EP3583274B1 - Primary shell load-bearing support structure - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a two-shell panel structure module in which two-shell panel structures in the form of primary shell structures are formed from individual assembled elements, which are referred to as primary shell structures for short in the further description.

From the CN 102 174 858 A a prefabricated building system with a steel lattice structure consisting of wall panels, ceiling panels and load-bearing supports is known, which has special structures of the components and connection solutions between the components.

the DE 3 415 344 A1 describes a quick construction frame, in particular made of steel, as a load-bearing structure for ceiling and wall panels of a building. This solution is known as skeleton construction, which is equipped with special connection solutions for the bar components (supports, bars) for quick assembly of the skeletons.

From the EP 1 609 924 A1 inverted reinforced concrete coffered ceilings with crossed ribs in 3 levels are known. The lower level 1 is formed from a reinforced concrete slab, the level 2 from ribs and recesses and the level 3 from plates / tiles resting on the intersection points of the ribs with an elevation for the distribution of air-conditioned air or installation lines. The ceiling elements rest on supports at their corners and are connected to one another by special devices.

the GB 1,175,711 A describes crossed, parallel-belted lattice girders for ceiling and roof structures, intended as support structures.

Are known from the US 2009/0282766 A1 Prefabricated lattice sections made of crossed bending bars, placed on parallel, level, parallel-belted lattice girders made of the same or similar profiles as the lattice sections. The trusses rest on the main load-bearing elements of the building (girders, walls) and the honeycomb lattice is covered by removable panels. Suspended ceilings formed from this system are suspended from the level trusses or from the main load-bearing elements of the building, thus creating an almost full-area Accessibility to the space between the overlying grid ceiling and the suspended ceiling achieved.

Is known from the FR 1 238 724 A a solution that concerns roofs, ceilings or walls formed from prefabricated construction elements.
This supporting structure actually consists of individual, very light beams that lie directly next to each other and are directly connected to each other.
The supporting structure described is clearly not intended for multi-axis load transfer.

The disadvantage of all of these known solutions is that no interaction of spaced-apart surface elements is achieved with regard to the plate load-bearing effect and, moreover, the solutions involved are relatively heavy.

The object of the invention is to propose a solution that eliminates the disadvantages of the prior art and by joining largely identical modules to be industrially prefabricated in series to economically produce primary shell structures, which, if required, are in a wide variety of areas in partially preassembled, easily transportable and mountable areas Is to be installed geometries in structures of various construction methods.

The solution according to the invention is to be explained in more detail below with the aid of exemplary embodiments and figures.

fig. 1:

isometrische Darstellung eines Moduls mit exemplarischen zwei Diagonalstäben 6 und Verbindungstaschen 4,

fig. 1a:

Alternativdetail zum Anschluss der Diagonalstäbe 6 bei abstandsloser Anordnung der Module,

fig. 1b:

Alternativdetail mit Ausbildung von Verbindungstaschen 4 ersetzenden Verbindungslaschen 4a,

fig. 2:

Beispiel für eine Deckenstruktur mit skelettartiger transparenter Darstellung der Sekundärschalenelemente 1 und 2 ohne Darstellung der Diagonalstäbe 6,

fig. 3:

Ersatz von Stäben 3 und 6 durch Hilfsrahmen 10,

fig. 4:

Lastableitung bei Stützen, die nicht direkt unter einem Modulknoten liegen mit transparenter skelettartiger Darstellung der Sekundärschalenelemente,

fig. 5:

schematische Draufsicht einer möglichen Ausbildung eines Primärschalentragwerks mit teilweise trapezförmigen Sekundärschalenelementen 1 und 2 zur Ausbildung nicht geradlinig berandeter Flächen,

fig. 6:

schematischer Querschnitt einer möglichen Ausbildung eines einachsig gekrümmten Primärschalentragwerks,

fig. 7:

schematischer Querschnitt einer möglichen Ausbildung eines einachsig gekrümmten Primärschalentragwerks durch den Einbau von Abstandsplatten 14 und Adapterkeilen 15 mit entsprechenden Keilscheiben 16 für die Schraubverbindungen,

fig. 8:

wie fig. 3 mit aus dem Zwischenraum herausgehobenem Bett 18,

fig. 9:

wie fig. 1 mit Schalenelementen mit umlaufenden Winkelprofilrahmen 19 mit eingelegten Platten 20,

fig. 10:

schematischer Querschnitt einer möglichen Ausbildung der Flächentragwerke mit veränderlichem Abstand der Sekundärschalenelemente 1 und 2,

fig. 11:

schematischer Querschnitt einer möglichen schrägen Anordnung der Flächentragwerke, gebildet aus den Sekundärschalenelementen 1 und 2 sowie Füllstäben 3 und 6 , als Satteldach mit Adapterelementen 21 an den Traufen und am First.

The figures show

fig. 1:

isometric representation of a module with two exemplary diagonal bars 6 and connecting pockets 4,

fig. 1a:

Alternative detail for connecting the diagonal bars 6 when the modules are arranged without any spacing,

fig. 1b:

Alternative detail with the formation of connecting pockets 4 replacing connecting straps 4a,

fig. 2:

Example of a ceiling structure with a skeletal, transparent representation of the secondary shell elements 1 and 2 without a representation of the diagonal bars 6,

fig. 3:

Replacement of rods 3 and 6 with subframes 10,

fig. 4:

Load dissipation for columns that are not directly under a module node lie with a transparent skeletal representation of the secondary shell elements,

fig. 5:

Schematic top view of a possible design of a primary shell structure with partially trapezoidal secondary shell elements 1 and 2 for the formation of non-linearly edged surfaces,

fig. 6:

schematic cross section of a possible formation of a uniaxial curved primary shell structure,

fig. 7:

a schematic cross section of a possible design of a uniaxially curved primary shell structure through the installation of spacer plates 14 and adapter wedges 15 with corresponding wedge washers 16 for the screw connections,

fig. 8th:

how fig. 3 with the bed 18 lifted out of the space,

fig. 9:

how fig. 1 with shell elements with circumferential angle profile frames 19 with inserted plates 20,

fig. 10:

schematic cross-section of a possible design of the planar structures with variable spacing of the secondary shell elements 1 and 2,

fig. 11:

Schematic cross-section of a possible inclined arrangement of the planar structures, formed from the secondary shell elements 1 and 2 and filler rods 3 and 6, as a gable roof with adapter elements 21 on the eaves and on the ridge.

The terms plate, disk and shell contained in the following explanations are used here in the sense of technical mechanics. It is thus defined that a plate is a flat component that is loaded by perpendicular forces and / or bending moments around the plane axes. A disk is therefore a flat surface structure that is only loaded by forces in its plane. A shell (with the special case of a flat shell) is a two-dimensional structure that can absorb loads both vertically and in its plane.

According to the invention, the planar structure module is designed with two shells.
The planar structure module is formed from an upper secondary shell element 1 and a lower secondary shell element 2, which are joined together by means of statically necessary cross bars to form a primary shell structure with a lattice support effect.

The surface structure module is made in the form of an octagonal convex polyhedron formed from six quadrangles with twelve edges, which in the special case of an orthogonal design results in a cuboid. Two opposite levels are designed as surfaces, which form upper and lower secondary shell elements 1 and 2, with cross bars 3 being installed along the four remaining edges and, after being supplemented by statically required or appropriate diagonal bars 6, by connections at the corners of the upper and lower shell elements lower secondary shell elements 1 and 2 with adjacent modules two-shell surface structure is formed in the form of a primary shell structure with one or two-axis truss support effect, the edges of the secondary shell elements 1 and 2 of adjacent surface structure modules lie against one another.

The secondary shell elements 1 and 2 are components of several, largely identical, prefabricated structural structures ( fig. 1 ), which consist of the secondary shell elements 1 and 2 as well as 90 ° or approximately 90 ° to these extending transverse rods 3.

In fig. 1 a module is shown in an orthogonal version.
Other geometric shapes are also associated with the idea of the invention. For example, a truncated pyramid for forming two-axis curved primary shells is possible and expedient.

The secondary shell elements 1 and 2 with appropriate floor plan dimensions are preferably or predominantly designed to be square, rectangular or trapezoidal. They are connected to one another and spaced apart at their corners by cross bars 3 of appropriate length.

The cross bars 3 are shown in the illustration fig. 1 formed from angle profiles which are attached to the secondary shell elements 1 and 2 with screw and / or welded connections.
In principle, other cross-sections or length-adjustable bars are also possible as cross bars 3.

The secondary shell elements 1 and 2 have a special design according to Figure 1 or detail 1a in each corner a top or bottom or top and bottom open connection pocket 4 of appropriate size, which is limited at least on the outside, so on the outer vertical surfaces of the secondary shell elements 1 and 2 by preferably metal profiles or metal sheets and their vertical outer surfaces at used screw connection have holes 5.

The modules according to FIG fig. 1 be connected to one another in both planes of the secondary shell elements 1 and 2 with screws through the bores 5.

Diagonal bars 6, of which in fig. 1 two rods are shown as an example, installed according to static requirements and connected in further shear surfaces with the same screws that also connect the modules to one another.
These diagonal bars 6 also belong to the filler bars of the primary shell structure.

The diagonal bars 6 can either be between the modules, as in the overall picture of the fig. 1 shown or - if the modules are arranged without spacing - one rod per module within the connecting pockets 4, as in the alternative detail fig. 1a are shown.
In the installation direction, it must be taken into account that only tensile forces arise in the diagonal bars 6, if possible.
When significant compressive forces occur in the diagonal bars 6, cross-sections with greater buckling stability, such as angle profiles, must be used.

In a further special embodiment of the solution according to the invention, according to detail 1b, the connecting pockets 4 can be arranged to replace connecting tabs 4a.

These connecting tabs 4a are formed from angular surfaces protruding in the direction of the space between the secondary shell elements 1 and 2, preferably made of sheet metal in the corners of the secondary shell elements 1 and 2.

The bore 5 to be used to connect a plurality of primary shell elements is also arranged in the connecting tabs 4a in this particular embodiment.

When using the connecting straps 4 a, the connections of the secondary shell elements 1 and 2 with one another and the cross bars 3 and the diagonal bars 6 on the secondary shell elements 1 and 2 are outside of these secondary shell elements 1 and 2, so that a continuous surface is formed from the surface structure modules.

When the connecting pockets 4 are used, this area has according to FIG fig. 1 and detail 1a shows the recesses formed by the connecting pockets 4, which are later to be closed or covered.

Fig. 2 FIG. 11 shows a section of an example of one of the individual modules according to FIG fig. 1 formed primary shell structure in ceiling use with linear supports on walls 7, a single support 8 and a recess 9, the secondary shell elements 1 and 2 are shown skeletal and transparent for better understanding and the diagonal bars 6 have been omitted for better clarity.

In cases or at locations in or at which the installation of rods 3 and 6 or areas of the secondary shell elements 1 and 2 hinders the desired use of the intermediate shell space, subframes 10 according to FIG fig. 3 to be built in.

The result is basically a three-dimensional primary shell structure with a multi-axis truss load-bearing effect, in which the secondary shell elements 1 and 2 take up and transmit the local, vertical loads as plates and take up the framework chord forces in both orthogonal load-bearing directions as slices.

The derivation of the horizontal stiffening loads from e.g. wind and structural imperfections of the building on stiffening walls is finally carried out via the primary shell structure when the ceiling is used.

The primary shell structure can be supported at any useful points on the module nodes 22, which arise at the corners of the secondary shell elements 1 and 2, e.g. by walls 7 or individual supports 8.

If supports are desired or needed that are not located directly on the module nodes 22, for example those in the fig. 4a, 4b , 4c shown additional traverses 11 according to fig. 4a , Inclined struts 12 according to the upper module corners fig. 4b or reinforcements 13 of the lower secondary shell elements 2 according to FIG fig. 4c can be used, which derive the support load on the neighboring module nodes 22.

In the case of new buildings, the ceiling grid appropriately corresponds to the basic grid of the building. When installing in the existing building structure, pass modules may have to be produced.

In a special embodiment of the solution according to the invention, by using trapezoidal secondary shell elements 1 and 2, primary shell structures ( fig. 5 ) getting produced.

The use of secondary shell elements 1 and 2 with unequal surfaces, such as the formation of the modules in the geometric shape of a truncated pyramid, allows the production of biaxially curved primary shell structures.

Fig. 6 shows an example of a cross-section through a primary shell structure that is curved only in one axis. Curvatures of primary shell structures can be avoided when using orthogonal modules ( fig. 1 ) can also be implemented by installing spacer plates 14 and adapter wedges 15 with corresponding wedge washers 16 for the screw connections ( fig. 7th ).

Minor curvatures of primary shell structures, with which, for example, deformations due to loads can be compensated or low drainage gradients in flat roof ceilings can be realized, can also be achieved by inserting spacers in the screw connections of the modules that are suitable for this purpose fig. 1 getting produced.

Due to the different designs and / or materials of the secondary shell elements 1 and 2, these different requirements, e.g. with regard to load-bearing capacity, fire protection, sound insulation, thermal insulation, lightweight construction can be adapted.

The space between the secondary shell elements 1 and 2 can be used for technical building installations, which can then be easily expanded, reduced, repaired, cleaned or dismantled, as well as for insulation levels.

If heating or refrigerant lines are integrated into the secondary shell elements 1 and 2 when the ceiling structure module according to the invention is used appropriately, the floor (secondary shell element 1) are heated and cooled by the ceiling (secondary shell element 2), which results in a high level of energy efficiency and comfort.

Future new developments in building technology (heating, ventilation, plumbing, electrical installation, communication) can then also be installed subsequently, which considerably increases the sustainability of the buildings equipped with the two-shell structural structure according to the invention.

In addition, a large contribution can be made to efficient use of space, for example, by being able to lower or lift items of furniture that are not constantly used into the level between the secondary shell elements 1 and 2 when they are not in use.

As an example of this, a possibility is given of moving a table 17 used during the day up in the evening in order to use the same area for a bed 18 lifted out of the floor, as in FIG fig. 8th shown.

Table 17 and bed 18 are moved vertically by hydraulic or pneumatic cylinders, electric linear drives or telescopic supports with worm / screw drives or internal rope-roller systems.

Likewise, rails are installed in the intermediate level on or on which storage containers are moved, which are made accessible through one or more openings in one of the secondary shells.

If a distance between the two secondary shell planes is selected that no longer allows direct access to the space, the secondary shell elements 1 and 2 should at least partially according to FIG fig. 9 be made with circumferential frame from angle profiles 19, on whose lower horizontal legs plates 20 with recesses in the corners are removably inserted from suitable materials, the side edges of which should be installed to ensure the pane effect with pressure contact to the vertical angle legs.

If the connecting straps 4a are used instead of connecting pockets 4, the recesses in the corners of the plates 20 can be omitted.

It is also possible to manufacture the modules described not exclusively with parallel secondary shell elements 1 and 2, but to adapt the spacing of the secondary shell elements 1 and 2 to the bending stresses ( fig. 10 ).

The advantages of the planar support structure according to the invention come to light above all when it is used in a horizontal position, for example as a building ceiling.
However, it can also be used, for example, in an inclined position to form gable or monopitch roofs with adapter elements 21 on the eaves and on the ridge ( fig. 11 ) or in a vertical position, i.e. as a wall.

Another advantage of the planar structure described here compared to previously known constructions is that it is economically produced in a wide variety of geometries and in structures of different construction types by joining together largely identical, industrially prefabricated and, if necessary, partially pre-assembled, easily transportable and assemblable surface areas can be installed.
Furthermore, it is to be regarded as advantageous that the use of the planar structure described here is not limited to horizontal primary shell structures.

Through the sensible use of the secondary shell elements 1 and 2 as plates and panes, the total potential of the load-bearing capacities of the components is used significantly higher than with conventional constructions.
In the case of rod-shaped components such as the cross bars 3 and the frame angle profiles 18, a failure of stability can be prevented or delayed with simple means in the case of high compressive forces. This leads to a significantly more favorable relationship between the dead weight of the construction and the possible payload.

List of reference symbols

1

Upper secondary shell element

2

Lower secondary shell element

3

Cross bar

4th

Connection pocket

4a

Connecting tab

5

Holes in 4 or 4a

6th

Diagonal bar

7th

Supporting wall

8th

Single support

9

Recess

10

Subframe

11

traverse

12th

Inclined strut

13th

Reinforcement of 2

14th

Spacer plate

15th

Adapter wedge

16

Wedge disk

17th

table

18th

bed

19th

Angle profile

20th

Plate on 19th

21

Adapter elements

22nd

Module node

Claims (10)

1. A primary shell support structure comprising

   two-shell surface support structure modules, each of which comprises a structure in the form of an octagonal, twelve-edged, convex polyhedron formed from six quadrilaterals, which in the special case where the edges are orthogonal form a rectangle, in which opposing faces are formed as surfaces, which form upper and lower secondary shell elements (1,2), wherein the upper and lower secondary shell elements (1,2) are spaced apart from each other and wherein cross members (3) are installed along the four remaining edges and wherein diagonal members (6) are installed by connecting them to the corners of the upper and lower secondary shell elements (1,2), whereby the edges of the surface support structure modules adjacent to the upper and lower secondary shell elements (1,2) abut each other, whereby a two-shell surface support structure in the form of a primary shell support structure having a one- or two-axis framework supporting effect is formed, whereby the space between the secondary shell elements (1 and 2) can be used as an installation or storage space,

   characterized in that

   auxiliary frames (10) are used in the space between the secondary shell elements (1,2), which assume the function of the cross and diagonal members (3,6) in areas in which the cross and diagonal members would prevent the use as an installation or storage space,

   whereby rails are arranged in the space between the secondary shell elements (1,2), on or upon which storage containers could be moved,

   whereby one or more openings are arranged in the secondary shell elements (1,2), whereby said storage containers are accessible through said one or more openings.
2. A primary shell support structure according to Claim 1, in which the secondary shell elements (1 and 2) have, in each corner, a connecting pocket (4), which is open at the top or bottom or at the top and bottom, of expedient size for connecting a plurality of surface support structure modules to one another, which have, at least on the outer vertical surfaces of the secondary shell elements (1 and 2) in which the holes (5) are located, stable and mechanically loadable boundaries.
3. A primary shell support structure according to Claim 1, in which the secondary shell elements (1 and 2) have, in each corner, connecting plates (4a), which are formed from angular surfaces projecting in each case in the direction of the intermediate space between the secondary shell elements (1 and 2) in which the holes (5) are located.
4. A primary shell support structure according to Claim 1, which is supported at any desired, meaningful locations on the module vertices (22) arising on the corners of the secondary shell elements (1 and 2) by means of linear supports, for example walls (7) or individual supports (8).
5. A primary shell support structure according to Claim 4, in which for additional supports, which are not to be arranged directly on the module vertices (22), cross members (11), diagonal struts (12) are arranged to the upper module corners or reinforcements (13) of the lower secondary shell elements (2), which transfer the support load to the adjacent module vertices (22).
6. A primary shell support structure according to Claim 1, in which trapezoidal secondary shell elements (1 and 2) are used in the form of primary shell support structures to construct two-shell surface support structures, the edges of which are not straight.
7. A primary shell support structure according to Claim 1, in which frustopyramidal modules are used to manufacture primary shell support structures with a biaxial curvature.
8. A primary shell support structure according to Claim 1, in which orthogonal modules with spacer plates (14) as well as adapter wedges (15) and wedge disks (16) adapted according to the intended curvature are used in order to form curvatures in two-shell surface support structures in the form of primary shell support structures.
9. A primary shell support structure according to Claim 1, characterized in that, after the formation or modification of the primary shell support structure, equipment not currently in use can be lowered into or lifted out of the space between the secondary shell elements (1 and 2) when not in use.
10. A primary shell support structure according to Claim 1, characterized in that the secondary shell elements (1 and 2) are at least partially equipped with circumferential frames comprising angle profiles (19), on the lower horizontal leg of which plates (20) with recesses in the corners to form the connection pockets (4) or additionally arranged connection pockets (4a) made of suitable materials, the lateral edges of which are inserted with pressure contact with the vertical angle legs (19) in order to ensure the disk effect, are inserted so as to be removable.

Images