EP3577450A2 - Electromagnetic method and device for detecting defects - Google Patents
Electromagnetic method and device for detecting defectsInfo
- Publication number
- EP3577450A2 EP3577450A2 EP18701292.7A EP18701292A EP3577450A2 EP 3577450 A2 EP3577450 A2 EP 3577450A2 EP 18701292 A EP18701292 A EP 18701292A EP 3577450 A2 EP3577450 A2 EP 3577450A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- magnetic
- inspected
- orientation
- son
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/72—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables
- G01N27/82—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables for investigating the presence of flaws
- G01N27/90—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables for investigating the presence of flaws using eddy currents
- G01N27/9013—Arrangements for scanning
- G01N27/902—Arrangements for scanning by moving the sensors
Definitions
- the invention relates to the field of non-destructive testing, and in particular relates to a device and an electromagnetic method for detecting defects.
- NDT electromagnetic non-destructive testing
- PSET partial saturation eddy current
- a magnetization unit is used to create a partial saturation magnetic field in the component to be inspected and an eddy current probe composed of a coil whose impedance variation makes it possible to determine the presence of faults when the reluctance or the conductivity of the material changes with respect to a reference value.
- the proposed device associates the probe with a Hall effect sensor to adjust the intensity of the partial saturation magnetic field in the metal layer of the component during measurement with the eddy current probe. This solution creates a magnetic field in the component whose field lines are of fixed direction regardless of the orientation of the metal structure to be inspected.
- tubular components such as risers used to connect the sea floor with an oil platform and bring oil or gas up to the surface can be flexible and therefore have a structure with wire armor wires. multi-layered and with different orientations.
- Figure 1 schematically illustrates a typical internal structure of a flexible oil riser (100). It is generally composed of the inside to the outside of an internal carcass (102) to prevent crushing of the pipe under the effect of external pressure, a pressure sheath (104), a pressure vault (106), an anti-wear layer (108), an armature which according to the applications consists of several plies of armor or metal layers (1 10, 1 12) separated by an anti-wear layer (1 14) and composed of metal wires wound on each layer in different orientations, and an outer sheath (1 1 6).
- U.S. Patent 9,285,345 B2 to Innospection Group Limited provides a non-destructive testing device and method for in-situ inspection of flexible risers.
- the device based on the same implementation of the partial saturation technique (PSET) as the previously cited patent of the same applicant, allows a PSET measurement of a second metal layer by varying by a set of magnetization units. which encircle the riser, the intensity of the magnetic field generated in the riser.
- PSET partial saturation technique
- the magnetic field is generated in a given direction (according to the figures, it is the axis of the tube to inspect) and not according to the orientation of the magnetic son.
- the consequence is an increase in the reluctance of the magnetic circuit and, at equal power supply, a decrease in the intensity of the magnetic field in the layers to be magnetized.
- the drawbacks of this approach therefore remain the need to have very powerful magnets to produce the partial saturation required for the PSET test.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a device and a method for the detection of defects in planar structures, cylindrical or other forms, having superpositions of plies son or ferromagnetic bars of different orientations.
- the device of the invention will find advantageous applications for the detection of defects in structures of the flexible riser type consisting of spiral wires or bars in at least two directions, structures of the twisted cable type (suspended bridge for example), or structures carcass type tires.
- the device of the invention requires a lower power than known devices to effectively magnetize the upper layers of son.
- the device of the invention makes it possible to control the magnetization of the layer to be analyzed. It is possible to keep the layer to be inspected globally unmagnetized to better conduct the magnetic field for detecting defects.
- a device for the detection of defects in a layer to be inspected of a structure having a stack of layers made of an upper layer and one or more lower layers, each layer consisting of magnetic son the wires of each layer being oriented in a different orientation comprises: - first magnetic means capable of creating in the upper layer a magnetic field channeled according to the orientation of the magnetic son of the upper layer; as many magnetic means as lower layers located above the layer to be inspected, each magnetic means being assigned to a lower layer and being able to create in said lower layer a magnetic field channeled according to the orientation of the magnetic son of said assigned layer; and
- Electromagnetic field emission / reception means arranged above the upper layer, the transmission / reception means being able to emit in the layer to be inspected an electromagnetic field, and to receive in response signals representative of the electromagnetic field. state of the magnetic son of the layer to be inspected.
- the magnetic means are capable of creating in the upper layer and in each lower layer situated above the layer to be inspected, a total or partial saturation magnetic field in each of said layers;
- each of the magnetic means is able to magnetize separately said assigned lower layer
- the magnetic means are magnets
- the magnetic means comprise one or more windings fed continuously;
- the magnetic means comprise one or more windings fed over a limited period of time
- the magnetic means are orientable circuits
- the magnetic means are U-shaped magnetic circuits
- the arms of the U are articulated;
- the electromagnetic field emission / reception means are of the eddy current electromagnetic sensor type having transmitter / receiver coils in common function mode or separate functions; the axis of the coils is orientable in the direction of the magnetic threads of the layer to be inspected;
- the electromagnetic field emission / reception means are of the AC-induced magnetic field measurement type (ACFM) or magnetic flux leakage type (MFL) type operating continuously or at very low frequencies;
- ACFM AC-induced magnetic field measurement type
- MFL magnetic flux leakage type
- the electromagnetic field emission / reception means are orientable in the direction of the magnetic wires of the layer to be inspected;
- the electromagnetic field emission / reception means further comprises a magnetic circuit capable of inducing in the lower layer to inspect a magnetization magnetic field according to the orientation of the son of said layer to be inspected;
- the device further comprises means adapted to process and analyze the signals representative of the state of the magnetic son of the layer to be inspected;
- the structure is a tubular duct
- the structure is a flexible riser.
- the invention also covers a non-destructive control system including any of the variants of the device of the invention.
- the invention also covers a method for detecting defects in a layer to be inspected from a structure having a stack of layers made of a top layer and one or more layers lower, each layer being made of magnetic son, the son of each layer being oriented in a different orientation. The method comprises the steps of:
- FIG. 1 schematically illustrates the internal structure of FIG. a flexible oil tanker
- Figure 2 schematically illustrates an alternative embodiment of the device of the invention for the inspection of a two-layer structure
- Figures 3a and 3b show in sectional views XZ and YZ the device according to Figure 2;
- Figure 4 schematically illustrates another alternative embodiment of the device of the invention for the inspection of a two-layer structure;
- Figures 5a and 5b illustrate in sectional views XZ and YZ the device according to Figure 4;
- Figure 6 schematically illustrates an alternative embodiment of the device of the invention for the inspection of a three-layer structure
- Figure 7 illustrates in a view from above the device according to Figure 6;
- Figures 8a and 8b show an embodiment of a non-destructive control system including the device of the invention according to Figure 2, in a perspective of side and top;
- Figure 9 illustrates the joints of the arms of a magnetic U
- Figures 10a and 10b show an embodiment of a non-destructive control system including the device of the invention according to Figure 6, in a perspective of side and top.
- the principle is based on a local saturation of each of the layers which is located above the layer to be inspected.
- a permanent magnetic field in the given direction of each layer is created.
- the magnetic circuit assigned to each layer is oriented in the direction of the armor wires of the layer.
- the saturation of each layer is controlled independently and can be total or partial for each layer.
- the permanent magnetic field can be created in each layer by means of magnets or by one or more windings fed continuously or fed for a limited period of time around the moment of the measurement in order to reduce overheating or to avoid the attraction of the sensor on magnetic parts.
- the power supply can be variable over one cycle, according to different positions of the device to perform measurements.
- Those skilled in the art can derive variants, such as applying alternating or pulsed cycles per position, to demagnetize the materials by suppressing or attenuating the residual magnetic fields, and then having a DC voltage slot to proceed with the measurement.
- an electromagnetic sensor is placed on the surface of the structure to be inspected, above the zone which is magnetized on the different layers, and is oriented in the direction of the wires of the layer to be inspected. and moved along a wire or translated to the surface of the structure to map the tube to be inspected.
- the electromagnetic sensor is a well known eddy current (CF) sensor.
- a sensor CF generally comprises at least one AC powered emission function circuit for generating a local electromagnetic field and at least one receiver responsive to this electromagnetic field.
- the electromagnetic receiver is often constituted by a receiver coil (possibly several connected together, for example a differential) at the terminals of which an electromotive force of the same frequency as that of the AC supply current is induced.
- the sensor CF of the device of the invention can have transmitter / receiver coils in common functions mode or separate functions. It can allow an absolute measurement or differential. When the sensor is moved on the surface of a structure to be inspected, the transmitter circuit is supplied with a sinusoidal signal.
- an electromagnetic field of the same frequency is then emitted into the air and into the structure to be inspected.
- an induced electromotive force originating, on the one hand, from the coupling between the emitter circuit and the receiver coil and, on the other hand, from the magnetic field radiated by the currents induced in the structure (eddy currents).
- the frequency range can range from a few tens of kilohertz to a few megahertz, typically from 10 kilohertz to 1 megahertz.
- the circulation of the induced currents is modified.
- the magnetic field receiver measures the magnetic field resulting from this path change of the induced currents.
- the electromagnetic sensor is of ACFM type for Alternating Current Field Measurement or AC-Induced Magnetic Field Measurement, operating over a wide frequency range, such as a few kilohertz to several hundred kilohertz, typically 1 kilohertz to 300 kilohertz.
- the senor is of the MFL type for Magnetic Flux Leakage or magnetic leakage flux operating conventionally continuously, or operating at very low frequencies between a few Hz and a few tens of Hz, the receiver being a magneto-type sensor -resistive or Hall effect. At these frequencies, the effect of induced currents is negligible and only the magnetic properties of the wires are involved.
- the transmitter of the sensor can be realized by circular or rectangular windings or by a magnetic circuit (with gap), typically V-shaped, conventionally manufactured in ferrite or soft iron optionally laminated, on which coils are wound.
- the axis of this U is oriented in the direction of the son of the buried layer where is made the detection of defects.
- the receiver of the sensor may include windings or field sensors of the Hall effect type or magneto-resistive type (MR).
- MR magneto-resistive type
- the latter family of sensors includes anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR), giant magnetoresistance (GMR), tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR), giant magnet Impedance (GMI).
- the electromagnetic sensor may further include a magnetic circuit for inducing a static magnetic field (especially in the axis of the son) in the layer to be inspected and allow to saturate partially or completely this layer to be inspected, by adding a continuous current in the windings.
- a static magnetic field especially in the axis of the son
- the device of the invention is coupled (wired or not) to an electronic circuit comprising a unit able to process and analyze the signals from the measurements of the electromagnetic sensor, to determine the presence or absence of defects in an inspected layer.
- the device of the invention is described in the figures for the inspection of a structure having two or three layers of armor.
- the magnetic circuits which create magnetic fields along the axis of the wires of the armor layers are illustrated as a gap circuit, typically having an LT-shaped geometry, those skilled in the art can derive operational variants of this geometry.
- the 'U' may be with or without shoes (as shown in Figure 9 at the end of the arm).
- These parts are intended on the one hand to minimize the air gap (For example they can be shaped to the outside diameter of the tube to be inspected), or even more complex shape (particularly beveled feet) so as to increase the flow of the magnetic field in the son.
- FIGS 2 to 5 schematically illustrate alternative embodiments of the device of the invention for the inspection of a two-layer structure.
- the structure is composed of a first ply or layer of upper weave (201, 301, 401, 501) and a second ply or layer of lower weave (202, 302, 402, 502) more buried, and which for the example is the layer to inspect. It is not represented the other layers that can compose the structure, such as those illustrated in Figure 1. Still for the sake of simplicity and clarity, the wire mesh of each armor layer is shown with an orientation of the wires of each layer of 90 ° relative to each other.
- the device of the invention comprises a first magnetic circuit (204, 304, 404, 504), shown in the form of an LT, with an axis parallel to the wires of the upper layer, enabling them to be magnetized by applying a direct current. .
- the applied current makes it possible to create a total magnetization of the layer, however the magnetization may be partial.
- the device further comprises an electromagnetic sensor (206, 306, 406, 506) disposed at the surface of the structure.
- the sensor in the example is shown with two coils operating in separate Transmitter / Receiver (E / R) mode, axis oriented according to the son of the layer to be inspected.
- FIGS. 3a and 3b show, in XZ and YZ sectional views, the device illustrated in FIG. 2.
- FIG. 4 schematically illustrates another alternative embodiment of the device of the invention for the inspection of a two-layer structure, and where an additional magnetic circuit (408, 508) is added to induce a magnetic field in the layer to be inspected.
- the additional magnetic circuit is shown in a V-shape with an axis parallel to the wires of the lower layer.
- 5a and 5b illustrate, in sectional views XZ and YZ, the device illustrated in FIG. 4.
- the example is based on a two-layer structure, but the person skilled in the art can apply the configuration example for inspecting the second layer of a structure having three or more layers.
- Figures 6 and 7 schematically illustrate alternative embodiments of the device of the invention for inspection of the last layer of a three-layer structure.
- the structure is composed of a first ply or layer of upper weave (601, 701), a second ply or layer of upper weave (602, 702) and a third ply or layer of plywood.
- lower armor (603, 703), more buried and to be inspected. It is not represented the other layers that can compose the structure such as those illustrated in Figure 1.
- the wire mesh of the first and second top layers is shown in an orientation of 90 ° relative to each other, and the mesh of the wires of the third lower layer is shown in an orientation different from that of the two upper layers.
- Figure 7 illustrates a top view of the device shown in Figure 6 and the mesh of the three layers.
- the device of the invention comprises in this implementation, a first magnetic circuit (604, 704), shown in the form of LT, with an axis parallel to the wires of the first upper layer (601, 701), and a second magnetic circuit (610, 710), shown in the form of LT, with an axis parallel to the wires of the second upper ply (602, 702).
- Each magnetic circuit magnetizes the son of the corresponding sheet by applying a direct current.
- the current applied to the first magnetic circuit makes it possible to create a total magnetization of the first layer, however the magnetization may be partial.
- the device further comprises an electromagnetic sensor (606, 706) disposed at the surface of the structure.
- the sensor is shown with two coils operating in separate E / R (Transmitter / Receiver) mode, with an axis oriented along the wires of the lower layer to be inspected (603, 703).
- the displacement of the device for making the measurements is preferentially done along the axis of the threads of the third layer to be inspected (as illustrated by the arrow D).
- Figures 8a and 8b show an embodiment of a non-destructive control system including the device of the invention according to Figure 2, from a side perspective ( Figure 8a) and from above ( Figure 8b).
- the system comprises a support (802) on which is mounted an LT-shaped magnetic circuit consisting of two arms (804-1, 804-2) and a central coil (805).
- the magnetic circuit is intended to magnetize the wires of the upper layer to reduce their relative permeability.
- the system includes means for disposing the electromagnetic sensor (806) on the surface of the structure.
- the sizing and position of the transmitter and receiver coils of the sensor are optimized for the structure to be inspected.
- the sensor is preferably located in the center of the magnetic circuit with a minimum air gap relative to the cylinder to be inspected.
- the coils rely on a PCB-type conformable fine support, thin enough to be flexible, which adapts to the curvature of the flexible conduit.
- the support comprises fixing means for adapting it to the diameter of any conduit on which it is fixed, whether rigid or flexible. Pistons make it possible to hold the support in contact with the hose in order to avoid gap variations during the movement. It is also steerable, so that the electromagnetic sensor it supports is oriented according to the orientation of the magnetic son of the layer to be inspected.
- the magnetic circuit is orientable to be positioned in the axis of the wires of the upper armor layer.
- the arms of the magnetic circuit are articulated as shown in FIG. 9.
- the articulation of the arms makes it possible to adjust the orientation of the U as a function of the orientation of the wires of the structure to be inspected and to adapt the magnetic circuit to different diameters of tubes.
- the same sensor device can be used for the inspection of tubes of different structures.
- Figures 10a and 10b show an alternative embodiment of the non-destructive control system of Figure 8 including the device of the invention according to Figure 6, in a side perspective (Figure 10a) and from above ( Figure 10b).
- the system comprises a general support (1002) similar to that of FIG.
- each magnetic circuit is oriented in the axis of the wires of the upper armor layer which it must saturate.
- the arms of the V being articulated for positioning the magnetic circuit as close to the structure to be inspected.
- This decrease in air gap favors the penetration of the magnetic field into the layer to be saturated and the same sensor can be used for different tube diameters.
- the present description illustrates a preferred implementation of the invention, but is not limiting.
- An example of application for flexible conduits has been chosen to allow a good understanding of the principles of the invention, but it is in no way exhaustive and should allow the skilled person to make changes and implementation variants for other applications.
- the device can be adapted to the inspection of multilayer structures while retaining the same principles.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1750879A FR3062481A1 (en) | 2017-02-02 | 2017-02-02 | ELECTROMAGNETIC DEVICE AND METHOD FOR DETECTING DEFECTS |
PCT/EP2018/050991 WO2018141543A2 (en) | 2017-02-02 | 2018-01-16 | Electromagnetic method and device for detecting defects |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3577450A2 true EP3577450A2 (en) | 2019-12-11 |
Family
ID=59296909
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP18701292.7A Withdrawn EP3577450A2 (en) | 2017-02-02 | 2018-01-16 | Electromagnetic method and device for detecting defects |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP3577450A2 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2018214693B2 (en) |
BR (1) | BR112019015872A2 (en) |
FR (1) | FR3062481A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2018141543A2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN113390955B (en) * | 2021-07-08 | 2022-04-19 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Visual monitoring and evaluation method for cracks of alternating current magnetic field |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3244972A (en) * | 1964-03-25 | 1966-04-05 | United States Steel Corp | Test-coil positioning mechanism |
JPS59217158A (en) * | 1983-05-26 | 1984-12-07 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Defect detector |
US5446382A (en) * | 1993-06-23 | 1995-08-29 | The Babcock & Wilcox Company | Eddy current probe having one yoke within another yoke for increased inspection depth, sensitivity and discrimination |
GB0428138D0 (en) * | 2004-12-23 | 2005-01-26 | Aea Technology Plc | Detecting failures in flexible multistrand steel structures |
GB2475314B8 (en) | 2009-11-16 | 2013-09-25 | Innospection Group Ltd | Remote environment inspection apparatus and method |
GB2475315B (en) | 2009-11-16 | 2014-07-16 | Innospection Group Ltd | Inspection apparatus and method |
GB201222927D0 (en) * | 2012-12-19 | 2013-01-30 | Maps Technology Ltd | Detecting failures in flexible multistrand steel structures |
-
2017
- 2017-02-02 FR FR1750879A patent/FR3062481A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2018
- 2018-01-16 AU AU2018214693A patent/AU2018214693B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2018-01-16 WO PCT/EP2018/050991 patent/WO2018141543A2/en unknown
- 2018-01-16 EP EP18701292.7A patent/EP3577450A2/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2018-01-16 BR BR112019015872A patent/BR112019015872A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR3062481A1 (en) | 2018-08-03 |
BR112019015872A2 (en) | 2020-04-14 |
WO2018141543A2 (en) | 2018-08-09 |
AU2018214693B2 (en) | 2022-05-26 |
AU2018214693A1 (en) | 2019-08-22 |
WO2018141543A3 (en) | 2018-10-11 |
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