EP3596768A1 - Pièce moulée poreuse destinée à un module électrochimique - Google Patents

Pièce moulée poreuse destinée à un module électrochimique

Info

Publication number
EP3596768A1
EP3596768A1 EP18714949.7A EP18714949A EP3596768A1 EP 3596768 A1 EP3596768 A1 EP 3596768A1 EP 18714949 A EP18714949 A EP 18714949A EP 3596768 A1 EP3596768 A1 EP 3596768A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
gas
cell unit
electrochemical
process gas
molding
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP18714949.7A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Christian BIENERT
Wolfgang SCHAFBAUER
Marco Brandner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Plansee SE
Original Assignee
Plansee SE
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Plansee SE filed Critical Plansee SE
Publication of EP3596768A1 publication Critical patent/EP3596768A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
    • H01M8/023—Porous and characterised by the material
    • H01M8/0232—Metals or alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
    • C25B9/70—Assemblies comprising two or more cells
    • C25B9/73—Assemblies comprising two or more cells of the filter-press type
    • C25B9/75—Assemblies comprising two or more cells of the filter-press type having bipolar electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
    • H01M8/0258—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
    • H01M8/0258—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
    • H01M8/026—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant characterised by grooves, e.g. their pitch or depth
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
    • H01M8/0258—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
    • H01M8/0265—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant the reactant or coolant channels having varying cross sections
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0271—Sealing or supporting means around electrodes, matrices or membranes
    • H01M8/0273—Sealing or supporting means around electrodes, matrices or membranes with sealing or supporting means in the form of a frame
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
    • H01M8/1231—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte with both reactants being gaseous or vaporised
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
    • H01M8/241—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with solid or matrix-supported electrolytes
    • H01M8/2425—High-temperature cells with solid electrolytes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
    • H01M8/241—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with solid or matrix-supported electrolytes
    • H01M8/2425—High-temperature cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M8/2432—Grouping of unit cells of planar configuration
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
    • H01M8/2465—Details of groupings of fuel cells
    • H01M8/2483—Details of groupings of fuel cells characterised by internal manifolds
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
    • H01M2008/1293—Fuel cells with solid oxide electrolytes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
    • H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
    • H01M8/0625—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material in a modular combined reactor/fuel cell structure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
    • H01M8/0662—Treatment of gaseous reactants or gaseous residues, e.g. cleaning
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a porous molding for placement in an electrochemical module according to claim 1 and an electrochemical module according to claim 13.
  • the porous molded part according to the invention is used in an electrochemical module which is used inter alia as a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), as solid oxide electrolyzer cell (SOEC) and as reversible
  • an electrochemically active cell of the electrochemical module comprises a gas-tight solid electrolyte disposed between a gas-permeable anode and gas-permeable cathode.
  • the electrochemically active components such as anode, electrolyte and cathode are often formed as comparatively thin layers. A thereby required mechanical support function can by one of the electrochemically active
  • Layers such as by the electrolyte, the anode or the cathode, which are then respectively formed thick accordingly (one speaks in these cases of an electrolyte, anode or cathode-supported cell, Engl, electrolyte, anode or cathode supported cell ), or by a component formed separately from these functional layers, such as a ceramic or metallic carrier substrate.
  • metallic carrier substrate one speaks of a metal-supported cell (MSC).
  • MSCs can be used at a comparatively low operating temperature of about 600 ° C are operated up to 800 ° C (while, for example, electrolyte-supported cells are operated in part at operating temperatures of up to 1,000 ° C). Due to their specific advantages, MSCs are particularly suitable for mobile applications, such as for the electrical supply of passenger cars or utility vehicles (APU - auxiliary power unit).
  • the electrochemically active cell units are formed as flat individual elements, which in conjunction with corresponding
  • Metallic housing parts such., Interconnector, frame plate, gas lines, etc. are stacked on a stack and electrically contacted in series. Corresponding housing parts accomplish in the individual cells of the stack each separate supply of process gases - in the case of a fuel cell, the supply of the fuel to the anode and the oxidant to the cathode - and the anode-side and cathode-side derivative of the electrochemical reaction
  • a process gas space is formed within the stack on both sides of the electrolyte.
  • the stack can be executed in a closed design, in which the two, respectively by the electrolyte and corresponding housing parts
  • Gas chambers are sealed gas-tight.
  • an open design is feasible, in which only a process gas space, in the case of a fuel cell, for example, the anode-side process gas space in which the fuel is supplied or the reaction product is discharged, sealed gas-tight, while, for example, the oxidizing agent (oxygen, air) flows through the stack freely.
  • Gas passage openings which can be integrated, for example, in the frame plate, the interconnector or in MSCs in the edge region of the carrier substrate, serve to supply and discharge of the process gases in the sealed process gas chamber and out of this.
  • a stack arrangement is open
  • the various process gas chambers are reliably separated from each other gas-tight and this gas-tight separation is maintained even under mechanical loads and occurring during operation cyclically changing temperatures.
  • Particularly in the production of a stack occur when juxtaposing the modules in the edge region high pressure loads that can lead to bending and cracking in welds, whereby the gas-tightness is at risk.
  • a uniform flow of the electrochemically active layers by the process gases or a uniform discharge of the resulting reaction gases is important.
  • the various electrochemical modules within the stack are supplied in the vertical direction by corresponding channel structures, the supply within an electrochemical module in the horizontal direction by means of distribution structures, which are usually integrated into the interconnector.
  • Interconnectors which also have to accomplish the electrical contacting of adjacent electrochemical cell units, have for this purpose on both sides gas guiding structures, which may be formed, for example, in the shape of a knob or rib.
  • gas guiding structures which may be formed, for example, in the shape of a knob or rib.
  • the interconnector is formed by a correspondingly shaped, metallic sheet metal part, which is analogous to other components in the stack for
  • Weight optimization is carried out as possible as thin as possible. This can easily lead to deformations in the case of mechanical stresses, such as occur during the joining or operation of the stack, especially at the edge region, and therefore be extremely disadvantageous with regard to the required gas-tightness.
  • the object of the present invention is to inexpensively provide an electrochemical module and a molding for use within the process gas space of a
  • electrochemical module in which the gas-tightness of the process gas space of the electrochemical module over long periods of use even at
  • electrochemical module should also be distinguished by advantageous gas line properties, ie it should be as uniform as possible low pressure drop of the process gases within the Process gas space can be achieved, so that a uniform as possible
  • the molding according to claim 1 is used for an electrochemical module, which is used as a high-temperature fuel cell or
  • Solid oxide fuel cell SOFC
  • solid oxide electrolyzer cell SOEC
  • Solid oxide fuel cell R-SOFC
  • the basic structure of such an electrochemical module has an electrochemical cell unit, which has a layer structure with at least one electrochemically active layer and can also include a carrier substrate.
  • an electrochemically active layer is understood here to mean an anode, electrolyte or cathode layer, if appropriate the layer structure can also comprise further layers (made of, for example, cerium-gadolinium oxide between electrolyte and cathode layer)
  • electrochemically active layers Not all electrochemically active layers must be present, but rather the layer structure can also have only one electrochemically active layer (eg the anode), preferably two electrochemically active layers (eg anode and electrolyte), and the further layers, in particular those for Completion of an electrochemical cell unit can be applied later.
  • the electrochemical cell unit may be formed as electrolyte supported cell, anode supported cell, or cathode supported cell, respectively (the epitaxial layer is made thicker and takes on a mechanically supported cell) Function).
  • the layer stack is supported on a porous, plate-shaped metallic support substrate having a preferred thickness typically in the range of 170 ⁇ m to 1.5 mm, especially in the Range of 250 ⁇ to 800 ⁇ , arranged in a gas-permeable, central region.
  • the carrier substrate forms part of the electrochemical cell unit.
  • the application of the layers of the layer stack is carried out in a known manner, preferably by means of PVD (PVD: Physical
  • Vapor phase deposition such as e.g. by sputtering, and / or thermal coating method such as e.g. Flame spraying or plasma spraying and / or wet chemical processes such as e.g. Screen printing, wet powder coating, etc., wherein for the realization of the entire layer structure of a
  • the anode is usually the electrochemically active layer following the carrier substrate, while the cathode is formed on the side of the electrolyte remote from the carrier substrate.
  • Both the anode (in an MSC, for example, formed from a composite consisting of nickel and yttria fully stabilized zirconia) and the cathode (in an MSC, for example formed from mixed conducting perovskites such as (La, Sr) (Co, Fe) 03) are gas permeable .
  • a gas-tight solid electrolyte made of a solid ceramic material of metal oxide e.g., yttria
  • the solid electrolyte may also be conductive to protons, which relates to a younger generation of SOFCs (e.g.
  • Solid electrolyte of metal oxide in particular of barium-zirconium oxide, barium-cerium oxide, lanthanum-tungsten oxide or lanthanum-niobium oxide).
  • the electrochemical module furthermore has at least one metallic gas-tight housing, which forms a gas-tight process gas space with the electrochemical cell unit.
  • the process gas space is limited in the area of the electrochemical cell unit by the gas-tight electrolyte.
  • the interconnector On the opposite side of the process gas space is usually limited by the interconnector, which is considered in the context of the present invention as part of the housing.
  • the interconnector is connected to the gas-tight element of the electrochemical cell unit, optionally in Combination with additional housing parts, in particular circumferential frame plates or the like, which the rest of demarcation of
  • the gas-tight connection of the interconnector preferably takes place by means of soldering and / or soldering
  • Frame sheets which in turn are connected to the carrier substrate gas-tight and so together with the gas-tight electrolyte gas-tight
  • Form process gas chamber for electrolyte-supported cells, attachment may be by sintered connections or by application of sealant (e.g., glass solder).
  • sealant e.g., glass solder
  • the housing extends beyond the region of the electrochemical cell unit on at least one side of the electrochemical cell unit and, as a subspace of the process gas space, forms a process gas guidance chamber open to the electrochemical cell unit.
  • the process gas chamber
  • the gas passage openings for example, in the edge region of the interconnector and in housing parts such as circumferential
  • the supply of the electrochemical cell unit in the inner region of the process gas space by means of distribution structures, preferably in the
  • the interconnector is embodied by a correspondingly shaped metallic sheet metal part, which is, for example, knob-shaped or wavy.
  • fuel for example hydrogen or conventional hydrocarbons, such as methane, natural gas, biogas, etc., possibly fully or partially pre-reformed
  • the electrons are derived from the fuel cell and flow via an electrical load to the cathode.
  • the cathode becomes an oxidizing agent
  • the electrical circuit is closed by flowing in an oxygen ion conductive electrolyte flowing at the cathode oxygen ions to the anode via the electrolyte and to the corresponding
  • Interfaces react with the fuel.
  • a redox reaction is forced using electric current, for example a conversion of water into hydrogen and oxygen.
  • the structure of the SOEC substantially corresponds to the structure of an SOFC outlined above, in which the role of cathode and anode is reversed.
  • a reversible solid oxide fuel cell (R-SOFC) is operable as both SOEC and SOFC.
  • a molded part which is formed as a separate component of the electrochemical cell unit and the housing.
  • the molded part is produced by powder metallurgy and is therefore porous or at least partially porous, if it is post-treated by pressing or local melting, for example, at the edge or on the surface.
  • the molding is preferably formed flat and has a flat body with a
  • the molded part is adapted to the arrangement within the process gas guiding space, in other words its shape is adapted to the interior of the process gas guiding space.
  • the Molded part is in the operation of the electrochemical module within the
  • Process gas routing space i. in the process gas space completely outside the area directly below the layer structure of the electrochemical cell unit.
  • the molded part rests with its upper side against an upper housing part of the process gas guide space and with its lower side against a lower housing part of the process gas guide space.
  • Form part thus corresponds to the room interior height of the
  • the upper and lower housing wall is thereby supported in the region of the process gas guiding space along the stacking direction.
  • the molded part fulfills a mechanical support function.
  • the two-dimensional molded part is a spacer and acts as a support element, the upon application of a contact pressure
  • the molded part can thus absorb mechanical loads in the vertical direction (in the stacking direction of the electrochemical modules), as they occur during the stacking and subsequent pressing of the individual modules into a stack, and transfer them to an adjacent module.
  • the molded part also causes a mechanical reinforcement of the edge region of the electrochemical module. Due to the planar design of the molded part, the bending and torsional rigidity of the housing edge region is significantly increased and thus the housing edge region
  • Process gas guide chamber To optimize the gas line gas line structures may be formed in the molded part, which by the
  • the gas line structures can be designed differently, depending on whether the molded part has to fulfill a gas distributor or a gas collector task.
  • throughgoing gas passage openings are integrated into the molded part.
  • the molding is thereby aligned within the electrochemical module such that the
  • the molding is at least in one direction in the main plane of extension of the gas passage opening to a lateral, the inner process gas space facing edge
  • the molding can generally or at least in this direction have an open, continuous porosity.
  • the gas permeability (porosity) of the molded part can vary spatially and be adjusted accordingly, for example by grading the porosity or locally different compression of the molded part (for example by inhomogeneous pressing).
  • Main extension plane have at least one channel, whereby a more directional gas control and a higher gas flow rate is made possible.
  • a plurality of channels is provided for the purpose of better gas distribution and higher gas flow rate.
  • the channel or channels are preferably formed on the surface and can, for example, by milling, pressing or rolling with appropriate Structures are incorporated into the surface of the molding.
  • Gas passage opening extends to a lateral edge, as viewed from the gas passage opening to the side edge permeable to gas. It is also conceivable that the channel or channels extend at least in sections over the entire thickness of the molded part, that the channels are thus not only superficially formed. In this embodiment, a higher gas flow rate is advantageous, but it must be ensured that the molded part remains in one piece and does not fall apart. To prevent this, the channels extending over the entire thickness can pass over their course into superficial channel structures or porous structures.
  • the shape of the channels can be optimized by various approaches:
  • the channel or channels extend continuously from the gas passage opening to the lateral edge of the molding, which faces the inner process gas space. It can be achieved in this way a high gas flow rate and a low pressure drop.
  • radial is meant that the local tangent to the channel in the region of the mouth of the channel in the gas passage opening through the center of the gas passage opening (geometric center of gravity for non-circular gas passage openings) extends.
  • substantially radial means that the deviation from exactly radial is maximum +/- 15 °.
  • the channels in the lateral edge may open parallel or substantially parallel to one another.
  • parallel to each other is meant that at the lateral edge the local tangents to the different channels are parallel to each other or - if they are in the Are substantially parallel to each other - do not differ more than by the angle +/- 10 °.
  • the individual channels are preferably equidistant from one another at the lateral edge and distributed uniformly over the lateral edge.
  • the cross-sectional area of a channel is chosen to be larger the larger the channel is in the case of several channels. So it is the higher pressure drop over a larger channel length compensated by a larger cross-sectional area of the channel.
  • a plurality of channels extends in a star shape away from the gas passage opening and opens into the lateral edge, which faces the inner process gas space.
  • the channels which initially branch off from the gas passage opening in a direction away from the inner process gas space, are thereby deflected arcuately to the lateral edge, which points in the direction of the inner process gas space.
  • the molding has a plurality of gas passage openings, of which gas line structures for the lateral, the inner
  • the porous molding can be gas-tight pressed on the remaining lateral edge surfaces, which are not facing the inner process gas space in the arrangement in the electrochemical cell, since no gas flow is required in these directions during operation of the electrochemical module.
  • the molding according to the invention is produced separately from the other components of the electrochemical module and preferably by powder metallurgy. It is preferably monolithic, that is to say formed from one piece, by which it is understood that it is not a question of a plurality of components, which may also be interconnected by a material connection (eg soldering, welding, etc.).
  • the powder metallurgical and one-piece Production can be recognized by the microstructure of the molded part.
  • Starting material for the production of the molding is a metal-containing powder, preferably a powder of a corrosion-resistant alloy such as a powder of a Cr (chromium) and / or Fe (iron) based material combination, i. the Cr and Fe content is in total at least 50% by weight, preferably in total at least 80% by weight, preferably at least 90% by weight.
  • the molded part consists in this case of a ferritic alloy.
  • the preferably powder metallurgical production of the molding is carried out in a known manner by pressing the starting powder, optionally with the addition of organic binders, and
  • the molding is preferably made of the same material as the support substrate of the MSC. This is advantageous because in this case the thermal expansion is the same and no temperature-induced stresses occur.
  • the molded part according to the invention is used in an electrochemical module, in particular in an MSC like them
  • the electrochemical module for the supply and discharge of the process gases each have differently shaped parts.
  • the molded parts may differ in terms of the material used, their shape, porosity, the shape of the formed gas line structures such as the channel structures, etc.
  • the porosity of the molded part used for the gas discharge may be less than the porosity of the molded part used for the gas supply.
  • the molding is in the electrochemical module by a
  • the porous molding has a mechanical supporting function and serves to improve the gas flow in the process gas guiding space.
  • the porous molding is additionally functionalized on its surface to improve its catalytic and / or reactive properties for manipulation of the process gases, i.
  • a manipulation of the process gases processing of the process gases on the educt side or a post-processing on the product side
  • the use of a porous molding is advantageous in the case of functionalization with catalytic and / or reactive properties, since the surface that comes into contact with the passing process gas is significantly larger in a porous component compared to a solid component and accordingly more reactive.
  • the process gas can additionally be reformed by means of the functionalized molding on the educt side (the carbonaceous fuel gas is converted into a synthesis gas from a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen) and / or impurities like sulfur or chlorine.
  • the product side for example, a suitably functionalized molded part can contribute to the purification of volatile chromium.
  • a functionalization of the porous molded part can be carried out by introducing a catalytically and / or reactively acting with the process gas substance into the material of the molding and / or as a superficial coating
  • the catalytically and / or reactive substance can thus already be added to the starting powder for the production of the sintered molded part ("alloyed") and / or applied after the sintering process by a coating process on the surface of the molding with the open pores in this case by customary methods known to the person skilled in the art, for example by means of different deposition processes from the gas phase (physical vapor deposition, chemical vapor deposition), by dip coating (in which the component is infiltrated or impregnated with a melt with the corresponding functional material) or by application of Suspensions or pastes (especially for ceramic materials)
  • chromium, copper and / or titanium, titanium for the purification of the educt gas with respect to oxygen: chromium, copper and / or titanium, titanium also having a restraining effect on carbon at the same time.
  • Getter structures for cleaning against volatile chromium ions oxide ceramics such as Cu-Ni-Mn spinels;
  • titanium, copper or substoichiometric spinel compounds For purifying the product gas against oxygen and preventing back diffusion: titanium, copper or substoichiometric spinel compounds.
  • FIG. 1a a first embodiment of a molding for use in an electrochemical module in perspective view; the molding of Fig. 1a in plan view and
  • FIG. 2b an electrochemical module from FIG. 2b with a molded part according to FIG. 1 a in an exploded view (it should be noted that the electrochemical module in FIG. 2 c in FIG.
  • FIG. 3a a second embodiment of a molding for use in an electrochemical module in perspective view and the molding of Fig. 3a in plan view.
  • FIG. 1a shows a perspective view of a first embodiment of the molded part (10) for use in an electrochemical module (20).
  • the arrangement of the molding (10) within the electrochemical module (20) is shown in Fig. 2b and Fig. 2c.
  • 1 b shows the molded part (10) in plan view and in FIG. 1 c in a side view from the side (A) which, in the arrangement in the electrochemical module (20), faces the interior of the process gas space.
  • the molded part (10) is produced by powder metallurgy and is therefore porous.
  • the molding is flat and has a flat body with a main plane of extension. It has a plurality of gas passage openings
  • Channels (12) each extend in a star-shaped manner from the gas passage openings as far as the lateral edge (A) of the molding, which in the arrangement in the electrochemical module faces the inner process gas space of the electrochemical module. Channels used by the
  • Gas outlet opening (11) originally branch off in a direction away from the inner process gas chamber direction, are thereby deflected arcuately to the lateral edge (A) in the direction of the inner process gas space.
  • the individual channels originally branch off in a direction away from the inner process gas chamber direction, are thereby deflected arcuately to the lateral edge (A) in the direction of the inner process gas space.
  • the mold part (10) from the gas passage opening (11) in the direction of the lateral edge (A) has a gas-permeable, open-pored structure (i.e., gas exchange between individual adjacent pores is possible). At the other lateral edges it is pressed (13) and therefore gas-impermeable in these directions.
  • the process gas flows from the gas passage openings (11) through the channels (12) and the pores to the lateral edge (A) of the molded part, from where it continues to flow into the inner process gas space.
  • the gas flow can also take place in the opposite direction.
  • the number and geometry of the channels is optimized so that the inner
  • Process gas space is supplied as evenly as possible.
  • the distances between adjacent channels are approximately equal at the lateral edge (A), ie, the channels are distributed uniformly over the lateral edge at their mouth.
  • Embodiment approximating the channels at the lateral edge (A) a right angle the channels are thus in this area locally to each other substantially parallel.
  • the channels are formed on the surface and vary in their cross-sectional area.
  • the cross-sectional area of a channel is substantially constant over its length, but chosen to be larger, the greater the length of the channel from the gas passage opening (11) to the lateral edge (A). This is also a measure to ensure the most uniform possible flow or discharge from the distribution structures of the
  • FIG. 2a shows a stack with three electrochemical modules according to the prior art without the molding according to the invention.
  • the arrangement of the molded part in an electrochemical module (20) is shown in Fig. 2b and Fig. 2c.
  • FIGS. 2a and 2b each show a schematic representation of a cross section through a stack (30) with three electrochemical modules (20) stacked on top of one another.
  • the electrochemical modules (20) each have an electrochemical cell unit (21), which consists of a
  • Carrier substrate (22) with the layer structure (23) is gas-tight pressed at the edge and has a plate-shaped basic structure, which may also be locally curved, for example, wave-shaped embodiments in order to increase the surface on a smaller scale.
  • a plate-shaped basic structure which may also be locally curved, for example, wave-shaped embodiments in order to increase the surface on a smaller scale.
  • an interconnector (24) which has a rib structure (24a) in the region where it rests against the carrier substrate (22).
  • Rib structure extends in the cross-sectional plane in Fig. 2a and Fig. 2b.
  • the interconnector (24) extends beyond the region of the electrochemical cell unit (21) and abuts at its outer edge on a frame plate (25) surrounding the electrochemical cell unit.
  • the peripheral frame plate (25) is gas-tight at the inner edge with the
  • the frame plate (25) and the interconnector (24) thus form part of a metallic, gas-tight housing, which defines a gas-tight process gas space (26) with the electrochemical cell unit (21).
  • the process gas guiding space (27) is a subspace of the
  • electrochemical cell unit (21) formed open. In the area of
  • Interconnector gas passage openings (28) for supply and / or discharge of the process gases formed (not shown in Figs. 2a and 2b, since the cut is made laterally of the gas passage openings).
  • Gas passage openings in the housing (28) and the gas passage openings (11) in the molded part are aligned with each other.
  • the gas routing within the stack takes place in the vertical direction (stacking direction of the stack (B)) through corresponding channel structures, which are usually formed in the region of the gas passage openings by separate inserts (29), seals and by targeted application of sealing compound (for example glass solder).
  • sealing compound for example glass solder
  • Channel structures connect in the vertical direction the process gas guidance spaces of adjacent electrochemical modules.
  • FIG. 2 a shows the prior art without a molded part
  • FIGS. 2 b and 2 c show the arrangement of the molded part according to FIG. 1 a within the process gas guide space 27 of the electrochemical module 20. It should be noted that in Figure 2c the electrochemical module is shown upside down in comparison to the modules in Figures 2a and 2b for better visibility of the channels (12). The shape of the molding is attached to the
  • the molding lies with its upper side on the frame plate (25), the upper delimitation of
  • the superficially formed channels (12) are located on the underside of the molding (10) (in Fig. 2c is the molding shown upside down).
  • Fig. 2c is the molding shown upside down.
  • Process gas guiding space takes over the molding an important mechanical function. It serves to support the housing along the stacking direction of the stack (B), so that when applying a contact pressure
  • Frame plate (25) and thin interconnector (24) is significantly increased and thus reduces the risk of cracking in the welds under mechanical loads.
  • the molding is spot welded to the housing and fixed so. Preference is given to the supply and discharge of the
  • Fig. 3a shows schematically a perspective view and Fig. 3b shows the plan view of another embodiment of the molding. In this
  • Embodiment are the individual gas passage openings (11) of the molded part by additional channels with each other.
  • Channel structure contributes to an additional gas balance.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne une pièce moulée (10, 10', 10'') poreuse destinée à un module électrochimique (20). Ce module électrochimique (20) comporte au moins une unité cellule électrochimique (21) présentant une structure stratifiée (23) pourvue d'au moins une couche électrochimiquement active, et un boîtier (24; 25) métallique, étanche aux gaz, qui forme avec l'unité cellule électrochimique une chambre de gaz de traitement (26) étanche aux gaz. Le boîtier (24; 25) s'étend sur au moins un côté au-delà de la zone de l'unité cellule électrochimique (21) et forme ainsi une chambre de guidage de gaz de traitement (27) ouverte vers l'unité cellule électrochimique et présente, dans la zone de la chambre de guidage de gaz de traitement (27), au moins une ouverture de passage de gaz (28) pour l'amenée et/ou l'évacuation des gaz de traitement. La pièce moulée selon l'invention (10, 10'; 10'') se présente sous la forme d'un composant séparé de l'unité cellule électrochimique (21) et est adapté pour être disposé à l'intérieur de la chambre de guidage de gaz de traitement (27) et pour soutenir le boîtier des deux côtés le long d'une direction d'empilement (B) du module électrochimique.
EP18714949.7A 2017-03-16 2018-02-22 Pièce moulée poreuse destinée à un module électrochimique Withdrawn EP3596768A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ATGM54/2017U AT15921U1 (de) 2017-03-16 2017-03-16 Poröses Formteil für elektrochemisches Modul
PCT/AT2018/000007 WO2018165682A1 (fr) 2017-03-16 2018-02-22 Pièce moulée poreuse destinée à un module électrochimique

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EP3596768A1 true EP3596768A1 (fr) 2020-01-22

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US (1) US20200243875A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP3596768A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2020511749A (fr)
KR (1) KR20190128178A (fr)
CN (1) CN110603676A (fr)
AT (1) AT15921U1 (fr)
CA (1) CA3055588A1 (fr)
TW (1) TW201843872A (fr)
WO (1) WO2018165682A1 (fr)

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GB201713140D0 (en) * 2017-08-16 2017-09-27 Ceres Ip Co Ltd Fuel cell multi cell layer/welding process
US11883801B2 (en) * 2018-06-20 2024-01-30 Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. Steam reforming catalyst and fuel cell system using the same
CN110767919B (zh) * 2019-12-26 2020-04-10 武汉中极氢能产业创新中心有限公司 燃料电池的双极板和燃料电池

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DE10135334B4 (de) * 2001-07-19 2012-09-06 Elringklinger Ag Brennstoffzelleneinheit und Brennstoffzellenblockverbund
DE10135333A1 (de) 2001-07-19 2003-02-06 Elringklinger Ag Brennstoffzelleneinheit
US7625658B2 (en) * 2003-09-08 2009-12-01 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Zur Foerderung Der Angewandten Forschung E.V. Interconnector for high-temperature fuel cell unit
NL1026861C2 (nl) * 2004-08-18 2006-02-24 Stichting Energie SOFC stackconcept.
DE102007034967A1 (de) 2007-07-26 2009-01-29 Plansee Se Brennstoffzelle und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung
US20110104584A1 (en) * 2009-11-05 2011-05-05 Korea Advanced Institute Of Science And Technology Metal supported solid oxide fuel cell
DE102012221676A1 (de) * 2012-11-27 2014-05-28 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Brennstoffzelle mit einem Anoden-Kathoden-Stapel
WO2016185594A1 (fr) * 2015-05-21 2016-11-24 日産自動車株式会社 Module de pile pour pile à combustible à oxyde solide et pile à combustible à oxyde solide l'utilisant
AT14455U3 (de) * 2015-07-14 2017-05-15 Plansee Se Elektrochemisches Modul

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Publication number Publication date
TW201843872A (zh) 2018-12-16
WO2018165682A1 (fr) 2018-09-20
JP2020511749A (ja) 2020-04-16
KR20190128178A (ko) 2019-11-15
CN110603676A (zh) 2019-12-20
AT15921U1 (de) 2018-09-15
US20200243875A1 (en) 2020-07-30
CA3055588A1 (fr) 2018-09-20

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