EP3585723B1 - Mems- oder nems-vorrichtung mit gestapeltem stoppelement - Google Patents

Mems- oder nems-vorrichtung mit gestapeltem stoppelement Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3585723B1
EP3585723B1 EP18731506.4A EP18731506A EP3585723B1 EP 3585723 B1 EP3585723 B1 EP 3585723B1 EP 18731506 A EP18731506 A EP 18731506A EP 3585723 B1 EP3585723 B1 EP 3585723B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
planar
electrode
stop element
distance
electrodes
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EP18731506.4A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3585723A1 (de
Inventor
Guillaume Jérôme François LEHEE
Philippe Serge Claude ONFROY
Mikael COLIN
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Safran SA
Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA
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Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique CEA
Safran SA
Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B81—MICROSTRUCTURAL TECHNOLOGY
    • B81B—MICROSTRUCTURAL DEVICES OR SYSTEMS, e.g. MICROMECHANICAL DEVICES
    • B81B3/00—Devices comprising flexible or deformable elements, e.g. comprising elastic tongues or membranes
    • B81B3/0035—Constitution or structural means for controlling the movement of the flexible or deformable elements
    • B81B3/0051—For defining the movement, i.e. structures that guide or limit the movement of an element
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B81—MICROSTRUCTURAL TECHNOLOGY
    • B81B—MICROSTRUCTURAL DEVICES OR SYSTEMS, e.g. MICROMECHANICAL DEVICES
    • B81B3/00—Devices comprising flexible or deformable elements, e.g. comprising elastic tongues or membranes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82B—NANOSTRUCTURES FORMED BY MANIPULATION OF INDIVIDUAL ATOMS, MOLECULES, OR LIMITED COLLECTIONS OF ATOMS OR MOLECULES AS DISCRETE UNITS; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT THEREOF
    • B82B1/00—Nanostructures formed by manipulation of individual atoms or molecules, or limited collections of atoms or molecules as discrete units
    • B82B1/006—Controlling the movement of the flexible or movable, e.g. slidable or rotatable, elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B81—MICROSTRUCTURAL TECHNOLOGY
    • B81B—MICROSTRUCTURAL DEVICES OR SYSTEMS, e.g. MICROMECHANICAL DEVICES
    • B81B2201/00—Specific applications of microelectromechanical systems
    • B81B2201/02—Sensors
    • B81B2201/0228—Inertial sensors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B81—MICROSTRUCTURAL TECHNOLOGY
    • B81B—MICROSTRUCTURAL DEVICES OR SYSTEMS, e.g. MICROMECHANICAL DEVICES
    • B81B2201/00—Specific applications of microelectromechanical systems
    • B81B2201/03—Microengines and actuators
    • B81B2201/033—Comb drives
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B81—MICROSTRUCTURAL TECHNOLOGY
    • B81B—MICROSTRUCTURAL DEVICES OR SYSTEMS, e.g. MICROMECHANICAL DEVICES
    • B81B2203/00—Basic microelectromechanical structures
    • B81B2203/01—Suspended structures, i.e. structures allowing a movement
    • B81B2203/0136—Comb structures
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B81—MICROSTRUCTURAL TECHNOLOGY
    • B81B—MICROSTRUCTURAL DEVICES OR SYSTEMS, e.g. MICROMECHANICAL DEVICES
    • B81B2203/00—Basic microelectromechanical structures
    • B81B2203/04—Electrodes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
    • G01P15/00—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration
    • G01P15/02—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration by making use of inertia forces using solid seismic masses
    • G01P15/08—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration by making use of inertia forces using solid seismic masses with conversion into electric or magnetic values
    • G01P2015/0862—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration by making use of inertia forces using solid seismic masses with conversion into electric or magnetic values being provided with particular means being integrated into a MEMS accelerometer structure for providing particular additional functionalities to those of a spring mass system
    • G01P2015/0871—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration by making use of inertia forces using solid seismic masses with conversion into electric or magnetic values being provided with particular means being integrated into a MEMS accelerometer structure for providing particular additional functionalities to those of a spring mass system using stopper structures for limiting the travel of the seismic mass

Definitions

  • the present invention falls within the technical field of electromechanical devices, in particular MEMS (for Micro Electro-Mechanical Systems) or NEMS (for Nano Electro-Mechanical Systems), in particular those comprising mobile elements of millimetric, micrometric, or even nanometric dimensions. electrically polarized, such as electrostatic sensors or actuators.
  • Electrostatic actuators comprising two electrodes comprising at least one planar zone and facing each other, to which a different voltage is applied, are known per se. It is also known to use interdigital combs as electrodes in such an actuator, for example to cover a greater displacement amplitude.
  • a failure mode to be avoided is micro-arcing: an electric arc can appear when differently polarized mobile elements are polarized by high potential levels (typically several tens of volts), and/or when the mobile elements are not far apart. from each other (typically on the order of a micrometer, or less). On the other hand, these mobile elements and the neighboring elements are liable to be damaged by violent and/or repeated shocks.
  • a known solution for two such mobile planar elements arranged on the same plane, consists in implementing mechanically robust rigid or flexible abutment elements on the zone where said elements mobiles are likely to come into contact.
  • the adhesion forces which depend on the contact surface, are therefore limited.
  • the patent application US 2015/0033849 A1 describes a device that can be implemented within a MEMS inertial sensor, comprising a moving planar mass and a facing parallel detection plate.
  • the mobile mass and the detection plate are placed at different electrical potentials.
  • the detection plate carries abutment elements oriented in a direction substantially perpendicular to the plane of the detection plate. Said abutment elements are electrically insulated from the detection plate and placed at the same potential as that of the opposite moving mass.
  • this solution is only relevant if the relative movement of the mobile elements takes place out of plane, with a component in the direction perpendicular to the flat mobile elements (vertical in this example) which can produce contact between two mobile elements with risk of discharge. electrostatic.
  • the present invention proposes an appropriate solution for two coplanar planar electrodes located on the same layer within a MEMS or NEMS device, mobile with respect to each other according to at least a first direction of displacement included in the plane of the electrodes, the electrodes being intended to be placed at different potentials.
  • the solution of the invention ensures the mechanical strength in operation of these two movable elements relative to each other, while preserving their electromechanical functionality, after a vibration or shock event causing their movement in the plane.
  • first planar layer comprising two elements, at least one of which is mobile, polarized differently (typically electrodes) and ensuring between them the required electromechanical functionality
  • additional layer electrically insulated from the first comprising mobile elements relative to each other, mechanically integral with the two elements of the first layer, which can be set in motion in their plane and abut against each other.
  • the invention aims to avoid direct contact between two differently polarized elements whose function is to be preserved, or even to prevent said elements from being close enough to cause a micro-arcing phenomenon. As a result, the mechanical and electrical strength of said elements is ensured even in the event of a vibration or shock event, and even if said elements are made of fragile materials.
  • the invention relates to a MEMS or NEMS device as defined in the claims.
  • the stop can come into contact with said surface of the planar element opposite, and block the bringing together of the two planar electrodes of the first planar layer in the first direction during a stress, in order to prevent them from being too relatives.
  • the stack in an unstressed state as leaving the factory, is arranged so that, if one considers the free excursion distance of the abutment, between the abutment element and the opposite planar element, in the aforementioned first direction of movement of the electrodes, said free excursion distance is less than the minimum distance between any free end of the first planar electrode and an end closest to the second planar electrode, taken along this same first direction.
  • the stop element can then, during an event inducing relative movement of the two electrodes in this same first direction, interrupt said relative movement of the two electrodes before the first electrode is brought into contact with the second.
  • At least one of the planar electrodes of the first layer is made at least partially deformable in the first direction.
  • An electrode deflection distance is then defined as the maximum deformation of the deformable electrode along this same direction, or the sum of the maximum deformations of the two electrodes, if the two electrodes are made deformable along the first direction.
  • the minimum distance between the electrodes is then taken to be greater than the sum of the electrode deflection distance and the first free excursion distance of the electrodes.
  • At least one of the planar elements of the second layer is taken at least partially deformable along the first direction.
  • An arrow distance of flat element is then defined as the maximum deformation of said flat element (for example of the abutment, if said flat element carries an abutment) in this same direction, or the sum of the maximum deformations of the two flat elements, if the two flat elements are assumed to be deformable in the first direction.
  • the minimum distance between the electrodes is then taken to be greater than the sum of the planar element deflection distance and the first free excursion distance of the electrodes.
  • the second planar layer is pierced with a cavity (not emerging, which does not cross the complete stack), practiced at the anchoring of the stop.
  • the second planar layer is pierced with a blind cavity, along the outer edge of the abutment (surface facing the abutment).
  • the deflection distance of planar elements is the sum of the dimensions of the two cavities, or the dimension of the single cavity if only one cavity is used.
  • the first free excursion distance is then defined as the minimum distance between one of the stops and the facing surface in the second layer.
  • the two electrodes are also movable relative to each other in a second direction substantially perpendicular to the first direction, the second direction being parallel to the layers stacking.
  • the first planar element includes a first abutment and the second planar element includes a second abutment.
  • the stack is then configured so that in the unstressed state, any free end of the first flat electrode is, relative to the second flat electrode, at a minimum distance greater than a second free excursion distance which corresponds to the second direction, the second free excursion distance being taken as the minimum distance between the two stops in the second direction.
  • an electrode comprises a flat plate.
  • an electrode comprises an electrostatic comb.
  • FIG. 1 a first embodiment of a layered abutment stack, in a MEMS or NEMS device.
  • the stack is seen from above in figure 1 , along an axis of vision perpendicular to the stack. It is seen from the side figure 2 , in section along a plane perpendicular to the plane of the stack, materialized by the axis A in dotted lines on the figure 1 and by the two dotted axes A of the picture 3 . Finally, it is in exploded perspective view from above on the picture 3 , which indicates two directions parallel to direction A to represent the cut made in picture 2 .
  • a left electrode 10 On a first superjacent layer 1, a left electrode 10 comprises a planar left part in one piece, and a right part forming an electrostatic comb integral with the left part.
  • the left electrode 10 is considered mobile only along a first direction materialized by the axis A.
  • a right electrode 11 Facing the left electrode 10, a right electrode 11 is of similar design, with a flat right part of a single holding and a left part forming two symmetrical lateral electrostatic combs able to enter into electrostatic interaction with the comb of the electrode 10.
  • the right electrode 11 is here considered to be fixed.
  • the two electrodes 10 and 11 are, for example, made of silicon. In the present embodiment, they are considered non-deformable along direction A.
  • the left electrode is polarized differently than the right electrode, so that contact between any of the ends of electrode 10 and any of the ends of electrode 11 can cause a short- circuit and/or an electrostatic discharge, which could irreversibly damage the abutment stack, or even the control/readout electronics due to the short circuit generated. Moreover, risks of failure exist even if the electrodes 10 and 11 are not placed in direct contact, but are brought together by a short distance (of the order of a micrometer), weak enough to create a disruptive field in the air, and cause a micro-arcing phenomenon.
  • a layer 3 constitutes an electrically insulating intermediate layer. This layer is placed under Layer 1 and is only visible on figure 2 and 3 . Within this layer, a left planar insulating surface has been placed under the planar left part of the electrode 10, and a right planar insulating surface under the part plane line of electrode 11. The central part of layer 1 comprising an alternation of teeth of the comb of electrode 10 and of the comb of electrode 11 is left without an underlying insulating element in layer 3.
  • a layer 2 of semiconductor Under layer 3 is arranged a layer 2 of semiconductor. It is this sub-layer 2 which comprises an abutment element.
  • a left planar mobile element 20 is arranged in correspondence of the left electrode 10.
  • the planar mobile element 20 is of the same width, in a direction perpendicular to the direction A, as the electrode 10.
  • the element mobile 20 extends over a greater distance to the right of the figure 1 , towards the opposite electrode 11, than the right edge of the flat left part of the electrode 10.
  • the movable element 20 extends towards the right as far as an abutment element 24, secured to the movable element 20, forming its outer straight edge.
  • the abutment element 24 does not necessarily extend over the entire width of the movable element 20 and of the electrode 10.
  • Stop 24 thus protrudes from movable element 20 in direction A.
  • stop 24 is located directly above electrode 10 and in particular the comb which protrudes from said electrode.
  • the stop 24 could protrude from the movable element 20 at a location which would not be located under the comb.
  • the stop 24 could for example be located under the solid left part of the electrode 10.
  • the movable element 20 is mechanically secured to the electrode 10, in particular in its translational movement in the direction A. In their translational movement in this direction, the movable element 20 and the electrode 10 are held by suspension means 5 implemented on the one hand in the first layer 1, and on the other hand in the second layer 2 (but not in the insulating layer 3). These suspension means 5 allow the electrode 10 and the plane element 20 to translate, while remaining mechanically integral, with respect to a fixed part of the MEMS device located behind the suspension means 5.
  • the left planar insulating surface of layer 3 thus makes electrode 10 mechanically integral with mobile element 20. It also creates electrical insulation between electrode 10 and mobile element 20, in order to ensure that the electrical potentials of elements 10 and 20 are independent at any position of the assembly formed by elements 10 and 20 in direction A.
  • a flat movable element 21 on the right is arranged in vertical correspondence with the right electrode 11.
  • the mobile element 21 extends over a greater distance towards the left, towards the electrode 10, than the right planar part of the right electrode 11, by its left edge 23
  • the movable element 21 is integral with the electrode 11, in particular in its translational movement in the direction A.
  • the straight planar insulating surface of the layer 3 is preferably also integral with the electrode 11 and the movable element 21 .
  • the left edge 23 is therefore opposite the abutment element 24, at a distance D B from the abutment element 24 in the direction A, the distance D B here being a first free excursion distance.
  • the first free excursion distance D B corresponds to the maximum amplitude of displacement in the first direction A of the stop 24 relative to the movable element 23 (and therefore, of the left electrode 10 relative to the right electrode 11).
  • the abutment element 24 interrupts the bringing together in the direction A of these elements abutting against the straight edge 23, to ensure that the electrode 10 is not, in this state of maximum closeness, at a distance from the electrode 11 lower than a distance D2.
  • the distance D 2 of maximum r engagement between the electrodes takes into account the risk of a micro-arcing phenomenon occurring between neighboring ends of the two electrodes 10 and 11.
  • This distance D 2 depends on the conditions of implementation, in particular on the levels of potential implemented at the electrodes 10 and 11. It is typically of the order of a micrometer. This distance D 2 is not visible on the figures 1 to 3 .
  • the minimum distance D min between the electrodes 10 and 11 in an unstressed state (therefore outside the maximum approach state) is thus taken to be greater than the sum of the first free excursion distance D B along the first direction A, and the distance D 2 depending on the conditions of implementation.
  • This distance D min between the electrodes 10 and 11 along the direction A is, in the present example, made between the right edge of the tooth 101 of the comb of the electrode 10 and the left edge of the tooth 102 of the comb of the electrode 11, the references 101 and 102 being visible at the picture 2 of this request.
  • the electrodes may comprise, for example, conventional electrostatic combs of small dimensions, it may be necessary to implement a very small free excursion distance, typically of the order of 5 microns.
  • the contact between the abutment element 24 and the left edge 23 of the right movable element 21 must not present the same risks of short circuit, electrostatic discharge or electrostatic sticking as the contact between two free ends of electrodes 10 and 11, such as ends 101 and 102.
  • all the elements of sub-layer 2 are polarized in the same way.
  • the insulating intermediate layer 3 ensures the independence between the electric potentials of the elements of layer 1 and the electric potentials of the elements of layer 2, although there are dependencies between the positions along the direction A of some of these elements.
  • FIG. 4 a first variant of the first embodiment of the figures 1 to 3 .
  • the stack is seen from above in figure 4 , along an axis of vision perpendicular to the stack on the side in figure 5 , in section along a plane perpendicular to the plane of the stack, materialized by the axis A in dotted lines, and finally seen in exploded perspective seen from above on the figure 6 .
  • the implementation of the layers 1, 2 and 3, the electrodes 10 and 11, and the corresponding planar elements 20 and 21, is similar to that represented on the figures 1 to 3 .
  • the implementation of the abutment 24 protruding from the planar element 20 is also similar, except that the abutment is made flexible with respect to the previous embodiment.
  • a cavity 26 is made at the anchorage of the abutment element 24, with a slight setback relative to the right outer edge of the flat element 20.
  • the cavity 26 is not formed over the entire width of the flat element 20, but it must be formed over a width strictly greater than that of the abutment element 24, in order to ensure the mobility of the abutment 24 with respect to the planar element 20 in the direction A.
  • the cavity 26 thus forms, on either side of the abutment 24, two free embedded blades.
  • the stop 24 is also not deformable in a direction perpendicular to the direction A (vertical in the figure), since it is held by the two free embedded blades on either side of the stop 24.
  • the counterstop ( surface 23 opposite the abutment 24), it remains undeformable in the direction A.
  • the flexible abutment 24 is here formed by two free embedded blades, but could be implemented in any other way known in the electromechanical devices (herringbone).
  • the two planar elements 20 and 21, and with them the electrodes 10 and 11 mechanically linked to said planar elements, can approach each other in response to a stress, held by the suspension means 5. If the approximation is sufficient, the abutment 24 can come into contact with the facing surface 23, then the planar elements 20 and 21 can still approach under the effect of the movement towards the left of the flexible blade, the cavity 26 then being closed. Cavity 26 is only formed in the second planar layer, since the first planar layer is not solid in the zone vertically located above cavity 26 (zone of the electrostatic combs of the electrodes).
  • the cavity 26 has a dimension along the direction A which corresponds to a plane element deflection distance D FP , as shown in figure 5 , corresponding to the maximum deformation of the flat element 20 along the direction A.
  • the electrodes 10 and 11, and in particular the tooth 101 of the comb of the electrode 10 and the tooth 102 of the comb of the electrode 11, are likely to approach a maximum distance D B (first distance of free excursion) to which one adds the distance of deflection of plane element D FP .
  • the dimensioning of the stack is, in this variant of the first embodiment, carried out so that the minimum distance D min in an unstressed state between the electrodes 10 and 11 in the direction A, carried out for example here between the teeth 101 and 102, or greater than the sum of the distances D B and D FP .
  • the teeth 101 and 102 are not likely to touch each other.
  • the distance D min should be taken greater than D B + D FP + D 2 , so that even in a state where the two electrodes 10 and 11 are close together, a failure linked to the micro-arcing is avoided.
  • FIG. 7 a second variant of the first embodiment of the figures 1 to 3 .
  • the stack is seen from above in figure 7 , along an axis of vision perpendicular to the stack on the side in figure 8 , in section along a plane perpendicular to the plane of the stack, materialized by the axis A in dotted lines, and finally seen in exploded perspective seen from above on the figure 9 .
  • the shape of the electrodes of layer 1 and of abutment 24 is similar to that described in relation to the figures 1 to 3 .
  • a flexible strip is introduced into layer 2 to induce partial deformability in the first direction A.
  • a cavity is not practiced at the anchoring of the abutment 24.
  • a cavity 27 is practiced in the planar element 21, in the region facing the abutment 24 (that is to say in the region of the buttress).
  • an elongated cavity is produced, over a width in the direction perpendicular to the direction A which is less than the total width of the flat element 21 but greater to the width of the abutment element 24, so as to form a flexible bi-embedded strip, the part of the plane element 21 located to the left of the cavity 27 being deformable in the first direction A.
  • the flexible strip thus formed is also not deformable in a direction perpendicular to direction A (vertical in the figure), since it is held by the edges of cavity 27. Stop 24 remains non-deformable in direction A.
  • the two planar elements 20 and 21, and with them the electrodes 10 and 11 can here again approach each other in response to a stress, held by the suspension means 5. If the approximation is sufficient, the abutment 24 can come into contact with the facing surface 23, then the plane elements 20 and 21 can still approach under the effect of the movement to the right of the flexible blade, the cavity 27 then being closed.
  • the cavity 27 is here again formed only in the second layer 2, and is of a dimension which corresponds to a plane element deflection distance D FP , as shown in figure 5 .
  • This flat element deflection distance represents the maximum deformation of the flat element 21 along the direction A.
  • the electrodes 10 and 11, and in particular the tooth 101 of the comb of the electrode 10 and the tooth 102 of the comb of the electrode 11, are likely to approach a maximum distance D B (first distance of free excursion) to which one adds the distance of deflection of plane element D FP .
  • the minimum distance D min in an unstressed state between the electrodes 10 and 11 in the direction A, achieved for example here between the teeth 101 and 102, is greater than the sum of the distances D B and D FP .
  • it is desired, optionally, to take into account the risks of failure linked to a micro-arcing it is possible to define a minimum distance D 2 between the ends of the electrodes, below which said risk exists.
  • the stack would then be sized so as to have D min greater than the sum D B +D FP +D 2 .
  • Electrodes 10 to 12 We represented in figures 10 to 12 a second embodiment of a stack in layers, where the implementation of the electrodes and the stops is different with respect to all the figures previously described. Shown here are electrodes 10' and 11'.
  • the stack is seen from above in figure 10 , along an axis of vision perpendicular to the stack. It is seen from the side figure 11 , in section along a plane perpendicular to the plane of the stack, materialized by the axis A in dotted lines on the figure 10 and by the two dotted axes A of the figure 12 . Finally, it is seen in exploded perspective from above on the figure 12 , which indicates two directions parallel to direction A to represent the cut made in figure 11 .
  • This second embodiment differs in particular from the first embodiment in that the electrodes 10' and 11' of layer 1 and the corresponding planar elements 20 and 21 are assumed to be partially deformable along the first direction A.
  • An advantageous implementation is proposed here so that the electrostatic combs of the electrodes visible on the figures 10 to 12 are mobile in direction A with respect to the rest of the electrodes which carry them.
  • this second embodiment also differs from the first embodiment in that the electrodes 10' and 11', and in particular the electrostatic combs, are movable relative to each other in a second direction B perpendicular to the direction A, contained in the plane of electrodes 10' and 11'.
  • suspension means not shown in the figures, for example similar to suspension means 5, can allow mobility of electrodes 10' and 11' in direction B.
  • the left electrode 10' of layer 1 here comprises a flat left part and an electrostatic comb on a right part.
  • the right electrode 11' comprises a flat right part and an electrostatic comb on a left part.
  • the two electrostatic combs corresponding respectively to the electrodes 10' and 11' are arranged in such a way that, in an unstressed state, their teeth fit together without touching each other, and in particular without touching each other in the first direction A nor in the second direction B.
  • the left electrode 10' differs from the left electrode 10 of the previous embodiment in that its left flat part is pierced with a through cavity 12 of rectangular shape. It is said to emerge, in the sense that it is practiced over the entire thickness of the stack, in the three layers 1, 2 and 3.
  • This embodiment thus differs, significantly, from the embodiments corresponding to the figures 4 to 9 , in which a cavity is made only in the lower layer 2, the electrodes 10 and 11 thus being non-deformable in the direction A.
  • the opening cavity 12 is made at the vicinity of the right outer edge 14 of the left planar part of the electrode 10', but leaving a certain setback with respect to the edge 14. This cavity allows the outer edge 14 to constitute a flexible blade.
  • the flexible blade can react to a vibratory event undergone by the electrode 10' by moving in translation in the direction A, over a maximum amplitude which corresponds to an electrode deflection distance D FE , as well as to a distance of flat element arrow D FP (since both a part of the electrode 10' and a part of the flat element 20 are deformable at the level of the flexible blade).
  • the flexible strip 14 moves along such a translation, the material of the part of the electrode 10' forming the electrostatic comb not being moreover not deformable along the direction A, the electrostatic comb is also capable of moving in translation along the direction A over an amplitude which does not exceed the electrode arrow distance D FE .
  • the flexible blade 14 is also not deformable in direction B, since it is held by the edges of the opening cavity 12.
  • the right electrode 11' is provided, on the left outer edge of its right planar part, with a through-cavity 13 which gives rise to a flexible strip 15.
  • the flexible strip 15 is, same as the flexible blade 14, deformable in translation in the direction A, of a maximum amplitude equal to the electrode deflection distance D FE .
  • the distance D min between the electrodes 10' and 11' along the direction A is, in this second example, made between the right edge of the tooth 101' of the comb of the electrode 10' and the left edge of the tooth 102' of the comb of the electrode 11', the references 101' and 102' being visible on the figure 11 .
  • the electrodes 10' and 11' being polarized differently as in the previous example, it is essential that they are not in contact at the risk of compromising the electromechanical functionality of the system. It may possibly be considered that it is not enough to prevent the electrodes from coming into contact, and that it is also necessary to prevent their ends from being too close (of the order of a micrometer in distance, for example) to avoid micro-arcing phenomena.
  • layer 3 comprises, similarly to the previous example, an abutment element which ensures that the electrodes 10' and 11' are not liable to come into contact during a vibratory or shock event liable to set the electrodes 10' and 11' in motion relative to each other in the first direction A .
  • Sub-layer 2 is shown here with a different arrangement from the previous example.
  • the sub-layer 2 still comprises a left planar element 20' integral with the electrode 10' and a right planar element 21' integral with the electrode 11', such that the planar elements 20' and 21' are mobile l one relative to the other in the first direction A.
  • the left planar element 20' of this example changes width in the vicinity of the outer edge 14 of the electrode 10'. It has a branch 24 forming an abutment element, extending as far as a straight end of abutment element 22'.
  • the abutment element 24 is not, like the previous example, in a central position in the zone situated between the left flat element and the right flat element in the sub-layer 2, but is located on the right edge of the branch 24 which is set back slightly with respect to the edge 23 facing the right plane element 21'.
  • the abutment element 24 and in particular its end 22' are located in the extension along the first direction A of the through-cavity 12, but not in the extension of the through-cavity 13, so that facing the end 22' there is a non-deformable part of the right element 21'.
  • the width of the emerging cavity 12 (in direction B) is greater than that of the abutment 24.
  • the right-hand element 21' has an abutment element 25 extending from the edge corresponding vertically to the outer edge 15 of the electrode 11', and in the extension of the opening cavity 13, and has a abutment element end facing a non-deformable edge of the left element 20'.
  • the abutment stack according to the second embodiment therefore comprises two abutment elements 24 and 25.
  • the electrode deflection distance D FE total maximum deformation at the level of the electrodes
  • the plane element deflection distance D FP total maximum deflection at abutment elements
  • the first free excursion distance D B which corresponds to the maximum amplitude of displacement in the first direction A of the end 22' with respect to the facing element 23' (and therefore, of the 'left electrode 10' with respect to the right electrode 11'), is such that the sum of this free excursion distance and the maximum amplitude of deformation (distance of electrode deflection D FE ) of the two electrodes 10' and 11' relative to each other is less than the minimum distance in direction A between the left electrode 10' and the right electrode 11'.
  • the teeth of the electrostatic combs (for example, the teeth 101' and 102 ') approach first to a distance which corresponds to the free excursion of the abutment elements 24 and 25. Then if the approximation continues, the base of the abutment element 24 can, under the effect of pressing the opposite end 22' of the abutment 24, press against the flexible blade 14 located at the anchoring of the abutment 24, and induce a bending of the teeth of the comb by 10'.
  • the dimensioning criterion applied here is therefore more restrictive than that of the previous example, because in the dimensioning of the minimum distance between the two electrodes 10' and 11' in the first direction A, account is taken not only of the first distance of free excursion of the electrodes 10' and 11' permitted by the arrangement of the stop 24, but also the maximum amplitude of relative deformation of the two electrostatic combs protruding respectively from the electrodes 10' and 11'.
  • the distance D min between the two electrodes 10' and 11' along the first direction A represented here between the tooth 101' of the comb of the electrode 10' and the tooth 102' of the comb of the electrode 11', must be greater than D FE + D B .
  • One effect of this dimensioning is to allow, during a shock event which causes movement of the movable element 20' relative to the element 21' and of the electrode 10' relative to the electrode 11' , that the abutment element 24 interrupts the bringing together in direction A of these elements by abutting against the straight edge 23', before the electrode 10' can be sufficiently close to the electrode 11' to generate a discharge electrostatic or micro electric arcs, and damage the MEMS device.
  • the electrodes 10 'and 11' are movable relative to each other not only in the first direction A, but also in the second direction B here taken perpendicular to the first direction A.
  • the two abutment elements 24 and 25, the shape and positioning of which relative to the planar elements 20' and 21' have been described above, are spaced from each other in this second direction B , providing a second free excursion distance D B 'in the direction B.
  • the stack is then arranged such that in the unstressed state, the first electrode 10' is at a distance D min ' relative to the second electrode 11' in the second direction B which is greater than this second distance of free excursion D B ', so that the two electrodes cannot be brought into contact either by bringing them together in the second direction B.
  • a second dimensioning criterion D min '> D B ' is therefore taken into account here, in addition to the criterion which governs the maximum displacement of the electrodes and their dimensioning in the first direction A.
  • An advantage of this second embodiment with partial deformability of the electrodes is that it can be used for devices liable to undergo large amplitudes of displacement with respect to the air gap of the electrodes following a shock event.
  • MEMS aimed at high performance applications require air gaps of small dimensions and high masses, typically inertial sensors, which generate a large amplitude of displacement following a shock event, compared to the air gap of the electrodes.
  • the stack is seen from above in figure 13 , along an axis of vision perpendicular to the stack. It is seen from the side figure 14 , in section along a plane perpendicular to the plane of the stack, materialized by the axis A in dotted lines on the figure 13 and by the two dotted axes A of the figure 15 . Finally, it is seen in exploded perspective from above on the figure 15 , which indicates two directions parallel to direction A to represent the cut made in figure 14 .
  • the shape of the electrodes of layer 1 is similar to that described above in relation to the figures 10 to 12 .
  • the electrode 11' is partially deformable along the first direction A, the electrostatic comb of this electrode being movable along the direction A with respect to its base. Furthermore, the electrodes 10' and 11' remain mobile relative to each other in a second direction B perpendicular to the direction A, contained in the plane of these electrodes.
  • the through-cavity 12 described in relation to the figures 10 to 12 practiced in the electrode 10' and in the underlying layers, is no longer practiced here.
  • the through-cavity 13 of figures 10 to 12 is not present in the variant of figures 13 to 15 .
  • the stack described here comprises two through-cavities 13' and 13" made with the same setback relative to the left outer edge of the electrode 11', with a width in direction B greater than that of the ends of the abutment elements 24 and 25 so as to form two flexible strips 15' and 15" in the first direction A.
  • the emerging cavity 13' is located opposite the end 22' of the abutment element 24 (the shape of the abutment element 24 being identical to that of the second embodiment presented here).
  • the emerging cavity 13" it is made at the anchoring of the abutment element 25.
  • the two emerging cavities 13' and 13", and therefore the two flexible blades 15' and 15" are independent and separated by a rigid partition Furthermore, the elongated abutment elements 24 and 25 are unchanged from the second embodiment above.
  • the teeth of the electrostatic combs (for example, the teeth 101' and 102') approach first up to a distance which corresponds to the first free excursion distance D B of the stop elements 24 and 25, as in the first implementation of the second embodiment.
  • the behavior of the teeth of the electrostatic combs differs when the approach along the first direction A continues: the base of the stop element 24 can no longer induce a bending of the teeth of the comb by 10', in the absence of the through-cavity 12 of the mode of implementation of the figures 10 to 12 .
  • the presence of a new emerging cavity 13' opposite the end 22' of the abutment element, a cavity formed in the body of the electrode 11' facing it, means that the end 22' of the abutment 24 can press against the flexible blade 15', so that the abutment 24 continues its progression towards the electrode 11' according to the first direction A.
  • the teeth of the 10' comb can be bent in the opposite direction to the direction of bending obtained for the second embodiment.
  • the deflection obtained in this third embodiment is not, unlike that obtained in the second mode, not such as to bring the teeth of the electrostatic combs together, such as the teeth 101' and 102', for example.
  • the dimensioning criterion applied here is thus less restrictive than that of the previous example.
  • the first free excursion distance of the electrodes 10' and 11' permitted by the arrangement of the stops 24 and 25 is taken into account.
  • the distance D min between the two electrodes 10' and 11' in the first direction A, shown here between the tooth 101' of the comb of the electrode 10' and the tooth 102' of the comb of the electrode 11', must be greater than D B .
  • the electrodes 10' and 11' being, here again, movable relative to each other not only in the first direction A, but also in the second direction B, the relative positioning of the two abutment elements 24 and 25 along this second direction B is also the subject of an additional dimensioning criterion.
  • the stack is arranged so that in the unstressed state, the first electrode 10 'is at a distance D min ' with respect to the second electrode 11' in the second direction B which is greater than this second free excursion distance D B '.

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Claims (10)

  1. MEMS- oder NEMS-Vorrichtung vom Typ Sensor oder Aktuator, der mit einer Anschlagstapelung versehen ist, die umfasst:
    - eine erste ebene Schicht (1), die eine erste ebene Elektrode (10), die sich beim Betrieb der Vorrichtung auf einem ersten elektrischen Potential befindet, und eine zweite ebene Elektrode (11) umfasst, die sich beim Betrieb der Vorrichtung auf einem zweiten elektrischen Potential befindet, das sich von dem ersten Potential unterscheidet,
    wobei die erste ebene Elektrode (10) in Bezug auf die zweite ebene Elektrode (11) entlang einer ersten Richtung (A) parallel zur ersten ebenen Schicht beweglich ist,
    - eine zweite ebene Schicht (2), die auf der ersten ebenen Schicht (1) überlagert ist und durch mindestens eine Zwischenschicht (3), die aus isolierendem Material gebildet ist, von der ersten ebenen Schicht (1) elektrisch isoliert ist, wobei die zweite ebene Schicht (2) ein erstes ebenes Element (20), das mechanisch mit der ersten ebenen Elektrode (10) fest verbunden ist, und ein zweites ebenes Element (21) umfasst, das mechanisch mit der zweiten ebenen Elektrode (11) fest verbunden ist,
    - mindestens ein Anschlagelement (24), das sich von dem ersten ebenen Element (20) oder von dem zweiten ebenen Element (21) entlang der ersten Richtung (A) erstreckt und in Bezug auf das ebene Element in der ersten Richtung (A) hervorsteht,
    wobei das Anschlagelement (24) und die Elektroden so ausgestaltet sind, dass das Anschlagelement (24) mit der gegenüberliegenden Oberfläche (23) in Kontakt gelangt und die Annäherung der zwei ebenen Elektroden (10, 11) entlang der ersten Richtung (A) bei einer Beanspruchung blockiert, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Anschlagelement (24), das sich ausgehend von einem der ebenen Elemente erstreckt, sich beim Betrieb der Vorrichtung auf dem gleichen Potential befindet wie eine gegenüberliegende Oberfläche (23), die zu dem anderen von den ebenen Elementen (21) gehört.
  2. MEMS- oder NEMS-Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, wobei das Anschlagelement und die Elektroden derart ausgestaltet sind, dass im nicht beanspruchten Zustand jedes freie Ende (101) der ersten ebenen Elektrode (10) sich in Bezug auf ein nächstes Ende der zweiten ebenen Elektrode (102) entlang der ersten Richtung (A) in einem Mindestabstand (Dmin) befindet, der größer als ein erster freier Auslenkungsabstand (DB) ist, wobei der Abstand als der Mindestabstand zwischen dem Anschlagelement (24) und der gegenüberliegenden Oberfläche definiert ist.
  3. MEMS- oder NEMS-Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 2, wobei der Mindestabstand (Dmin) größer als die Summe des ersten freien Auslenkungsabstands (DB) und eines zweiten vorbestimmten Abstands ist, unterhalb dem eine Gefahr des Verlustes der isolierenden Eigenschaft des Gases besteht, das die Elektroden (10, 11) umgibt, derart, dass ein Kurzschluss zwischen den zwei Enden der Elektroden (101, 102) entstehen kann.
  4. MEMS- oder NEMS-Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, wobei die mindestens eine ebene Elektrode (11') zumindest teilweise entlang der ersten Richtung (A) verformbar ist, wobei die Summe der möglichen Höchstverformungen entlang der ersten Richtung (A) der Elektroden (10', 11') einen Durchbiegungsabstand der Elektrode (DFE) definiert, wobei der Mindestabstand (Dmin) größer als die Summe des ersten freien Auslenkungsabstands (DB) und des Elektrodendurchbiegungsabstands (DFE) genommen wird.
  5. MEMS- oder NEMS-Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, wobei mindestens ein erstes ebenes Element (20) zumindest teilweise entlang der ersten Richtung (A) verformbar ist, wobei die Summe der möglichen Höchstverformungen entlang der ersten Richtung (A) der ebenen Elemente (20, 21) einen gegebenen Durchbiegungsabstand (DFP) des ebenen Elements definiert, wobei der Mindestabstand (Dmin) größer als die Summe des ersten freien Auslenkungsabstands (DB) und des Durchbiegungsabstands des ebenen Elements (DFP) genommen wird.
  6. MEMS- oder NEMS-Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 5, wobei mindestens eines der zwei ebenen Elemente (20, 21) teilweise entlang der ersten Richtung (A) verformbar ist,
    wobei die zweite ebene Schicht (2) durch einen Hohlraum (26) durchbohrt ist, der an der Verankerung des Anschlagelements (24) angeordnet ist, und/oder durch einen Hohlraum (27) durchbohrt ist, der entlang eines äußeren Randes der Oberfläche (23) dem Anschlagelement (24) gegenüberliegend angeordnet ist,
    wobei der Durchbiegungsabstand (DFP) des ebenen Elements als die Summe der Abmessungen der zwei Hohlräume (26, 27) entlang der ersten Richtung (A) definiert ist oder gegebenenfalls als die Abmessung des einzigen Hohlraums entlang der ersten Richtung definiert ist, der/die in der zweiten ebenen Schicht (2) angeordnet ist/sind.
  7. MEMS- oder NEMS-Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 4 und Anspruch 5 in Kombination, wobei die zwei ebenen Elektroden (10', 11') und die zwei ebenen Elemente (20, 21) entlang der ersten Richtung (A) verformbar sind, wobei das erste ebene Element (21) ein erstes Anschlagelement (25) trägt und das zweite ebene Element (20) ein zweites Anschlagelement (24) trägt,
    ein erster offener Hohlraum (13) über die gesamte Höhe der Stapelung an der Verankerung des ersten Anschlagelements (25) und entlang der ersten Richtung (A) dem ersten Anschlagelement (25) entsprechend, aber nicht entlang der ersten Richtung (A) dem zweiten Anschlagelement (24) entsprechend angeordnet ist, wodurch ein erster biegsamer Streifen (14) gebildet wird,
    ein zweiter offener Hohlraum (12) über die gesamte Höhe der Stapelung an der Verankerung des zweiten Anschlagelements (24) und entlang der ersten Richtung (A) dem zweiten Anschlagelement (24) entsprechend aber nicht entlang der ersten Richtung (A) dem ersten Anschlagelement (25) entsprechend angeordnet ist, wodurch ein zweiter biegsamer Streifen (15) gebildet wird,
    wobei der erste freie Auslenkungsabstand (DB) als der Mindestabstand zwischen dem ersten Anschlagelement (25) und der gegenüberliegenden Oberfläche definiert ist, wobei der Elektrodendurchbiegungsabstand (DFE) als die Summe der Abmessungen der zwei offenen Hohlräume (12, 13) entlang der ersten Richtung (A) definiert ist.
  8. MEMS- oder NEMS-Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 4 und Anspruch 5 in Kombination, wobei das erste ebene Element (21) ein erstes Anschlagelement (25) trägt und das zweite ebene Element (20) ein zweites Anschlagelement (24) trägt,
    und wobei ein erster offener Hohlraum (13') über die gesamte Höhe der Stapelung in der ersten ebenen Elektrode (11') einem Ende (22') des zweiten gegenüberliegenden Anschlagelements (24) entlang der ersten Richtung (A) entsprechend angeordnet ist, wodurch ein erster biegsamer Streifen (15') gebildet wird,
    und ein zweiter offener Hohlraum (13") über die gesamte Höhe der Stapelung in der ersten ebenen Elektrode (11'), an der Verankerung des ersten Anschlagelements (25) entlang der ersten Richtung (A) und dem ersten Anschlagelement (25) entlang der ersten Richtung (A) entsprechend angeordnet ist, wodurch ein zweiter biegsamer Streifen (15") gebildet wird,
    wobei der erste freie Auslenkungsabstand (DB) als der Mindestabstand zwischen dem ersten Anschlagelement (25) und der gegenüberliegenden Oberfläche definiert ist.
  9. MEMS- oder NEMS-Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, wobei die zwei ebenen Elektroden ferner in Bezug aufeinander entlang einer zweiten Richtung (B) im Wesentlichen senkrecht zu der ersten Richtung (A) beweglich sind,
    wobei die zweite Richtung (B) parallel zur ebenen Schicht (1) ist, die die Elektroden enthält,
    und wobei das erste ebene Element (21) ein erstes Anschlagelement (25) trägt und das zweite ebene Element (20) ein zweites Anschlagelement (24) trägt,
    wobei die Stapelung derart ausgestaltet ist, dass im nicht beanspruchten Zustand jedes freie Ende der ersten ebenen Elektrode (11') sich in Bezug auf die zweite ebene Elektrode (10') entlang der zweiten Richtung (B) in einem Mindestabstand (Dmin') befindet, der größer als ein zweiter freier Auslenkungsabstand (DB') ist, wobei der zweite freie Auslenkungsabstand (DB') als der Mindestabstand zwischen dem ersten und dem zweiten Anschlagelement (24, 25) entlang der zweiten Richtung (B) definiert ist.
  10. MEMS- oder NEMS-Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, von der eine Elektrode eine ebene Platte umfasst und/oder von der eine Elektrode einen elektrostatischen Kamm umfasst.
EP18731506.4A 2017-02-23 2018-04-20 Mems- oder nems-vorrichtung mit gestapeltem stoppelement Active EP3585723B1 (de)

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EP3839519B1 (de) 2019-12-18 2023-11-08 Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Mikroelektromechanische vorrichtung mit anschlag
DE102020205616A1 (de) * 2020-05-04 2021-11-04 Robert Bosch Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung Mikromechanische Sensoranordnung, Verfahren zur Verwendung einer mikromechanischen Sensoranordnung
DE102020210138A1 (de) * 2020-08-11 2022-02-17 Robert Bosch Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung Mikromechanisches Bauteil und Herstellungsverfahren für ein mikromechanisches Bauteil

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FR3065956A1 (fr) 2018-11-09
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RU2758699C2 (ru) 2021-11-01
EP3585723A1 (de) 2020-01-01
RU2019129497A (ru) 2021-03-23
WO2018154196A1 (fr) 2018-08-30
RU2019129497A3 (de) 2021-07-21
US10858242B2 (en) 2020-12-08
US20190389722A1 (en) 2019-12-26
CN110636987B (zh) 2022-12-20

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