Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
  • F16C11/00—Pivots; Pivotal connections
  • F16C11/04—Pivotal connections
  • F16C11/06—Ball-joints; Other joints having more than one degree of angular freedom, i.e. universal joints
  • F16C11/0685—Manufacture of ball-joints and parts thereof, e.g. assembly of ball-joints
  • F16C11/069—Manufacture of ball-joints and parts thereof, e.g. assembly of ball-joints with at least one separate part to retain the ball member in the socket; Quick-release systems
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
  • F16C11/00—Pivots; Pivotal connections
  • F16C11/04—Pivotal connections
  • F16C11/06—Ball-joints; Other joints having more than one degree of angular freedom, i.e. universal joints
  • F16C11/0619—Ball-joints; Other joints having more than one degree of angular freedom, i.e. universal joints the female part comprising a blind socket receiving the male part
  • F16C11/0623—Construction or details of the socket member
  • F16C11/0628—Construction or details of the socket member with linings
  • F16C11/0633—Construction or details of the socket member with linings the linings being made of plastics
  • F16C11/0638—Construction or details of the socket member with linings the linings being made of plastics characterised by geometrical details
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
  • F16C11/00—Pivots; Pivotal connections
  • F16C11/04—Pivotal connections
  • F16C11/06—Ball-joints; Other joints having more than one degree of angular freedom, i.e. universal joints
  • F16C11/0619—Ball-joints; Other joints having more than one degree of angular freedom, i.e. universal joints the female part comprising a blind socket receiving the male part
  • F16C11/0623—Construction or details of the socket member
  • F16C11/0628—Construction or details of the socket member with linings
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
  • F16C2229/00—Setting preload
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
  • F16C2326/00—Articles relating to transporting
  • F16C2326/01—Parts of vehicles in general
  • F16C2326/05—Vehicle suspensions, e.g. bearings, pivots or connecting rods used therein

Definitions

• the invention relates to a ball joint with a housing comprising a housing opening, which is associated with a extending in an axial direction and through the housing opening extending central axis, a ball joint comprising a ball pivot, which is movably mounted with its ball joint in the housing and from this extending through the housing opening, and a fixedly in the housing, surrounding the central axis and the joint ball in the axial direction supporting the locking ring which defines a Ver gleichringö réelle through which the ball pin extends through.
• Such a ball joint is used for example in the chassis of a motor vehicle and is e.g. known from DE 10 2015 211 005 A1.
• the locking ring For axial support of the joint ball, the locking ring covers the joint ball and / or a ball socket receiving the ball joint in the axial direction.
• This overlap is the smaller, the greater the desired deflection of the ball pin relative to the housing, so that a greater deflectability associated with a lower ability for axial support of the ball joint with an otherwise unchanged ball joint.
• the reduction of the overlap thus reduces the load capacity of the ball joint in the axial direction.
• the ball joint is often built larger. Due to the limited space in motor vehicles, a larger joint is undesirable. Furthermore, a larger joint increases the weight of the motor vehicle and thus the fuel consumption. Finally, the enlargement of the joint, more expensive because of the increased use of materials, the cost of the joint.
• the present invention seeks to increase the axial load capacity of a ball joint of the aforementioned without significant enlargement of the joint can.
• This object is achieved by a ball joint according to claim 1.
• Preferred developments of this ball joint are given in the subclaims and in the following description.
• the aforementioned ball joint with a housing opening comprising a housing, which is associated with a extending in an axial direction and through the housing opening extending central axis, a ball joint comprising a ball pivot, which is movably mounted with its ball joint in the housing and from this by extends the housing opening therethrough, and a tightly in the housing, surrounding the central axis and the joint ball in the axial direction supporting locking ring defining a closure ring opening through which the ball pin extends therethrough, in particular further developed that the closure ring opening in a transverse to the central axis extending longitudinal direction is formed larger than in a direction transverse to the central axis and the longitudinal direction transverse direction.
• the increased axial overlap in the transverse direction leads in particular to an additional surface portion which is available for axial support, so that the surface pressure can be reduced in the axial direction. This leads advantageously to a reduction of wear.
• the additional surface portion is particularly advantageous for the measurement of spring stiffness after wear tests and may also be referred to as an additional adjuster.
• the central axis preferably passes through the center of the joint ball.
• One or any direction transverse to the central axis and / or the axial direction is referred to in particular as a radial direction.
• the housing preferably comprises a housing interior.
• the ball pin is movably mounted with its ball joint in the housing interior.
• the interior of the housing advantageously transitions into the housing opening, in particular in the axial direction.
• the lock ring sits e.g. in the housing opening and / or in the housing interior.
• the closure ring is seated in a region of the housing interior facing the housing opening.
• the locking ring in particular in the axial direction, is seated between the joint ball and the housing opening.
• the locking ring is seated, in particular in the axial direction, between the joint ball and an inner shoulder of the housing, which is provided in particular in the region of the housing opening.
• the locking ring is supported in the axial direction on the inner shoulder.
• the locking ring preferably with its end facing away from the ball joint, in particular in the axial direction, on the inner shoulder.
• the inner shoulder is preferably annular.
• the closure ring preferably covers the joint ball in the axial direction.
• the closure ring opening for example in a plane transverse to the central axis ring plane, oval and / or elliptical and / or formed as a slot.
• the projection of the closure ring opening is formed on a transverse to the central axis projection plane oval and / or elliptical and / or slot-shaped.
• the central axis extends centrally through the housing opening and / or the lock ring opening.
• the housing opening is preferably larger than the closure ring opening.
• the closure ring opening and the housing opening are preferably successively and / or successively in the axial direction intended.
• the closure ring opening lies in the axial direction between the joint ball and the housing opening.
• the housing comprises a housing edge defining the housing opening, which is preferably bent inwards and / or preferably engages over the locking ring in the axial direction.
• the locking ring is fixed in the axial direction in particular form-fitting manner in the housing.
• the bending of the housing edge is preferably carried out by pressure-loaded rollers and is therefore also referred to as rolling.
• the inner shoulder is formed in particular by the inwardly bent edge of the housing.
• the end face of the closure ring facing away from the joint ball lies in a front side plane extending transversely to the central axis, which is for example also referred to as the outer end side plane.
• the outer peripheral surface of the closure ring in particular with respect to the central axis, is rotationally symmetrical and / or circular and / or circular cylindrical. This preferably applies over the entire axial extent of the closure ring.
• the housing opening and / or the housing interior and / or the region of the interior of the housing facing the housing opening is or are preferred, in particular with respect to the center axis, rotationally symmetrical and / or circular and / or circular cylindrical.
• the outer peripheral surface of the lock ring is preferably abutted on an inner circumferential surface of the housing.
• This inner peripheral surface of the housing is advantageous, in particular with respect to the central axis, rotationally symmetrical and / or circular and / or circular cylindrical.
• this inner peripheral surface of the housing in the housing opening and / or in the housing interior and / or in provided the housing opening facing the region of the housing interior.
• the joint ball is mounted in the housing with the interposition of a spherical shell, in particular movable.
• the ball joint in particular slidably seated in the ball socket.
• the ball socket is advantageously arranged in the housing interior.
• the ball pin is preferably articulated with its ball joint in the housing and / or in the ball shell.
• the ball pin with its ball joint is rotatably and / or deflectably mounted in the housing and / or in the ball shell.
• the ball socket made of plastic, in particular of a thermoplastic material.
• the plastic is, for example, free of fibers.
• the plastic is e.g. mixed with fibers and / or reinforced, for example, comprise glass fibers.
• the spherical shell in particular with respect to the central axis, rotationally symmetrical.
• the ball socket in particular on its side facing the housing opening, comprises a spherical shell opening, through which the ball pin, in particular out of the ball socket, extends.
• the spherical shell comprises a spherical shell opening surrounding and / or limiting overlapping region, which covers the joint ball in the axial direction.
• the overlap region is inclined inwardly in the direction of the housing opening with respect to the central axis.
• the overlapping area is or is covered in the axial direction by the locking ring.
• the central axis extends, in particular centrally, through the spherical shell opening.
• the locking ring in particular in the axial direction, is seated between the ball socket and the housing opening.
• the locking ring in particular in the axial direction, is seated between the ball socket and the inner shoulder of the housing.
• the spherical shell is supported in the axial direction on the locking ring.
• the spherical shell preferably in or with its coverage area, in particular in the axial direction, on the locking ring.
• the overlap area together with the or an inner peripheral surface of the housing defines an annular space.
• the annular space is preferably in the axial direction limited by the inner shoulder.
• the annular space is provided in the housing interior.
• the closure ring is arranged in the annular space and / or the closure ring is seated in particular in the annular space.
• the annular space is preferably wedge-shaped in cross-section.
• a side facing the ball socket and / or side of the annular space defined by means of the ball socket may have a straight cross-section.
• the closure ring has a ring region facing away from the joint ball and an annular region facing the joint ball.
• each of the ring areas is annular.
• the annular region facing the joint ball has an inner peripheral surface running around the central axis.
• this inner peripheral surface in particular with respect to the central axis, rotationally symmetrical.
• the annular area facing the joint ball has the or one, in particular with respect to the central axis, rotationally symmetrical inner circumferential surface.
• the inner peripheral surface may be straight or curved in cross-section, in particular curved inwardly or arched corresponding to a curved contour of the spherical shell.
• a transition may be present between the inner peripheral surface of the annular region facing away from the joint ball and the inner circumferential surface of the annular region facing the joint ball.
• the transition can realize an alignment between the rotationally symmetrical inner circumferential surface of the annular region facing the joint ball and the non-rotationally symmetrical inner circumferential surface of the annular region facing away from the joint ball.
• the transition is non-rotationally symmetrical.
• the annular space and / or the closure ring may have a substantially wedge-like or wedge-shaped cross section.
• the annular space and / or the closing ring at least partially have a substantially rectangular cross-section.
• the annular space and / or the closure ring has a rectangular cross-section substantially in a plane in the transverse direction.
• the annular space and / or the closure ring In a longitudinal plane, the annular space and / or the closure ring have a cross section which is wedge-shaped. In this case, this cross section may have a slope which is aligned transversely to the central axis.
• the bevel is formed such that it widens outwardly with increasing distance to the center of the ball joint.
• the locking ring may be formed as a flat ring.
• the height of the closure ring or flat ring is less than the width of the closure ring or flat ring.
• the annular region facing the joint ball has an outer peripheral surface running around the central axis.
• the or an outer circumferential surface of the annular region facing the joint ball in particular with respect to the central axis, rotationally symmetrical and / or circular and / or circular cylindrical.
• the inner circumferential surface of the annular region facing the joint ball tapers with increasing distance to the center of the joint ball.
• the end face of the closure ring facing the joint ball and / or of the ring area facing the joint ball lies in a front side plane extending transversely to the center axis, which is also referred to as inner end side plane, for example.
• the abovementioned measures are advantageous, in particular for themselves and / or in combination, since the locking ring can conventionally press the covering area of the ball socket against the ball joint.
• a specially designed spherical shell and / or a specially designed housing are in particular not required.
• the annular regions of the closure ring are preferably arranged in the axial direction, in particular directly, one behind the other and / or adjacent to one another and / or successively.
• the annular regions of the closure ring merge into one another in the axial direction.
• the annular region facing away from the joint ball has an inner peripheral surface running around the central axis.
• the or an inner circumferential surface of the annular region facing away from the joint ball in the longitudinal direction one larger diameter than in the transverse direction.
• the inner circumferential surface of the ring area facing away from the joint ball for example, in the or a ring plane extending transversely to the central axis, oval and / or elliptical and / or elongated hole-shaped.
• the projection of the inner circumferential surface of the annular region facing away from the ball joint is designed to be oval or elliptical and / or slot-shaped on the projection plane extending transversely to the central axis.
• the annular region facing away from the joint ball and / or its inner circumferential surface preferably defines the closure ring opening and / or the geometry or shape of the closure ring opening and / or the dimensions of the closure ring opening.
• the annular region facing away from the joint ball has an outer peripheral surface running around the central axis.
• the or an outer circumferential surface of the annular region facing away from the joint ball in particular with respect to the central axis, rotationally symmetrical and / or circular and / or circular cylindrical.
• the locking ring is along its circumference e.g. completely closed.
• the locking ring is formed as an open or slotted ring and / or provided with a slot and / or with a parting line.
• the locking ring consists of wire.
• the closure ring forms a one-piece and / or material-homogeneous and / or monolithic body.
• the locking ring is made of metal, in particular of a ferrous material, such as e.g. Stole.
• the overlapping region of the spherical shell in particular around the central axis or the central axis, is circumferential or coaxial with the central axis and is covered by the annular region facing the joint ball in the axial direction.
• a further overlapping of the covering region of the spherical shell in the axial direction preferably takes place in or only in the transverse direction through the annular region facing away from the joint ball and / or is preferably provided in or only in the transverse direction through the annular region facing away from the joint ball.
• the overlap beyond results in an angular range of about ⁇ 60 ° perpendicular to the longitudinal direction.
• the spherical shell and / or the covering area in particular around the central axis, at the ring area facing the joint ball and / or at the inner circumferential surface in the axial direction.
• the spherical shell is also located in the axial direction on the ring area facing away from the joint ball in the longitudinal direction.
• the larger the coverage area in the transverse direction the better.
• the coverage area, which results essentially in the transverse direction may be larger than the coverage area, which results essentially in the longitudinal direction. As a result, larger forces can be absorbed in the transverse direction than in the longitudinal direction.
• the inner surface of the annular region facing away from the joint ball is divided in the transverse direction into two axially superimposed surface regions, of which a first surface region faces the joint ball and a second surface region of the joint ball is remote.
• the inner surface of the first surface area tapers with increasing distance to the center of the joint ball.
• the first surface region forms a continuation and / or extension of the inner circumferential surface of the annular region facing the joint ball.
• the second area is inclined in the axial direction and / or in the direction away from the joint ball direction relative to the central axis to the outside.
• the inner surface of the annular region facing away from the joint ball is inclined outwards in the axial direction and / or in the direction away from the joint ball with respect to the central axis.
• An angular range of the joint and / or the ball stud may be undesirably limited due to a housing edge, in particular a rolling edge.
• the casing edge defining a housing opening can be displaced outwards and / or below a height determined by the closing ring in relation to the closing ring.
• the closure ring preferably in the longitudinal direction and / or in the transverse direction, forms a stop limiting the angular range for the joint and / or the ball stud.
• the locking ring facing away from the joint ball Stage have. In this stage of the lock ring, the housing edge can intervene.
• the housing is preferably made of plastic or metal.
• the housing is made of a ferrous material, such as e.g. Stole.
• the housing in particular with respect to the central axis, rotationally symmetrical or approximately rotationally symmetrical.
• the ball stud is preferably made of metal.
• the ball stud is made of a ferrous material such as e.g. Stole.
• the ball pin is rotationally symmetrical or approximately rotationally symmetrical with respect to a ball pin axis.
• the ball pin axis extends through the center of the ball joint.
• the or a deflection of the Kugelzapfgens relative to the housing and / or with respect to the housing is given or defined in particular by an angle which is or is included between the central axis and the ball pivot axis.
• the ball pin axis In the non-deflected state of the ball pin, the ball pin axis preferably coincides with the central axis.
• the ball joint is provided in particular for a vehicle, which is preferably a motor vehicle.
• the ball joint in the chassis and / or in a suspension and / or in an axle suspension of the or a vehicle is arranged.
• the housing is connected to a first vehicle component, wherein the ball stud is connected to a second vehicle component.
• the vehicle components are connected by the ball joint, preferably articulated.
• one of the components is formed by a wheel carrier or steering knuckle.
• another of the components is preferably formed by a handlebar, which is in particular a suspension arm.
• the handlebar forms a wishbone and / or support arm.
• the ball joint forms a ball joint.
• FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a ball joint according to an embodiment
• FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of the marked in Fig. 1 with A area with a locking ring
• Fig. 4 is a schematic plan view of the locking ring
• Fig. 5 is a schematic plan view of a closure ring according to a modification.
• a ball joint 1 shows a sectional view of a ball joint 1 according to one embodiment, which has a housing 2 with an interior 3 and a housing opening 4, wherein the interior 3 in a region facing the housing opening 4 by a cylindrical inner peripheral surface extending around a central axis 5 6 of the housing 2 is limited.
• the central axis 5 extends in an axial direction z.
• a longitudinal direction x and a transverse direction y are shown, wherein the longitudinal direction x extends transversely to the axial direction z and the transverse direction y extends transversely to the axial direction z and transversely to the longitudinal direction x.
• the transverse direction y extends into the plane of the page.
• a spherical shell 7 which is open toward the housing opening 4 is arranged, which on its side facing the housing opening 4 has a covering area 8 which delimits a spherical shell opening 9 of the ball socket 7.
• the covering area 8 is furthermore inclined inwards in the direction of the housing opening 4 with respect to the center axis 5 and, together with the cylindrical inner peripheral surface 6 of the housing 2, defines an annular space 10.
• the ball socket 7 has a ball pin 12 comprising a joint ball 11 with its housing. steering ball 11 slidably mounted, which extends through the spherical shell opening 9 and the housing opening 4 through out of the housing 2 out.
• the center of the joint ball 11 is marked with the reference symbol M.
• a closure ring 13 is inserted, which is axially fixed between the ball shell 7 and provided in the region of the housing opening 4 inner shoulder 14 of the housing 2, by an inwardly bent housing edge 15 of the housing 2 is formed.
• the locking ring 13 is supported on its side facing away from the housing opening 4 on the spherical shell 7. Furthermore, the locking ring 13 is pressed axially against the ball socket 7 by the inner shoulder 14, so that it is under prestress.
• the locking ring 13 has a cylindrical outer circumferential surface 16, which bears against the cylindrical inner peripheral surface 6 of the housing 2, and a contact surface 17, which bears against the overlapping region 8 of the spherical shell 7 and is inclined inwardly in the direction of the housing opening 4 with respect to the central axis 5.
• the surfaces 16 and 17 form a wedge in cross section, wherein the cylindrical inner peripheral surface 6 of the housing 2 and the overlap region 8 of the ball shell 7 also give the annular space 10 in cross section a wedge-shaped shape.
• the closure ring 13 further has a housing opening 4 facing and in the direction of the housing opening 4 with respect to the central axis 5 outwardly inclined free opening area 18. An enlarged view of the area marked A in FIG. 1 can be seen in FIG. 2.
• the locking ring 13 can be subdivided into a first annular region 19 facing away from the joint ball 11 and into a second annular region 20 facing away from the joint ball 11, the annular regions 19 and 20 being respectively annular and at a transition 21 in the axial direction z merge into each other.
• the transition 21 is given by the transition of the abutment surface 17 into the opening surface 18 according to FIGS. 1 and 2.
• the contact surface 17 forms an inner circumferential surface of the first annular region 19 and is rotationally symmetrical with respect to the central axis 5.
• the encircling around the central axis 5 Inner peripheral surface of the second ring portion 20, however, is formed greater in the longitudinal direction x than in the transverse direction y.
• Figs. 1 and 2 show sectional views of the ball joint in the z-x plane
• Fig. 3 shows the view of Fig. 2 in the y-z plane
• the inner surface of the second annular region 20 is formed by the opening surface 18
• the inner surface of the second annular region 20 is given by two surface regions 22 and 23, of which the surface region 22 as the inner surface region 22 and the surface region 23 is called outer surface area.
• the inner surface region 22 faces the joint ball
• the outer surface region 23 of the joint ball 11 faces away.
• the surface regions 22 and 23 merge into one another in the axial direction z or in a transition 24.
• the surface region 22 forms a continuation and / or extension of the contact surface 17 of the first annular region 19.
• a support region for the joint ball 11 is realized which is larger in the transverse direction y than a support region exclusively according to the contact surface 17 in the longitudinal direction x according to FIG. 2.
• the closure ring opening 25 is greater in the longitudinal direction x than the transverse direction y.
• the inner circumferential line 26 of the closure opening which can be seen in plan view from FIG. Not in a plane, but has in the longitudinal direction x a smaller axial distance to the center M of the ball joint 11 as in the transverse direction y.
• the axial overlap of the ball joint 11 by the locking ring 13 in the transverse direction y is greater than in the longitudinal direction x.
• the deflectability of the ball pin 12 relative to the housing 2 in the longitudinal direction x is greater than in the transverse direction y.
• Fig. 5 shows a schematic plan view of a locking ring 13 according to a modification, wherein the locking ring has a slot 27 and is formed as a slotted or open ring.
• the closure ring according to FIG. 5 is identical to the closure ring according to FIGS. 1 to 4, so that for further description of the closure ring according to FIG. 5 reference will be made to the closure ring according to FIGS.
• the closure ring according to FIG. 5 can replace the closure ring according to FIGS. 1 to 4.
• the slot 27 is oriented at right angles to the longitudinal direction x or in the transverse direction y. In alternative embodiments, the slot 27 may be disposed at any other location, for example, transverse to the longitudinal direction x and / or transverse to the transverse direction y.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Geometry (AREA)
• Pivots And Pivotal Connections (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=61231234

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (7)

Families Citing this family (5)

Family Cites Families (26)

• 2017
  • 2017-03-07 DE DE102017203711.3A patent/DE102017203711A1/de active Pending
• 2018
  • 2018-02-09 JP JP2019536847A patent/JP2020509301A/ja active Pending
  • 2018-02-09 US US16/481,514 patent/US20190390706A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2018-02-09 KR KR1020197028801A patent/KR102452897B1/ko active IP Right Grant
  • 2018-02-09 EP EP18705583.5A patent/EP3592997A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2018-02-09 CN CN201880015723.5A patent/CN110382885A/zh active Pending
  • 2018-02-09 WO PCT/EP2018/053243 patent/WO2018162169A1/de unknown

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