EP3589756A1 - Verfahren zur umformung eines blechs, fertigungsanlage sowie konduktive erwärmungseinrichtung - Google Patents
Verfahren zur umformung eines blechs, fertigungsanlage sowie konduktive erwärmungseinrichtungInfo
- Publication number
- EP3589756A1 EP3589756A1 EP18716509.7A EP18716509A EP3589756A1 EP 3589756 A1 EP3589756 A1 EP 3589756A1 EP 18716509 A EP18716509 A EP 18716509A EP 3589756 A1 EP3589756 A1 EP 3589756A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- sheet
- electrodes
- conductive heating
- electrode
- heating device
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 202
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 87
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 87
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 title abstract description 5
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 claims description 40
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims description 11
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- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
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- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 25
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 12
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 9
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- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001315 Tool steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001976 improved effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004070 electrodeposition Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/0095—Heating devices in the form of rollers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/34—Methods of heating
- C21D1/40—Direct resistance heating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/62—Quenching devices
- C21D1/673—Quenching devices for die quenching
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/46—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D7/00—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation
- C21D7/13—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by hot working
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for forming a sheet into a three-dimensional component by sheet metal forming, wherein the sheet is conductively heated to a temperature necessary for the sheet metal forming by means of a conductive heating device.
- the invention also relates to a production plant for producing three-dimensional components from sheet metal and to a conductive heating device for carrying out a conductive heating process of a sheet metal.
- the invention relates to the field of manufacture of sheet metal components, wherein from a flat sheet having plane-parallel or at least substantially plane-parallel surfaces by a process of sheet metal forming, e.g. Pressing, press-hardening or molding, a three-dimensional component is produced, i. a molding such as e.g. a vehicle component.
- a molding such as e.g. a vehicle component.
- Sheet metal are heated to a temperature of about 950 ° C and during the molding, that are cooled during the pressing process, targeted. As a result of this cooling, the sheet is hardened at least in some places by conversion of the sheet material structure into a martensitic structure, which leads to the desired material properties of the three-dimensional component. In this case, for example, a tensile strength of at least 1 .500 MPa is required at an elongation in the range of greater than 5%. But also with sheet materials, such as aluminum, magnesium, titanium, where no hardening should take place during the pressing, but the sheet metal forming with the heated sheet by means of a pressing operation is carried out, there is a need for low-cost heating of the sheet.
- the invention has for its object to further improve a method for forming a sheet to a three-dimensional component by sheet metal forming with respect to the conductive heating of the sheet. Furthermore, a suitable manufacturing plant and a conductive heating device should be specified.
- the above-mentioned object is achieved by a method for forming a metal sheet into a three-dimensional component by sheet metal forming, wherein the metal sheet is conductively heated to a temperature necessary for sheet metal forming by means of a conductive heating device, wherein the conductive heating device comprises at least two rotatably mounted, cylindrical Having electrodes for conductive energization of the sheet, wherein the sheet is passed between at least two offset in rotation cylindrical electrodes and conductively heated by these electrodes, and the sheet in the still heated by the conductive heating by means of the at least two offset in rotation cylindrical electrodes state of the conductive heating device is supplied to a pressing device and is converted there in the still heated by the conductive heating state by pressing to the three-dimensional component.
- the heating process by means of the conductive heating is separate from the forming process, both spatially and with regard to the method steps.
- the invention allows a simple and efficient production of sheet metal components for all applications, eg for road vehicles, rail vehicles or aircraft.
- the invention allows the processing of metal sheets of all kinds, such as steel sheets or, for example, for aircraft, aluminum, magnesium, titanium or similar materials. If sheet metal materials are used which are not yet to be hardened during the sheet metal forming operation, ie during pressing, a separate hardening process can subsequently be carried out after the sheet metal forming operation.
- the invention also permits a simple and efficient production of press-hardened sheet-metal components. In this case, the transformation takes place to the three-dimensional component by a press hardening process, ie directly during pressing, the curing is effected by selective cooling, as explained above.
- arbitrarily shaped sheets ie sheets with any outer contour
- sheets with other cross-sectional changes for example by recesses in the sheet, can be heated in this manner conductively.
- arbitrarily complicated shaped blanks can be conductively heated with any geometry.
- sheet metal forming can be a metal forming process without cutting, in which the desired three-dimensional component is pressed from a cut piece of sheet metal, usually a flat piece of sheet metal, into its final shape, eg in a pressing device by means of a punch and a die, or a superior and a lower genius.
- the sheet material can obtain the desired shape only by plastic deformation, ie without machining and at least substantially without massive forming.
- the term sheet metal forming may thus refer to a technical field clearly defined by the field of massive forming, ie sheet metal forming does not necessarily have to be equated with any type of sheet metal forming.
- the invention is not limited to continuously heating sheets with the same outer contour in the conductive heating device. Rather, it is possible that alternately plates, each with different outer contours, are guided through the conductive heating device and thereby heated.
- the processing time of the individual sheet and the energy required for it can be significantly reduced.
- the sheet can be finished within a few seconds, e.g. in the range of 1 to 5 seconds, to be heated to the required temperature.
- a sheet metal which is provided as a substantially plate-shaped part with plane-parallel surfaces, for example in the form of tailored rolled blanks, tailored blanks and tailored welded blanks, is converted into a three-dimensional component.
- a three-dimensional component is understood in particular to be a component in which a cuboid enclosing the component has at least three times the dimension, in particular five times, the thickness of the sheet used with respect to each of its edge lengths.
- neither a forming process nor a joining process is carried out on the sheet during the passage of the sheet through the at least two roller-shaped electrodes set in rotation.
- substantially no deformation can take place on the sheet when the sheet is passed through the at least two roller-shaped electrodes which are set in rotation.
- a degree of deformation of the sheet that nevertheless arises is very slight, e.g. less than 2% deformation.
- Sheet before performing the conductive heating i. outside the conductive heating device, is separated in the form of a piece of sheet metal from a sheet stock.
- the sheet or the sheet metal piece can be provided with in principle any predetermined outer contour for the conductive heating, in particular with a non-rectangular contour.
- the sheet piece may e.g. be cut out of a coil, in particular a coil with a roll width of more than 10 cm.
- the sheet metal section when passing the sheet through the at least two offset in rotation cylindrical electrodes at least one sheet metal section is not conductively heated or is conductively heated to a lower temperature.
- at least one sheet metal section when passing the sheet through the at least two offset in rotation cylindrical electrodes at least one sheet metal section is not conductively heated or is conductively heated to a lower temperature.
- the desired high tensile strengths are necessary only in some areas of the component, while higher strains of, for example, 15% to 17% are desired in other areas, such as the foot of a B-pillar of a motor vehicle.
- the sheet may be subjected to a different heat treatment during the conductive heating in the respective subregions and then, e.g. be fed to the press hardening process. Therefore, the sheet is heated only in the areas of high tensile strength to a temperature above the hardness point of the alloy, so that only in these areas, the conditions of a subsequent press hardening are given with a corresponding structural transformation.
- the contact pressure of these electrodes is kept constant to the sheet, either for the complete sheet or at least for sections of the sheet.
- Such sections of the sheet may in particular be portions that are conductively heated by these electrodes to a temperature necessary for press hardening with a corresponding structural transformation. In this way, a particularly uniform conductive heating of the sheet can be achieved during the passage-through process through the electrodes.
- the generation of the uniform contact pressure can be realized, for example, by a corresponding mechanical construction of the conductive heating device, for example by one or both cylindrical electrodes being suspended with a certain flexibility, eg suspended loosely and / or sprung, so that this results in a constant contact pressure.
- the roller-shaped electrodes can also be pressed against the sheet by a controllable loading mechanism of the conductive heating device, eg pneumatically, hydraulically and / or electrically, ie also in combination with one another. If such a pressing mechanism is present, then the contact pressure of the electrodes on the sheet can also be regulated by a contact pressure control device.
- the input variable for the regulation of the contact pressure and, accordingly, the contact pressure can be, for example, a sensor device detected, the sheet metal cross section characterizing size and / or the respectively fed into the sheet electrical current are used, which emits the conductive heating device.
- the current density generated by these electrodes in the sheet is kept constant, either for the complete sheet or at least for sections of the sheet. Also, this will equalize the heating of the sheet during the feedthrough operation.
- a current density control device can be used for keeping the current density constant.
- the current density control device can, for example, use as an input variable the actual voltage between the electrodes measured directly at the electrodes, in order to drive a corresponding controllable voltage source, which provides the electrical energy for the conductive heating.
- the current density control device can be designed, for example, in the sense of a constant voltage regulation with respect to the voltage measured directly at the electrodes between the electrodes.
- the control of the voltage source by the current density control device can alternatively or additionally also take place on the basis of other input signals, for example because of the mentioned size characterizing the sheet metal cross section.
- the current density is kept constant by the voltage (potential difference) between the electrodes is measured and controlled to a constant value and / o- a characterizing the sheet metal cross-section while passing the sheet through the at least two rotationally offset cylindrical electrodes are continuously measured and, depending thereon, the voltage applied to these electrodes is regulated.
- a uniformly heated over its entire surface sheet for the subsequent pressing process or press hardening process can be provided.
- the temperature of the sheet obtained by the conductive heating may be continuously lowered, for example, from an initial temperature value ⁇ -1, which is higher than a final temperature value T2, during passage of the sheet through the at least two roll-shaped electrodes, e.g. linear or after another transition curve.
- the cooling process of the part of the sheet already passed through the electrodes can be counteracted by a heat-insulated chamber, into which the heated area of the sheet is moved.
- a conductive heating device for carrying out a conductive heating process of a sheet having at least two rotatably mounted roller-shaped electrodes for conductive application of current to the sheet, the sheet being passable between at least two roller-shaped electrodes set in rotation and conductively heatable by means of these electrodes,
- Sheet metal forming is set up by pressing the heated sheet, c) an automatic transport device which is adapted to transport the sheet to the pressing device in the still heated state by the conductive heating by means of the at least two offset in rotation cylindrical electrodes and to place there for the pressing operation.
- the pressing device is to be correspondingly extended, in particular with a cooling device for the purposeful cooling of the sheet during the shaping, i. during the pressing process.
- the automatic transport device is then configured to transport the sheet to the pressing device in the still heated state by means of the conductive heating by means of the at least two roller-shaped electrodes set in rotation, and to place it there for the press hardening process.
- the automatic transport device may be, for example, an industrial robot, a conveyor belt or a combination of such elements.
- a conductive heating device for carrying out a conductive heating process of a sheet, in particular a conductive heating device of a manufacturing plant of the type described above, wherein the conductive heating device has at least two cylindrical electrodes, one for passing the sheet between these electrodes arranged feedthrough gap between the electrodes have, which has a smaller width than the thickness of the sheet without in the lead-through gap sheet, the arrangement of the at least two cylindrical electrodes having a compliance, through which the lead-through gap between the electrodes by means of the sheet to be performed on the extent of the thickness of the sheet is widened.
- the conductive heating device is particularly suitable for carrying out a method of the type described above.
- the electrodes can adapt to the sheet to be passed without the sheet being substantially changed, as would be the case, for example, in a rolling process.
- a change in the shape of the sheet during passing through the cylindrical electrodes is not desired in the present invention.
- the conductive heating device has a contact pressure control device which is set up to keep the contact pressure of the electrodes against the sheet during the passage of the sheet through the electrodes constant, either for the complete sheet or at least for sections of the sheet.
- the contact pressure control device can be embodied as a mechanical and / or electronic device, it being possible to use pneumatic, hydraulic and / or electrical actuators for generating the contact pressure. By keeping constant the contact pressure a uniform surface pressure and thus a uniform contact resistance between the electrodes and the sheet is ensured.
- the conductive heating device has at least one Strom confuseregelungseinnchtung which is adapted to keep the current density generated by the electrodes in the conductive heating in the sheet during the passage of the sheet through the electrodes constant, either for the complete sheet or at least for sections of the sheet.
- the Strom confuseregelungseinnchtung is designed as an electronic device.
- the conductive heating device has at least one optical sensor device which is set up to continuously measure a variable characterizing the sheet metal cross section as it passes the sheet through the at least two cylindrical electrodes in rotation and as an input signal to supply the Strom Whyregelungseinnchtung.
- the current density control means can control the current density in response to the supplied signal characterizing the sheet cross-section.
- the optical sensor device can, for example, have a laser distance measuring device, an electronic camera and / or further elements.
- the laser distance measuring device can For example, the existing sheet metal width are measured.
- the respective metal profile can be detected both in terms of the outer contours and in terms of recesses in the sheet.
- the arrangement of the at least two cylindrical electrodes having the feedthrough gap between the electrodes arranged between these electrodes for carrying out the sheet has at least one spacer through which a minimum distance between the electrodes is maintained if there is no sheet metal between them.
- the arrangement of the at least two cylindrical electrodes has a flexibility, by means of which the lead-through gap between the electrodes can be widened to the extent of the thickness of the sheet by means of the sheet to be carried out and thus changed. If no sheet is present between the electrodes, the lead-through gap can thus shrink. The spacer can be avoided in such cases, a collision of the electrodes.
- the spacer may be formed, for example, as a stop for the movement of the electrodes. According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the resilience is realized by an elastic, loose storage of one or both of the at least two cylindrical electrodes and / or by supporting one or both of these electrodes via a respective support roller with an elasticity.
- the flexibility can be realized in a simple and cost-effective manner. If one or both of the cylindrical electrodes are supported by one or more respective support rollers, the design of the cylindrical electrodes can be simplified, eg their diameter can be reduced, since they are supported by the support rollers and therefore themselves can be less rigid.
- the conductive heating device may further comprise a temperature control device which controls the advance of the sheet through the electrodes and / or the current density passing through the sheet such that the sheet emerging from the electrodes reaches a desired set temperature.
- the temperature control device may, for example, receive an input signal from a temperature sensor which detects the temperature of the sheet after exiting the electrodes.
- the temperature sensor may e.g. be designed as a pyrometer.
- the roller-shaped electrodes may be made of a sufficiently hard copper alloy, e.g. CuCoBe or CuBe2.
- the electrical contact from the electrical energy source, which provides the current for the conductive heating, to the electrodes may be e.g. via a respective sliding contact or a plurality of sliding contacts, or over the axis of rotation of the respective electrode.
- the invention is particularly suitable for sheets in which there are also sudden changes in the cross-section over the longitudinal extent, e.g. sudden changes greater than 5% or greater than 50%.
- the conductive heating is performed by, for example, DC or AC, with DC being preferred since no adverse inductive effects occur.
- DC being preferred since no adverse inductive effects occur.
- a faster readjustment of the current density is at changing sheet metal cross section possible.
- the current used for the conductive heating can, for example, be taken from a two-phase network or a three-phase network, eg a three-phase system.
- the above object is further achieved by a method for conductive heating of a sheet, wherein the sheet is conductively heated by a conductive heating means to a temperature, wherein the conductive heating means comprises at least two rotatably mounted, cylindrical electrodes for conductive application of current to the sheet and the sheet see between the at least two offset in rotation roller-shaped electrodes is passed and is conductively heated by these electrodes, wherein the current flow generated by the electrodes through the sheet at least at certain points of the sheet has a flow direction, mainly in the longitudinal direction and / or in the transverse direction of the sheet runs.
- the conductive heating means comprises at least two rotatably mounted, cylindrical electrodes for conductive application of current to the sheet and the sheet see between the at least two offset in rotation roller-shaped electrodes is passed and is conductively heated by these electrodes, wherein the current flow generated by the electrodes through the sheet at least at certain points of the sheet has a flow direction, mainly in the longitudinal direction and / or in the transverse direction of the sheet runs.
- the ohmic resistance between the electrodes used which is locally provided by the sheet to be heated, is of essential importance.
- the resistance provided in the direction of the thickness of the sheet material is relatively low. This can lead to the efficiency of the heating circuit for industrial needs being relatively low, ie it is not optimal for industrial production.
- the invention solves this problem by changing the flow of current through the sheet metal, in that the flow of current is not guided perpendicularly through the sheet, as in the prior art, ie substantially exclusively has a flow direction in the direction of the sheet thickness.
- the current flow now has a predominant flux component (or flow direction) in the longitudinal direction and / or in the transverse direction of the sheet.
- the longitudinal direction of the sheet is understood to be the direction of passage of the sheet through the cylindrical electrodes.
- the transverse direction of the sheet extends perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the sheet or parallel to the axis of rotation of the electrodes.
- This advantageous flow direction of the current flow can, for example, as described below, be realized by staggered isolation regions and non-insulation regions of the electrodes.
- the method explained above can also be used advantageously in combination with one of the methods mentioned above for the conductive heating of a sheet, for example as a heating method for such a method explained in the introduction.
- a conductive heating device for carrying out a conductive heating process of a sheet, the conductive heating device having at least two rotatably mounted roller-shaped electrodes for conductive application of current to the sheet, wherein the sheet can be passed between the at least two offset in rotation cylindrical electrodes and Conductive heating by means of these electrodes, wherein the roller-shaped electrodes on the outer circumference respective contact areas, where they come when passing the sheet between the electrodes mechanically in contact with the sheet, the Victorberei- che each have isolation areas and non-insulating areas, wherein in the isolation areas there is no electrical contact between the electrode and the sheet, and in the non-insulating regions, electrical contact between the electrode and the sheet is made is present.
- the isolation regions can be realized, for example, by an insulating surface coating of the electrode.
- the insulating regions may be arranged at the same height level as the non-insulating regions, so that both the insulating regions and the non-insulating regions come into mechanical contact with the sheet during the rotation of the electrode.
- the isolation regions can also be realized by depressions in the electrode, for example by grooves or nubs or other surface structuring introduced by cutting or by chipless production.
- the isolation areas do not mechanically come into contact with the sheet.
- the non-insulating regions which are raised in relation to the insulation regions can have inclined side walls. According to an advantageous development of the invention, it is provided that, at least in the area of a lead-through gap between the cylindrical electrodes used to pass the sheet between the cylindrical electrodes, in the opposite contact areas of the cylindrical electrodes, the non-insulating areas of the one electrode are offset from the non-insulation areas the opposite other electrode are arranged. In this way, the desired flow direction of the current flow through the sheet in the longitudinal and / or transverse direction can be further optimized.
- the sheet has a positive temperature coefficient of resistivity, so that sheet resistivity increases due to heating.
- An additional synergetic effect in increasing the efficiency of the conductive heating is achieved by the current flow between staggered non-insulating regions of opposing electrodes, this current flow is at least partially by already heated sheet metal areas. These already have a higher resistance due to the heating, which improves the efficiency of the conductive heating.
- the heating also expands convectively in the sheet, so that this increase in resistance also expands further and thus further improves the efficiency of the conductive heating.
- the non-insulating areas of one electrode are not overlapped with each other in the opposite contact areas of the cylindrical electrodes are arranged to the non-insulating regions of the opposite other electrode.
- the non-overlapping regions of the electrodes at least if the insulation regions are formed by surface structuring, in a suitable manner matching the thickness and stability of the metal sheet and thereby suitably apply the contact pressure of the electrodes to the metal sheet to avoid unwanted plate deformation due to surface structuring of the electrodes. If the isolation areas are realized by an insulating surface coating of the electrodes, such deformation effects of the sheet are avoided anyway.
- a conductive heating device for carrying out a conductive heating process of a sheet, the conductive heating device having at least two rotatably mounted roller-shaped electrodes for conductive application of current to the sheet, wherein the sheet can be passed between the at least two offset in rotation cylindrical electrodes and
- the conductive heating means for electrically powering at least one roller-shaped electrode has a movable power transmission element having a first contact surface for electrically contacting a side of this electrode and a second electrical contact element for electrically contacting the opposite side of the electrode wherein the conductive heating means comprises a controller adapted to to control the actuator so that alternately the first and the second contact surface is brought into electrical contact with the electrode.
- the aforementioned heating device solves this problem by a movable power transmission element in which contact is made with the electrode alternately at a first and a second contact surface. This makes it possible that the respective contact surface at least temporarily participates in the surface movement of the rotating electrode and follows this electrode.
- the current transmission element may be formed, for example, as a fixed contact frame, which can be moved automatically by means of the actuator.
- the contact frame can then have the first and the second contact surface.
- the current transmission element may also be in the form of individual movable contact elements, wherein a first contact element has the first contact surface and a second contact element has the second contact surface. These contact elements can be moved separately from each other by the actuator.
- the first and / or second contact surface may have a surface structuring, e.g. a gearing.
- a corresponding surface structuring may be present, e.g. a comparable gearing.
- the electrode can have a separate contact region for the electrical contacting of the first and / or second contact surface, which is separately, i. spaced from the contact areas in which the cylindrical electrodes are brought into mechanical contact with the sheet.
- the distance between the first and the second contact surface is at least temporarily greater than the diameter of the cylindrical electrode in the contact region to the first and the second contact surface. In the case of a fixed contact frame, the distance between the first and the second contact surface is permanently greater than the diameter of the cylindrical electrode in the contact region to the first and the second contact surface.
- control device is set up to control an actuator in such a way that a first or second contact surface brought into electrical contact with the electrode executes a longitudinal movement following the rotational movement of the surface of the electrode.
- first or second contact surface which has been brought into electrical contact with the electrode can transmit the electric current to the electrode substantially without friction and accordingly without wear.
- longitudinal movement of the first and the second contact surface is substantially slip-free for movement of the surface of the electrode, that is, the respective contact surface at the same speed is moved in the same direction as the surface velocity of the electrode.
- the actuator can be set up to move the current transmission element on the one hand in a first direction of movement in order to realize the alternating contacting of the electrode with the first and the second contact surface, and in addition to realize a movement carried out perpendicular to the first direction of movement, with the the contact surface carries out the longitudinal movement in the direction of the rotational movement of the surface of the electrode.
- the above-mentioned object is further achieved by a method for conductive heating of a sheet, wherein the sheet is conductively heated to a temperature by means of a conductive heating device, wherein the conductive heating means comprises at least one rotatably mounted, cylindrical electrode for conductive current application of the sheet and the sheet is guided along the at least one roller-shaped electrode which is set in rotation and conductively heated by means of this electrode and at least one counterelectrode, the flow of current generated by the electrode and the counterelectrode through the sheet at least at certain points of the sheet Flow direction which extends predominantly in the longitudinal direction and / or in the transverse direction of the sheet.
- the conductive heating means comprises at least one rotatably mounted, cylindrical electrode for conductive current application of the sheet and the sheet is guided along the at least one roller-shaped electrode which is set in rotation and conductively heated by means of this electrode and at least one counterelectrode, the flow of current generated by the electrode and the counterelectrode through the sheet at least at certain points of the
- the arrangement of electrode and counter electrode can be made more flexible, since two opposing cylindrical electrodes are not necessarily required.
- the counterelectrode may be located elsewhere, spaced from the cylindrical electrode, e.g. in the direction of movement of the sheet in front of the cylindrical electrode or behind the cylindrical electrode.
- the invention is thus also particularly suitable for the conductive heating of sensitive materials, e.g. foil-thin sheets.
- Another advantage of the invention is that the method of conductive heating of the sheet can be combined with sheet metal forming Roll the sheet.
- the rolling or forming of the sheet can be done directly with the participation of the cylindrical electrode or by separate rollers.
- a conductive rolling process can be realized in which continuously the sheet metal cross-section can be reduced by a rolling process.
- the required heating of the sheet can be done by the conductive heating.
- the invention makes it possible, in sections and flexibly, to adapt the required electrical parameters to the required deformation parameters by reducing the sheet thickness.
- An extension of the sheet occurring during rolling can be compensated in the system, for example, by forming the sheet in front of and behind the roll arrangement by means of respective tension elements, e.g. Pull rollers, kept under tension. In this way, an undesirable sagging of the sheet is avoided.
- the accessories can be operated, for example, by means of an electric drive.
- the described conductive heating of the sheet can be advantageously carried out with direct current, in particular for thin sheets. Furthermore, it is advantageous to generate the electrical power signal, i. to supply the voltage or the current, pulsed, e.g. with a sawtooth curve. This allows an improved and in particular more sensitive metering of the electrical power supply signal and thus an improved temperature setting of the sheet for the forming process.
- the method described above can be advantageously combined with all embodiments of the method which have been explained above.
- a conductive heating device for carrying out a conductive heating process of a sheet, in particular conductive heating device, wherein the conductive heating device has at least one rotatably mounted, cylindrical electrode and at least one counter electrode for conductive current application of the sheet and the sheet along the at least one in rotation roller-shaped electrode is guided and is conductively heated by means of this electrode and the at least one counter electrode, wherein the at least one counter electrode as a lead electrode which contacts the sheet at a lying in the direction of movement of the sheet along the cylindrical electrode in front of the cylindrical electrode-lying position, and / or as a trailing electrode, which contacts the sheet at a lying in the direction of movement of the sheet along the cylindrical electrode behind the roller-shaped electrode position is formed.
- the conductive heating device is particularly suitable for carrying out a method according to claim 25 and thus for processing particularly thin sheets.
- the conductive heating device can also have both types of counterelectrodes, ie both a lead-in electrode and a tracking electrode.
- the arrangement of the counter electrode at a distance from the roller-shaped electrode has extended degrees of freedom for the realization of the conductive heating device.
- no second roller-shaped electrode must be present opposite the already mentioned cylindrical electrode.
- it can be arranged opposite a roller-shaped counter roller.
- the sheet is in this case passed through a gap between the cylindrical electrode and the roller-shaped counter roller.
- the arrangement of the cylindrical electrode and the counter roller can already be used for the forming of the sheet by a rolling process.
- separate rolling rolls can be arranged in the direction of movement of the sheet in front of or behind the arrangement of the cylindrical electrode and the counter roll.
- the counter role can be formed isolated. It serves as a pressing device for pressing the sheet against the cylindrical electrode.
- the sheet By heating the sheet in a region between the counter electrode and the cylindrical electrode larger heated areas of the sheet are created.
- a continuous flow of current in the sheet is realized.
- the sheet can be kept at a desired temperature over a larger surface area, which is advantageous, for example, for the production of thin sheet-metal foils.
- An advantage of the separate arrangement of rolling rolls is that they can be mechanically optimized to their actual function of the forming process and, for example, can be made of tool steel. Tool steel, on the other hand, is not so well suited for the electrical contacting of the sheet, ie for the realization of the cylindrical electrode.
- a first electrical energy source is connected between the feed electrode and the cylindrical electrode and a second electrical energy source is connected between the cylindrical electrode and the follower electrode.
- the sheet metal can be conductively heated both in the region of the flow electrode and in the region of the wake electrode.
- the heating of the sheet can also be done differently as required, i. at different temperatures.
- the conductive heating device has at least two rotatably mounted roller-shaped electrodes for conductive current application of the sheet, wherein the sheet between the at least two offset in rotation cylindrical electrodes can be guided and conductively heated by means of these electrodes, wherein the sheet can be heated conductively via a third electrical energy source connected between two cylindrical electrodes and, in addition, can be conductively heated by a further energy source connected between one of the cylindrical electrodes and the flow electrode and / or the wake electrode.
- the above-described conductive heating device can also be combined with one of the initially described embodiments of the conductive heating device, in which at least two rotatably mounted roller-shaped electrodes for conductive current application of the sheet are present.
- the area of the sheet which is heated by conductive heating is arranged in a protective gas environment.
- the conductive heating device may, for example, have an enclosure for this purpose.
- the roller-shaped electrodes may, at least on the outer periphery, advantageously comprise a high-strength copper alloy, e.g. CuCoBe. In this way, with relatively high strength of the cylindrical electrode, good current transmission is ensured.
- a high-strength copper alloy e.g. CuCoBe.
- Figure 1 shows a manufacturing plant in a schematic representation
- Figure 2 is a conductive heating device
- Figure 3 shows another feature of the conductive heating device and Figure 4 further features of the conductive heating device and
- Figure 5 is a side sectional view of the electrodes with the sheet
- Figure 6 is an enlarged sectional view of the illustration of Figure 5 and
- Figure 7 is a sheet in perspective
- Figure 1 1 is a stepwise representation of the function of a power transmission arrangement
- Figures 12 to 13 further embodiments of a conductive heating device.
- the production plant shown in FIG. 1 has a sheet metal cutting device 1, a conductive heating device 2 and a pressing device 3.
- the sheet metal cutting device 1 is an automatic transport device 61, the sheet from a sheet stock 6, e.g. a coil fed.
- the sheet 4 to be further processed in the form of a piece of sheet metal, e.g. as a form board, separated from the sheet stock 6.
- the sheet 4 is then fed via a further automatic transport device 12 of the conductive heating device 2.
- the sheet 4 is conductively heated by passing the sheet between at least two roller-shaped electrodes set in rotation and conductively heating them by means of these electrodes.
- the heated by the conductive heating device 2 sheet 4 is then fed via a further automatic transport device 23 of the pressing device 3.
- the still heated by the conductive heating process sheet 4 is formed by means of a pressing operation or a press hardening process and thereby solidified by targeted cooling at least in some areas in the desired manner.
- a three-dimensional component 5 is produced, which is shown by way of example in FIG. 1 in the form of a B pillar of a motor vehicle.
- Each of the transport devices 61, 12, 23 can be designed, for example, as an industrial robot, as a conveyor belt or other conveyor, and also as a combination thereof.
- the sheet 4 has relatively significant changes over its longitudinal extent (in the vertical direction) in terms of the width and thus of the sheet metal cross section.
- the sheet width changes from a value a almost abruptly to a value that is essentially only half as large b.
- This significant change in the sheet cross-section presents a particular challenge in conductive heating, which is achieved in a particularly efficient manner by the present invention.
- FIG. 2 shows the conductive heating device 2 in side view.
- Recognizable are two roller-shaped electrodes 20 which are rotatably mounted and rotate in opposite directions of rotation, as indicated by the curved arrows.
- the electrodes 20 may be e.g. be placed in the rotary motion by motor. It is advantageous to guide the sheet 4 through the electrodes 20 at a uniform speed.
- the sheet 4 may be continuous or discontinuous, e.g. gradually, moving forward.
- the sheet 4 is guided in the direction indicated by the arrow pointing to the right through a feed gap formed between the electrodes 20, wherein the electrodes 20 abut against the sheet 4 with a certain contact pressure.
- the electrodes 20 are connected to an electrical power supply 24, e.g. a controllable voltage source, electrically connected.
- the power supply device 24 feeds the current required for the conductive heating of the sheet 4 into the electrodes 20.
- a current density control device 23 is provided.
- This current density control device 23 has a voltage measuring device which detects the voltage applied directly to the electrodes 20, ie the potential difference between the electrodes 20, via separate lines.
- the current density control device 23 generates a control signal that is supplied to the power supply device 24.
- the voltage applied by the power supply device 24 to the electrodes 20 can be influenced via the control signal in such a way that ultimately the current density remains the same even with a varying cross-sectional area of the metal sheet.
- the conductive heating device 2 may further comprise a contact pressure regulating device 22, which keeps the contact pressure of the electrodes 20 to the sheet 4 constant.
- the contact pressure control device 22 can act directly on the electrodes 20, or indirectly via support rollers 21, which serve to support the electrodes 20.
- the support rollers 20 may be e.g. have an elastic coating on the outer circumference.
- an optical sensor means 26 may be provided, e.g. in the form of laser distance meters, by which the respective sheet width is detected before reaching the electrode 20 in each case and is supplied as a corresponding input signal to the current density control device 23.
- the present invention a particularly uniform conductive heating of the sheet 4 is possible.
- the high resistance of the sheet 4 in comparison with the electrodes 20 results in a circuit arrangement in which the current flows off uniformly over the cross section of the sheet 4 and accordingly uniformly conductively heats it.
- the electrodes 20 have substantially a line contact with the sheet 4.
- a conductive heating is carried out by the current flowing through it.
- the electrodes 20 are rotated about their rotatable mounting and a new strip of the sheet 4 is placed between the electrodes 20. This new strip may have a differently dimensioned cross-section, but this is compensated by the current density control device 23.
- the electrodes 20 may include a cooling device, e.g. a liquid cooling. In this way, a relatively wear-free and thus continuous heating of the sheets 4 can be ensured.
- a cooling device e.g. a liquid cooling.
- FIG. 4 shows, as further features of the conductive heating device, a holding chamber 26 downstream of the electrodes 20.
- the holding chamber 26 may be preheated, for example.
- the holding chamber 26 minimizes cooling of the preceding section of the sheet 4 during the passage of the sheet 4 through the electrodes 20.
- FIG. 5 shows, in a side view, a detail of the cylindrical electrodes 20 and the sheet 4 guided between the electrodes 20.
- the electrodes 20 have an outer structured surface with elevations 30, which lift off against lower lying areas 31 of the surface of the electrode 20.
- FIG. 6 shows the arrangement according to FIG. 5 in a further enlarged detail view.
- the current flow I through the sheet 4 is shown in particular by way of example. It can be seen that the flow direction of the current flow I not only extends vertically, but has an essential component in the horizontal direction, ie in this case in the longitudinal direction of the sheet 4. This makes the path that the electric current flow I must travel through the sheet 4, increased in comparison to the thickness of the sheet 4, so that the effective ohmic resistance of the sheet 4, which is used for conductive heating, is increased.
- FIG. 7 once again shows, by way of example, the metal sheet 4 with the corresponding dimensions and directions.
- the sheet 4 has a thickness dimension D. This is comparatively small to the length dimension L (corresponding to the longitudinal direction) and to the transverse dimension Q (corresponding to the transverse direction).
- the insulation regions 31 and the non-insulation regions 30 do not necessarily have to be arranged offset to one another only in the longitudinal direction L. They may alternatively or additionally also be arranged offset to one another in the transverse direction Q.
- the electrodes 20 may be formed on their outer surface like a spur gear or helical gear. In the latter case, the isolation regions and non-isolation regions may accordingly extend diagonally across the surface of the electrode 20.
- the non-insulating regions can also be punctiform or island-shaped, for example in a plan view with a round or angular contour. For example, a hexagonal contour can be realized.
- FIG. 8 shows a conductive heating device with a movable current transmission element 40 which has a first contact surface 41 and a second contact surface 42 for alternating electrical contacting of the cylindrical electrode 20.
- frame-shaped power transmission element 40 can be moved in a first direction of movement 43 and a second direction of movement 44 perpendicular thereto.
- the current transfer element can be carried along with the first or second contact surface 41, 42 resting on the electrode 20 with the surface movement of the electrode 20.
- the current transmission element performs a kind of rocking movement, which is to be indicated in the figure 8 by the second position of the power transmission element 40 shown in dashed lines. The exact sequence of movements will be described below with reference to FIG. 11.
- the power transmission element 40 is connected via a flexible electrical lead 46 to a stationary electrical power source 45, e.g. a transformer connected.
- a stationary electrical power source 45 e.g. a transformer connected.
- FIG. 8 has shown the illustrated arrangement in a side view
- FIG. 9 shows the illustrated arrangement in a front view, in which the cylindrical electrodes 20 can be seen in a side view. It can be seen that each of the electrodes 20 is connected to the electrical energy source 45 via its own power transmission element 40.
- the respective power transmission element 40 is connected via the flexible line 46 to a fixed power transmission block 47.
- the respective power transmission block 47 is connected via an electrical line 49 to a connection terminal 48. About the two terminals 48, the electrical energy is provided by the electric power source 45.
- FIG. 10 shows an alternative embodiment with the movable power transmission elements 40. These are electrically contacted via current transmission blocks 50 coupled to the electrical energy source 45. In this case will the movement of the power transmission elements 40 is also performed by the electric power source 45 and the power transmission blocks 50.
- FIG. 11 shows the sequence of the rocking motion of a current transmission element 40 in four cycles a, b, c, d.
- state a first the first contact surface 41 is coupled to the electrode 20.
- the current transfer element 40 moves in the first direction of movement 43, until the position in Figure b is reached.
- the current transfer element 40 is moved in the second direction of movement 44, so that, as the figure shows c, now the second contact surface 42, the electrode 20 contacted.
- the current transfer element 40 is then again moved in the opposite direction in the first direction of movement until the position shown in FIG. Now again, a movement of the current transfer element 40 in the second direction of movement, in such a way that again the state in Figure a is reached.
- the current transmission element 40 may be formed entirely or at least on its first and second contact surface 41, 42 made of copper.
- FIG. 12 shows, in a similar view to FIG. 2, a conductive heating device in which only one roller-shaped electrode 20 is provided for conductive heating of the sheet 4.
- a counterelectrode for the guidance of the current through the sheet 4 may optionally be present a flow electrode 63 or a trailing electrode 64, it may also be both electrodes 63, 64 are present, as Figure 12 shows.
- the sheet 4 is thereby guided along the electrode 20, which rotates as in the embodiments described above.
- a counter-roller 60 is provided, which is of comparable cylindrical shape as the electrode 20.
- the counter roller 60 is electrically neutral, ie it is not with a connected electrical energy source.
- a first electrical energy source 61 for example a direct current source, connected on the one hand to the electrode 20 and on the other hand to the feed electrode 63.
- a second electrical energy source 62 eg also a direct current source, is connected to the electrode 20 and the trailing electrode 64.
- the first electrical energy source 61 the sheet 4 can thus be conductively heated in the region between the flow electrode 63 and the point of contact between the electrode 20 and the sheet 4.
- the second electrical energy source 62 a conductive heating of the sheet 4 between the point of contact of the sheet 4 with the electrode 20 and the trailing electrode 64 can take place.
- the electrical energy sources 61, 62 in this case have a common potential. This potential is set to a certain value, as in the case of several simultaneous resistance spot welds on a body, if no common ground or earth ground is provided.
- this rolling process can already be performed by the electrode 20 and the counter roller 60, if a corresponding contact force between these rollers is produced.
- separate rollers 65 may be present, which either continue and support a rolling process already carried out by the counter roller 60 and the electrode 20, or carry out a separate rolling operation of the sheet 4.
- the rollers 65 may optionally be arranged in the direction of movement of the sheet 4 in front of the electrode 20 and / or behind the electrode 20.
- these electrodes 63, 64 may be designed as fixed, ie immovable, electrodes, such as sliding contacts, or also as rotating cylindrical electrodes.
- FIG. 12 shows, by way of example only, a contacting by the lead-in electrode 63 and the trailing electrode 64 on one side of the sheet (in this case underside), likewise contacting on the opposite side of the sheet Sheet metal possible.
- a double contact ie by arranging a lead electrode 63 on both sides of the sheet, and / or a trailing electrode 64 on both sides of the sheet.
- the respective electrodes may be directly opposite to each other on the sheet or removed from each other. Diagonal contacting in particular is advantageous in this case because it ensures uniform ohmic resistances and thus homogeneous heating.
- FIG. 13 shows a further variant of a conductive heating device, which is based on the variant of FIG. Here is an additional electrical
- Power source 24 is provided, which is connected between two acting as electrodes 20 rollers. In this way, an additional heating of the sheet 4 between the electrodes 20 is possible.
- the described device can advantageously be combined with the previously described embodiments of the device.
- the current transmission arrangements according to FIGS. 8 to 11 can advantageously be combined therewith.
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Abstract
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Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE102017104494.9A DE102017104494B4 (de) | 2017-03-03 | 2017-03-03 | Verfahren zur Umformung eines Blechs und Fertigungsanlage mit konduktiver Erwärmungseinrichtung |
DE102017115900 | 2017-07-14 | ||
DE102017130510 | 2017-12-19 | ||
PCT/EP2018/055059 WO2018158374A1 (de) | 2017-03-03 | 2018-03-01 | Verfahren zur umformung eines blechs, fertigungsanlage sowie konduktive erwärmungseinrichtung |
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DE102020125946A1 (de) | 2020-10-05 | 2022-04-07 | HEGGEMANN Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zur Bearbeitung einer elektrisch leitfähigen Blechplatine |
CN113186374A (zh) * | 2021-04-30 | 2021-07-30 | 华中科技大学 | 一种高温紧邻金属热处理装置及方法 |
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DE102014102033B4 (de) | 2014-02-18 | 2016-09-22 | Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover | Verfahren zum konduktiven Erwärmen eines Blechs und Erwärmungseinrichtung dafür |
JP6450608B2 (ja) * | 2015-03-05 | 2019-01-09 | 高周波熱錬株式会社 | 加熱方法及び加熱装置並びにプレス成形品の作製方法 |
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