EP3571729A1 - Verfahren zur herstellung eines organischen halbleiterbauteils und organisches halbleiterbauteil - Google Patents
Verfahren zur herstellung eines organischen halbleiterbauteils und organisches halbleiterbauteilInfo
- Publication number
- EP3571729A1 EP3571729A1 EP18701311.5A EP18701311A EP3571729A1 EP 3571729 A1 EP3571729 A1 EP 3571729A1 EP 18701311 A EP18701311 A EP 18701311A EP 3571729 A1 EP3571729 A1 EP 3571729A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- active layer
- plated
- holes
- lower electrode
- laser radiation
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 22
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000000608 laser ablation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000013086 organic photovoltaic Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002679 ablation Methods 0.000 description 18
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 13
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000011218 segmentation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000011265 semifinished product Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 4
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- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 2
- MCEWYIDBDVPMES-UHFFFAOYSA-N [60]pcbm Chemical compound C123C(C4=C5C6=C7C8=C9C%10=C%11C%12=C%13C%14=C%15C%16=C%17C%18=C(C=%19C=%20C%18=C%18C%16=C%13C%13=C%11C9=C9C7=C(C=%20C9=C%13%18)C(C7=%19)=C96)C6=C%11C%17=C%15C%13=C%15C%14=C%12C%12=C%10C%10=C85)=C9C7=C6C2=C%11C%13=C2C%15=C%12C%10=C4C23C1(CCCC(=O)OC)C1=CC=CC=C1 MCEWYIDBDVPMES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001427 coherent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005669 field effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium;oxotin Chemical compound [In].[Sn]=O AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000031700 light absorption Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229920000301 poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012549 training Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K71/00—Manufacture or treatment specially adapted for the organic devices covered by this subclass
- H10K71/10—Deposition of organic active material
- H10K71/16—Deposition of organic active material using physical vapour deposition [PVD], e.g. vacuum deposition or sputtering
- H10K71/162—Deposition of organic active material using physical vapour deposition [PVD], e.g. vacuum deposition or sputtering using laser ablation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K30/00—Organic devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation
- H10K30/80—Constructional details
- H10K30/81—Electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
- H10K59/80—Constructional details
- H10K59/82—Interconnections, e.g. terminals
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K71/00—Manufacture or treatment specially adapted for the organic devices covered by this subclass
- H10K71/60—Forming conductive regions or layers, e.g. electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
- H10K59/80—Constructional details
- H10K59/805—Electrodes
- H10K59/8052—Cathodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K71/00—Manufacture or treatment specially adapted for the organic devices covered by this subclass
- H10K71/621—Providing a shape to conductive layers, e.g. patterning or selective deposition
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/549—Organic PV cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for producing a semiconductor component and to a semiconductor component produced by such a method.
- the semiconductor component is in particular an organic photovoltaic element, in short OPV element.
- Such a semiconductor device is used for example for generating electrical energy by means of sunlight.
- the semiconductor component to an active layer of a semiconductor material, in which free carriers are generated by absorption of sunlight.
- the active layer is typically disposed as a thin layer between an upper electrode and a lower electrode.
- the electrodes are also each formed as a thin layer. This results in a multi-layer structure, which may also have further layers.
- the active layer is often additionally arranged between so-called barrier layers. In the following, therefore, such a or similar combination is summarized and simplified referred to as the active layer.
- the available current and the voltage provided by the semiconductor device are dependent, among other things, on the structure of the semiconductor device.
- the amperage generated by a semiconductor device is essentially defined by the area covered by the semiconductor material;
- the voltage is essentially defined by the band gap of the semiconductor material and, accordingly, material-dependent. Therefore, in order to achieve a certain voltage, a semiconductor device often has a plurality of cells, wel are connected in series with each other.
- the upper and lower electrodes are then usually divided into mutually insulated upper and lower sub-electrodes. To produce a series connection, the upper part electrode of a first cell is then usually connected in an electrically conductive manner to the lower part electrode of a second cell.
- the layers lying between the electrodes and in particular the active layer have a number of interruptions, in which a suitable conductive material is arranged, by means of which the partial electrodes are electrically conductively connected.
- a via is formed between two cells, which extends from a lower part electrode to an upper part electrode through the intermediate active layer.
- the use of a laser is possible for forming interruptions of the active layer.
- the active layer is applied to the lower electrode and then segmented by laser radiation, i. divided into subareas, which later each form a cell of the OPV element.
- the upper electrode is applied, wherein material at the same time penetrates into the generated interruptions and contacted the lower electrode.
- the selection of the operating parameters of the laser such as wavelength and power, is particularly critical and in particular also material-dependent. Namely, the operating parameters have to be selected such that only the active layer is selectively processed and the lower electrode remains intact. Therefore, this method is not very flexible in the production of different semiconductor devices. Variations in the layer thickness have a direct detrimental effect on the semiconductor device produced.
- WO 2012 072271 A1 a method is described in which first the active layer of an OPV element is segmented by means of laser radiation into individual cells and then vias are formed in order to realize a series connection of the various cells.
- Through-connection is likewise formed by means of laser radiation. While segmentation requires ablation of material, this should be done in the Forming the via just be avoided.
- the intensity of the laser is chosen to be correspondingly low.
- a modification of the material for example, this is melted or solidified.
- the invention has for its object to provide an improved method for producing a semiconductor device.
- the production of a via is to be simplified.
- a corresponding semiconductor device should be specified.
- the method is carried out for producing a semiconductor component, in particular an organic photovoltaic element, in short OPV element.
- An OPV element is particularly suitable for the production by means of the specified method.
- a semiconductor component designed as an OPV element is assumed. The description applies mutatis mutandis to any semiconductor devices, for example for the production of a thin film solar cell, a dye cell, DSSC ("dye sensitized solar cell"), a perovskite solar cell, an organic electronic component, e.g.
- the semiconductor component has a lower electrode, an upper electrode and an active layer and is therefore altogether in particular in the manner of a diode. built.
- a via is formed for the electrically conductive connection of the two electrodes through the active layer. This is arranged correspondingly within the active layer.
- Via leads from one of the electrodes through the active layer to the other electrode.
- the via makes an electrically conductive connection between the electrodes.
- the via is also referred to as "interconnect”.
- the lower electrode is preferably made of a transparent, conductive oxide, in short TCO ("transparent conductive oxide") .
- the lower electrode is applied in particular to a substrate, the substrate serving in particular for improved handling and being comparatively thick in comparison to the electrodes and the active layer, for example by three orders of magnitude thicker, usually in the range between 10 and 10.
- the upper electrode is preferably made of silver
- the upper electrode is printed, for example, as a grid on the active layer
- the active layer preferably consists of an organic semiconductor material can be multi-layered and, for example, have additional barrier layers.
- the via is formed by means of laser ablation.
- a workpiece is generally exposed to laser radiation, the laser radiation having such a high intensity that material ablates from the workpiece, ie is removed.
- the via is now formed by the laser beam is applied to the lower electrode and thereby material of the lower electrode is raised.
- By "thrown up” is also understood as “ablated”.
- Other synonyms in the context of this application are in particular “whirled up”, “blasted off”, “detached”, as a result of which an ablation of material of the lower electrode ensues.
- This material more precisely the material which has been thrown up or ablated, forms the through-hole Laser ablation thus produces a deposition, deposition or debris of material which deposits at the laser ablation site.
- the deposit forms a structure which extends from the lower electrode extends, namely in particular upwards and in the direction of possibly later applied upper electrode.
- the via has a characteristic structure.
- the material spreads only in the immediate vicinity of the bullet point and solidifies there again.
- the material forms a less spatially spread structure than an ablation.
- the ablated material is in particular dissolved out of the lower electrode and separated therefrom, and thereby restructured and rearranged considerably more extensively.
- the resulting structure of the via is characterized in particular by an increased range, in particular viewed in a direction perpendicular to the lower electrode.
- the preparation is preferably carried out in a roll-to-roll process, which is particularly simple, efficient and cost-effective, and enables particularly high quantities.
- a central idea of the invention is, in particular, to carry out an ablation by means of laser radiation on the lower electrode, ie to bring about explicitly a destruction of the lower electrode, in order to form a plated-through hole in a particularly simple manner.
- Such ablation and destruction of the lower electrode is conventionally considered disadvantageous and therefore avoided as far as possible.
- the operating parameters of the laser especially the intensity of the laser radiation or its penetration depth, are selected such that only material is removed from the active layer and the lower electrode, however, as possible spared. For different materials Rialia and / or layer thicknesses is then necessarily a correspondingly expensive adaptation of the operating parameters required.
- the material thrown up is in particular dissolved out of the lower electrode, that is to say initially separated from the remaining material of the lower electrode.
- the material thrown up regularly collects as a launch around the bullet point.
- the material thrown up partially deposits again on the lower electrode, but in addition advantageously also on other layers around the injection site, especially on the active layer. The deposit then serves as
- a particular advantage of the invention is in particular that under changed conditions with respect to material and layer thickness no adjustment of the operating parameters of the laser must be made.
- the penetration depth of the laser radiation is only of secondary importance. Rather, the operating parameters are chosen in particular such that in each relevant case the intensity is sufficient to cause an ablation of material of the lower electrode.
- an upper limit results in particular from the requirement to avoid destruction or perforation of the substrate below the lower electrode. This results in particular in an upper limit of 1 mJ for the pulse energy of the laser radiation or an energy density of about 1 to 5MJ / m 2 .
- these values are not achieved with the lasers typically used.
- laser radiation of a Q-switched (i.e., Q-switched) laser is used.
- the pulse duration ie the time width of a single laser pulse, is typically several nanoseconds.
- the pulse energy i. the energy per laser pulse is typically several ⁇ .
- a suitable pulse repetition rate of the laser radiation is between 5 and 100 kHz.
- a suitable average output power of the laser radiation is between 3 and 10W.
- a suitable pulse energy of the laser radiation is between 50 and 300 ⁇ .
- a suitable pulse width of the laser radiation is between 3 and 30 ns, wherein the pulse width is measured as a full half width.
- a suitable peak power of the laser radiation is between 5 and 50 kW.
- a suitable wavelength of the laser radiation is 1064 nm, other wavelengths are also conceivable and suitable, in particular depending on the type of laser used concretely.
- the abovementioned values for the stated operating parameters lead in particular, and especially in combination, to a reliable ablation.
- a particular advantage of the invention is, in particular, that the abovementioned operating parameters can be chosen independently of one another insofar as ablation should be achieved in the overall result. Due to the preferably oversized selected operating parameters, in particular pulse energy or peak power, individual operating parameters, e.g. the wavelength, advantageously vary without the overall result, i. the production of a via by ablation to influence.
- the requirements for the laser are particularly low, for example, no specific beam geometry is necessary, so that particularly inexpensive laser, such as diode lasers, are used and preferably also used.
- the requirements for the substrate are lower because its color, thickness and composition need not be selected with respect to the laser radiation.
- Another particular advantage of the invention is in particular that the strength of leakage currents in the semiconductor device is significantly reduced.
- creepage currents in a semiconductor component are smaller by about one order of magnitude than in a conventional method, in which only the active layer is patterned by means of laser radiation and the lower electrode is left as intact as possible. Due to the reduced creepage currents, the semiconductor device is also particularly robust in operation at high voltage.
- Another particular advantage of the invention is in particular that the production process has a particularly high reproducibility, as has been shown in particular in experiments.
- semiconductor components having the same or at least very similar properties are repeatedly produced. Variations such as the leakage current, the dielectric strength or the fill factor are particularly low.
- the high reproducibility results in particular from the fact that the manufacturing process, more precisely the formation of the via by laser radiation, is largely independent of the operating parameters of the laser and the properties of the materials, in particular local variations such as the layer thickness.
- Another particular advantage of the invention is in particular that the manufacturing method is applicable to semi-finished products with unstructured active layer. The concrete design with regard to cell size and number of cells and the interconnection of the cells with each other will be determined later.
- the semifinished product is a multilayer system comprising a lower electrode and an active layer, usually additionally on a substrate.
- the vias and the upper electrode are then formed individually. Expediently, this also takes place structuring of the active layer and in particular also of the lower electrode.
- the application of the active layer is then advantageously decoupled from the formation of the upper electrode.
- the via is formed by the material forming a crater-shaped deposit around a bullet point of the laser radiation.
- the feedthrough is thus crater-like or tower-like and then particularly stable.
- the laser radiation impinges on the lower electrode, namely at the injection site, and raises material which is forced outwardly from the center of the injection site and then there, i. at the edge of the bullet point, deposited.
- the deposit takes place in a ring around the point of injection, so that the material thrown up forms a kind of crater.
- This has a height which expediently corresponds at least to the thickness of the active layer, so that contact with the upper electrode is ensured.
- the via is formed before the upper electrode is formed.
- the laser radiation is thus applied before the upper electrode is applied. This ensures that the upper electrode does not obscure the point of impact and that the upper electrode is still not damaged.
- the active layer is broken by means of the laser radiation.
- a separate opening of the active layer in particular for the purpose of forming an interruption for the via, eliminates in an advantageous manner.
- the same laser radiation is used, on the one hand, to ablate the active layer in the region of the subsequent via, ie to ablate it, and, on the other hand, to form the via.
- the active layer is broken through and a hole is formed in it, in which the ablated material of the lower electrode accumulates or deposits.
- the production of the via is thus significantly simplified. In particular, no previous fabrication of the active layer is necessary, because this is exactly removed at the correct location when forming the via.
- the injection site in the active layer forms the above-mentioned hole, which is specifically a through hole.
- the hole is circumferentially bounded by the active layer, more specifically bordered by the material of the active layer.
- the active layer then forms a wall which circumscribes the hole and which is then coated due to the ablation with raised material of the lower electrode. The hole is thus, so to speak, coated from the inside with the material of the lower electrode.
- the active layer becomes continuous, i. formed flat before the via is formed.
- Consistent is meant in particular “uninterrupted”.
- the active layer can be applied in a particularly simple and effective application method and in this way produce a semifinished product which is designed further only during the formation of the through-connection.
- structured application means that the active layer is applied not as a continuous layer but as a plurality of partial areas separated from one another by means of at least one interruption.
- the active Layer is segmented.
- the production of a virtually arbitrarily shaped semiconductor device is then carried out in a simple manner, starting from a simple semifinished product, in particular with a continuous active layer.
- the exact subdivision of the active layer into individual cells takes place together with the formation of the vias. These then limit the individual cells accordingly. In other words, when the via is formed, segmentation of the active layer is also automatically performed.
- the via is punctiform formed by the laser radiation is applied only pointwise.
- the series resistance of the semiconductor device is particularly low, which in turn improves the efficiency of the semiconductor device during operation.
- a particularly high geometric fill factor is achieved, i. the ratio of the area of the plated-through holes to the remaining surface of the semiconductor device is particularly low.
- the destruction of the lower electrode is thus not just a large area, but only locally.
- a pulsed laser is used for punctiform formation of the via, in which the laser radiation consists of a series of successive laser pulses.
- the laser radiation consists of a series of successive laser pulses.
- a single via is then preferably generated by a single laser pulse.
- Punctiform it is meant, in particular, that the laser radiation is applied pointwise so that several points of penetration occur, which are spatially separated from each other, whereas the formation of a continuous line is avoided.
- the points of penetration are preferably "circular", but other geometries are conceivable and also possible basically suitable.
- the laser radiation generates in the active layer and in the lower electrode each have a hole whose diameter is usually in the micrometer range, ie between 1 ⁇ and ⁇ ⁇ .
- the diameter of the plated through hole is determined in particular by the beam diameter of the laser radiation and corresponds approximately to this.
- the via has a diameter in the range of 5 ⁇ to 150 ⁇ .
- Such dimensioning is significantly less than the dimensions of conventional vias, e.g. is about 200 ⁇ , and therefore leads to an improved geometric filling factor, i. less dead space and more usable area, and as a result, higher performance of the semiconductor device.
- a plurality of plated-through holes are formed without overlapping in a longitudinal direction along an imaginary line.
- the use of multiple plated-through holes leads, on the one hand, in principle to a larger conductive cross-section and thus to an improved current conduction between the two electrodes.
- a suitable segmentation of at least the active layer can also be realized by a plurality of suitably arranged plated-through holes, in which case the multiple plated-through holes along the imaginary line form a boundary between two adjacent, but separate, and thus different cells.
- the plurality of vias are formed in the longitudinal direction uniformly at a longitudinal distance of at most 1 mm.
- a lower limit for the longitudinal spacing automatically results in the case of an overlap-free arrangement through the diameter of a single plated through hole.
- a longitudinal distance below 1 mm advantageously ensures adequate separation of the active layer and at the same time a suitable line cross-section for current conduction.
- a plurality of groups of plated-through holes are formed in the longitudinal direction, in which, starting from a respective one of the plated-through holes, at least one further through-hole is formed transversely, preferably perpendicularly to the longitudinal direction.
- the plated-through holes of a group are preferably arranged on a straight line transversely, in particular perpendicular to the longitudinal direction, ie strung together.
- ense is meant, in particular, that two adjacent plated-through holes have a distance from each other of at most the simple diameter of a plated-through hole.
- a group has at least 2 and at most 5 plated-through holes, a design with exactly two plated-through holes being particularly preferred, since experiments have shown in that the power gain from one to two plated-through holes is particularly great and further plated-through holes cause only a smaller increase.
- the vias of a respective group will be formed without overlap.
- an overlapping arrangement of the plated-through holes within a group is fundamentally suitable.
- An overlap-free arrangement leads to a lower series resistance.
- the plated-through holes of a respective group are arranged without overlapping and at a transverse distance from one another, which is smaller than a longitudinal spacing of the groups in the longitudinal direction.
- a semiconductor device manufactured according to the described method differs from other semiconductor devices in particular in that the lower electrode is intentionally locally damaged or destroyed in order to remove material from the electrode or to break it out and form a via with this material. Accordingly, therefore, material is carried out or blasted out of the lower electrode, ie, ablated, and this material forms a plated through hole.
- the plated-through hole therefore consists in particular of the same material as the lower electrode and not just of the same material as the upper, usually subsequently applied electrode.
- the concrete geometry of the via depends in each case on the concrete materials, their quantity, ie the thickness of the individual layers, and the intensity of the laser radiation. However, the specific geometry is initially of secondary importance for the functionality, because what is more important is that the special production reliably produces a through-connection directly from the material of the lower electrode.
- FIGS. 4a-4d show an arrangement variant for plated-through holes
- FIGS. 5a-5b each show test results in connection with the arrangement variants from FIGS. 4a-4d.
- FIG. 1 schematically and partially shows a semiconductor component 2.
- This is an OPV element in the present case.
- the semiconductor device 2 has an upper electrode 4 and a lower electrode 6. Between the electrodes 4, 6, an active layer 8 is arranged, which here has an organic semiconductor material and is used for energy generation by absorption of light.
- the electrodes 4, 6 and the active layer 8 are applied to a flexible substrate 9 here and form with this a multilayer system.
- the substrate 9 is made of PET, the lower electrode 6 from
- ITO Indium tin oxide
- the active layer 8 is again a multilayer system, not shown here, consisting of a barrier layer HBL, organic semiconductor material P3HT: ZZ83: PCBM and another barrier layer HIL.
- a plurality of plated-through holes 10 are arranged. These extend starting from the lower electrode 6 through the active layer 8 to the upper electrode 4.
- the plated-through holes 10 were formed in a special manufacturing process in which laser radiation L is used to ablate material from the lower electrode 6, in the present case ITO, and out this form a respective through-hole 10.
- the laser radiation L is guided from above, ie through the active layer 8, onto the lower electrode 6. This results in a bullet point 12, at which material is thrown, which subsequently deposits around the bullet point 12 around again and a crater-shaped deposit 14, also referred to as a warp forms.
- the upper electrode 4 is in this case only after the formation of the
- FIG. 2 schematically shows a semiconductor component 2 in a plan view from above.
- the upper electrode 4 is not shown. Visible is the active layer 8; the underlying lower electrode 6 and the substrate 9 are not visible.
- clearly visible are several plated-through holes 10, which are recognizable as holes in the active layer 10 and the lower electrode 6.
- the plated-through holes 10 of a respective group 16 are arranged side by side and overlapping.
- Several groups 16 are arranged one behind the other in the longitudinal direction R. It is between consecutive groups 16 a longitudinal distance A is formed, which is approximately 215 ⁇ in Fig.2. This corresponds approximately to the width B of a respective group 16, which is about 265 ⁇ here.
- the diameter D of a single plated through hole 10 is about 50 ⁇ here.
- the processing by means of the laser radiation L is effected in a pointwise manner, that is to say in the form of a laser. punctiform, whereby corresponding bullet holes are generated, from which then the shown, approximately circular vias 10 result.
- a pulsed laser is used in the present case, which generates correspondingly pulsed laser radiation L, with a single pulse then having sufficient energy to bring about ablation of the lower electrode 4.
- each of the plated-through holes 10 has been produced by a respective pulse. This also corresponds to the preferred method of preparation. Alternatively, however, a training by means of multiple pulses is possible, which then hit accordingly at the same bullet point. It is particularly important that an ablation of the lower electrode 4 takes place.
- FIGS. 3a to 3e respectively show test results relating to various parameters of a semiconductor component 2 according to the invention in comparison with a conventionally produced semiconductor component 2.
- a respective graph on the left shows the result for a conventional semiconductor component 2 in which the active layer 8 is continuous by means of laser radiation L. ie has been consistently removed along a line and then the resulting space when applying the upper electrode 6 was filled with conductive material just that upper electrode 6.
- FIG. 3 a shows the semiconductor component 2 according to the invention has a higher efficiency 18, ie, generates more energy with the same illumination, ie, converts photons. This results in particular due to a higher electrical fill factor 20, as is apparent from Fig.3b.
- FIG. 3 c shows the voltage 22 generated by the respective semiconductor component 2 with the same illumination and
- FIG. 3 d shows the current 24.
- FIG. 3 e shows the leakage current 26 on the left axis for the two upper results. at an applied voltage of -5V and on the right axis for the two lower results the injection current 28 ("injection") at an applied voltage of + 10V.
- FIGS. 4a to 4d show preferred arrangement variants for the plated-through holes 10 schematically.
- the variants of FIGS. 4 a, b and c show groups 16 of five, three or two plated-through holes 10.
- the plated-through holes 10 are not grouped.
- the plated-through holes 10 are arranged along an imaginary line L1 in the longitudinal direction R, wherein in the variants with groups 16 there are correspondingly several lines L1 which run parallel to one another, so that the plated-through holes 10 of a respective group 16 transversely, in this case even perpendicular to the lines L1 are arranged side by side.
- the plated-through holes 10 are arranged generally free of overlap.
- an overlapping arrangement is also suitable, as shown in the variants of FIGS. 4a and b.
- the distance between two adjacent lines L1 is 50 ⁇ , whereas in FIG. 4c 100 ⁇ .
- the diameter of the plated-through holes 10 is slightly less than 100 ⁇ .
- FIG. 5a, b test results for the arrangement variants shown in FIGS. 4a to 4d are listed.
- 5a shows the efficiency 18 of a respective semiconductor component 2
- FIG. 5b shows the respectively measured injection current 28 at an applied voltage of + 13V.
- the results for an arrangement according to FIG. 4a are shown on the far left, then for a 4b, then for an arrangement according to Fig.4c and finally rightmost for an arrangement according to Fig.4d.
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- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Semiconductor Lasers (AREA)
- Electrodes Of Semiconductors (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102017200896.2A DE102017200896A1 (de) | 2017-01-20 | 2017-01-20 | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines organischen Halbleiterbauteils und organisches Halbleiterbauteil |
PCT/EP2018/051279 WO2018134340A1 (de) | 2017-01-20 | 2018-01-19 | Verfahren zur herstellung eines organischen halbleiterbauteils und organisches halbleiterbauteil |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP3571729A1 true EP3571729A1 (de) | 2019-11-27 |
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Family Applications (1)
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EP18701311.5A Withdrawn EP3571729A1 (de) | 2017-01-20 | 2018-01-19 | Verfahren zur herstellung eines organischen halbleiterbauteils und organisches halbleiterbauteil |
Country Status (3)
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EP (1) | EP3571729A1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE102017200896A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2018134340A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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EP2355199B1 (de) * | 2010-01-29 | 2017-07-05 | Novaled GmbH | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer organischen lichtemittierenden Vorrichtung |
US20140000684A1 (en) * | 2010-12-03 | 2014-01-02 | Jan Blochwitz-Nimoth | Method for forming an electrical interconnection in an organic photovoltaic device and an organic photovoltaic device made by the same |
CN103887445B (zh) * | 2014-02-27 | 2016-04-13 | 南京第壹有机光电有限公司 | 一种有机电致发光器件及其制造方法 |
-
2017
- 2017-01-20 DE DE102017200896.2A patent/DE102017200896A1/de active Pending
-
2018
- 2018-01-19 WO PCT/EP2018/051279 patent/WO2018134340A1/de unknown
- 2018-01-19 EP EP18701311.5A patent/EP3571729A1/de not_active Withdrawn
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Publication number | Publication date |
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WO2018134340A1 (de) | 2018-07-26 |
DE102017200896A1 (de) | 2018-07-26 |
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