EP3575542B1 - Mehrzweckleiter und verfahren - Google Patents

Mehrzweckleiter und verfahren Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3575542B1
EP3575542B1 EP19176553.6A EP19176553A EP3575542B1 EP 3575542 B1 EP3575542 B1 EP 3575542B1 EP 19176553 A EP19176553 A EP 19176553A EP 3575542 B1 EP3575542 B1 EP 3575542B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
rail
right rail
ladder
attached
hinge
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP19176553.6A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3575542A1 (de
Inventor
Tek LENTINE
Thomas Parker
Clint BADOWSKI
James Hlebovy
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Werner Co
Original Assignee
Werner Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US16/412,014 external-priority patent/US11851949B2/en
Application filed by Werner Co filed Critical Werner Co
Publication of EP3575542A1 publication Critical patent/EP3575542A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3575542B1 publication Critical patent/EP3575542B1/de
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06C—LADDERS
    • E06C1/00—Ladders in general
    • E06C1/02—Ladders in general with rigid longitudinal member or members
    • E06C1/32—Ladders with a strut which is formed as a ladder and can be secured in line with the ladder
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06C—LADDERS
    • E06C1/00—Ladders in general
    • E06C1/02—Ladders in general with rigid longitudinal member or members
    • E06C1/14—Ladders capable of standing by themselves
    • E06C1/16—Ladders capable of standing by themselves with hinged struts which rest on the ground
    • E06C1/20—Ladders capable of standing by themselves with hinged struts which rest on the ground with supporting struts formed as poles
    • E06C1/22—Ladders capable of standing by themselves with hinged struts which rest on the ground with supporting struts formed as poles with extensible, e.g. telescopic, ladder parts or struts
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06C—LADDERS
    • E06C1/00—Ladders in general
    • E06C1/02—Ladders in general with rigid longitudinal member or members
    • E06C1/14—Ladders capable of standing by themselves
    • E06C1/16—Ladders capable of standing by themselves with hinged struts which rest on the ground
    • E06C1/18—Ladders capable of standing by themselves with hinged struts which rest on the ground with supporting struts formed as ladders
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06C—LADDERS
    • E06C7/00—Component parts, supporting parts, or accessories
    • E06C7/08—Special construction of longitudinal members, or rungs or other treads
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06C—LADDERS
    • E06C7/00—Component parts, supporting parts, or accessories
    • E06C7/08—Special construction of longitudinal members, or rungs or other treads
    • E06C7/081—Rungs or other treads comprising anti-slip features
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06C—LADDERS
    • E06C7/00—Component parts, supporting parts, or accessories
    • E06C7/08—Special construction of longitudinal members, or rungs or other treads
    • E06C7/082—Connections between rungs or treads and longitudinal members
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06C—LADDERS
    • E06C7/00—Component parts, supporting parts, or accessories
    • E06C7/08—Special construction of longitudinal members, or rungs or other treads
    • E06C7/082—Connections between rungs or treads and longitudinal members
    • E06C7/084—Rungs comprising projecting tabs or flanges
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06C—LADDERS
    • E06C7/00—Component parts, supporting parts, or accessories
    • E06C7/10—Reinforcements for ladders
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06C—LADDERS
    • E06C7/00—Component parts, supporting parts, or accessories
    • E06C7/42—Ladder feet; Supports therefor
    • E06C7/423—Ladder stabilising struts
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06C—LADDERS
    • E06C7/00—Component parts, supporting parts, or accessories
    • E06C7/42—Ladder feet; Supports therefor
    • E06C7/46—Non-skid equipment
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06C—LADDERS
    • E06C7/00—Component parts, supporting parts, or accessories
    • E06C7/50—Joints or other connecting parts

Definitions

  • the present invention is related to a lighter weight MT ladder that has an ANSI duty rating of 1A or a lighter weight MT ladder that has an ANSI duty rating of 1AA.
  • references to the "present invention” or “invention” relate to exemplary embodiments and not necessarily to every embodiment encompassed by the appended claims.
  • the present invention is related to a lighter weight MT ladder that has an ANSI duty rating of 1A or a lighter weight MT ladder that has an ANSI duty rating of 1AA that has thinner rails with brackets positioned at higher bending force locations on the rails when subjected to loads to buttress the rails at the higher bending force locations.
  • the strength requirement of the multipurpose ladder is controlling with respect to the light weight requirement because the multipurpose ladder must be safe to use and not fail during use.
  • the ladder could be made to be very light weight, but as soon as someone climbs on it, the ladder bends over or collapses and effectively there is no ladder that can be used for its intended purpose. What is needed is a lighter weight multipurpose ladder which can be used for its intended purpose and meets all the safety requirements required by ANSI.
  • KR20110047913 discloses placing strengthening elements at the top of the inner rails of a ladder adjacent the hinges in order to support the hinges.
  • KR2010/0003558 U describes a multipurpose ladder that has brackets positioned at the joints of a ladder which receive a J - bar to lock the fly section at a desired height relative to the base section. The brackets positioned at these joints provide load support to prevent the ladders from breaking at the joints under load
  • the present invention pertains to a multipurpose ladder as set out in claim 1 below.
  • the present invention pertains to a method for using a multipurpose ladder as set out in claim 12 below.
  • the ladder 10 comprises a first inner section 12 having a first inner right rail 14, a first inner left rail 16 in parallel and spaced relation with the first inner right rail 14 and a plurality of first inner rungs 18 attached to the first inner left and right rail.
  • the ladder 10 comprises a first articulated hinge 20 attached to the first inner right rail 14 with a first set of fasteners 22.
  • the ladder 10 comprises a second articulated hinge 24 attached to the first inner left rail 16 with a second set of fasteners 26.
  • the ladder 10 comprises a second inner section 28 having a second inner right rail 30, and a second inner left rail 32 in parallel and spaced relation with the second inner right rail 30 and a plurality of second inner rungs 34 attached to the second inner left and right rails.
  • the second inner right rail 30 attached to the first articulated hinge 20 and the second inner left rail 32 attached to the second articulated hinge 24 so the second inner section 28 can rotate about the first and second articulated hinges 20, 24 at least 80° relative to the first inner section 12.
  • the ladder 10 comprises a first outer section 36 having a first outer right rail 38, and a first outer left rail 40 in parallel and spaced relation with the first outer right rail 38 and a plurality of first outer rungs 42 attached to the first outer left and right rails.
  • the first outer right rail 38 disposed about the first inner right rail 14 with the first inner right rail 14 sliding up and down relative to the first outer right rail 38.
  • the first outer right rail 38 having a bend 46 of at least 7° outward relative to the first inner right rail 14 which defines a lower portion 44 below the bend 46.
  • the ladder 10 comprises a first locking bar 48 attached to the first outer section 36 which locks the first inner right rail 14 in place relative to the first outer right rail 38 in a locked state and allows the first inner right rail 14 to slide relative to the first outer right rail 38 in the unlocked state.
  • the ladder 10 comprises a second outer section 50 having a second outer right rail 52, and a second outer left rail 54 in parallel and spaced relation with the second outer right rail 52 and a plurality of second outer rungs 56 attached to the second outer left and right rails.
  • the second outer right rail 52 disposed about the second inner right rail 30 with the second inner right rail 30 sliding up and down relative to the second outer right rail 52.
  • the multipurpose ladder has a weight to length ratio of less than 3.59 kg/m (2.41 lbs/ft) as a 4.27m (14') IAA ANSI duty rated multipurpose ladder or a weight to length ratio of less than 3.38 kg/m (2.27 lbs/ft) as a 5.49m (18') IAA ANSI duty rated multipurpose ladder or a weight to length ratio of less than 3.10 kg/m (2.08 lbs/ft) as a 6.71m (22') IAA ANSI duty rated multipurpose ladder or a weight to length ratio of less than 3.48 kg/m (2.34 lbs/ft) as a 7.92m (26') IAA ANSI duty rated multipurpose ladder or a weight to length ratio of less than 2.98kg/m (2.0 lbs/ft) as a 4.27m (14') IA ANSI duty rated multipurpose ladder or a weight to length ratio of less than 2.98kg/m (2.00 lbs/ft) as a 5.
  • Ladders that have an "A" in the rating are heavy duty ladders that can carry heavy loads.
  • IA Ladders can hold up to 136.1kg (300 pounds) without failing. This makes it safe to carry a wide range of items up and down the ladder, including heavier items.
  • Some IA ladders can hold two people at the same time.
  • Type IA ladders are sufficient for most contractor, carpentry, and construction jobs.
  • IAA ladders are the most heavy-duty ladders available. They can support up to 170.1kg (375 pounds) without failing. They are great for jobs that require the user to transport extremely heavy items up and down the ladder.
  • ANSI is an acronym for American National Standards Institute.
  • a ladder that has an ANSI duty rating of IA or IAA has all the necessary features for a user to safely use the ladder and meets all the requirements of the latest ANSI code 2017, incorporated by reference herein. That is, for purposes herein, the weight of the ladder considered for the respective length to weight ratio is the weight of the ladder that has all the necessary features for the ladder to meet all the requirements of the latest ANSI code 2017.
  • brackets 58 By adding brackets 58 in specific locations, the reinforced rails can be lighter weight than is possible without the brackets 58.
  • the MT ladder 10 has achieved a reduced length to weight ratio compared to previously existing MT ladders, and has been realized through the discovery of how to do so while still meeting the requirements and being in conformance with the ANSI code 2017; so, it is not just reducing the weight of any MT ladder but reducing the weight in such a way that a user can safely use the MT ladder 10 because it meets the requirements and is in conformance with ANSI code 2017.
  • This High Strength MT Ladder 10 has been designed to be the lightest MT ladder in the world and have at least an ANSI rating of IA. To accomplish this, both the inner rail and outer rail walls have been made thinner than existing MT ladders. Additionally, the inner steps, rear cross braces, hinge plates, hinge spacers, and outer feet have been optimized for weight savings by eliminating material or decreasing material thickness in areas where the material is not needed.
  • the ladder 10 includes a plurality of brackets 58 disposed about the first outer right rail 38, and the first outer left rail 40, and the second outer right rail 52, and the second outer left rail 54.
  • the brackets 58 providing support to each of the outer right rails and outer left rails and strengthens them against bending forces.
  • the brackets 58 are added to the outer rails of MT ladders to add localized strength to the outer rails.
  • the ladder 10 may include a first bracket 60 of the plurality of brackets 58 disposed about and attached adjacent the top of the first outer right rail 38 above the first locking bar 48.
  • the first bracket 60 having a shape which conforms with a cross sectional shape of the first right outer rail.
  • the first bracket 60 is about 1.27cm (.5 inches) wide and about 0.254 cm (.1 inch) thick all around.
  • the ladder 10 may include a second bracket 62 of the plurality of brackets 58 disposed about the first outer right rail 38 and above and attached adjacent a second highest first outer rung 64 and below the first locking bar 48.
  • the second bracket 62 having a shape which conforms with the cross-sectional shape of the first outer right rail 38.
  • the ladder 10 may include a third bracket 66 of the plurality of brackets 58 disposed about the first outer right rail 38 and below and attached adjacent the second highest first outer rung 64.
  • the third bracket 66 having a shape which conforms with the cross-sectional shape of the first outer right rail 38.
  • the second and third brackets are about 2.54 cm (1 inch) wide and 0.254cm (.1 inch) thick all around.
  • the ladder 10 may include a fourth bracket 68 of the plurality of brackets 58 disposed about and attached adjacent a bottom 70 of the first outer right rail 38.
  • the fourth bracket 68 having a shape which conforms with the cross-sectional shape of the first outer right rail 38.
  • the fourth bracket 68 may be partially covered by a first outer right foot 71 that fits onto the bottom 70 of the first outer right rail 38, as shown in figures 30-32 .
  • the first outer right foot 71, and the first outer left foot 73 that fits onto the bottom 70 of the first outer left rail 40 is made of a one-piece plastic, such as polyurethane.
  • Each first outer foot, and also a second outer right foot and a second outer left foot that fits onto the bottoms of the second outer right rail 52 and second outer left rail 54, respectively, has treads along its bottom surface that context ground for better traction and to prevent slippage of the rails when in use; and has a sleeve in which each respective rail fits into that surrounds the bottom 70 of the respective rail to protect the sides of the respective rail.
  • a single rivet or bolt extends through the sleeve and the respective rail to hold the respective foot to the respective rail.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the sleeve conforms with the cross-sectional shape of the rail. See figure 2 .
  • an inner foot 300 that fits into the bottom of an inner rail.
  • the inner foot 300 has vertical tapered ribs 302 on the outside of the long walls 303 of the upper portion 304 of the inner foot 300.
  • the ribs 302 provide a tight fit with the inner rail.
  • the upper portion 304 has the same cross-sectional rectangular shape of the inner rail, but slightly smaller in width and length so that the upper portion 304 can fit into the inner rail at its bottom.
  • a cutout 306 In the short walls 305 of the upper portion 304 is a cutout 306 through which a lance at the bottom of the inner rail extends from the top flange 94 and the bottom flange 96. The lance of the top flange 94 and the bottom flange 96 provides a positive lock with the cutout 306 to prevent the inner foot from falling out of the inner rail.
  • the bottom portion 308 of the inner foot 300 has treads 310 to improve traction of the inner rails on soft surfaces.
  • the upper portion 304 and the bottom portion 308 can be a one-piece plastic or polyvinyl chloride, or can be two separate pieces that are riveted together, as shown in figure 35 .
  • the ladder 10 may include a lower cross brace 72 attached to the first outer right rail 38 and the first outer left rail 40 adjacent a bottom 70 of the first outer right and left rails, as shown in figures 3 and 28 , and a fifth bracket 74 of the plurality of brackets 58 disposed inside the first outer right rail 38 and attached to the first outer right rail 38 at a location where the lower cross brace 72 is attached to the first outer right rail 38.
  • the fifth bracket 74 having a shape which conforms with the cross-sectional shape of the first outer right rail 38.
  • the ladder 10 may include a sixth bracket 76 of the plurality of brackets 58 disposed inside the first outer right rail 38 and attached to the first outer right rail 38 below the fifth bracket 74 and above the fourth bracket 68.
  • the sixth bracket 76 having a shape which conforms with the cross-sectional shape of the first outer right rail 38.
  • Figure 29 is a perspective view of the first through sixth brackets, subject to the dimensions identified for each of them.
  • Each of the brackets have a catch 250 which captures the associated inner rail to prevent it from slipping out of the outer rail during a horizontal bend test.
  • Outer rungs are double riveted to and between the first outer right and left rails, and to and between the second outer right and left rails.
  • the first articulated hinge 20 may include inner and outer hinge spacers which have bolt holes 80 through which bolts 226 extend to attach the first articulated hinge 20 to the first outer right rail 38 which has localized buttressing 84 about each bolt hole, where the buttressing 84 causes the spacers to be thicker than areas where there is no buttressing 84.
  • the buttressing 84 strengthens the inner and outer hinge spacers against cracking or failure from forces applied to the rivets 226.
  • the fourth, fifth and sixth brackets are about 3.81 cm (1.5 inches) wide and about 0.254 cm (.1 inches) thick all around.
  • a first knee brace 73 extends between and attaches to the lower cross brace 72 and the first outer left rail 40 through the sixth bracket 76, so the sixth bracket 76 receives any forces transmitted from the first knee brace 73 to the first outer left rail 40 through the sixth bracket 76.
  • a second knee brace 75 extends between and attaches to the lowest first outer rung 42 and the first outer left rail 40 through the sixth bracket 76, so the sixth bracket 76 receives any forces transmitted from the second knee brace 75 to the first outer left rail 40 through the sixth bracket 76.
  • the first outer right rail 38 may have a web 86 and a first flange 88 extending perpendicularly from the web 86 and a second flange 90 extending perpendicularly from the web 86 and in parallel and spaced relation with the first flange 88, and wherein the first bracket 60 may have a web 86 and a first flange 88 extending perpendicularly from the web 86 and a second flange 90 extending perpendicularly from the web 86 and in parallel and spaced relation with the first flange 88 of the first bracket 60.
  • the web 86 of the first bracket 60 contacts and conforms with the web 86 of the first outer right rail 38
  • the first flange 88 of the first bracket 60 contacts and conforms with the first bracket 60 of the first outer right rail 38
  • the second flange 90 of the second bracket 62 contacts and conforms with the second flange 90 of the first outer right rail 38.
  • Each of the additional brackets 58, second through sixth also have a web 86, a first flange 88 and a second flange 90 which conform with the web 86, first flange 88 and second flange 90 of the first outer right rail 38 in the same way as described with respect to way the first bracket 60 conforms and the first outer right rail 38.
  • the hinge plates shown in figures 20-25 have material removed to form cutouts 340 in the stem 224 to reduce weight.
  • the stems 224 engage with the rails through bolts 82 that hold the hinge plates to the rails.
  • the present invention pertains to a method for using a multipurpose ladder 10.
  • the method comprises the steps of moving the ladder 10 to a desired location. There is the step of placing the ladder 10 on ground at the desired location so a user can climb the ladder 10.
  • the ladder 10 comprises a first inner section 12 having a first inner right rail 14, a first inner left rail 16 in parallel and spaced relation with the first inner right rail 14 and a plurality of first inner rungs 18 attached to the first inner left and right rail.
  • the ladder 10 comprises a first articulated hinge 20 attached to the first inner right rail 14 with a first set of fasteners 22.
  • the ladder 10 comprises a second articulated hinge 24 attached to the first inner left rail 16 with a second set of fasteners 26.
  • the ladder 10 comprises a second inner section 28 having a second inner right rail 30, and a second inner left rail 32 in parallel and spaced relation with the second inner right rail 30 and a plurality of second inner rungs 34 attached to the second inner left and right rails.
  • the second inner right rail 30 attached to the first articulated hinge 20 and the second inner left rail 32 attached to the second articulated hinge 24 so the second inner section 28 can rotate about the first and second articulated hinges 20, 24 at least 80° relative to the first inner section 12.
  • the ladder 10 comprises a first outer section 36 having a first outer right rail 38, and a first outer left rail 40 in parallel and spaced relation with the first outer right rail 38 and a plurality of first outer rungs 42 attached to the first outer left and right rails.
  • the first outer right rail 38 disposed about the first inner right rail 14 with the first inner right rail 14 sliding up and down relative to the first outer right rail 38.
  • the first outer right rail 38 having a bend 46 of at least 7° outward relative to the first inner right rail 14 which defines a lower portion 44 below the bend 46.
  • the ladder 10 comprises a first locking bar 48 attached to the first outer section 36 which locks the first inner right rail 14 in place relative to the first outer right rail 38 in a locked state and allows the first inner right rail 14 to slide relative to the first outer right rail 38 in the unlocked state.
  • the ladder 10 comprises a second outer section 50 having a second outer right rail 52, and a second outer left rail 54 in parallel and spaced relation with the second outer right rail 52 and a plurality of second outer rungs 56 attached to the second outer left and right rails.
  • the second outer right rail 52 disposed about the second inner right rail 30 with the second inner right rail 30 sliding up and down relative to the second outer right rail 52.
  • the multipurpose ladder has a weight to length ratio of less than 3.59 kg/m (2.41 lbs/ft) as a 4.27m (14') IAA ANSI duty rated multipurpose ladder or a weight to length ratio of less than 3.38 kg/m (2.27 lbs/ft) as a 5.49m (18') IAA ANSI duty rated multipurpose ladder or a weight to length ratio of less than 3.10 kg/m (2.08 lbs/ft) as a 6.71m (22') IAA ANSI duty rated multipurpose ladder or a weight to length ratio of less than 3.48 kg/m (2.34 lbs/ft) as a 7.92m (26') IAA ANSI duty rated multipurpose ladder or a weight to length ratio of less than 2.98kg/m (2.0 lbs/ft) as a 4.27m (14') IA ANSI duty rated multipurpose ladder or a weight to length ratio of less than 2.98kg/m (2.00 lbs/ft) as a 5.
  • the present invention pertains to a method for using a multipurpose ladder 10.
  • the method comprises the steps of moving the ladder 10 to a desired location. There is the step of placing the ladder 10 on ground at the desired location so a user can climb the ladder 10.
  • the ladder 10 comprises a first inner section 12 having a first inner right rail 14, a first inner left rail 16 in parallel and spaced relation with the first inner right rail 14 and a plurality of first inner rungs 18 attached to the first inner left and right rail.
  • the ladder 10 comprises a first articulated hinge 20 attached to the first inner right rail 14 with a first set of fasteners 22.
  • the ladder 10 comprises a second articulated hinge 24 attached to the first inner left rail 16 with a second set of fasteners 26.
  • the ladder 10 comprises a second inner section 28 having a second inner right rail 30, and a second inner left rail 32 in parallel and spaced relation with the second inner right rail 30 and a plurality of second inner rungs 34 attached to the second inner left and right rails.
  • the second inner right rail 30 attached to the first articulated hinge 20 and the second inner left rail 32 attached to the second articulated hinge 24 so the second inner section 28 can rotate about the first and second articulated hinges 20, 24 at least 80° relative to the first inner section 12.
  • the ladder 10 comprises a first outer section 36 having a first outer right rail 38, and a first outer left rail 40 in parallel and spaced relation with the first outer right rail 38 and a plurality of first outer rungs 42 attached to the first outer left and right rails.
  • the first outer right rail 38 disposed about the first inner right rail 14 with the first inner right rail 14 sliding up and down relative to the first outer right rail 38.
  • the first outer right rail 38 having a bend 46 of at least 7° outward relative to the first inner right rail 14 which defines a lower portion 44 below the bend 46.
  • the ladder 10 comprises a first locking bar 48 attached to the first outer section 36 which locks the first inner right rail 14 in place relative to the first outer right rail 38 in a locked state and allows the first inner right rail 14 to slide relative to the first outer right rail 38 in the unlocked state.
  • the ladder 10 comprises a second outer section 50 having a second outer right rail 52, and a second outer left rail 54 in parallel and spaced relation with the second outer right rail 52 and a plurality of second outer rungs 56 attached to the second outer left and right rails.
  • the second outer right rail 52 disposed about the second inner right rail 30 with the second inner right rail 30 sliding up and down relative to the second outer right rail 52.
  • the multipurpose ladder 10 comprises a plurality of brackets 58 disposed about the first outer right rail 38, and the first outer left rail 40, and the second outer right rail 52, and the second outer left rail 54.
  • the brackets 58 providing support to each of the outer right rails and outer left rails and strengthens them against bending forces.
  • the multipurpose ladder 10 having an ANSI duty rating of 1A and supports 136.1kg (300 lbs) of load without failing.
  • the present invention pertains to a method for producing a multipurpose ladder 10.
  • the method comprises the steps of assembling the ladder 10 with a first inner section 12 having a first inner right rail 14, a first inner left rail 16 in parallel and spaced relation with the first inner right rail 14 and a plurality of first inner rungs 18 attached to the first inner left and right rail. Attaching a first articulated hinge 20 to the first inner right rail 14 with a first set of fasteners 22. Attaching a second articulated hinge 24 to the first inner left rail 16 with a second set of fasteners 26.
  • the ladder 10 comprises a second inner section 28 having a second inner right rail 30, and a second inner left rail 32 in parallel and spaced relation with the second inner right rail 30 and a plurality of second inner rungs 34 attached to the second inner left and right rails.
  • the second inner right rail 30 attached to the first articulated hinge 20 and the second inner left rail 32 attached to the second articulated hinge 24 so the second inner section 28 can rotate about the first and second articulated hinges 20, 24 at least 80° relative to the first inner section 12.
  • the ladder 10 comprises a first outer section 36 having a first outer right rail 38, and a first outer left rail 40 in parallel and spaced relation with the first outer right rail 38 and a plurality of first outer rungs 42 attached to the first outer left and right rails.
  • the first outer right rail 38 disposed about the first inner right rail 14 with the first inner right rail 14 sliding up and down relative to the first outer right rail 38.
  • the first outer right rail 38 having a bend 46 of at least 7° outward relative to the first inner right rail 14 which defines a lower portion 44 below the bend 46.
  • the ladder 10 comprises a first locking bar 48 attached to the first outer section 36 which locks the first inner right rail 14 in place relative to the first outer right rail 38 in a locked state and allows the first inner right rail 14 to slide relative to the first outer right rail 38 in the unlocked state.
  • the ladder 10 comprises a second outer section 50 having a second outer right rail 52, and a second outer left rail 54 in parallel and spaced relation with the second outer right rail 52 and a plurality of second outer rungs 56 attached to the second outer left and right rails.
  • the second outer right rail 52 disposed about the second inner right rail 30 with the second inner right rail 30 sliding up and down relative to the second outer right rail 52.
  • the multipurpose ladder has a weight to length ratio of less than 3.59 kg/m (2.41 lbs/ft) as a 4.27m (14') IAA ANSI duty rated multipurpose ladder or a weight to length ratio of less than 3.38 kg/m (2.27 lbs/ft) as a 5.49m (18') IAA ANSI duty rated multipurpose ladder or a weight to length ratio of less than 3.10 kg/m (2.08 lbs/ft) as a 6.71m (22') IAA ANSI duty rated multipurpose ladder or a weight to length ratio of less than 3.48 kg/m (2.34 lbs/ft) as a 7.92m (26') IAA ANSI duty rated multipurpose ladder or a weight to length ratio of less than 2.98kg/m (2.0 lbs/ft) as a 4.27m (14') IA ANSI duty rated multipurpose ladder or a weight to length ratio of less than 2.98kg/m (2.00 lbs/ft) as a 5.
  • the present invention pertains to a method for producing a multipurpose ladder 10.
  • the method comprises the steps of assembling the ladder 10 with a first inner section 12 having a first inner right rail 14, a first inner left rail 16 in parallel and spaced relation with the first inner right rail 14 and a plurality of first inner rungs 18 attached to the first inner left and right rail. Attaching a first articulated hinge 20 to the first inner right rail 14 with a first set of fasteners 22. Attaching a second articulated hinge 24 to the first inner left rail 16 with a second set of fasteners 26.
  • the ladder 10 comprises a second inner section 28 having a second inner right rail 30, and a second inner left rail 32 in parallel and spaced relation with the second inner right rail 30 and a plurality of second inner rungs 34 attached to the second inner left and right rails.
  • the second inner right rail 30 attached to the first articulated hinge 20 and the second inner left rail 32 attached to the second articulated hinge 24 so the second inner section 28 can rotate about the first and second articulated hinges 20, 24 at least 80° relative to the first inner section 12.
  • the ladder 10 comprises a first outer section 36 having a first outer right rail 38, and a first outer left rail 40 in parallel and spaced relation with the first outer right rail 38 and a plurality of first outer rungs 42 attached to the first outer left and right rails.
  • the first outer right rail 38 disposed about the first inner right rail 14 with the first inner right rail 14 sliding up and down relative to the first outer right rail 38.
  • the first outer right rail 38 having a bend 46 of at least 7° outward relative to the first inner right rail 14 which defines a lower portion 44 below the bend 46.
  • the ladder 10 comprises a first locking bar 48 attached to the first outer section 36 which locks the first inner right rail 14 in place relative to the first outer right rail 38 in a locked state and allows the first inner right rail 14 to slide relative to the first outer right rail 38 in the unlocked state.
  • the ladder 10 comprises a second outer section 50 having a second outer right rail 52, and a second outer left rail 54 in parallel and spaced relation with the second outer right rail 52 and a plurality of second outer rungs 56 attached to the second outer left and right rails.
  • the second outer right rail 52 disposed about the second inner right rail 30 with the second inner right rail 30 sliding up and down relative to the second outer right rail 52.
  • the multipurpose ladder 10 comprises a plurality of brackets 58 disposed about the first outer right rail 38, and the first outer left rail 40, and the second outer right rail 52, and the second outer left rail 54.
  • the brackets 58 providing support to each of the outer right rails and outer left rails and strengthens them against bending forces.
  • the multipurpose ladder 10 having an ANSI duty rating of 1A and supports 136.1 kg (300 lbs.) of load without failing.
  • Each outer rail has a web 86 that is thinner than 0.104 cm (.041 inches) thick, with more than 80% of the web 86 having a rounded surface, as shown in figures 4 and 5 .
  • Each outer rail has a height that is at least 7.62 cm (3 inches) long, with a cross section that is less than 1.94 cm 2 (.3 in ⁇ 2) , and a ly that is greater than .45 in ⁇ 4.
  • each outer rail has a web 86 that is 0.104cm (.040 inches) thick for maximum weight savings for the 14IAA, 18IAA and 22IAA MT ladders, where the 14, 18 and 22 identify the height of the MT ladder 10 in feet, respectively. More than 80% of the web has a rounded surface which allows for internal reinforcement and a more comfortable grip by a user.
  • each outer rail has a height that is 8.31 cm (3.27 inches) long, a cross section that is 1.80 cm 2 (.279 in ⁇ 2), and a ly that is .473 in ⁇ 4.
  • the first flange 88 and second flange 90 of the outer rail are 0.130 cm (.051 inches) thick.
  • Each inner rail has a cross-section of a hollow box and has a web 92 that is thinner than 0.104cm (.041 inches) thick, and a height that is at least 7.1cm (2.8 inches) long, with a cross section that is less than 2.64 cm 2 (.41 in ⁇ 2) and a ly that is greater than .5 in ⁇ 4, as shown in figures 6 and 7 .
  • each inner rail has a right and left web that each is 0.102cm (.040 inches) thick for maximum weight savings and an inner rail top flange 94 and bottom flange 96 that is 0.2286cm (.09 inches) thick.
  • each inner rail has a height that is 7.62cm (3.00 inches) long, a cross section that is 2.59 cm 2 (.402 in ⁇ 2), and a ly that is .520 in ⁇ 4.
  • the right and left webs of the inner rail are in parallel and spaced relation and attach perpendicularly with the inner rail top and bottom flanges to form the hollow box.
  • the top of each inner rail which receives a stem 224 of the hinge 20 is slanted downward and inward at an angle of about 27 degrees, as shown in figure 19 .
  • each outer rail there is a reinforcement plate 98, as shown in figures 9-13 , disposed on the inside of each outer rail which extends from an upper section 100 of each outer rail above a bend 102 in each outer rail to at least 10.16cm (4 inches) down along the lower section 104 of each outer rail.
  • the reinforcement plate 98 conforms to the shape of the inner surface of outer rail.
  • the reinforcement plate 98 has a web 106 which is curved with the same curve as the web 86 of the outer rail, and a top reinforcement flange 108 and a bottom reinforcement flange 110 attached to the web 106 of the reinforcement plate 98 at the web's 106 ends.
  • the top and bottom reinforcement flanges are about 0.64cm (.25 inches) wide and about 0.56cm (.22 inches) long.
  • the reinforcing plate 98 was added to the inside of each of the outer rails on the 22IAA and 26IAA models in order to pass the ANSI Single J Lock Test. Moving the material to the ends of the reinforcement plate 98 achieves the needed strength but allows the part to be low profile and fit inside of the outer rail without interfering with the operation of the ladder.
  • the reinforcement plate 98 is disposed on the inside of the outer rail and conforms to the shape of inner surface of outer rail.
  • the reinforcing plate 98 has an upper section 100 that extends about 1.5 inches from above a bend 102, and a lower section 104 that extends about 16.51cm (6.5 inches) below the bend 102.
  • the reinforcing plate 98 has a web 106 which is about 0.102cm (.040 inches) thick and a curvature that conforms with and is essentially the same as the curvature of web 86 of the outer rail.
  • the outer rail has an upper section 112 and a lower section 114 and a bend 116 therebetween, and the upper section 100 and the lower section 104 and the bend 102 of the reinforcing plate 98 fits inside the corresponding sections of the outer rail.
  • the reinforcing plate 98 is made of Aluminum 6061-T6, 6005-T5 or an engineering equivalent.
  • At least one inner rung comprises a hollow center portion 118; a top web 120 which extends upwards from the center portion 118, and a top flange 122 having a flat surface 124 on which a user can place a foot to stand on, as shown in figures 14-16 .
  • the top flange 122 is attached to the top web 120 at an acute angle, preferably about 17 degrees, with the top web 120 so the flat surface 124 faces away from a center of the ladder with the top web 120 between the top flange 122 and the center portion 118.
  • the top web 120 is less than 0.104cm (.041 inches) thick.
  • the at least one inner rung comprises a bottom web 126 which extends downwards from the center portion 118, and a bottom flange 128 having a flat surface 124 on which a user can place a foot to stand on.
  • the bottom flange 128 is attached to the bottom web 126 at an acute angle with the bottom web 126 so the flat surface 124 of the bottom flange 128 faces away from the center of the ladder with the bottom web 126 between the bottom flange 128 and the center portion 118.
  • the bottom web 126 is less than 0.104cm (.041 inches) thick.
  • the center portion 118 extends beyond the top and bottom flanges of the one inner rung so the center portion 118 extends through the first inner right rail 14 and the first inner left rail 16 and is swaged to them to fix the one inner rung in place.
  • the inner web 92 of the first inner right rail 14 and the first inner left rail 16 has a first hole 130 and a second hole 132 and a third hole 134 and a fourth hole 136, as shown in figures 17 and 18 .
  • the top flange 122 of the first inner rung 18 has a first nub 140 that extends from a first end 148 and a first edge 150 of the top flange 122 that engages with the first hole 130 of the inner web 92 of the first inner right rail 14 and a second nub 142 that extends from the first end 148 and a second edge 152 of the top flange 122 that engages with the second hole 132 of the inner web 92 of the first inner right rail 14 and a third nub 144 that extends from a second end 154 and the first edge 150 of the top flange 122 that engages with the first hole 130 of the inner web 92 of the first inner left rail 16 and a fourth nub 146 that extends from the second end 154 and the second edge 152 of
  • the bottom flange 128 of the first inner rung 18 has a first nub 240 that extends from a first end 248 and a first edge 250 of the bottom flange 128 that engages with the third hole 134 of the inner web 92 of the first inner right rail 14 and a second nub 142 that extends from the first end 248 and a second edge 252 of the bottom flange 128 that engages with the fourth hole 136 of the inner web 92 of the first inner right rail 14 and a third nub 244 that extends from a second end 254 and the first edge 250 of the bottom flange 128 that engages with the third hole 134 of the inner web 92 of the first inner left rail 16 and a fourth nub 246 that extends from the second end 254 and the second edge 252 of the bottom flange 128 that engages with the fourth hole 136 of the inner web 92 of the first inner left rail 16.
  • the inner rung has been optimized to move material away from the centroid of the part (thinner webs and swage, thicker flanges) to facilitate a lighter weight design that still passes ANSI codes for step strength. Additionally, there are four nubs at the end of the inner rung that engage holes in the inner rail. Without this engagement, the step collapses during the step-to-side rail shear ANSI test.
  • the hinge comprises an outer hinge plate assembly 200, as shown in figures 2022, having a left outer hinge plate 202, an outer hinge plate spacer 206 attached to the left outer hinge plate 202, and a right outer hinge plate 204 attached to the outer hinge plate spacer 206 with the outer hinge plate spacer 206 disposed between the right and left outer hinge plates 204, 202, and a stop rivet 208 attached to and extending between the right and left outer hinge plates 202, 204 and at least 1.27cm (.5 inches) from an outer surface of the right and left outer hinge plates 204, 202 and disposed above the outer hinge plate spacer 206.
  • the left and right outer hinge plates 202, 204 defining a gap 218 between them.
  • the hinge comprises an inner hinge plate assembly 210, as shown in figures 23-25 , having a left inner hinge plate 212, a center inner hinge plate spacer 216 attached to the left inner hinge plate 212, and a right inner hinge plate 214 attached to the center inner hinge plate spacer 216 with the center inner hinge plate spacer 216 disposed between the right and left inner hinge plates 214, 212.
  • the left and right inner hinge plates 212, 214 and the center inner hinge plate spacer 216 disposed in the gap 218 of the outer hinge plate assembly 200 each having a groove 220 in alignment.
  • the articulated hinge comprises a pin 222 which extends through the left and right outer hinge plates 202, 204 and the left and right inner hinge plates 212, 214 and the center inner hinge plate spacer 216.
  • the left and right outer hinge plates 202, 204 rotate about the pin 222 relative to the left and right outer hinge plates 202, 204 and the center inner hinge plate.
  • each groove 220 abuts the stop rivet 208 and is stopped by the stop rivet 208 from further rotation.
  • the safety stop created by the stop rivet 208 is hidden well within the hinge to eliminate in the pinch point, as shown in figure 19 .
  • the left and right inner and outer hinge plates and spacers each have a stem 224, as shown in figures 20-25 , that engages with the inner rails with the stem 224 inserted into and disposed into the hollow box of the inner rails and riveted in place with rivets 226 through the web 92 of the inner rail and the stem 224.
  • Extending from the stem 224 of the left and right inner and outer hinge plates is a neck 228 which transitions to a connection portion 230, that has a circular shape with a pin hole 232 at about the center of the connection portion 230 to receive the pin 222.
  • the left and right inner and outer hinge plates at about the center of the neck 228 is a stop rivet hole 234 through which the stop rivet 208 is disposed, and adjacent the bottom of the stem 224 is a cutout 340 where material has been removed to lessen the overall weight of the ladder.
  • the left and right inner hinge plates 212, 214 also have cutouts 340 at about the center of their neck 228. The safety stop position of the hinge was moved to put it inside of the hinge plate assemblies which eliminates a pinch point that other MT ladders have.
  • the inner hinge plate assembly 210 has left and right inner hinge plate spacers 236, 238, with the left inner hinge plate spacer 236 in direct contact with the left inner hinge plate 212, and the right inner hinge plate spacer 238 in direct contact with the right inner hinge plate 214, with the left and right inner hinge plates 212, 214 and the center inner hinge plate spacer 216 disposed between the left and right inner hinge plate spacers 236, 238.
  • the spacers were made of plastic or polypropylene.
  • the outer hinge plate spacer 206 is between 1.27cm and 1.52cm (.6 and .7 inches) thick.
  • the center inner hinge plate spacer 216 is between 0.51cm and 0.76cm (.2 and .3 inches) thick.
  • the left and right inner hinge plate spacers are between 0.33cm and 0.38cm (.13 and .15 inches) thick.
  • the left and right inner hinge plates are between 0.33cm and 0.41cm (.13 and .16 inches) thick.
  • the left and right outer hinge plates are between 0.33cm and 0.36cm (.13 and .14 inches) thick.
  • the outer hinge plate assembly 200 is between 1.78cm and 2.29cm (.7 and .9 inches) thick.
  • the inner hinge plate assembly is between 1.78cm and 2.29cm (.7 and .9 inches) thick.
  • hinge plate thicknesses were minimized to reduce weight.
  • two design changes regarding the hinge were required.
  • Cutouts 340 were added to the hinge plates to remove material in locations where it was unneeded for strength in order to lighten the parts.
  • the 14 foot and 18 foot MT ladders 10 use semi-tube rivets 226 and have a different hole pattern than the 22 foot and 26 foot MT ladders 10.
  • the 22 foot and 26 foot MT ladders use solid rivets 226 due to higher stresses experienced during testing.
  • a J lock reinforcing plate 342 made of metal, such as aluminum, has a J lock plate hole 344 and is attached with rivets 226 to the inside of the outer rail so the J lock plate hole 344 aligns with the J lock outer rail hole 346 so the J lock fits in and extends through the J lock plate hole 344 and the J lock outer rail hole 346, as shown in figures 1 , 26 and 27 .
  • the J lock reinforcing plate 342 was added to the inside of the outer rail to provide additional strength around the J lock in order to pass ANSI load tests such as the Step to Siderail Shear test. This design change was necessitated by the 0.040" thick outer rail web.
  • the thickness of the J lock reinforcing plate 342 is between 0.76 cm and 1.02cm (.3 and .4 inches) thick and preferably 0.91cm (.36 inches) thick. It is about 4.06cm (1.6 inches) long by 4.06cm (1.6 inches) wide and has rectangular or square shape. Preferably 4 rivets 226 attach the J lock reinforcing plate 342 to the outer rail.
  • Tests that are required for the MT ladder to pass to be ANSI IAA rated, besides being able to support loads of 170.1kgs (375 lbs.), include the following: Step-to-siderail shear test: 165.9 kg.m (1200 lbf) applied for 60 sec to the side of each rung that has a different profile and no component of the ladder fails. Ladder in step ladder mode.
  • Test load is 69.1 kg.m (500 lbf) for IA and 83.0 kg.m (600 lbf) for IAA and is applied at a right angle to the bottom 70 of the first right outer rail 38 of the ladder 10 at the web 86, as shown in figure 8 , and the first right outer rail 38 of the ladder 10 does not fail.
  • the MT ladder 10 passes all of these tests.

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Claims (12)

  1. Mehrzweckleiter (10), umfassend:
    einen ersten inneren Abschnitt (12), der einen ersten inneren rechten Holm (14), einen ersten inneren linken Holm (16), der parallel und beabstandet in Bezug auf den ersten inneren rechten Holm (14) verläuft, und eine Vielzahl von ersten inneren Sprossen (18), die an dem ersten inneren linken und rechten Holm (16, 14) angebracht ist, aufweist;
    ein erstes Gelenkscharnier (20), das an dem ersten inneren rechten Holm (14) mit einem ersten Satz von Befestigungselementen (22) angebracht ist;
    ein zweites Gelenkscharnier (24), das an dem ersten inneren linken Holm (16) mit einem zweiten Satz von Befestigungselementen (26) angebracht ist;
    einen zweiten inneren Abschnitt (28), der einen zweiten inneren rechten Holm (30) und einen zweiten inneren linken Holm (32), der parallel und beabstandet in Bezug auf den zweiten inneren rechten Holm (30) verläuft, und eine Vielzahl von zweiten inneren Sprossen (34), die an dem zweiten inneren linken und rechten Holm (32, 30) angebracht ist, aufweist, wobei der zweite innere rechte Holm (30) an dem ersten Gelenkscharnier (20) angebracht ist und der zweite innere linke Holm (32) an dem zweiten Gelenkscharnier (24) angebracht ist, sodass der zweite innere Abschnitt (28) um das erste und zweite Gelenkscharnier (20, 24) mindestens 80° relativ zu dem ersten inneren Abschnitt (12) drehbar ist;
    einen ersten äußeren Abschnitt (36), der einen ersten äußeren rechten Holm (38) und einen ersten äußeren linken Holm (40), der parallel und beabstandet in Bezug auf den ersten äußeren rechten Holm (38) verläuft, und eine Vielzahl von ersten äußeren Sprossen (42), die an dem ersten äußeren linken und rechten Holm (40, 38) angebracht ist, aufweist, wobei der erste äußere rechte Holm (38) um den ersten inneren rechten Holm (14) angeordnet ist, wobei der erste innere rechte Holm (14) relativ zu dem ersten äußeren rechten Holm (38) auf und ab gleitet, wobei der erste äußere rechte Holm (38) eine Biegung (46) von mindestens 7° nach außen relativ zu dem ersten inneren rechten Holm (14) aufweist, die einen unteren Abschnitt (44) unterhalb der Biegung (46) definiert;
    eine erste Verriegelungsstange (48), die an dem ersten äußeren Abschnitt (36) angebracht ist und die den ersten inneren rechten Holm (14) in einem verriegelten Zustand relativ zu dem ersten äußeren rechten Holm (38) arretiert und im entriegelten Zustand ein Gleiten des ersten inneren rechten Holms (14) relativ zu dem ersten äußeren rechten Holm (38) erlaubt;
    einen zweiten äußeren Abschnitt (50), der einen zweiten äußeren rechten Holm (52) und einen zweiten äußeren linken Holm (54), der parallel und beabstandet in Bezug auf den zweiten äußeren rechten Holm (52) verläuft, und eine Vielzahl von zweiten äußeren Sprossen (56), die an dem zweiten äußeren linken und rechten Holm (54, 52) angebracht ist, aufweist, wobei der zweite äußere rechte Holm (52) um den zweiten inneren rechten Holm (30) angeordnet ist, wobei der zweite innere rechte Holm (30) relativ zu dem zweiten äußeren rechten Holm (52) auf und ab gleitet; und
    wobei die Leiter eine Vielzahl von Beschlägen (58) aufweist, die um den ersten äußeren rechten Holm (38) und den ersten äußeren linken Holm (40) und den zweiten äußeren rechten Holm (52) und den zweiten äußeren linken Holm (54) angeordnet ist, wobei die Beschläge (58) eine Stütze für jeden der äußeren rechten Holme (38, 52) und äußeren linken Holme (40, 54) bereitstellen und diese gegenüber Biegekräften verstärken, und durch einen ersten Beschlag (60) der Vielzahl von Beschlägen (58), der um die Oberseite des ersten äußeren rechten Holms (38) angeordnet ist und benachbart zu dieser über der ersten Verriegelungsstange (48) angebracht ist, wobei der erste Beschlag (60) eine Form aufweist, die mit einer Querschnittsform des ersten rechten äußeren Holms (38) übereinstimmt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mehrzweckleiter (10) eine ANSI-Belastungseinstufung von 1A aufweist und 136,08 kg (300 lbs) Last, ohne zu versagen, trägt oder ein Gewicht-zu-Länge-Verhältnis von weniger als 3,59 kg/m (2,41 lbs/ft) als 4,27 m (14') lange Mehrzweckleiter mit einer ANSI-Belastungseinstufung von IAA aufweist oder ein Gewicht-zu-Länge-Verhältnis von weniger als 3,38 kg/m (2,27 lbs/ft) als 5,49 m (18') lange Mehrzweckleiter mit einer ANSI-Belastungseinstufung von IAA aufweist oder ein Gewicht-zu-Länge-Verhältnis von weniger als 3,10 kg/m (2,08 lbs/ft) als 6,71 m (22') lange Mehrzweckleiter mit einer ANSI-Belastungseinstufung von IAA aufweist oder ein Gewicht-zu-Länge-Verhältnis von weniger als 3,48 kg/m (2,34 lbs/ft) als 7,92 m (26') lange Mehrzweckleiter mit einer ANSI-Belastungseinstufung von IAA aufweist oder ein Gewicht-zu-Länge-Verhältnis von weniger als 2,98 kg/m (2,0 lbs/ft) als 4,27 m (14') lange Mehrzweckleiter mit einer ANSI-Belastungseinstufung von IA aufweist oder ein Gewicht-zu-Länge-Verhältnis von weniger als 2,98 kg/m (2,00 lbs/ft) als 5,49 m (18') lange Mehrzweckleiter mit einer ANSI-Belastungseinstufung von IA aufweist oder ein Gewicht-zu-Länge-Verhältnis von weniger als 2,82 kg/m (1,90 lbs/ft) als 6,71 m (22') lange Mehrzweckleiter mit einer ANSI-Belastungseinstufung von IA aufweist oder ein Gewicht-zu-Länge-Verhältnis von weniger als 2,98 kg/m (2,00 lbs/ft) als 7,92 m (26') lange Mehrzweckleiter mit einer ANSI-Belastungseinstufung von IA aufweist, und gekennzeichnet durch einen zweiten Beschlag (62) der Vielzahl von Beschlägen (58), der um den ersten äußeren rechten Holm (38) und darüber angeordnet ist und benachbart zu einer zweithöchsten ersten äußeren Sprosse (64) und unter der ersten Verriegelungsstange (48) angebracht ist, wobei der zweite Beschlag (62) eine Form aufweist, die mit der Querschnittsform des ersten äußeren rechten Holms (38) übereinstimmt.
  2. Leiter (10) nach Anspruch 1, beinhaltend einen dritten Beschlag (66) der Vielzahl von Beschlägen (58), der um den ersten äußeren rechten Holm (38) und darunter angeordnet ist und benachbart zu der zweithöchsten ersten äußeren Sprosse (64) angebracht ist, wobei der dritte Beschlag (66) eine Form aufweist, die mit der Querschnittsform des ersten äußeren rechten Holms (38) übereinstimmt; und einen vierten Beschlag (68) der Vielzahl von Beschlägen (58), der um eine Unterseite (70) des ersten äußeren rechten Holms (38) angeordnet ist und benachbart zu dieser angebracht ist, wobei der vierte Beschlag (68) eine Form aufweist die der Querschnittsform des ersten äußeren rechten Holms (38) entspricht.
  3. Leiter (10) nach Anspruch 2, beinhaltend eine untere Querstrebe (72), die an dem ersten äußeren rechten Holm (38) und dem ersten äußeren linken Holm (40) benachbart zu einer Unterseite (70) des ersten äußeren rechten und linken Holms (38, 40) angebracht ist; einen fünften Beschlag (74) der Vielzahl von Beschlägen (58), der innerhalb des ersten äußeren rechten Holms (38) angeordnet ist und an dem ersten äußeren rechten Holm (38) an einer Stelle angebracht ist, an der die untere Querstrebe (72) an dem ersten äußeren rechten Holm (38) angebracht ist, wobei der fünfte Beschlag (74) eine Form aufweist, die der Querschnittsform des ersten äußeren rechten Holms (38) entspricht; und einen sechsten Beschlag (76) der Vielzahl von Beschlägen (58), der innerhalb des ersten äußeren rechten Holms (38) angeordnet ist und an dem ersten äußeren rechten Holm (38) unter dem fünften Beschlag (74) und über dem vierten Beschlag (68) angebracht ist, wobei der sechste Beschlag (76) eine Form aufweist, die der Querschnittsform des ersten äußeren rechten Holms (38) entspricht.
  4. Leiter (10) nach Anspruch 3, wobei das erste Gelenkscharnier (20) einen äußeren Gelenkabstandshalter beinhaltet, der Bolzenlöcher (80) aufweist, durch die sich Bolzen (226) erstrecken, um das erste Gelenkscharnier (20) an dem ersten äußeren rechten Holm (38) anzubringen, der eine lokale Verstärkung (84) um jedes Bolzenloch (80) aufweist, wobei die Verstärkung (84) bewirkt, dass der äußere Gelenkabstandshalter dicker ist als Bereiche, in denen keine Verstärkung (84) vorhanden ist, wobei die Verstärkung (84) das äußere Gelenkscharnier gegen Rissbildung oder Versagen durch auf die Bolzen (226) aufgebrachte Kräfte verstärkt.
  5. Leiter (10) nach Anspruch 4, wobei der erste äußere rechte Holm (38) einen Steg (86) und einen ersten Flansch (88), der sich senkrecht von dem Steg (86) erstreckt, und einen zweiten Flansch (90), der sich senkrecht von dem Steg (86) und parallel und beabstandet in Bezug auf den ersten Flansch (88) erstreckt, aufweist und wobei der erste Beschlag (60) einen Steg (86) und einen ersten Flansch (88), der sich senkrecht von dem Steg (86) erstreckt, und einen zweiten Flansch (90), der sich senkrecht von dem Steg und parallel und beabstandet in Bezug auf den ersten Flansch (88) des ersten Beschlags (60) erstreckt, aufweist, der Steg (86) des ersten Beschlags (60) den Steg (86) des ersten äußeren rechten Holms (38) berührt und mit diesem übereinstimmt, der erste Flansch (88) des ersten Beschlags (60) den ersten Beschlag (60) des ersten äußeren rechten Holms (38) berührt und mit diesem übereinstimmt und der zweite Flansch (90) des zweiten Beschlags (62) den zweiten Flansch (90) des ersten äußeren rechten Holms (38) berührt und mit diesem übereinstimmt.
  6. Leiter (10) nach Anspruch 5, wobei der erste und zweite äußere rechte Holm (38, 52) und der erste und zweite äußere linke Holm (40, 54) jeweils einen Steg (86) aufweisen, der weniger als 0,041 Zoll dick ist.
  7. Leiter (10) nach Anspruch 6, beinhaltend eine Verstärkungsplatte (98), die unter und in Berührung mit dem ersten äußeren rechten Holm (38) fluchtend miteinander angeordnet ist, wobei die Verstärkungsplatte (98) und der erste äußere rechte Holm (38) jeweils einen oberen Abschnitt (100, 112) und eine Biegung (102, 116), die mit dem oberen Abschnitt (100, 112) verbunden ist, und einen unteren Abschnitt (104, 114), der mit der Biegung (102, 116) verbunden ist, aufweisen, wobei die Biegung (102, 116) zwischen den oberen und unteren Abschnitten (100, 112, 104, 114), die Biegung (102) der Verstärkungsplatte (98) und die Biegung (116) des ersten äußeren rechten Holms (38) sich berühren, der obere Abschnitt (100) der Verstärkungsplatte (98) und der obere Abschnitt (112) des ersten äußeren rechten Holms (38) sich berühren, der untere Abschnitt (104) der Verstärkungsplatte (98) und der untere Abschnitt (114) des ersten äußeren rechten Holms (38) sich berühren.
  8. Leiter (10) nach Anspruch 7, wobei der erste innere rechte Holm (14) und die erste innere linke Holm (16) Löcher (130) aufweisen und eine erste Sprosse der ersten inneren Sprossen (18) an jedem Ende (148, 154) der ersten Sprosse Noppen (140) aufweist, die in die Löcher (130) des ersten inneren rechten (14) und linken Holms (16) passen.
  9. Leiter (10) nach Anspruch 8, wobei die erste Sprosse einen hohlen mittleren Abschnitt (118); einen oberen Steg (120), der sich von dem mittleren Abschnitt (118) nach oben erstreckt, und einen oberen Flansch (122) umfasst, der eine ebene Fläche (124) aufweist, auf die ein Benutzer einen Fuß aufsetzen kann, um darauf zu stehen, der obere Flansch (122) an dem oberen Steg (120) in einem spitzen Winkel mit dem oberen Steg (120) so angebracht ist, dass die ebene Fläche (124) von einem Mittelpunkt der Leiter (10) abgewandt ist, wobei der obere Steg (120) zwischen dem oberen Flansch (122) und dem mittleren Abschnitt (118) liegt, der obere Steg (120) weniger als 0,041 Zoll dick ist, die mindestens eine innere Sprosse einen unteren Steg (126), der sich von dem mittleren Abschnitt (118) nach unten erstreckt, und einen unteren Flansch (128) umfasst, der eine ebene Fläche (124) aufweist, auf die ein Benutzer einen Fuß aufsetzen kann, um darauf zu stehen, der untere Flansch (128) an dem unteren Steg (126) in einem spitzen Winkel mit dem unteren Steg (126) so angebracht ist, dass die ebene Fläche (124) des unteren Flansches (128) von dem Mittelpunkt (118) der Leiter (10) abgewandt ist, wobei der untere Steg (126) zwischen dem unteren Flansch (128) und dem mittleren Abschnitt (118) liegt, der untere Steg (126) weniger als 0,041 Zoll dick ist, sich der mittlere Abschnitt (118) über den oberen und unteren Flansch der einen inneren Sprosse hinaus erstreckt, sodass sich der mittlere Abschnitt durch den ersten inneren rechten Holm (14) und den ersten inneren linken Holm (16) erstreckt und mit diesen verstemmt ist, um die eine innere Sprosse zu arretieren.
  10. Leiter nach Anspruch 9, wobei das erste Gelenkscharnier (20) eine äußere Scharnierplattenbaugruppe (200), die eine linke äußere Scharnierplatte (202), einen äußeren Scharnierplattenabstandshalter (206), der an der linken äußeren Scharnierplatte angebracht ist, und eine rechte äußere Scharnierplatte (204), die an dem äußeren Scharnierplattenabstandshalter angebracht ist, wobei der äußere Scharnierplattenabstandshalter zwischen der rechten und linken äußeren Scharnierplatte angeordnet ist, und ein Anschlagniet (208) an der rechten und linken äußeren Scharnierplatte und mindestens 0,5 Zoll von einer äußeren Fläche der rechten und linken äußeren Scharnierplatte entfernt befestigt ist und sich zwischen diesen erstreckt und über dem äußeren Scharnierplattenabstandshalter angeordnet ist, wobei die linke und rechte äußere Scharnierplatte einen Spalt (218) zwischen ihnen definieren; eine innere Scharnierplattenbaugruppe (210), die eine linke innere Scharnierplatte (212), einen mittleren inneren Scharnierplattenabstandshalter (216), der an der linken inneren Scharnierplatte angebracht ist, und eine rechte innere Scharnierplatte (214) aufweist, die an dem mittleren inneren Scharnierplattenabstandshalter angebracht ist, wobei der mittlere innere Scharnierplattenabstandshalter zwischen der rechten und linken inneren Scharnierplatte angeordnet ist, wobei die linke und rechte innere Scharnierplatte und der mittlere innere Scharnierplattenabstandshalter in dem Spalt der äußeren Scharnierplattenbaugruppe angeordnet sind, die jeweils eine fluchtende Nut aufweisen; und einen Stift (222), der sich durch die linke und rechte äußere Scharnierplatte und die linke und rechte innere Scharnierplatte und den mittleren inneren Scharnierplattenabstandshalter erstreckt, wobei sich die linke und rechte äußere Scharnierplatte um den Stift relativ zu der linken und rechten äußeren Scharnierplatte und der mittleren inneren Scharnierplatte drehen, wenn sich die linke und rechte äußere Scharnierplatte in eine voll ausgefahrene Position relativ zu der linken und rechten inneren Scharnierplatte drehen und die mittlere innere Scharnierplatte an jeder Nut an dem Niet anliegt und durch den Anschlagniet eine weitere Drehung verhindert wird, umfasst.
  11. Leiter nach Anspruch 10, die einen Stufe-zu-Seitenholm-Scherversuch, bei dem 165,9 kg.m (1200 lbf) für 60 Sek. auf eine Seite jeder Sprosse aufgebracht werden, die ein unterschiedliches Profil aufweist, und keine Komponente der Leiter versagt; einen Einzelverriegelungsstest (J-Verriegelungstest), bei dem 165,9 kg.m (1200 lbf) für 60 Sek. gleichmäßig auf eine Sprosse unmittelbar über der J-Verriegelung aufgebracht werden und keine Komponente der Leiter versagt und die Leiter sich im voll ausgeklappten Modus befindet und an einer Wand lehnt; einen Test der horizontalen Durchbiegung in der Endposition 1, wobei 63,6 kg.m (460 lbf) für 60 Sek. auf einer Sprosse, die am nächsten an dem Mittelpunkt der Leiter (10) liegt, aufgebracht werden und keine Komponente der Leiter versagt und die Leiter sich im voll ausgeklappten Modus befindet und an beiden Enden horizontal gelagert ist; ein Träger- und Metallteil-Belastungstest, bei dem 207,4 kg.m (1500 lbf) für 60 Sek. auf eine oberste Sprosse der Leiter aufgebracht werden und keine Komponente der Leiter versagt und die Leiter sich im voll ausgeklappten Modus befindet und an einer Wand lehnt; und einen Biegebalken-Biegetest besteht, wobei 69,1 kg.m (500 lbf) im rechten Winkel auf eine Unterseite des ersten rechten äußeren Holms an dem Steg aufgebracht werden und der erste rechte äußere Holm nicht versagt.
  12. Verfahren zum Verwenden einer Mehrzweckleiter (10), umfassend die Schritte:
    Bewegen der Leiter an eine gewünschte Stelle; und
    Aufstellen der Leiter an der gewünschten Stelle auf dem Boden, sodass ein Benutzer auf die Leiter steigen kann, wobei die Leiter Folgendes umfasst:
    einen ersten inneren Abschnitt (12), der einen ersten inneren rechten Holm (14), einen ersten inneren linken Holm (16), der parallel und beabstandet in Bezug auf den ersten inneren rechten Holm verläuft, und eine Vielzahl von ersten inneren Sprossen (18), die an dem ersten inneren linken und rechten Holm angebracht ist, aufweist;
    ein erstes Gelenkscharnier (20), das an dem ersten inneren rechten Holm mit einem ersten Satz von Befestigungselementen (22) angebracht ist;
    ein zweites Gelenkscharnier (24), das an dem ersten inneren linken Holm mit einem zweiten Satz von Befestigungselementen (26) angebracht ist;
    einen zweiten inneren Abschnitt (28), der einen zweiten inneren rechten Holm (30) und einen zweiten inneren linken Holm (32), der parallel und beabstandet in Bezug auf den zweiten inneren rechten Holm verläuft, und eine Vielzahl von zweiten inneren Sprossen (34), die an dem zweiten inneren linken und rechten Holm angebracht ist, aufweist, wobei der zweite innere rechte Holm an dem ersten Gelenkscharnier angebracht ist und der zweite innere linke Holm an dem zweiten Gelenkscharnier angebracht ist, sodass der zweite innere Abschnitt um das erste und zweite Gelenkscharnier mindestens 80° relativ zu dem ersten inneren Abschnitt drehbar ist;
    einen ersten äußeren Abschnitt (36), der einen ersten äußeren rechten Holm (38) und einen ersten äußeren linken Holm (40), der parallel und beabstandet in Bezug auf den ersten äußeren rechten Holm verläuft, und eine Vielzahl von ersten äußeren Sprossen (42), die an dem ersten äußeren linken und rechten Holm angebracht ist, aufweist, wobei der erste äußere rechte Holm um den ersten inneren rechten Holm angeordnet ist, wobei der erste innere rechte Holm relativ zu dem ersten äußeren rechten Holm auf und ab gleitet, wobei der erste äußere rechte Holm eine Biegung (46) von mindestens 7° nach außen relativ zu dem ersten inneren rechten Holm aufweist, die einen unteren Abschnitt (44) unterhalb der Biegung definiert;
    eine erste Verriegelungsstange (48), die an dem ersten äußeren Abschnitt angebracht ist und die den ersten inneren rechten Holm in einem verriegelten Zustand relativ zu dem ersten äußeren rechten Holm arretiert und im entriegelten Zustand ein Gleiten des ersten inneren rechten Holms relativ zu dem ersten äußeren rechten Holm erlaubt; und
    einen zweiten äußeren Abschnitt (50), der einen zweiten äußeren rechten Holm (52) und einen zweiten äußeren linken Holm (54), der parallel und beabstandet in Bezug auf den zweiten äußeren rechten Holm verläuft, und eine Vielzahl von zweiten äußeren Sprossen (56) aufweist, die an dem zweiten äußeren linken und rechten Holm angebracht ist, wobei der zweite äußere rechte Holm um den zweiten inneren rechten Holm angeordnet ist, wobei der zweite innere rechte Holm relativ zu dem zweiten äußeren rechten Holm auf und ab gleitet und wobei die Leiter eine Vielzahl von Beschlägen (58) aufweist, die um den ersten äußeren rechten Holm (38) und den ersten äußeren linken Holm (40) und den zweiten äußeren rechten Holm (52) und den zweiten äußeren linken Holm (54) angeordnet ist, wobei die Beschläge (58) eine Stütze für jeden der äußeren rechten Holme (38, 52) und äußeren linken Holme (40, 54) bereitstellen und diese gegenüber Biegekräften verstärken, und durch einen ersten Beschlag (60) der Vielzahl von Beschlägen (58), der um die Oberseite des ersten äußeren rechten Holms (38) angeordnet ist und benachbart zu dieser über der ersten Verriegelungsstange (48) angebracht ist, wobei der erste Beschlag (60) eine Form aufweist, die mit einer Querschnittsform des ersten rechten äußeren Holms (38) übereinstimmt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mehrzweckleiter (10) eine ANSI-Belastungseinstufung von 1A aufweist und 136,08 kg (300 lbs) Last, ohne zu versagen, trägt oder ein Gewicht-zu-Länge-Verhältnis von weniger als 3,59 kg/m (2,41 lbs/ft) als 4,27 m (14') lange Mehrzweckleiter mit einer ANSI-Belastungseinstufung von IAA aufweist oder ein Gewicht-zu-Länge-Verhältnis von weniger als 3,38 kg/m (2,27 lbs/ft) als 5,49 m (18') lange Mehrzweckleiter mit einer ANSI-Belastungseinstufung von IAA aufweist oder ein Gewicht-zu-Länge-Verhältnis von weniger als 3,10 kg/m (2,08 lbs/ft) als 6,71 m (22') lange Mehrzweckleiter mit einer ANSI-Belastungseinstufung von IAA aufweist oder ein Gewicht-zu-Länge-Verhältnis von weniger als 3,48 kg/m (2,34 lbs/ft) als 7,92 m (26') lange Mehrzweckleiter mit einer ANSI-Belastungseinstufung von IAA aufweist oder ein Gewicht-zu-Länge-Verhältnis von weniger als 2,98 kg/m (2,0 lbs/ft) als 4,27 m (14') lange Mehrzweckleiter mit einer ANSI-Belastungseinstufung von IA aufweist oder ein Gewicht-zu-Länge-Verhältnis von weniger als 2,98 kg/m (2,00 lbs/ft) als 5,49 m (18') lange Mehrzweckleiter mit einer ANSI-Belastungseinstufung von IA aufweist oder ein Gewicht-zu-Länge-Verhältnis von weniger als 2,82 kg/m (1,90 lbs/ft) als 6,71 m (22') lange Mehrzweckleiter mit einer ANSI-Belastungseinstufung von IA aufweist oder ein Gewicht-zu-Länge-Verhältnis von weniger als 2,98 kg/m (2,00 lbs/ft) als 7,92 m (26') lange Mehrzweckleiter mit einer ANSI-Belastungseinstufung von IA aufweist, und gekennzeichnet durch einen zweiten Beschlag (62) der Vielzahl von Beschlägen (58), der um den ersten äußeren rechten Holm (38) und darüber angeordnet ist und benachbart zu einer zweithöchsten ersten äußeren Sprosse (64) und unter der ersten Verriegelungsstange (48) angebracht ist, wobei der zweite Beschlag (62) eine Form aufweist, die mit der Querschnittsform des ersten äußeren rechten Holms (38) übereinstimmt.
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US4182431A (en) * 1978-03-13 1980-01-08 Little Giant Industries Inc. Combination extension and step ladder rungs therefor
US4697305A (en) * 1985-02-14 1987-10-06 Harold R. Wing Release mechanism for locking hinge for multi-positioned ladder
KR20110047913A (ko) * 2009-10-31 2011-05-09 박종호 사다리의 프레임 보강구조
US9309718B1 (en) * 2010-08-05 2016-04-12 Martin Sinclair Matthew Stable stepladder with utility tray
CN103233675B (zh) * 2013-05-09 2015-02-18 苏州飞华铝制工业有限公司 一种梯式作业台
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