EP3593373B1 - Holding device for vacuum interrupters - Google Patents

Holding device for vacuum interrupters Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3593373B1
EP3593373B1 EP18716923.0A EP18716923A EP3593373B1 EP 3593373 B1 EP3593373 B1 EP 3593373B1 EP 18716923 A EP18716923 A EP 18716923A EP 3593373 B1 EP3593373 B1 EP 3593373B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
openings
base
holding
switching device
holding apparatus
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EP18716923.0A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3593373A1 (en
Inventor
Stefan Kern
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/6606—Terminal arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/52—Cooling of switch parts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/52—Cooling of switch parts
    • H01H2009/526—Cooling of switch parts of the high voltage switches
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/6606—Terminal arrangements
    • H01H2033/6613—Cooling arrangements directly associated with the terminal arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/666—Operating arrangements
    • H01H2033/6665—Details concerning the mounting or supporting of the individual vacuum bottles

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an improved holding device for vacuum interrupters and a switchgear with such a holding device.
  • the current-carrying parts In gas-insulated switchgear, the current-carrying parts, the so-called main circuit, heat up during operation.
  • the heat development results from the power loss caused by the electrical resistance of the main current path.
  • This electrical resistance is made up of various components: on the one hand, the line resistance of the current-carrying parts themselves, determined by their cross-section, length, and conductor material; and on the other hand from the transition resistances at the contact points between different parts of the main current path.
  • non-fixed contact points on moving parts of the current path e.g. the contacts or contact systems of the vacuum interrupter - have high resistances, which lead to high local heating, the so-called hot spots.
  • Temperature rise is the limiting variable when designing a switchgear for a specific rated current, since certain temperatures specified by standards on live components must not be exceeded.
  • the vacuum interrupter as a central component of modern switchgear causes a significant proportion of the total power loss due to its resistance.
  • the power loss dissipated to a large extent via the movable as well as the fixed contact and hot spots are unavoidably formed in these areas.
  • a switchgear in which the vacuum interrupter is arranged between two contact fittings, each forming an upper and a lower heat sink.
  • the lower heat sink is provided with centrally symmetrically arranged air inlet openings in the peripheral area.
  • a metal-encapsulated gas-insulated switchgear which has a support insulator which is provided with passage openings for the insulating gas and has a channel which begins near a connection body for the current path and which, after approximately a right-angled deflection, ends in the housing. This channel is effective in the event of an arc fault and favors the arc fault being extinguished or its transfer into the housing.
  • a receiving device of a switching device that has a base with a receiving opening for receiving a vacuum interrupter and one or more first openings, the base being mounted on a bushing having one or more second openings.
  • the first openings are arranged closer to the receiving opening than the second openings and the second openings are arranged closer to an outer wall of the switching device than the first openings.
  • the base has a ring made of conductive material, which preferably increases the heat dissipation area.
  • the arrangement of the first and second openings has the advantage that the thermal convection current caused by heating in the switching device is conducted in the switching device through the first openings in a first direction and through the second openings in a second direction opposite the first direction.
  • the base can be made of electrically conductive material, in particular copper or aluminum.
  • the bushing can be made of electrically conductive or non-conductive material. If the bushing is made of electrically conductive material, an electrically non-conductive element is installed between the base and the bushing.
  • the base and the ring can be manufactured in one piece.
  • the present invention also relates to a switching device with such a receiving device.
  • the present invention also relates to a switching device with a vacuum interrupter, a main current path and a housing made of thermally conductive material, in particular aluminum, which is filled with an insulating gas.
  • the switching device has a receiving device according to the invention, the receiving opening being provided for receiving the vacuum interrupter.
  • the first openings are arranged closer to the receiving opening than the second openings and the second openings are arranged closer to an outer wall of the switching device than the first openings, so that the insulating gas heats up during operation of the switching device on the main current path, to the receiving device rises, passes through the first openings and continues to heat up on the receiving device and, after further rising, reaches an inner wall of the housing, cools down there, sinks and returns to the area of the main flow path through the second openings.
  • thermo convection current in the switching device is conveyed by the special arrangement of the first and second openings relative to one another.
  • the convection current is guided close to or through the base, which means that the heat generated at this special hot spot (contact between the base and the vacuum interrupter) is effectively dissipated.
  • the invention enables more compact dimensions and/or higher current ratings for the switchgear compared to solutions in which, for example, copper cross sections are increased or heat transfer surfaces are enlarged in order to dissipate heat.
  • FIG. 1 shows 1 a section of a single-pole encapsulated switchgear with a vertically arranged vacuum interrupter in a schematic representation, in which the heat generated by power loss (indicated by arrow 3) accumulates on the conventional receiving device 1 with a conventional base 2 for receiving the vacuum interrupter 20.
  • Base 2 of receiving device 1 is the fixed electrical contact between main current path 30 and vacuum interrupter 20 and, together with receiving device 1, is the mechanical connection point to housing 40. Since base 2 and housing 40 must be electrically insulated from one another, heat conduction between the base (which in turn forms a hot spot) and the housing severely restricted. The rising heat 3 and the base 2 and the heat conducted there from the vacuum interrupter 20 can only be dissipated with difficulty.
  • FIG. 10 shows an improved receiving device 10 according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention in perspective view; FIG. 3 in top view.
  • Receiving device 10 has a receiving opening 13 for receiving a vacuum interrupter, which can advantageously be implemented in the form of a base 11.
  • Recording device 10 also has what is known as a passage 12 .
  • Recording device 10 has, as in connection with 1 already explained, on the one hand the task of ensuring reliable electrical contact between a main current path of a switching device and the vacuum interrupter and on the other hand also the task of mechanically accommodating the vacuum interrupter, stabilizing the housing of the switching device and ensuring that the (usually electrically conductive) housing is reliably electrically insulated from the main current path and the live parts of the vacuum interrupter at all times.
  • Shape and dimensions of the receiving device play a far less important role for the present invention; it is only important that the receiving device 10 fulfills the tasks described above.
  • Recording device 10 is preferably formed from a bushing 12 made of non-conductive material and base 11 made of highly conductive material such as copper or aluminum.
  • base 11 made of highly conductive material such as copper or aluminum.
  • Receiving device 10 has at least one first opening 14, which is arranged closer to receiving opening 13 than at least one second opening 15.
  • the at least one second opening 15 is arranged closer to the outer wall or closer to the housing of the switching device than the at least one first opening 14
  • a total of eight first openings 14 are shown, as well as a total of ten second openings 15.
  • the openings have a circular cross section, since this cross section affects the structural integrity or stability of the receiving device 10 as little as possible.
  • the production of such a modified recording device 10 with base 11 is hardly more expensive than the production of a conventional recording device with conventional base, which is why the invention achieves its advantages without significant additional manufacturing effort.
  • the advantages resulting from the present invention increase with the sum of the cross-sectional areas of the first openings 14 and the sum of the cross-sectional areas of the second openings 15 .
  • the openings 14, 15 impair the stability of the receiving device, so that depending on the specific application, an optimum can be determined using conventional calculation and simulation methods from the number and arrangement of the openings 14, 15 and material and material thickness of the receiving device 10 and its components.
  • FIG. 4 shows a single-pole encapsulated switchgear 100 with a vertically arranged vacuum interrupter 20 in a schematic representation.
  • a housing 40 encloses a main current path 30 and vacuum interrupter 20, which is mechanically fixed by a receiving device 10.
  • An insulating gas 50 is preferably located in the housing 40.
  • the receptacle has inner openings 14 and outer openings 15 as in connection with FIG 2 and 3 explained in detail.
  • FIG. 5 shows an enlarged representation of the area around the recording device 10 4 .
  • Main current path 30 heats up due to the power loss caused by the current flow and gives off heat to the insulating gas surrounding the main current path.
  • This heated insulating gas rises to the receiving device 10 (represented schematically by arrow 51) and exits through the first openings 14 in the base 11.
  • the insulating gas continues to heat up on the base 11 and possibly its ring 16 and rises further.
  • the insulating gas heats up on other components or assemblies.
  • the heated insulating gas rises until it reaches an inner wall of the housing 40 where it cools, sinks and returns to the area of the main current path 30 through the second openings 15 .

Landscapes

  • Gas-Insulated Switchgears (AREA)
  • High-Tension Arc-Extinguishing Switches Without Spraying Means (AREA)
  • Thermally Actuated Switches (AREA)

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine verbesserte Aufnahmevorrichtung für Vakuumschaltröhren sowie eine Schaltanlage mit einer derartigen Aufnahmevorrichtung.The present invention relates to an improved holding device for vacuum interrupters and a switchgear with such a holding device.

In gasisolierten Schaltanlagen kommt es während des Betriebes zur Erwärmung der stromführenden Teile, der so genannten Hauptstrombahn. Die Wärmeentwicklung resultiert aus der durch den elektrischen Widerstand der Hauptstrombahn hervorgerufenen Verlustleistung. Dieser elektrische Widerstand setzt sich aus verschiedenen Bestandteilen zusammen: zum einen aus den Leitungswiderständen der stromführenden Teile selbst, bestimmt durch deren Querschnitt, Länge und Leitermaterial; und zum anderen aus den Übergangswiderständen an den Kontaktstellen zwischen verschiedenen Teilen der Hauptstrombahn. Dabei besitzen vor allem nicht feste Kontaktstellen an beweglichen Teilen der Strombahn - z.B. den Kontakten bzw. Kontaktsystemen der Vakuumschaltröhre - hohe Widerstände, die zu hohen lokalen Erwärmungen, den so genannten Hot Spots, führen.In gas-insulated switchgear, the current-carrying parts, the so-called main circuit, heat up during operation. The heat development results from the power loss caused by the electrical resistance of the main current path. This electrical resistance is made up of various components: on the one hand, the line resistance of the current-carrying parts themselves, determined by their cross-section, length, and conductor material; and on the other hand from the transition resistances at the contact points between different parts of the main current path. Above all, non-fixed contact points on moving parts of the current path - e.g. the contacts or contact systems of the vacuum interrupter - have high resistances, which lead to high local heating, the so-called hot spots.

Die Erwärmung ist die begrenzende Größe bei der Auslegung einer Schaltanlage für einen bestimmten Bemessungsstrom, da bestimmte, durch Normen vorgegebene Temperaturen an stromführenden Bauteilen nicht überschritten werden dürfen.Temperature rise is the limiting variable when designing a switchgear for a specific rated current, since certain temperatures specified by standards on live components must not be exceeded.

Um die Erwärmung in der Anlage zu minimieren und einen möglichst hohen Bemessungsstrom zu ermöglichen, ist es daher notwendig, zum einen den Widerstand der Hauptstrombahn so gering wie möglich zu halten und zum anderen die Wärmeabfuhr durch die drei Arten des Wärmetransportes - Wärmestrahlung, Konvektion und Wärmeleitung - zu maximieren.In order to minimize heating in the system and to enable the highest possible rated current, it is therefore necessary on the one hand to keep the resistance of the main current path as low as possible and on the other hand the heat dissipation through the three types of heat transport - thermal radiation, convection and thermal conduction - to maximize.

Die Vakuumschaltröhre als zentraler Bestandteil moderner Schaltanlagen verursacht durch ihren Widerstand einen merklichen Anteil der Gesamtverlustleistung. Hierbei wird die Verlustleistung maßgeblich über den beweglichen als auch den Festkontakt abgeführt und es kommt in diesen Bereichen unvermeidbar zur Ausbildung von Hot Spots.The vacuum interrupter as a central component of modern switchgear causes a significant proportion of the total power loss due to its resistance. Here, the power loss dissipated to a large extent via the movable as well as the fixed contact and hot spots are unavoidably formed in these areas.

Bei einer einpolig gekapselten Schaltanlage mit vertikal angeordneter Vakuumschaltröhre - wie in Fig. 1 im Ausschnitt dargestellt - staut sich die durch Verlustleistung erzeugte Wärme (angedeutet durch Pfeil 3), da die Aufnahmevorrichtung 1 mit Sockel 2 zur Aufnahme der Vakuumschaltröhre 20 gleichzeitig elektrischer Festkontakt und mechanischer Anbindungspunkt zum Gehäuse 40 ist, der elektrisch isoliert sein muss. Aus diesem Grund kann vom Sockel 2 und der Aufnahmevorrichtung 1 nur limitiert Wärme mittels Wärmeleitung in Richtung Gehäuse 40 abgeführt werden, was das Anlagenrating begrenzt.In a single-pole encapsulated switchgear with vertically arranged vacuum interrupters - as in 1 shown in detail - the heat generated by power loss accumulates (indicated by arrow 3), since the receiving device 1 with base 2 for receiving the vacuum interrupter 20 is at the same time a fixed electrical contact and mechanical connection point to the housing 40, which must be electrically insulated. For this reason, only a limited amount of heat can be dissipated from the base 2 and the receiving device 1 by means of heat conduction in the direction of the housing 40, which limits the system rating.

Aus der DE 198 50 206 A1 ist eine Schaltanlage bekannt, bei der die Vakuumschaltröhre zwischen zwei Kontaktanschlussstücken angeordnet ist, die jeweils einen oberen und einen unteren Kühlkörper bilden. Dabei ist der untere Kühlkörper im Umfangsbereich der mit mittensymmetrisch angeordneten Lufteintrittsöffnungen versehen.From the DE 198 50 206 A1 a switchgear is known in which the vacuum interrupter is arranged between two contact fittings, each forming an upper and a lower heat sink. The lower heat sink is provided with centrally symmetrically arranged air inlet openings in the peripheral area.

Aus der EP 0 545 508 A1 ist eine metallgekapselte gasisolierte Schaltanlage bekannt, die einen Tragisolator aufweist, der mit Durchtrittsöffnungen für das Isoliergas versehen ist und einen Kanal aufweist, der nahe einem Anschlusskörper für die Strombahn beginnt und der nach etwa rechtwinkliger Umlenkung im Gehäuse mündet. Dieser Kanal ist bei Störlichtbögen wirksam und begünstigt eine Löschung des Störlichtbogens oder seine Überführung in das Gehäuse.From the EP 0 545 508 A1 a metal-encapsulated gas-insulated switchgear is known which has a support insulator which is provided with passage openings for the insulating gas and has a channel which begins near a connection body for the current path and which, after approximately a right-angled deflection, ends in the housing. This channel is effective in the event of an arc fault and favors the arc fault being extinguished or its transfer into the housing.

Es ist eine Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, eine verbesserte Aufnahmevorrichtung für Vakuumschaltröhren anzugeben.It is an object of the present invention to provide an improved holding device for vacuum interrupters.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß gelöst durch eine Aufnahmevorrichtung eines Schaltgeräts, die einen Sockel mit einer Aufnahmeöffnung zur Aufnahme einer Vakuumschaltröhre sowie einer oder mehreren ersten Öffnungen aufweist, wobei der Sockel auf einer Durchführung mit einer oder mehreren zweiten Öffnungen montiert ist. Die ersten Öffnungen sind dabei näher an der Aufnahmeöffnung angeordnet als die zweiten Öffnungen und die zweiten Öffnungen sind näher an einer Außenwand des Schaltgeräts angeordnet als die ersten Öffnungen. Zur Verbesserung der Wärmeableitung weist der Sockel einen Ring aus leitfähigem Material auf, durch welchen vorzugsweise die Wärmeableitfläche vergrößert wird.This object is achieved by a receiving device of a switching device that has a base with a receiving opening for receiving a vacuum interrupter and one or more first openings, the base being mounted on a bushing having one or more second openings. The first openings are arranged closer to the receiving opening than the second openings and the second openings are arranged closer to an outer wall of the switching device than the first openings. To improve heat dissipation, the base has a ring made of conductive material, which preferably increases the heat dissipation area.

Die Anordnung der ersten und zweiten Öffnungen hat den Vorteil, dass der durch Erwärmung im Schaltgerät hervorgerufene thermische Konvektionsstrom im Schaltgerät durch die ersten Öffnungen in einer ersten Richtung und durch die zweiten Öffnungen in einer der ersten Richtung entgegengesetzten zweiten Richtung geleitet wird.The arrangement of the first and second openings has the advantage that the thermal convection current caused by heating in the switching device is conducted in the switching device through the first openings in a first direction and through the second openings in a second direction opposite the first direction.

Dabei kann der Sockel aus elektrisch leitfähigem Material, insbesondere Kupfer oder Aluminium, gefertigt sein.In this case, the base can be made of electrically conductive material, in particular copper or aluminum.

Die Durchführung kann aus elektrisch leitendem oder nicht leitendem Material gefertigt sein. Falls die Durchführung aus elektrisch leitfähigem Material besteht, wird zwischen Sockel und Durchführung ein elektrisch nicht leitendes Element montiert.The bushing can be made of electrically conductive or non-conductive material. If the bushing is made of electrically conductive material, an electrically non-conductive element is installed between the base and the bushing.

In einer Ausgestaltung können Sockel und Ring einstückig gefertigt sein.In one embodiment, the base and the ring can be manufactured in one piece.

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ferner ein Schaltgerät mit einer derartigen Aufnahmevorrichtung.The present invention also relates to a switching device with such a receiving device.

Die vorliegende Erfindung betriff ferner ein Schaltgerät mit einer Vakuumschaltröhre, einer Hauptstrombahn und einem Gehäuse aus thermisch leitfähigem Material, insbesondere Aluminium, auf, das mit einem Isoliergas gefüllt ist. Außerdem weist das Schaltgerät eine Aufnahmevorrichtung gemäß der Erfindung, wobei die Aufnahmeöffnung zur Aufnahme der Vakuumschaltröhre vorgesehen ist.The present invention also relates to a switching device with a vacuum interrupter, a main current path and a housing made of thermally conductive material, in particular aluminum, which is filled with an insulating gas. In addition, the switching device has a receiving device according to the invention, the receiving opening being provided for receiving the vacuum interrupter.

Gemäß der Erfindung sind die ersten Öffnungen dabei näher an der Aufnahmeöffnung angeordnet als die zweiten Öffnungen und die zweiten Öffnungen sind näher an einer Außenwand des Schaltgeräts angeordnet als die ersten Öffnungen, so dass sich das Isoliergas im Betrieb des Schaltgeräts an der Hauptstrombahn erwärmt, zur Aufnahmevorrichtung aufsteigt, durch die ersten Öffnungen tritt und sich an der Aufnahmevorrichtung weiter erwärmt und nach weiterem Aufsteigen an eine innere Wandung des Gehäuses gelangt, sich dort abkühlt, absinkt und durch die zweiten Öffnungen wieder in den Bereich der Hauptstrombahn gelangt.According to the invention, the first openings are arranged closer to the receiving opening than the second openings and the second openings are arranged closer to an outer wall of the switching device than the first openings, so that the insulating gas heats up during operation of the switching device on the main current path, to the receiving device rises, passes through the first openings and continues to heat up on the receiving device and, after further rising, reaches an inner wall of the housing, cools down there, sinks and returns to the area of the main flow path through the second openings.

Ein wichtiger Vorteil der vorliegenden Erfindung ist darin zu sehen, dass durch die besondere Anordnung der ersten und zweiten Öffnungen relativ zueinander der thermische Konvektionsstrom im Schaltgerät befördert wird. Insbesondere wird der Konvektionsstrom nahe beim bzw. durch den Sockel geführt, wodurch die an diesem speziellen Hot Spot (Kontaktierung zwischen Sockel und Vakuumschaltröhre) entstehende Wärme effektiv abgeführt wird. Durch die Erfindung werden kompaktere Abmessungen und/oder höhere Strom-Ratings der Schaltanlage ermöglicht gegenüber Lösungen, bei denen beispielsweise Kupferquerschnitte erhöht oder Wärmetransferflächen vergrößert werden, um Wärme abzuleiten.An important advantage of the present invention can be seen in the fact that the thermal convection current in the switching device is conveyed by the special arrangement of the first and second openings relative to one another. In particular, the convection current is guided close to or through the base, which means that the heat generated at this special hot spot (contact between the base and the vacuum interrupter) is effectively dissipated. The invention enables more compact dimensions and/or higher current ratings for the switchgear compared to solutions in which, for example, copper cross sections are increased or heat transfer surfaces are enlarged in order to dissipate heat.

Im Folgenden werden Ausführungsbeispiele der vorliegenden Erfindung anhand von Figuren näher erläutert.

  • Fig. 1 zeigt ein Detail einer einpolig gekapselten Schaltanlage mit vertikal angeordneter Vakuumschaltröhre in schematischer Darstellung;
  • Fig. 2 zeigt eine Aufnahmevorrichtung gemäß eines bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiels der vorliegenden Erfindung in perspektivischer Darstellung;
  • Fig. 3 zeigt eine Aufnahmevorrichtung gemäß eines bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiels der vorliegenden Erfindung in Draufsicht;
  • Fig. 4 zeigt eine Schaltanlage gemäß eines bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiels der vorliegenden Erfindung; und
  • Fig. 5 zeigt den thermischen Konvektionsstrom im Bereich einer Aufnahmevorrichtung gemäß eines bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiels der vorliegenden Erfindung.
Exemplary embodiments of the present invention are explained in more detail below with reference to figures.
  • 1 shows a detail of a single-pole encapsulated switchgear with a vertically arranged vacuum interrupter in a schematic representation;
  • 2 shows a receiving device according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention in a perspective view;
  • 3 shows a recording device according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention in plan view;
  • 4 shows a switchgear according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; and
  • figure 5 shows the thermal convection flow in the area of a recording device according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Wie bereits erläutert zeigt Fig. 1 einen Ausschnitt einer einpolig gekapselten Schaltanlage mit vertikal angeordneter Vakuumschaltröhre in schematischer Darstellung, bei der sich die durch Verlustleistung erzeugte Wärme (angedeutet durch Pfeil 3) an der herkömmlichen Aufnahmevorrichtung 1 mit herkömmlichem Sockel 2 zur Aufnahme der Vakuumschaltröhre 20 staut. Der Sockel 2 der Aufnahmevorrichtung 1 ist der elektrische Festkontakt zwischen Hauptstrombahn 30 und Vakuumschaltröhre 20 und gemeinsam mit Aufnahmevorrichtung 1 der mechanische Anbindungspunkt zum Gehäuse 40. Da Sockel 2 und Gehäuse 40 elektrisch voneinander isoliert sein müssen, ist auch die Wärmeleitung zwischen dem Sockel (der seinerseits einen Hot Spot bildet) und dem Gehäuse stark eingeschränkt. Die aufsteigende Wärme 3 und die Sockel 2 entstehende bzw. aus der Vakuumschaltröhre 20 dorthin geleitete Wärme können nur schlecht abgeführt werden.As already explained shows 1 a section of a single-pole encapsulated switchgear with a vertically arranged vacuum interrupter in a schematic representation, in which the heat generated by power loss (indicated by arrow 3) accumulates on the conventional receiving device 1 with a conventional base 2 for receiving the vacuum interrupter 20. Base 2 of receiving device 1 is the fixed electrical contact between main current path 30 and vacuum interrupter 20 and, together with receiving device 1, is the mechanical connection point to housing 40. Since base 2 and housing 40 must be electrically insulated from one another, heat conduction between the base (which in turn forms a hot spot) and the housing severely restricted. The rising heat 3 and the base 2 and the heat conducted there from the vacuum interrupter 20 can only be dissipated with difficulty.

Fig. 2 zeigt eine verbesserte Aufnahmevorrichtung 10 gemäß eines bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiels der vorliegenden Erfindung in perspektivischer Darstellung; Fig. 3 in Draufsicht. Aufnahmevorrichtung 10 weist eine Aufnahmeöffnung 13 zur Aufnahme einer Vakuumschaltröhre auf, die vorteilhafterweise in Form eines Sockels 11 realisiert werden kann. Aufnahmevorrichtung 10 weist ferner eine sogenannte Durchführung 12 auf. 2 FIG. 10 shows an improved receiving device 10 according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention in perspective view; FIG. 3 in top view. Receiving device 10 has a receiving opening 13 for receiving a vacuum interrupter, which can advantageously be implemented in the form of a base 11. Recording device 10 also has what is known as a passage 12 .

Aufnahmevorrichtung 10 hat, wie im Zusammenhang mit Fig. 1 bereits erläutert, einerseits die Aufgabe, eine zuverlässige elektrische Kontaktierung zwischen einer Hauptstrombahn eines Schaltgeräts und der Vakuumschaltröhre zu gewährleisten und andererseits auch die Aufgabe, die Vakuumschaltröhre mechanisch aufzunehmen, das Gehäuse des Schaltgeräts zu stabilisieren und sicherzustellen, dass das (in der Regel elektrisch leitende) Gehäuse zu jeder Zeit zuverlässig elektrisch von der Hauptstrombahn und den spannungsführenden Teilen der Vakuumschaltröhre isoliert ist. Form und Dimensionen der Aufnahmevorrichtung spielen für die vorliegende Erfindung eine weit untergeordnete Rolle; wichtig ist lediglich, dass die Aufnahmevorrichtung 10 die vorstehend beschriebenen Aufgaben erfüllt.Recording device 10 has, as in connection with 1 already explained, on the one hand the task of ensuring reliable electrical contact between a main current path of a switching device and the vacuum interrupter and on the other hand also the task of mechanically accommodating the vacuum interrupter, stabilizing the housing of the switching device and ensuring that the (usually electrically conductive) housing is reliably electrically insulated from the main current path and the live parts of the vacuum interrupter at all times. Shape and dimensions of the receiving device play a far less important role for the present invention; it is only important that the receiving device 10 fulfills the tasks described above.

Aufnahmevorrichtung 10 wird vorzugsweise gebildet aus einer Durchführung 12 aus nichtleitendem Material und Sockel 11 aus gut leitfähigem Material wie beispielsweise Kupfer oder Aluminium. Alternativ ist es möglich, auch die Durchführung 12 aus leitfähigem Material zu fertigen, allerdings muss dann an anderer Stelle (z.B. zwischen Sockel 11 und Durchführung 12) für eine hinreichende elektrische Isolation gesorgt werden.Recording device 10 is preferably formed from a bushing 12 made of non-conductive material and base 11 made of highly conductive material such as copper or aluminum. As an alternative, it is also possible to manufacture the bushing 12 from conductive material, although sufficient electrical insulation must then be ensured at a different location (e.g. between the base 11 and the bushing 12).

Aufnahmevorrichtung 10 weist mindestens eine erste Öffnung 14 auf, die näher an der Aufnahmeöffnung 13 angeordnet ist als mindestens eine zweite Öffnung 15. Die mindestens eine zweite Öffnung 15 ist näher an der Außenwand bzw. näher am Gehäuse des Schaltgeräts angeordnet als die mindestens eine erste Öffnung 14.Receiving device 10 has at least one first opening 14, which is arranged closer to receiving opening 13 than at least one second opening 15. The at least one second opening 15 is arranged closer to the outer wall or closer to the housing of the switching device than the at least one first opening 14

Im Beispiel der Fig. 2 sind insgesamt acht erste Öffnungen 14 dargestellt sowie insgesamt zehn zweite Öffnungen 15. Die Öffnungen haben dabei einen kreisförmigen Querschnitt, da durch diesen Querschnitt die strukturelle Integrität bzw. die Stabilität der Aufnahmevorrichtung 10 geringstmöglich beeinträchtigt wird. Die Fertigung einer derart modifizierten Aufnahmevorrichtung 10 mit Sockel 11 ist kaum aufwendiger als die Fertigung einer herkömmlichen Aufnahmevorrichtung mit herkömmlichem Sockel, weshalb die Erfindung ihre Vorteile ohne nennenswerten zusätzlichen Fertigungsaufwand erreicht.In the example of 2 A total of eight first openings 14 are shown, as well as a total of ten second openings 15. The openings have a circular cross section, since this cross section affects the structural integrity or stability of the receiving device 10 as little as possible. The production of such a modified recording device 10 with base 11 is hardly more expensive than the production of a conventional recording device with conventional base, which is why the invention achieves its advantages without significant additional manufacturing effort.

Aufgrund der verbesserten Wärmeableitung am Sockel 11 ist es sogar möglich, den Sockel kompakter herzustellen, ohne dass die maximal zulässige Sockeltemperatur im Betrieb überschritten wird. Gleichzeitig wird durch die Öffnungen weniger hochwertiges Material verbraucht, so dass ein gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung ausgebildeter Sockel einer Aufnahmevorrichtung kostengünstiger hergestellt werden kann als ein herkömmlicher Sockel. Durch einen kompakteren Sockel reduzieren sich auch die äußeren Abmessungen der Schaltanlage.Because of the improved heat dissipation at the base 11, it is even possible to make the base more compact without exceeding the maximum permissible base temperature during operation. At the same time, less high-quality material is consumed through the openings, so that a base of a receiving device designed according to the present invention can be produced more cost-effectively than a conventional base. A more compact base also reduces the external dimensions of the switchgear.

Grundsätzlich gilt, dass die sich aus der vorliegenden Erfindung ergebenden Vorteile mit der Summe der Querschnittsflächen der ersten Öffnungen 14 und der Summe der Querschnittsflächen der zweiten Öffnungen 15 wachsen. Allerdings beeinträchtigen die Öffnungen 14, 15 die Stabilität der Aufnahmevorrichtung, so dass sich abhängig vom konkreten Anwendungsfall ein mit herkömmlichen Berechnungs- und Simulationsverfahren ermittelbares Optimum aus Anzahl und Anordnung der Öffnungen 14, 15 und Material und Materialstärke der Aufnahmevorrichtung 10 und ihrer Komponenten ergibt.In principle, the advantages resulting from the present invention increase with the sum of the cross-sectional areas of the first openings 14 and the sum of the cross-sectional areas of the second openings 15 . However, the openings 14, 15 impair the stability of the receiving device, so that depending on the specific application, an optimum can be determined using conventional calculation and simulation methods from the number and arrangement of the openings 14, 15 and material and material thickness of the receiving device 10 and its components.

Fig. 4 zeigt eine einpolig gekapselte Schaltanlage 100 mit vertikal angeordneter Vakuumschaltröhre 20 in schematischer Darstellung. Ein Gehäuse 40 umschließt eine Hauptstrombahn 30 und Vakuumschaltröhre 20, die von einer Aufnahmevorrichtung 10 mechanisch fixiert wird. Im Gehäuse 40 befindet sich vorzugsweise ein Isoliergas 50. Die weiteren Komponenten der Schaltanlage sowie ihre Funktion und Anordnung entsprechen dem vielfältigen, dem Fachmann wohlbekannten Stand der Technik und werden im Sinne einer knappen und zweckmäßigen Darstellung hier nicht näher erläutert. 4 shows a single-pole encapsulated switchgear 100 with a vertically arranged vacuum interrupter 20 in a schematic representation. A housing 40 encloses a main current path 30 and vacuum interrupter 20, which is mechanically fixed by a receiving device 10. An insulating gas 50 is preferably located in the housing 40. The other components of the switchgear and their function and arrangement correspond to the various prior art well known to the person skilled in the art and are not explained in more detail here in the interests of a concise and expedient illustration.

Die Aufnahmevorrichtung weist innere Öffnungen 14 und äußere Öffnungen 15 auf, wie im Zusammenhang mit Fig. 2 und 3 im Detail erläutert. Im Betrieb der Schaltanlage 100 erwärmen sich die stromführenden Teile und geben Wärme an das Isoliergas ab, woraufhin sich im Gehäuse ein thermischer Konvektionsstrom bildet.The receptacle has inner openings 14 and outer openings 15 as in connection with FIG 2 and 3 explained in detail. During operation of the switchgear 100 heat up the live parts and give off heat to the insulating gas, whereupon a thermal convection current forms in the housing.

Dieser thermische Konvektionsstrom wird im Folgenden anhand Fig. 5 näher erläutert. Fig. 5 zeigt eine vergrößerte Darstellung des Bereichs um die Aufnahmevorrichtung 10 aus Fig. 4. Hauptstrombahn 30 erwärmt sich aufgrund der durch den Stromfluss hervorgerufenen Verlustleistung und gibt Wärme an das die Hauptstrombahn umgebende Isoliergas ab. Dieses erwärmte Isoliergas steigt zur Aufnahmevorrichtung 10 auf (schematisch dargestellt durch Pfeil 51) und tritt durch die ersten Öffnungen 14 im Sockel 11. Das Isoliergas erwärmt sich am Sockel 11 und ggf. dessen Ring 16 weiter und steigt weiter auf. Je nach Ausgestaltung der Schaltanlage 100 erwärmt sich das Isoliergas an weiteren Bauteilen oder Baugruppen. Das erwärmte Isoliergas steigt solange auf, bis es an eine innere Wandung des Gehäuses 40 gelangt, sich dort abkühlt, absinkt und durch die zweiten Öffnungen 15 wieder in den Bereich der Hauptstrombahn 30 gelangt.This thermal convection current is used below figure 5 explained in more detail. figure 5 shows an enlarged representation of the area around the recording device 10 4 . Main current path 30 heats up due to the power loss caused by the current flow and gives off heat to the insulating gas surrounding the main current path. This heated insulating gas rises to the receiving device 10 (represented schematically by arrow 51) and exits through the first openings 14 in the base 11. The insulating gas continues to heat up on the base 11 and possibly its ring 16 and rises further. Depending on the design of the switchgear 100, the insulating gas heats up on other components or assemblies. The heated insulating gas rises until it reaches an inner wall of the housing 40 where it cools, sinks and returns to the area of the main current path 30 through the second openings 15 .

Die vorstehende Beschreibung stellt nur die bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung dar und soll nicht als Definition der Grenzen und des Bereiches der Erfindung dienen. Insbesondere sind von einer vertikalen Anordnung abweichende Anordnungen denkbar, bei denen erfindungsgemäße Aufnahmevorrichtungen eingesetzt werden können.The foregoing description represents only the preferred embodiments of the invention and is not intended as a definition of the limits and scope of the invention. In particular, arrangements deviating from a vertical arrangement are conceivable, in which recording devices according to the invention can be used.

Claims (7)

  1. Holding apparatus (10) of a switching device (100), having a base (11), which has a holding opening (13) for holding a vacuum interrupter (20) and one or more first openings (14) and is fitted on a bushing (12) with one or more second openings (15), wherein the first openings (14) are arranged closer to the holding opening (13) than the second openings (15) and wherein the second openings (15) are arranged closer to an outer wall of the switching device than the first openings (14), characterized in that the base (11) has a ring (16) composed of conductive material for the purpose of improving the dissipation of heat.
  2. Holding apparatus (10) according to Claim 1, in which the base (11) and the ring (16) are produced in one piece.
  3. Holding apparatus (10) according to either of Claims 1 and 2, the base (11) of which is produced from electrically conductive material, in particular copper or aluminium.
  4. Holding apparatus (10) according to one of Claims 1 to 3, the bushing (12) of which is produced from electrically non-conductive material.
  5. Holding apparatus (10) according to one of Claims 1 to 3, the bushing (12) of which consists of electrically conductive material, wherein an electrically non-conductive element is fitted between the base (11) and the bushing (12).
  6. Switching device (100) comprising a holding apparatus (10) according to one of the preceding claims.
  7. Switching device (100), which has the following:
    - a vacuum interrupter (20);
    - a main current path (30);
    - a housing (40) composed of thermally conductive material, which housing is filled with an insulating gas (50), and
    - a holding apparatus (10) according to one of Claims 1 to 5, wherein the holding opening (13) is provided for holding the vacuum interrupter (20), so that the insulating gas, during operation of the switching device, heats up at the main current path (30), rises to the holding apparatus (10), passes through the first openings (14) and further heats up at the holding apparatus and, after rising further, reaches an inner wall of the housing (40), cools down there, drops and again enters the region of the main current path (30) through the second openings (15).
EP18716923.0A 2017-04-18 2018-03-23 Holding device for vacuum interrupters Active EP3593373B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102017206518.4A DE102017206518A1 (en) 2017-04-18 2017-04-18 Receiving device for vacuum interrupters
PCT/EP2018/057466 WO2018192741A1 (en) 2017-04-18 2018-03-23 Holding device for vacuum interrupters

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3593373A1 EP3593373A1 (en) 2020-01-15
EP3593373B1 true EP3593373B1 (en) 2022-08-24

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP18716923.0A Active EP3593373B1 (en) 2017-04-18 2018-03-23 Holding device for vacuum interrupters

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EP (1) EP3593373B1 (en)
DE (1) DE102017206518A1 (en)
ES (1) ES2926450T3 (en)
WO (1) WO2018192741A1 (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102017207973B4 (en) 2017-05-11 2021-11-11 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Switchgear arrangement

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4140776A1 (en) * 1991-12-06 1993-06-09 Siemens Ag, 8000 Muenchen, De METAL-ENCLOSED GAS-INSULATED SWITCHGEAR WITH A CABLE CONNECTION HOUSING
DE19850206A1 (en) * 1998-10-23 2000-04-27 Siemens Ag Switch and control-gear especially with vacuum contactors
DE10207892B4 (en) * 2002-02-20 2004-02-05 Siemens Ag Vacuum interrupter with a switch contact piece

Also Published As

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DE102017206518A1 (en) 2018-10-18
ES2926450T3 (en) 2022-10-26
EP3593373A1 (en) 2020-01-15
WO2018192741A1 (en) 2018-10-25

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