EP3587741A1 - Segment ring for mounting in a turbomachine - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a segment ring (25) for assembly in a turbomachine (1), which is divided into segments (35, 36, 40) all around in relation to an annular axis of the segment ring (25), the segment ring (25) for assembly is designed from the radially inside, the segments (35, 36, 40) can thus be assembled radially outwards to form the segment ring (25), with at least two circumferentially adjacent segments (35, 36, 40) adjoining each other in one joint (45) A sealing insert (46) is provided, for which purpose a pocket (50, 51) which is open towards the joint (45) is formed in the at least two circumferentially next adjacent segments (35, 36, 40), i.e. on the joint (45) two circumferentially facing pockets (50, 51) are provided, the sealing insert (46) being arranged in the two facing pockets (50, 51) and being held axially therein and extending circumferentially over the joint (45), and with one (50) of the two together he facing pockets (50, 51) is also open in a radial direction such that this segment (35, 40) can be pushed radially onto the sealing insert (46).

Description

Technical field

The present invention relates to a segment ring for mounting in a turbomachine.

State of the art

The turbomachine can, for example, be a jet engine, e.g. B. a turbofan engine. The fluid machine is functionally divided into a compressor, combustion chamber and turbine. In the case of the jet engine, for example, the air drawn in is compressed by the compressor and burned in the downstream combustion chamber with added kerosene. The resulting hot gas, a mixture of combustion gas and air, flows through the downstream turbine and is expanded in the process. The turbine is typically subdivided into several modules, so it can have, for example, a high-pressure and a low-pressure turbine module. Each of the turbine modules then generally comprises a number of stages, each stage being composed of a guide vane ring and a rotor blade ring which follows downstream.

The segment ring in question is intended for assembly in a turbomachine, for example in a turbine module. It can be attached to a housing part, for example, and then carry a jacket ring segment arranged radially on the inside of the housing part. Such a jacket ring segment limits the gas channel to the outside at the axial height of a rotor blade ring; it can be equipped radially on the inside, for example, with a sealing system or an inlet lining. This is intended to illustrate the present subject matter or a preferred application thereof, but initially not to restrict it in its generality (the segment ring can also perform another assembly function in the turbomachine).

Presentation of the invention

The present invention is based on the technical problem of specifying a particularly advantageous segment ring.

This is achieved according to the invention with the segment ring according to claim 1. This is designed for assembly or assembly from the radially inside to the outside and is divided into segments all round. A sealing insert is used to reduce leakage at a joint where two circumferentially adjacent segments adjoin each other. For this purpose, a pocket which is open towards the joint is formed in each of the two segments and the sealing insert is located therein. It is held axially in the pockets and bridges the shock, thus blocking gap flows and increasing tightness.

One of the mutually facing pockets is also open not only towards the butt, but also in a radial direction. This is advantageous with regard to the radial assembly of the segment ring, in particular complete and / or closed segment ring, namely the corresponding segment can be pushed radially onto the sealing insert, in particular without a simultaneous displacement in a non-radial direction and / or for the sliding on would be required in the axial direction and / or in particular to provide the complete and / or closed segment ring. The segmentation and the assembly from the radially inside on the one hand open up interesting assembly options, on the other hand, by additionally sealing a joint between two segments, any leakage can nevertheless be limited. Due to the inventive design of the pockets, the joint can be closed with a sealing insert, which offers an efficient seal, but assembly from the radially inside remains possible.

Preferred embodiments can be found in the dependent claims and the entire disclosure, with the features not always always making a distinction in detail between device and method or use aspects becomes; in any case, the disclosure is to be read implicitly with regard to all claim categories. In particular, it is always to be read both on the segment ring and on an arrangement or a module with such a segment ring, and also on corresponding uses.

In the context of this disclosure, “axially” generally relates to the ring axis of the segment ring. In the assembled state, that is to say in the turbomachine or a module thereof, the ring axis typically coincides with the longitudinal axis of the turbomachine or the axis of rotation about which the rotor blade rings rotate. "Radial" relates to the radial directions perpendicular to the ring or longitudinal axis, pointing away therefrom, and a "revolution" or "circumferential" or the "revolution direction" concern the rotation about the axis. "Front" and "rear" refer to the axial flow direction component of the hot gas, so this passes "front" parts axially in front of "rear" parts. In the context of this disclosure, "one" and "one" are to be read as indefinite articles without expressly stated otherwise and therefore always as "at least one" or "at least one". It is primarily referred to "one" impact and the pocket which is radially opened there. Overall, there are multiple or multiple joints all around, preferably a sealing insert being arranged on each of them. In principle, this could also be achieved with pockets that are only open all around at the other joints (the segment with the radially open pocket is placed last), but preferably all sealing inserts of the segment ring are each arranged in a radially open pocket.

The segment ring or its segments can be produced from a forged ring, for example, by turning and milling. The segments can also be cast parts (in connection with post-processing of the functional surfaces). Finally, additive manufacturing is also possible, ie the segment ring or segments can be constructed additively layer by layer from a previously formless or neutral material. The pockets can already be taken into account in the original design, but they can also be inserted to remove material, e.g. eroded (spark eroding).

Due to the radially open pocket, the corresponding segment can be pushed radially onto the sealing insert. For this purpose, the pocket is aligned in the direction of insertion in which the segment or segments are assembled. The direction of insertion can generally also have an axial component (for example when viewed in an axial section they are not tilted by more than 30 ° to the radial direction), and is preferably perpendicular to the axial direction. In principle, the radially open pocket can also be opened radially inwards (and closed radially outwards); during assembly, this segment would then be placed first and then the other segment together with the sealing insert, which would be arranged in its closed pocket and would slide into the pocket which is open radially inwards.

In a preferred embodiment, however, the radially open pocket is open radially outwards and closed radially inwards. The segment with this pocket can accordingly be pushed onto the sealing insert from the radial inside, which is already positioned in the pocket of the other segment. In the assembled state, the sealing insert, in contrast to a pocket that is open radially inwards, is then secured in both pockets against falling out inwards and outwards, since the open pocket is directed against the housing wall.

In a preferred embodiment, the radially closed pocket is closed radially inwards and radially outwards. The radially open pocket is therefore preferably opened in exactly one radial direction, preferably radially outwards, and the other pocket is closed in both radial directions. The sealing insert is thus kept largely captive even before the segments are assembled in the closed pocket. To protect against falling out, a grease can generally be used during assembly, which holds the sealing insert like an adhesive.

With a view to this, the closed pocket is dimensioned in a preferred embodiment such that its depth taken perpendicular to the joint corresponds to at least 0.1 times its height taken parallel to the joint. The pocket is dimensioned in such a way that the sealing insert cannot unscrew before the segments are assembled. Further preferred lower limits of the Depths are at least 0.2, 0.3 or 0.4 times the height, with possible (independent) upper limits at z. B. at most 2, 1.5, 1 or 0.8 times the height.

In a preferred embodiment, the sealing insert is a sealing plate.

The sealing insert, in particular the sealing plate, which is, for example, a planar sealing plate, preferably seals off the joint and / or a segment gap between the circumferentially adjacent segments in the axial direction. In the case of a planar sealing sheet, the axial direction is preferably normal to or substantially normal to the sheet plane, i.e. with a maximum deviation of 10 °, in particular 5 °, for exactly normal orientation.

In a preferred embodiment, a securing ring is provided, on which the segments of the segment ring are supported in a radially inward manner. For this purpose, the locking ring can extend uninterrupted in the circumferential direction. The locking ring is preferably pressed axially into a receptacle in the segment ring and held by an interference fit. The segment ring preferably forms a radially protruding projection on the receptacle, behind which the retaining ring is held in an axially positive manner. The projection is dimensioned such that the locking ring can be pressed in axially, but is then secured axially in the opposite direction. This is preferably supported by an inclined flank (sawtooth profile), along which the locking ring slides when pressed in.

The embodiments described below relate to the orientation or extent of the abutting edges with which the segments of the segment ring adjoin one another in a respective abutment. Two circumferentially next adjacent segments have mutually complementary butt edges at the respective butt.

In a preferred embodiment, one of two adjoining segments has abutting edges which are parallel to one another and thus to an insertion direction of this segment (viewed in the axial direction). Such a segment can be pushed in radially outwards, even if the two adjacent segments are already positioned. With respect to the segment ring as a whole, the mutually parallel abutting edges are preferably oriented in such a way that they or their extensions border the ring axis in the center towards the opposite side of the segment ring.

In a preferred embodiment, such a segment, with abutting edges parallel to one another, has a pocket on both circumferential sides, each with a sealing insert therein. These two pockets are preferably each open radially outwards and closed radially inwards. Preferably, every second segment has mutually parallel abutting edges in the circumferential direction. These segments are preferably identical to one another and the complementary segments arranged between them are also identical to one another, so that the entire segment ring can be constructed using only two different segment types.

In another preferred embodiment, the segments are or are set up in such a way that the segment ring can ideally be constructed from only a single segment ring type. For this purpose, one of the segments adjoining the joint has an abutting edge oblique to the radial direction. Specifically, the oblique butt edge forms an angle α of at least 85 ° and at most 110 ° with a connecting line that extends diagonally through the segment to the outer corner of the oblique butt edge. Further preferred upper limits are at most 100 ° or 95 °, further preferred lower limits are (irrespective of this) at least 88 ° or 90 ° (in the order in which they are mentioned increasingly preferred). By appropriately limiting the angle α, the segment can also be used when the circumferentially next-adjacent segments are already arranged in their assembly position. The segment can first be brought into position with the opposite butt edge and then, as it were, turned into a system with the oblique butt edge, cf. Figure 4 for illustration.

In a preferred embodiment, the segment on this oblique abutting edge is equipped with the pocket which is open radially outwards (and closed radially inwards).

Such a segment can, as described in the previous paragraph, first be hooked in with the opposite abutting edge and then screwed into its mounting position, the sealing insert sliding into the radially open pocket of the segment. All segments are preferably of identical construction, that is to say rotationally symmetrical about the ring or longitudinal axis. Handling only a single segment ring type can simplify assembly and storage.

The invention also relates to a segment ring arrangement with a segment ring disclosed here and a mounting part, preferably a housing part. The segment ring is or is axially positively mounted on the mounting part, specifically a form-locking element thereof. For this purpose, the individual segments are each assembled radially outward with the form-locking element. A jacket ring segment is preferably mounted radially on the inside of the housing part, see also the comments at the beginning. The segment ring is used for the assembly of the jacket ring segment; the segment ring is mounted on the housing part, and the jacket ring segment is then supported on it radially inwards. This structure can be advantageous with regard to the thermal gradients (in particular in the housing area), and assembly and disassembly from the front axially is also possible.

The invention also relates to a turbine module with such a segment ring arrangement, a rotor blade ring being arranged radially within the jacket ring segment. The segment ring arrangement is preferably provided at the axially front end of the turbine module. In the course of an overhaul, the modules can be separated from one another comparatively easily on the one hand, so that they are then also accessible from the front axially; on the other hand, the components arranged axially at the front can also be particularly stressed and therefore need to be overhauled.

The invention also relates to the use of a turbine module or a segment ring or a corresponding segment ring arrangement in a turbomachine, in particular in a jet engine, for example a turbofan engine.

Brief description of the drawings

The invention is explained in more detail below on the basis of an exemplary embodiment, the individual features within the framework of the subordinate claims also being essential to the invention in a different combination and furthermore not being distinguished in detail between the different claim categories.

Figur 1

ein Mantelstromtriebwerk in einem Axialschnitt;

Figur 2

eine erfindungsgemäße Mantelringanordnung als Teil des Mantelstromtriebwerks gemäß Figur 1 in einem Axialschnitt;

Figur 3

einen Ausschnitt eines Segmentrings der Anordnung gemäß Figur 2 in einem Schnitt senkrecht zur axialen Richtung;

Figur 4

als Alternative zu Figur 3 eine weitere Möglichkeit zur Orientierung der Stoßkanten der einzelnen Segmente.

In detail shows

Figure 1

a turbofan engine in an axial section;

Figure 2

a jacket ring arrangement according to the invention as part of the turbofan engine according to Figure 1 in an axial section;

Figure 3

a section of a segment ring according to the arrangement Figure 2 in a section perpendicular to the axial direction;

Figure 4

as an alternative to Figure 3 another way of orienting the abutting edges of the individual segments.

Preferred embodiment of the invention

Fig. 1 shows a turbomachine 1, specifically a turbofan engine, in an axial section. The flow machine 1 is functionally divided into a compressor 1a, a combustion chamber 1b and a turbine 1c. Both the compressor 1a and the turbine 1c are each made up of several stages, each stage being composed of a guide vane ring and a subsequent rotor blade ring. The rotor blades rotate during operation about the longitudinal axis 2 of the turbomachine 1. The air sucked in is compressed in the compressor 1a and then burned in the downstream combustion chamber 1b with added kerosene. The hot gas flows through the hot gas duct 3 and drives the rotor blades, which rotate about the longitudinal axis 2.

Fig. 2 shows a jacket ring arrangement 20, which is provided as part of a module of the turbine 1c. It has a housing part 21 and a jacket ring segment 22 a seal 23 is arranged radially on the inside, in the present case a honeycomb seal. The jacket ring segment 22 surrounds the blades 24 radially outward.

To mount the jacket ring segment 22 on the housing part 21, a segment ring 25 is provided, which is divided into a plurality of segments in the circumferential direction (cf. Fig. 3 and 4 ). The individual segments of the segment ring 25 are assembled from the inside radially with a form-locking element 26 of the housing part 21. The form-locking element 26 is provided in the present case as a radially inwardly projecting housing web onto which the segments of the segment ring 25 are pushed and are then held in an axially positive manner. The segment ring 25 forms a support 27 which supports the jacket ring segment 22 radially inward at its axially front end. To hold the segments of the segment ring 25 radially in position, a locking ring 28 is used. This extends circumferentially without interruption and is pressed axially into a receptacle 29 of the segment ring 25. In the receptacle 29, it is held axially positively behind a projection 30.

A bore 31 is provided in the form-locking element 26 or the housing web of the housing part 21, which can be used (and is optional) for supplying a cooling fluid. Furthermore, the shielding plates 32 arranged radially between the housing part 21 and the casing ring segment 22 are optional; the approach according to the invention could also be realized with an insulating material or the like between the housing part 21 and the casing ring segment 22.

Fig. 3 shows the segment ring 25 in a section perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 2 (for the sake of clarity without hatching), namely a section of the segment ring 25 with segments 35, 36 Butt 45, a sealing insert 46 is provided, namely a sealing plate. A pocket 50, 51 is formed on the joint 45 in each of the segments 35, 36 for receiving it. (The sealing insert 46 is also in accordance with the section Fig. 2 recognizable.)

The pocket 51 in the segment 36 is closed radially inwards and outwards Sealing insert 46 is inserted in the direction of rotation. The pocket 50 in the segment 35, on the other hand, is only closed radially inwardly, but is open radially outwards. During assembly, the segment 36 with the sealing insert 46 is first positioned, then the segment 35 with its mutually parallel abutting edges 35a can be inserted from the radially inside, the sealing insert 46 sliding into the pocket 50 which is open radially outwards. The segment 35 is constructed symmetrically, that is to say has a further pocket which is open radially at the other end on the circumferential side.

Fig. 4 shows one too Fig. 3 alternative design of segments 40, in which case the entire segment ring 25 can be constructed from a single segment ring type. For this purpose, an abutting edge 40a of the segment 40 lies at an angle to a connecting line 41 such that the angle α is approximately 90 °. In this case too, a sealing insert 46 is arranged in a segment 40 in a pocket 50 that is open radially outwards and in the other segment 40 in a radially closed pocket 51 on a respective joint 45 at which two segments 40 adjoin one another the sealing insert 46 is positioned, then the other segment 40, as in FIG Fig. 4 shown, rotated into its mounting position. <B> LIST OF REFERENCES </ b> flow machine 1 compressor 1a combustion chamber 1b turbine 1c longitudinal axis 2 Hot gas duct 3 Shroud assembly 20 housing part 21 Shroud segment 22 poetry 23 blades 24 segment ring 25 Form-fitting element 26 edition 27 circlip 28 admission 29 head Start 30 drilling 31 shielding 32 segment 35 impact edge 35a segment 36 impact edge 36a segment 40 impact edge 40a connecting line 41 shock 45 sealing insert 46 Bags 50, 51

Claims (15)

Segment ring (25) for mounting in a turbomachine (1),
which, based on a ring axis of the segment ring (25), is divided all the way into segments (35, 36, 40),
the segment ring (25) being designed for installation from the radially inside, the segments (35, 36, 40) thus being able to be assembled radially outwards to form the segment ring (25),
wherein at least two circumferentially next adjacent segments (35, 36, 40) adjoin each other in a joint (45) on which a sealing insert (46) is provided,
for which purpose a pocket (50, 51) which is open towards the joint (45) is formed in each of the at least two circumferentially next adjacent segments (35, 36, 40), that is to say on the joint (45) two circumferentially facing pockets (50, 51 ) are provided
wherein the sealing insert (46) is arranged in the two mutually facing pockets (50, 51) and is held axially therein and extends circumferentially over the joint (45),
and one (50) of the two mutually facing pockets (50, 51) is also open in a radial direction such that this segment (35, 40) can be pushed radially onto the sealing insert (46). Segment ring (25) according to claim 1, in which the radially open pocket (50) is closed radially inwards and is open radially outwards, this segment (35, 40) can therefore be pushed onto the sealing insert (46) from the radially inside. Segment ring (25) according to Claim 1 or 2, in which the other (51) of the two mutually facing pockets (50, 51) is closed radially inwards and radially outwards. A segment ring (25) according to claim 3, wherein the radially inward and radially outward closed pocket (51) has a depth taken perpendicular to the joint (45) which is at least 0.1 times its parallel to the joint (45) taken height corresponds. Segment ring (25) according to one of the preceding claims, in which the sealing insert (46) is a sealing plate and / or in which the sealing insert (46) seals the joint (45) in the axial direction. Segment ring (25) according to one of the preceding claims with a locking ring (28) on which the segments (35, 36, 40) are supported in a radially inward manner. Segment ring (25) according to one of the preceding claims, in which one (35) of the two adjacent segments (35, 36) on the joint (45) and circumferentially opposite each have a joint edge (35a) and these joint edges (35a) in the axial direction seen parallel to each other. Segment ring (25) according to claims 2 and 7, in which the radially inwardly closed and radially outwardly open pocket (50) is provided in the segment (35) with the mutually parallel abutting edges (35a), in which segment (35 ) there is also a circumferentially opposite pocket which is closed radially inwards and is open to the radially outside and in which a further sealing insert (46) is arranged. Segment ring (25) according to one of Claims 1 to 6, in which one of the two adjoining segments (40) on the joint (45) has an oblique joint edge (40a) which, viewed in the axial direction, has a connecting line (41) which extends between an intersection of the oblique abutting edge (40a) with an outer circumferential line of the segment ring (25) and an intersection an opposite abutting edge of this segment with an inner circumferential line of the segment ring (25), includes an angle α which is at least 85 ° and at most 110 °. Segment ring (25) according to claims 2 and 9, in which the pocket (50), which is closed radially inwards at the joint (45) of the two adjoining segments (40) and is open towards the radially outwards, on the oblique joint edge (40a ) is arranged, that is in the segment (40) with the abutting edge (40a) on the joint (45). Segment ring (25) according to claim 9 or 10, in which all segments (40) of the segment ring (25) are identical to one another. Segment ring arrangement for a turbomachine (1), with
a segment ring (25) according to one of the preceding claims and an assembly part with a form-locking element (26) on which the segment ring (25) is arranged in an axially positive manner,
for which the segments (35, 36, 40) of the segment ring (25) are each assembled radially outwards with the form-locking element (26). Segment ring arrangement according to claim 12 with a jacket ring segment (22) which is provided to surround a rotor blade ring of the turbomachine (1) radially outward, the mounting part on which the segment ring (25) is axially positively mounted is a housing part (21) , and wherein the jacket ring segment (22) is mounted radially inside the housing part (21) in that the segment ring (25) forms a support (27) on which the jacket ring segment (22) is supported with an axially front end supported radially inwards. Turbine module with a segment ring arrangement according to claim 13 and with a rotor blade ring, which surrounds the shroud segment (22) radially outward, the segment ring arrangement and thus the segment ring (25) are preferably arranged at an axially front end of the turbine module. Use of a segment ring (25) according to one of claims 1 to 11, a segment ring arrangement according to claim 12 or 13 or a turbine module according to claim 14 in a turbomachine (1), in particular in a jet engine.

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