.
  • This tax code indicates the level at which the additional electrical power is frequency of the detected frequency.
  • further information is optionally taken into account, in particular the rotational speed of the rotor of the wind turbine and / or a period of time since the beginning of the underfrequency event and / or within a predetermined period before the current Unterfrequenze- reignis already had an underfrequency event and operated the wind turbine already in the lower frequency mode has been.
  • the underfrequency mode is automatically triggered by the wind energy plant as soon as the grid frequency falls below the predetermined frequency value.
  • the frequency is considered and only the behavior of the frequency triggers the underfrequency mode.
  • falling below a predetermined frequency value is also falling below a predetermined frequency gradient into consideration, so if the frequency drops particularly strong.
  • both criteria can also be combined by, for example, triggering only taking place when a predetermined frequency value has been undershot and, in addition, a predetermined frequency gradient has been undershot.
  • the test frequency function in the wind turbine indicates the frequency response as the mains frequency, and the test starts when this frequency characteristic falls below the predetermined frequency value, thereby triggering the underfrequency mode for testing. Accordingly, of course, the predetermined frequency gradient can also be taken into account here for triggering.
  • the frequency response is given instead of the measured frequency, which as such does not yet have to lead to the triggering of the underfrequency mode.
  • the frequency characteristic of the test frequency function is regularly selected so that it soon falls below the predetermined frequency value, in order thereby to trigger the underfrequency mode.
  • a central park control is provided for controlling the wind farm.
  • This central park control synchronously transmits the start signal to all participating wind turbines, thereby triggering the park test mode.
  • a predetermined frequency characteristic is then used and considered instead of the measured mains frequency, and this consideration is started by the tripping command synchronously for all wind turbines. All wind turbines then also go through the respective frequency response synchronously. Falls below this Frequency course the predetermined frequency value, for example, after one second, then in each case the wind energy in each case the underfrequency mode is started synchronously and also run through synchronously in each wind turbine, or whether this is done, is tested by it. In the same way, of course, the interruption of the predetermined frequency gradient could lead to the synchronous release synchronously for all of them.
  • a test method is also proposed for testing a wind farm for a frequency event, in particular for underfrequency events, wherein in a parking test mode for testing a behavior of the wind farm in the case of a frequency event or underfrequency event, the wind turbines respectively change to their frequency mode or underfrequency mode
  • the frequency modes or underfrequency modes of the wind turbines are coordinated by the fact that test frequency values of a test frequency characteristic are transmitted to all participating wind turbines. This is preferably done in real time in order to emulate the same network frequency profile for all participating wind turbines.
  • test frequency values it is also possible for test frequency values to be present synchronously at the respective wind energy plants, thereby using the underfrequency modes synchronously for testing the entire wind farm. It has also been recognized that a possibly high outlay for data transmission may be justified in order to be flexible in specifying the respective frequency characteristics for testing the underfrequency modes and from a central location, especially The central control unit of the wind farm can flexibly specify frequency characteristics for testing.
  • test frequency values are interpolated into each participating wind energy plant, in order thereby to obtain a coherent frequency profile of the network frequency to be emulated.
  • it is not necessary to transmit a test frequency value to all wind turbines at each time of measurement at which the grid frequency was previously recorded and taken into account. It may therefore be sufficient to transmit test frequency values at a significantly lower data rate and to obtain the values therebetween by interpolation.
  • the problem that a real-time transmission of a test frequency value at each sampling instant of the controller controlling the underfrequency mode would require a very high data rate and possibly be quite costly could be addressed thereby.
  • the test frequency curve is transmitted from a central parking control unit to the wind turbines and, in addition or alternatively, the test frequency profile is predetermined by the central parking control unit in order to adapt the test frequency characteristic to curves of the grid frequency to be tested.
  • the test frequency profile is predetermined by the central parking control unit in order to adapt the test frequency characteristic to curves of the grid frequency to be tested.
  • This makes it possible to control this test also centrally from a central parking control unit. This even makes it possible to take into account the behavior which is taking place, that is to say in particular the power values that are set, and, if appropriate, to adapt the frequency response. This could possibly also be used to emulate a reaction of the electrical supply network to such an underfrequency behavior of the park.
  • test frequency curve is adapted as a function of a resulting behavior of the wind turbine. This is especially suggested during test park mode. It is thus possible here to react to the behavior of the wind energy plant and thus to the behavior of the wind farm as a whole. The test of the underfrequency event can thus be adjusted even closer to reality.
  • this adjustment is made as a function of a sum of all additional electrical powers fed into the electrical supply network from rotational energy of the rotor.
  • it is considered how much power in total was additionally generated and fed in the wind farm in this parking test mode.
  • the emulated frequency response can be adjusted.
  • Such a property of the common grid connection point may be, for example, a short-circuit current ratio at the grid connection point or an inertia constant of a set of synchronous generators directly coupled to the electrical supply network, especially in a predetermined section of the electrical supply network.
  • a wind farm is also proposed, in which a test method according to at least one embodiment described above is implemented.
  • a wind energy plant is proposed, which has a rotor with one or more rotor blades in order to generate wind power from wind and to feed it into an electrical supply network.
  • This wind turbine has a frequency mode, in particular an underfrequency mode, which changes the fed-in power at a frequency event or an underfrequency event as a function of the mains frequency, in particular wins additional electric power from rotational energy of the rotor for a short time and feeds it into the electrical supply network.
  • the wind turbine is thus prepared to use a predetermined test frequency function as emulated network frequency in response to a start signal in order to test the sub-frequency mode.
  • a start signal can be received as such and, upon receipt, start the use of the test frequency function immediately or after a predetermined waiting time.
  • the start signal may also be generated or triggered depending on a time start command specifying a start time, in particular, the time start command or the start signal from the wind turbine is received from a central control unit of a wind farm. Accordingly, it is proposed that the wind turbine is constructed in a wind farm or is built.
  • the wind turbine is prepared to receive test frequency values of a test frequency course in order to emulate a network frequency profile based thereon.
  • the wind turbine thus receives directly the intended test frequency curve or at least supporting points thereof, and then uses this as an emulated network frequency curve. This also allows several wind turbines to run through a frequency mode or underfrequency mode at the same time, namely based on the same test frequency profile, if this is synchronously transmitted to other wind energy plants.
  • such a wind turbine is prepared to be set up or operated in a wind farm described above; in particular for carrying out a test method according to at least one embodiment described above for testing a behavior of a wind farm. In particular, it behaves like one of several wind turbines that are used for such a test method.
  • Figure 1 shows a wind turbine in a perspective view schematically.
  • FIG. 2 shows a wind farm in a schematic representation.
  • FIG. 3 shows a wind farm, with one of the wind turbines having a schematic structure for clarifying the operation of an underfrequency mode in a test method.
  • FIG. 4 shows a frequency curve of a test frequency function and illustrates the change of a course duration.
  • FIG. 5 schematically shows a frequency characteristic of a test frequency function and illustrates the change of an amplitude factor.
  • FIG. 1 shows a wind energy plant 100 with a tower 102 and a nacelle 104.
  • a rotor 106 with three rotor blades 108 and a spinner 110 is arranged on the nacelle 104.
  • the rotor 106 is set in rotation by the wind in rotation and thereby drives a generator in the nacelle 104 at.
  • FIG. 2 shows a wind farm 1 12 with, by way of example, three wind turbines 100, which may be the same or different.
  • the three wind turbines 100 are thus representative of virtually any number of wind turbines of a wind farm 1 12.
  • the wind turbines 100 provide their power, namely in particular the 5 generated power via an electric parking network 1 14 ready.
  • a transformer 1 16 which transforms the voltage in the park, to then at the feed point 1 18, which is also commonly referred to as PCC, in the supply network 120th feed.
  • Figure 2 is only a simplified illustration of a wind farm 1 12 which, for example, does not show control, although of course there is control.
  • the parking network 1 14 be designed differently, in which, for example, a transformer at the output of each wind turbine 100 is present, to name just another embodiment.
  • FIG. 3 shows a wind farm 300, which basically corresponds to that of FIG. Both figures 2 and 3 are in each case schematic representations of the wind farm.
  • the wind farm 300 of Figure 3 shows four wind turbines 302, which are also exemplary of other wind turbines.
  • One of the wind turbines 302 shown includes all elements of the structure shown within the dashed frame, so that the dashed frame is provided with the reference numeral 302.
  • 20 is also provided that the other wind turbines 302 have the same or the same structure, and they may differ in detail.
  • a parking control 304 is provided, which can control all wind turbines 302 of the wind farm 300.
  • control variables which are transmitted and exchanged only a few are shown which serve to explain the present invention. It is also possible to transmit other and further data, and it may not be necessary to transmit all the variables shown.
  • the tripping command Ts, the selection signal N, the step duration TK and the amplitude factor FA are transmitted. These elements can also be transmitted in a common test signal, which can also be called a start signal.
  • the transmission takes place to each of the wind turbines 302. There they are transmitted to the coordination controller 306.
  • This coordination controller co-ordinates the scheduled test and forwards the corresponding commands to the respective elements.
  • a plurality of test frequency functions 308a, 308b and 308c are stored in each wind turbine 302, each having a frequency characteristic as a test function.
  • These test frequency functions are also designated there as fi, fc and fk.
  • the last test frequency function 308c or fk is only hinted at and symbolizes that basically any number of test frequency functions can be stored. In most cases, however, only a few test frequency functions, such as two or three test frequency functions, are sufficient.
  • the selection signal N determines which of the stored test frequency functions 308a to 308c or the stored frequency characteristics are selected for the test. This is illustrated by a selection switch 310, which can however also be implemented differently, for example by a software selection, that is to say by programming. In any case, depending on the selection signal N, one of the test frequency functions 308a to 308c is selected.
  • the trigger command Ts is provided. This is converted in the coordination control 306 into a start command which can start the test by the start switch 312. Also, the start switch 312 is to be understood here particularly symbolically.
  • the process takes place in particular in such a way that the system controller 314 receives the frequency curve of the test frequency function 308a, 308b or 308c as the frequency to be taken into account with the start command, that is to say with the symbolic switching on of the start switch 312, and changes over to this test for the purpose of this test.
  • the plant controller 314 basically controls the inverter 316 shown as an example. For this purpose, it transmits, inter alia, a desired value for the active power P. In principle, this desired value of the active power P can also be transmitted to other control devices of the wind energy plant, which is indicated by the dashed lines Line to the nacelle of the wind turbine is indicated.
  • the system controller 314 controls the inverter 316 inter alia as a function of the frequency f, which is detected by means of the frequency measuring device 318. This frequency detection can take place on the side of the transformer 320 shown, or also in a region towards the parking network 324. In any case, as a result, with the frequency measuring device 318 the mains frequency f of the electrical supply network 322, that is to say the alternating voltage in the electrical supply network 322, is detected. Of course, other variables are also captured, but they are not shown here.
  • the mains frequency f as well as the phase position and further variables are also detected in order to drive the inverter 316 in a technically correct manner.
  • the test frequency fr is used for the specification of the active power P but now the test frequency fr is used.
  • test case is terminated again and the system controller 314 then again uses the network frequency f.
  • each wind energy plant 302 initially feeds into the parking network 324, which is only indicated here.
  • the further shown parking grid transformer 326 may identify the common grid connection point 328 of the wind farm 300. However, it is also possible to use and test a wind farm which comprises a plurality of wind farms and / or feeds into the electrical supply grid via a plurality of grid connection points.
  • FIG. 4 shows a frequency characteristic of a test frequency function, for example the test frequency function 308a, as indicated in FIG.
  • Its frequency curve 408 begins at time to with nominal frequency fN. The frequency then drops rapidly down to the value FA, for example, 99 percent of the nominal frequency fN can amount. Then the frequency rises again at time ti and again reaches the nominal frequency fN. This is just an illustrative progression, and the nature of the frequency response may also be different, as indicated for example by the test frequency function 308b of FIG. In any case, the frequency curve 408 shown for the duration Tv is predetermined. If this duration has ended, the test as a whole and thus the subfrequency mode and thus the park test mode must also be ended.
  • the duration of the test is also changed with the change of the end time, ie t'i or t "i
  • the actual underfrequency mode ie the specification of an increased active power P, can be triggered solely depending on the frequency values , So either the measured network frequency f or the emulated frequency fr, below a predetermined value, the underfrequency mode is triggered.
  • the frequency response does not necessarily start at the nominal frequency fN. Frequently, however, the network frequency has approximately this value. According to a variant, instead of the nominal frequency fN, the frequency currently available at the moment can be used. For a test of another frequency event, such as, for example, an overfrequency event, or a frequency oscillation, a corresponding frequency characteristic is stored analogously.
  • FIG. 5 likewise shows a test frequency function with a frequency curve 408 corresponding to FIG. 4.
  • FIG. 5 now illustrates that by changing the amplitude, the frequency profile 408 can also be changed in the amplitude direction.
  • the amplitude factor FA can be reduced or increased
  • FIG. 5 shows by way of example an enlargement to the enlarged amplitude factor F'A.
  • the amplitude factor FA is also considered to use the amplitude factor FA actually as a factor that assumes the value 1, if the amplitude of the stored frequency test function or the stored frequency response is to be maintained and otherwise positive to change Values above or below 1 are used.
  • an offset is provided and added or subtracted.
  • the invention thus starts from the following assumption. Especially with underfrequency events in the grid, some wind turbines can make a contribution to the stability of the frequency with a short-term increase in the power fed into the grid.
  • This functionality is implemented in the wind turbine control because a fast response is required when passing certain frequency measurements.
  • a test of this function is only possible in wind turbines in the field in that in the control of the wind turbine, a virtual frequency value, which differs from the actually measured frequency, namely usually the grid frequency, is specified. This is due to the fact that the actual network frequency can not be easily manipulated or allowed.
  • the wind farm controller send a trigger signal to all wind turbines in a wind farm within a very small time window, which can also be referred to as a start signal that initiates an almost simultaneous triggering of the function inertia emulation the function of providing increased power at a frequency drop based on a virtual frequency signal in all wind turbines.
  • a trigger signal or start signal contains the following two information, namely:
  • a selection signal to select one of the different frequency profiles stored in the wind energy plant control for the test case.
  • the possibility of influencing the frequency response by a change in the time base of the stored frequency response by the central parking control is proposed.
  • the time base which is also referred to synonymously as the course duration, is set to 100 ms in the system by default and can be adjusted in particular by the central parking control device between 10 ms and 1000 ms with a resolution of 10 ms.
  • the proposed method uses a test function that is used in each individual wind turbine.
  • This test function executes a stored simulated frequency event on the system level, namely an underfrequency curve. Depending on the parameterization of the inertia emulation, the corresponding power is then applied at the plant level.
  • the central park control serves as trigger of the Inertia test function at the parking level.
  • the parking control device offers a menu for triggering the triggering of the inertia test function at the system level.
  • Each system which is connected to a data bus of the central parking control, then runs the system-internal test frequency curve.
  • a stored frequency curve is selected in the control of each wind turbine.
  • a numerical value for example, from 1 to 99 can be selected. It may be sufficient if, for example, only 3 curves are stored, so that then between the numbers 1, 2 or 3 can be selected. It is proposed the possibility of compressing or expanding or extending over a change in the course duration, in particular via the change of a step duration, the stored frequency curve.
  • the numerical value 0 means to use a stored default value for the step duration sampling time step, which may be 100 ms or 200 ms, for example. The minimum value is 10ms and the maximum value is 1000ms.
  • each system in the data bus of the central park control system sends a bit signal which carries out the test function at the plant level, that is to say in every wind energy plant.
  • the central park control can not directly trigger the inertia function at the plant level, but only a test of the inertia function. The control of a central park control is otherwise unaffected.
  • the activation of this test requires the input of a service code to prevent abuse.
  • a fast power-frequency control of a wind farm optionally with power setpoints from the wind farm controller can be performed, so that a virtual frequency curve is stored only on the wind farm controller.
  • a correspondingly fast and secure data transmission within the wind farm must be ensured.

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
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Abstract

Procédé de test pour le test de la réaction d'un parc éolien (300) à un événement de fréquence, en particulier un événement de sous-fréquence, le parc éolien (300) comprenant plusieurs éoliennes (302) qui injectent de la puissance électrique (P) dans un réseau d'alimentation électrique (322), les éoliennes (302) comprenant respectivement un rotor (106) avec une ou plusieurs pales de rotor (108) et générant de la puissance éolienne à partir de vent et l'injectant dans le réseau d'alimentation électrique (322), le réseau d'alimentation électrique (322) comprenant une tension de réseau avec une fréquence de réseau (f), les éoliennes (302) comprenant un mode de fréquence dans lequel, en cas d'un événement de fréquence, la puissance (P) injectée est modifiée brièvement en fonction de la fréquence de réseau (f), les éoliennes (302) changeant à leur mode de fréquence respectif dans un mode de test de parc pour le test d'une réaction du parc éolien (300) dans le cas d'un événement de fréquence, les modes de fréquence des éoliennes (302) participant au test étant testés en même temps, pour ainsi tester la réaction du parc éolien (300), les modes de fréquence à tester utilisant, au lieu d'une fréquence (f) mesurée, une fonction de fréquence de test (308) émulant un événement de fréquence, les modes de fréquence étant coordonnés par le fait que les éoliennes (302) participantes, contrôlées par une commande de démarrage commune, lancent leurs modes de fréquence simultanément et qu'une fonction de fréquence de test (fT) identique est définie pour les éoliennes (302).
EP18712123.1A 2017-03-14 2018-03-09 Procédé de test pour tester la réaction d'un parc éolien à un événement de sous-fréquence Withdrawn EP3596795A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102017105367.0A DE102017105367A1 (de) 2017-03-14 2017-03-14 Testverfahren zum Testen des Verhaltens eines Windparks auf ein Unterfrequenzereignis
PCT/EP2018/055954 WO2018166923A1 (fr) 2017-03-14 2018-03-09 Procédé de test pour tester la réaction d'un parc éolien à un événement de sous-fréquence

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EP3596795A1 true EP3596795A1 (fr) 2020-01-22

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US (1) US20200049131A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP3596795A1 (fr)
CA (1) CA3055462C (fr)
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WO (1) WO2018166923A1 (fr)

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DE102017112491A1 (de) * 2017-06-07 2018-12-13 Wobben Properties Gmbh Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Windparks
CN112983736B (zh) * 2019-12-13 2022-04-12 中车株洲电力机车研究所有限公司 一种风电机组传动链多模控制保护方法及装置
CN112230627B (zh) * 2020-10-30 2022-10-11 重庆长安汽车股份有限公司 一种车身控制器的远程测试方法
CN113007039B (zh) * 2021-03-18 2022-06-14 南方电网科学研究院有限责任公司 一种风电场惯量响应测试方法及装置

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DE102008049629A1 (de) * 2008-09-30 2010-04-08 Repower Systems Ag Windenergieanlagenprüfeinrichtung
DE102011056172A1 (de) * 2011-12-08 2013-06-13 GL Garrad Hassan Deutschland GmbH Prüfeinrichtung zur Durchführung von Funktionstests an Energieerzeugern
EP2620780A1 (fr) * 2012-01-26 2013-07-31 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Unité de test de performance de grille pour éoliennes
US9122274B2 (en) * 2012-10-10 2015-09-01 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Test system for determining a frequency response of a virtual power plant
DE102015201857A1 (de) * 2015-02-03 2016-08-04 Wobben Properties Gmbh Windenergieanlagen-Prüfvorrichtung und Verfahren zum Prüfen einer Windenergieanlage
WO2017036836A1 (fr) * 2015-08-28 2017-03-09 Abb Technology Oy Test d'éolienne

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CA3055462C (fr) 2023-10-03
WO2018166923A1 (fr) 2018-09-20
US20200049131A1 (en) 2020-02-13
DE102017105367A1 (de) 2018-09-20
CA3055462A1 (fr) 2018-09-20

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