EP3591673B1 - Actionneur électromagnétique - Google Patents

Actionneur électromagnétique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3591673B1
EP3591673B1 EP19000289.9A EP19000289A EP3591673B1 EP 3591673 B1 EP3591673 B1 EP 3591673B1 EP 19000289 A EP19000289 A EP 19000289A EP 3591673 B1 EP3591673 B1 EP 3591673B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
armature
coil
locking element
locking
electromagnetic actuator
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP19000289.9A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3591673A1 (fr
Inventor
Peter Mühle
Thilo Meisel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Isliker Magnete AG
Original Assignee
Isliker Magnete AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Isliker Magnete AG filed Critical Isliker Magnete AG
Publication of EP3591673A1 publication Critical patent/EP3591673A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3591673B1 publication Critical patent/EP3591673B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05B—LOCKS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR; HANDCUFFS
    • E05B47/00—Operating or controlling locks or other fastening devices by electric or magnetic means
    • E05B47/02—Movement of the bolt by electromagnetic means; Adaptation of locks, latches, or parts thereof, for movement of the bolt by electromagnetic means
    • E05B47/026—Movement of the bolt by electromagnetic means; Adaptation of locks, latches, or parts thereof, for movement of the bolt by electromagnetic means the bolt moving rectilinearly
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05B—LOCKS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR; HANDCUFFS
    • E05B47/00—Operating or controlling locks or other fastening devices by electric or magnetic means
    • E05B47/0001—Operating or controlling locks or other fastening devices by electric or magnetic means with electric actuators; Constructional features thereof
    • E05B47/0002—Operating or controlling locks or other fastening devices by electric or magnetic means with electric actuators; Constructional features thereof with electromagnets
    • E05B47/0003—Operating or controlling locks or other fastening devices by electric or magnetic means with electric actuators; Constructional features thereof with electromagnets having a movable core
    • E05B47/0004—Operating or controlling locks or other fastening devices by electric or magnetic means with electric actuators; Constructional features thereof with electromagnets having a movable core said core being linearly movable
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05B—LOCKS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR; HANDCUFFS
    • E05B47/00—Operating or controlling locks or other fastening devices by electric or magnetic means
    • E05B47/06—Controlling mechanically-operated bolts by electro-magnetically-operated detents
    • E05B47/0603—Controlling mechanically-operated bolts by electro-magnetically-operated detents the detent moving rectilinearly
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05B—LOCKS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR; HANDCUFFS
    • E05B47/00—Operating or controlling locks or other fastening devices by electric or magnetic means
    • E05B47/06—Controlling mechanically-operated bolts by electro-magnetically-operated detents
    • E05B47/0611—Cylinder locks with electromagnetic control
    • E05B47/0619—Cylinder locks with electromagnetic control by blocking the rotor
    • E05B47/0626—Cylinder locks with electromagnetic control by blocking the rotor radially
    • E05B47/063—Cylinder locks with electromagnetic control by blocking the rotor radially with a rectilinearly moveable blocking element
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/121—Guiding or setting position of armatures, e.g. retaining armatures in their end position
    • H01F7/122—Guiding or setting position of armatures, e.g. retaining armatures in their end position by permanent magnets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/121—Guiding or setting position of armatures, e.g. retaining armatures in their end position
    • H01F7/124—Guiding or setting position of armatures, e.g. retaining armatures in their end position by mechanical latch, e.g. detent
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/16—Rectilinearly-movable armatures
    • H01F7/1607—Armatures entering the winding
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05B—LOCKS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR; HANDCUFFS
    • E05B47/00—Operating or controlling locks or other fastening devices by electric or magnetic means
    • E05B47/0001—Operating or controlling locks or other fastening devices by electric or magnetic means with electric actuators; Constructional features thereof
    • E05B2047/0014—Constructional features of actuators or power transmissions therefor
    • E05B2047/0015—Output elements of actuators
    • E05B2047/0016—Output elements of actuators with linearly reciprocating motion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/081—Magnetic constructions
    • H01F2007/086—Structural details of the armature

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an electromagnetic actuator for locking applications, for example for safety locks according to the preamble of main claim 1.
  • Actuators are versatile and can be used in a wide variety of areas, for example in control and regulation technology, in robotics or mechatronics or in sorting systems in delivery centers.
  • the present actuator should preferably be used in conjunction with a security lock, as can be found primarily for securing access to living, business and laboratory rooms or detention cells, as well as for theft protection, in particular for weapons or valuables cabinets (bank safes).
  • Electromagnetic actuators and how they work are, for example, from DE-10'2014'224'043 famous. These essentially comprise a coil, an armature that can be displaced between two positions in this coil, a coil housing which at least partially encloses the coil, and a locking means for mechanically fixing the armature in one of its positions, the locking means usually by energizing the coil is unlockable. Actuators of this type differ essentially in their locking means. For example, in the DE-29,903,873 an electromagnetic actuator is described, the armature of which can be fixed in one of its positions with the aid of soft magnetic locking elements that can be moved transversely to the direction of movement of the armature.
  • these locking elements When the coil is energized, these locking elements are penetrated by the generated magnetic field and can thus be moved from a first position into a second position against a spring force in order to lock or unlock the armature in one of these positions.
  • these soft magnetic locking elements wear out quickly, especially when operated with force, and do not allow long-term stable use in a security lock.
  • an electromagnetic actuator with the features of claim 1 and in particular by an electromagnetic actuator with an armature which has at least one locking element, the locking element comprising a permanent magnet fixed therein.
  • This locking element is movably mounted within a locking guide provided in a guide ring and, for locking, engages in a recess provided in the armature of the actuator.
  • This locking element is preferably located radially to the axial direction of the armature.
  • the locking element is arranged inclined to a transverse plane perpendicular to the axial direction of the armature.
  • the recess also has an inclined bottom and / or at least one inclined or stepped flank.
  • a plurality of, in particular three, locking elements can be arranged around the armature in a spoke-like manner. It is advisable to design the recess mentioned in the form of a circumferential groove and the floor, respectively. to design the flanks in a suitable manner so that the mechanical locking on the one hand and the electromagnetic unlocking on the other hand are optimally possible. It goes without saying that the person skilled in the art optimizes not only the shape of the mentioned recess, but also the position of the permanent magnet attached to the locking element relative to the armature and coil of the electromagnetic actuator depending on the requirements and dimensions of the same, i.e. this position is predetermined at least experimentally.
  • the term “radially to the axial direction of the armature” is to be understood as a directional ray emanating in the form of a beam from a point lying on the central movement axis of the armature.
  • This directional beam can either lie in a transverse plane perpendicular to the axial direction or be inclined thereto, in particular lie on a conical surface extending from this point.
  • the term “locking elements distributed in the manner of a spoke” is intended to mean only a uniform distribution of the locking elements around the armature.
  • the armature actuates a bolt, e.g. for the switch position in a sorting system of a delivery service or for a door lock, and for this purpose the armature assumes a first end position, in particular a closed position, when the coil is de-energized and assumes this when energized a second end position, in particular a release position, of the coil.
  • the permanent magnet assumes a position relative to the armature and coil when it is locked, so that when the coil is energized, it is exposed to a magnetic force generated by the stray field of the coil around the locking element to move out of the closed position. This ensures that the lock remains in place even in the event of a power failure.
  • the locking element is essentially non-magnetic, i.e. has a neutral or only slight para- or diamagnetic permeability of ⁇ ⁇ 1 and, depending on the use of the actuator, is made of a material with high strength, in particular with high breaking strength.
  • the armature assumes a first end position when the coil is de-energized and with the help of a spring element, preferably a return spring, in which the locking element engages in a recess in the armature and is also held there with the help of the permanent magnet.
  • a spring element preferably a return spring
  • the locking element engages in a recess in the armature and is also held there with the help of the permanent magnet.
  • this stray field serves to repel the permanent magnet from the armature, ie to push the locking element out of the locking position.
  • the armature is thus released and can move against the restoring force of the spring element into the interior of the coil and into a second end position, ie the release position.
  • This unlocking movement is made possible by an orientation of the permanent magnet that is adapted to the coil winding direction, i.e. the permanent magnet provided on the locking side is used in such a way that its magnetic north pole is directed towards the armature when the magnetic north pole of the generated magnetic field is also on the locking side.
  • the permanent magnet is used in such a way that its magnetic south pole is directed towards the armature.
  • the permanent magnet should be oriented in such a way that it pulls the locking element towards the armature when the coil is de-energized and pushes the locking element off the armature when the coil is energized.
  • the present actuator for a security lock can be integrated directly into any desired flap, door or window frame, but can also be used in other areas, in particular in massive high-security systems or for activating an adjustment element used elsewhere , such as in a sorting system of a delivery center.
  • the electromagnetic actuator 1 shown comprises an electromagnet with a known structure, ie comprises a coil 3 located in a winding support 2, which is surrounded in a known manner by a casing 4 and a yoke piece 5.
  • the jacket body 4 does not need to completely enclose the coil 3, but can, for example, be designed as a frame, in particular to facilitate access to contact plugs for energizing the coil 3.
  • a pole piece 6 is firmly connected to the jacket body 4 and closes off the interior of the coil 3 in a known manner.
  • This coil interior is preferably lined with a bearing tube 9 of a known type in which an armature 7 is movably mounted.
  • adjusting screw 17 With a non-magnetic, preferably held in the pole piece 6 and engaging in the armature 7, adjusting screw 17 can The stroke of the armature 7 can be limited in a simple manner, ie the end position P2 of the armature 7 can be set in the desired manner when the coil 3 is energized.
  • a locking element 10 which is mounted displaceably in a locking guide 14 and which is firmly connected to a permanent magnet 13 and locks the armature 7 in its end position P1, is provided in the guide ring 11.
  • the permanent magnet 13 presses the locking element 11 permanently against the armature 7 because of the forces of attraction between the permanent magnet 13 and the ferromagnetic armature 7 and allows this locking element 10 to engage in a recess 15, thus preventing any further and undesired movement of the armature 7.
  • the locking element 10, which is mounted displaceably in the guide ring 11 in the locking guide 14, is secured here with a locking ring 16 attached to the guide ring 11. It goes without saying that several locking elements 10 can be provided in this guide ring 11.
  • these locking elements 10 are arranged radially to the axial direction of movement A of the armature 7 and preferably distributed around the armature 7 like a spoke.
  • the recess 15 is designed in the form of a circumferential groove 18.
  • the multiple locking elements 10 can be arranged inclined to a transverse plane perpendicular to the axial direction A of the armature 7, and the circumferential groove 18 has a correspondingly sloping base region 19 on the coil side.
  • this circumferential groove 18 has a suitably stepped flank area 20 on the spool side.
  • the in Fig. 2 The schematic section through the actuator 1 according to the invention shows it when the coil 3 is energized are surrounded.
  • the casing body 4 does not need to completely enclose the coil 3, but can, for example, be designed as a frame, in particular to facilitate access to contact plugs for energizing the coil 3.
  • a pole piece 6 is firmly connected to the casing body 4 and closes in a known manner Manner the interior of the coil 3.
  • This coil interior is preferably lined with a bearing tube 9 of a known type in which an armature 7 is movably mounted.
  • a guide ring 11 firmly connected to the yoke piece 5
  • a spring plate 12 firmly connected to the armature 7, around which Pull armature 7 out of the coil interior when the coil 3 is de-energized.
  • the locking element 10 which is slidably mounted in the locking guide 14 in the guide ring 11, is firmly connected according to the invention to a permanent magnet 13 and, when the coil 3 is energized, no longer engages in the recess 15, respectively.
  • circumferential groove 18, ie enables the movement of the armature 7 in its second end position P2, respectively. Release position.
  • the permanent magnet 13 pulls the locking element 11 because of the magnetic repulsive forces between the permanent magnet 13 and the magnetic stray field F generated by the coil 3 from the recess 15, respectively. circumferential groove 18 out. It goes without saying that the pole of the permanent magnet 13 facing the armature 7 has the same polarity as the pole of the coil 3 facing the permanent magnet 13.
  • the coil-side flank region 20 of the circumferential groove 18 can be configured in a stepped manner.
  • the locking element 10, which is mounted displaceably in the guide ring 11, is secured with a locking ring 16 attached to the guide ring 11.
  • a plurality of locking elements 10 can be provided in this guide ring 11.
  • these locking elements 10 are arranged radially to the axial direction of movement A of the armature 7 and preferably distributed around the armature 7 like a spoke. It goes without saying that wherever there can be a stray field generated by the coil, in particular in front of or behind or in the interior of the coil arrangement, at least a locking element 10 interacting with the armature 7 can be provided.
  • the actuator 1 is designed in the form of a bistable reversing stroke magnet, i.e. it has a restoring element 8 in the form of a counter-coil wound or controlled in opposite directions and thus enables a reversing stroke.
  • the locking element 10 and the associated recess 15 in the armature 7 can here also be arranged in front of or behind each of the coils or between the two coils.
  • An actuator 1 designed in this way can be used in bistable applications of all kinds, for example in automotive technology for drive authorization systems, in automation technology for sorting switches, in rail technology for access control systems and in security technology for door locks, etc.
  • the essentially non-magnetic locking element is made of a material with high strength, in particular with high breaking strength, depending on the use of the actuator, such as, for example, from a brass alloy with a tensile strength of 230 to 610 N / mm 2 or made of a chromium-molybdenum alloy with a tensile strength of, for example, up to 1,000 N / mm 2 or of an engineering plastic, such as a plastic reinforced with carbon nanotubes with a tensile strength of, for example, up to 630,000 N / mm 2 .
  • the locking element primarily has a high shear strength and / or fatigue strength, ie fatigue strength.
  • the jacket body 4 and / or the yoke piece 5 can be provided with additional components in order to influence the course of the field lines of the stray field and in particular to optimize the repulsive forces between the permanent magnet 13 and the armature 7.
  • the advantages of the present actuator are immediately apparent to the person skilled in the art and can be seen in particular in the component-reduced and thus surprisingly simple construction, ie in the space-saving and functionally reliable construction.
  • the actuator according to the invention allows this to be adapted in a simple manner to desired requirements, in particular for use in a low-wear, ie long-term stable, security lock.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Lock And Its Accessories (AREA)

Claims (11)

  1. Actionneur électromagnétique (1) pour des applications de verrouillage, par exemple pour des serrures de sécurité, lequel actionneur (1) comporte une bobine (3) alimentée électriquement qui est au moins partiellement enfermée par un corps de boîtier (4) et une pièce de culasse (5), dans lequel à l'intérieur il est prévu la bobine (3) d'un induit (7) monté de manière mobile dans la direction axiale (A), qui coopère avec un élément de rappel (8) sous la forme d'un élément élastique et/ou une bobine de compteur pour générer une course de recul et entre une première position finale (P1) et une seconde position finale (P2) est mobile, au moins un élément de verrouillage (10) à travers lequel les lignes de champ magnétique (F) peuvent circuler au moins partiellement et qui coopère avec l'armature (7) de telle sorte que cela peut être verrouillée ou déverrouillée dans au moins une de ses positions extrêmes (P1, P2) par au moins un élément de verrouillage (10), caractérisé en ce que
    l'élément de verrouillage (10) comprend un aimant permanent (13) qui lui est solidaire, de préférence à l'intérieur, et lequel élément de verrouillage (10) est monté mobile à l'intérieur d'un guide de verrouillage (14) prévu dans une bague de guidage (11), l'élément de verrouillage (10) vient en prise dans un évidement (15) de l'induit (7) pour le verrouillage.
  2. Actionneur électromagnétique (1) selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'armature (7) prend la première position finale (P1) lorsque la bobine (3) est hors tension et la deuxième position finale (P2) lorsque la bobine (3) est excitée, la première position finale (P1) étant une position fermée et la seconde position finale (P2) est une position de libération.
  3. Actionneur électromagnétique (1) selon l'une des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que l'élément de verrouillage (10) présente une perméabilité paramagnétique neutre ou faiblement paramagnétique de µ ≈ 1.
  4. Actionneur électromagnétique (1) selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que l'aimant permanent (13) de l'élément de verrouillage (10) a une position prédéterminée par rapport à l'armature (7) et à la bobine (3) lorsqu'il est verrouillé, de sorte que l'aimant permanent (13) de l'élément de verrouillage (10) est exposé à une force magnétique générée par le champ d'éparpillement de la bobine (3) lorsque la bobine (3) est excité, pour déplacer l'élément de verrouillage (10) hors de la position prédéterminée.
  5. Actionneur électromagnétique (1) selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que l'élément de verrouillage (10) est disposé radialement par rapport à la direction axiale (A) de l'armature (7).
  6. Actionneur électromagnétique (1) selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que l'élément de verrouillage (10) est disposé incliné par rapport à un plan transversal perpendiculaire à la direction axiale (A) de l'armature (7).
  7. Actionneur électromagnétique (1) selon l'une des revendications précédentes 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que plusieurs, notamment trois, éléments de verrouillage (10) sont disposés autour de l'armature (7) répartis en rayons.
  8. Actionneur électromagnétique (1) selon l'une des revendications précédentes 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que l'évidement (15) est réalisé sous la forme d'une rainure périphérique (18).
  9. Actionneur électromagnétique (1) selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que la rainure (18) présente une zone de fond (19) inclinée vers le bas de côté bobine et de préférence une zone de flanc étagée (20) de côté bobine.
  10. Actionneur électromagnétique (1) selon l'une des revendications précédentes 1 à 9, caractérisé en ce que l'élément de verrouillage (10) est réalisé en un matériau technique à haute résistance, notamment à haute résistance à la rupture, par exemple en un alliage de laiton à résistance à la traction de 230 à 610 N/mm2 ou d'un alliage de chrome-molybdène avec une résistance à la traction, par exemple, jusqu'à 1'000 N/mm2 ou à partir d'un plastique renforcé par des nanotubes de carbone avec une résistance à la traction, par exemple, jusqu'à 630'000 N/mm2, où le matériau technique a principalement une résistance élevée au cisaillement et/ou de résistance en fatigue, à savoir a une résistance à la fatigue.
  11. Utilisation d'un actionneur électromagnétique (1) présentant les caractéristiques de la revendication 1 dans des applications bistables, en particulier dans la technique automobile dans les systèmes d'autorisation de conduite, dans la technique d'automatisation dans les systèmes d'aiguillage de tri, dans la technique ferroviaire dans les systèmes de contrôle d'accès ou dans la technique de sécurité dans le verrouillage de porte systèmes.
EP19000289.9A 2018-06-12 2019-06-12 Actionneur électromagnétique Active EP3591673B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH00752/18A CH715081B1 (de) 2018-06-12 2018-06-12 Elektromagnetischer Aktuator.

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3591673A1 EP3591673A1 (fr) 2020-01-08
EP3591673B1 true EP3591673B1 (fr) 2021-08-04

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ID=66866871

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19000289.9A Active EP3591673B1 (fr) 2018-06-12 2019-06-12 Actionneur électromagnétique

Country Status (2)

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EP (1) EP3591673B1 (fr)
CH (1) CH715081B1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112483716B (zh) * 2020-12-14 2022-12-27 欧好光电控制技术（上海）股份有限公司 电磁阀的驱动装置
CN115405165B (zh) * 2021-05-28 2024-06-18 贵州振华群英电器有限公司（国营第八九一厂） 一种双衔铁、双线圈结构电磁锁控装置及控制电路
CN114171282B (zh) * 2021-11-03 2022-06-10 深圳市宗泰电机有限公司 电磁解锁机构

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2867756A (en) * 1955-05-10 1959-01-06 Siemens Ag Electromagnetic relay
DE4035889A1 (de) * 1990-11-12 1992-05-14 Bruno Gruber Hubmagnet
US5216909A (en) 1992-04-01 1993-06-08 Armoogam Michael A Electro-mechanical locking mechanism
DE29903873U1 (de) 1999-03-04 1999-06-02 Kuhnke GmbH, 23714 Malente Elektrisches Gerät, insbesondere Hubmagnet
DE102014224043A1 (de) 2014-11-25 2016-05-25 Zf Friedrichshafen Ag Elektromagnetischer Aktuator und Verfahren zum Betreiben des Aktuators

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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Title
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Publication number Publication date
EP3591673A1 (fr) 2020-01-08
CH715081A2 (de) 2019-12-13
CH715081B1 (de) 2022-03-31

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