EP3555686B1 - Système optique pour un endoscope à visée latérale ainsi qu'endoscope à visée latérale - Google Patents

Système optique pour un endoscope à visée latérale ainsi qu'endoscope à visée latérale Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3555686B1
EP3555686B1 EP17808916.5A EP17808916A EP3555686B1 EP 3555686 B1 EP3555686 B1 EP 3555686B1 EP 17808916 A EP17808916 A EP 17808916A EP 3555686 B1 EP3555686 B1 EP 3555686B1
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Prior art keywords
prism
optical system
optical
beam path
endoscope
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3555686A1 (fr
Inventor
Jianxin Zhao
Alrun THÜMEN
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Olympus Winter and Ibe GmbH
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Olympus Winter and Ibe GmbH
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B23/00—Telescopes, e.g. binoculars; Periscopes; Instruments for viewing the inside of hollow bodies; Viewfinders; Optical aiming or sighting devices
    • G02B23/24—Instruments or systems for viewing the inside of hollow bodies, e.g. fibrescopes
    • G02B23/2407—Optical details
    • G02B23/2423—Optical details of the distal end
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
    • A61B1/00163—Optical arrangements
    • A61B1/00174—Optical arrangements characterised by the viewing angles
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
    • A61B1/04—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor combined with photographic or television appliances
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B17/00—Systems with reflecting surfaces, with or without refracting elements
    • G02B17/02—Catoptric systems, e.g. image erecting and reversing system
    • G02B17/04—Catoptric systems, e.g. image erecting and reversing system using prisms only
    • G02B17/045—Catoptric systems, e.g. image erecting and reversing system using prisms only having static image erecting or reversing properties only
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/0018—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 with means for preventing ghost images

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an optical system for an endoscope looking sideways, with a central beam path which distally has a lateral viewing angle ⁇ in relation to a longitudinal axis of an endoscope shaft of the endoscope, and a corresponding endoscope looking sideways.
  • optical elements of an optical system usually one or more lenses, form light beams incident from a field of view onto a light-sensitive surface of an image sensor. These light bundles run within a beam path that is defined by the optical assemblies of the optical system, more precisely by their optical elements.
  • the field of view of the optical system denotes a range or interval of angles of view within which events or changes in object space are perceived by the optical system can become.
  • Light beams coming from the field of view are projected onto the light-sensitive surface of the image sensor.
  • the field of view is defined by a horizontal angle of view and a vertical angle of view.
  • the horizontal and vertical angles of view are limited by the borders of the recording format, which in turn depends on the size and shape of the image sensor.
  • the vertical angle of view is typically smaller than the horizontal angle of view (landscape). The horizontal angle of view and the vertical angle of view are therefore the maximum possible angles of incidence at which light rays can enter the optical system and still be imaged on the light-sensitive surface of the image sensor.
  • WO 01/01186 A1 discloses a deflection system for an endoscope with a viewing angle of up to 30°, comprising at least two prismatic elements as reflective deflection means, the first of which is wedge-shaped. The rays coming to the image are reflected more than twice, so that deflection angles of less than 30° can be realized without impairing the image quality.
  • US 4,655,557A discloses an optical system for a sideways looking endoscope with a rotatable prism group consisting of two prisms, the first prism of which is also wedge-shaped. A double reflection takes place.
  • DE 24 58 306 A1 relates to an optical system with an oblique forward field of view for use in, among other things, endoscopes in which the direction of observation is at a predetermined angle to the longitudinal direction of the endoscope.
  • the distal optical group comprises a viewing direction changing prism, a lens and an optical image transmission element, which can be preceded by a correcting prism.
  • an optical system for a sideways-looking endoscope with a central optical path which distally has a lateral viewing angle ⁇ with respect to a longitudinal axis an endoscope shaft of the endoscope, comprising a distal optical assembly with a prism group, which is designed to deflect light incident from a field of view defined around the lateral viewing angle in a direction of the longitudinal axis of the endoscope shaft by means of reflection on a first reflection surface and a second reflection surface and comprises three prisms, the mutually adjacent interfaces of which are arranged in pairs parallel to one another and are each separated by a slit, total reflection taking place at an interface between a prism and the subsequent slit for part of incident light outside a field of view, the prism group having a cylindrical envelope having a diameter D, which is predetermined according to the available space, and an input-side first prism of the prism group wedge-shaped with a wedge angle ⁇ and a distance a of the central beam path s is formed by
  • the prism group thus provides an angle-dependent optical filter, with which light beams incident on the optical system from outside the field of view are reflected out of the beam path.
  • a prism group can be produced inexpensively and can be integrated into the optical system without great design effort.
  • the prism group is rotatably accommodated in the optical system.
  • the prism group can be rotated within the optical system about an axis which corresponds at least approximately to the optical axis of the optical system, in particular to an optical axis of the distal optical assembly of the optical system.
  • the two conditions fulfilled by the first prism ensure that the angle-dependent optical filtering by means of total internal reflection is combined with a compact structure that fits into a cylindrical envelope and that the side-view angle ⁇ is taken into account.
  • the conditions ensure that the first wedge or prism is cut very thin.
  • its left and right sides are cylindrical and identical to the corresponding sides of the second and possibly third prism. This allows the prisms to be easily glued together.
  • the distance in the first prism is kept short, which in particular simplified the prism design for larger diameter prisms.
  • the prism group has three prisms, the second prism being wedge-shaped, in particular with a wedge angle 2 ⁇ ⁇ , the wedge angle of the second prism adjoining a side of the first prism opposite the wedge angle of the first prism and the wedge angle of the first prism adjoins a side of the second prism opposite the wedge angle of the second prism, so that the gaps between the three prisms are inclined in different directions with respect to the central beam path.
  • the second slit is thus rotated from the first slit by an amount that causes light rays from outside the field of view to be symmetrically totally reflected removed from the beam path to symmetrically remove ghosts and flares.
  • the wedge angle of the central prism is twice the wedge angle of the first prism. This selection achieves a symmetry of the two slits in relation to the central beam path of the prism group.
  • the gap or gaps is or are filled with a medium that has a lower optical density than glass used for the prisms, the medium being in particular a vacuum, an inert atmosphere or air.
  • a medium that has a lower optical density than glass used for the prisms, the medium being in particular a vacuum, an inert atmosphere or air.
  • the first prism and/or the second prism has or have a lower cut and/or an upper cut on.
  • This measure makes it possible to use the upper and/or lower sections of the prisms as a stop during assembly.
  • the corresponding cuts form deviations from the cylindrical envelope, preferably chords within the circular cross-section defined by the cylindrical envelope. This saves space in a bracket so that more elements, such as heating elements, can be installed in the system.
  • the lower or upper sections of the prisms in the prism group are staggered in height. This further facilitates the use of the cuts as stops for assembly.
  • a proximal optical assembly and at least one image sensor or an eyepiece are included proximal to the proximal optical assembly.
  • a lens group can be used as the proximal optical assembly, which focuses the light from the distal optical assembly onto a subsequent image sensor or, in the case of stereo endoscopy, onto a pair of subsequent image sensors.
  • the proximal assembly can also be a series of deflection units that direct the light to an eyepiece at the proximal end of the endoscope.
  • the distal optical assembly advantageously includes an entry lens which is arranged in front of the entry surface of the first prism in the direction of light incidence. It is particularly preferred if the entry lens is arranged on the entry surface of the first, entry-side prism. This results in a compact optical arrangement.
  • the object on which the invention is based is also achieved by an endoscope looking sideways with an optical system according to the invention as described above.
  • FIG. 1 shows an optical system 2 according to the prior art in a schematically simplified longitudinal sectional view.
  • Light bundles 6 (of which only one is provided with a reference number for reasons of clarity) coming from an object space 4 first impinge on an entrance window 8.
  • the optical system 2 is, for example, a component of a surgical instrument, as well as, for example, the optical system 2 of an endoscope.
  • the entry window 8 hermetically seals the interior space of an endoscope shaft at its distal end from an exterior space or object space 4 .
  • the light bundles 6 Once the light bundles 6 have passed through the entrance window 8, they strike a distal optical assembly 10 and then enter a proximal optical assembly 12.
  • the distal and proximal optical assemblies 10, 12 define a beam path 14 within the optical system 2.
  • a field of view 20 which is defined by a horizontal and a vertical angle of view.
  • the longitudinal section shown shows an example of a section along a vertical plane. Consequently, the vertical angle of view can be seen. It is the angle between an optical axis 16 of the optical system 2 and the light bundle 6, which just hits a light-sensitive surface 19 of an image sensor 18 meets.
  • the field of view 20 is in 1 indicated schematically with an arrow.
  • the distal optical assembly 10 and the proximal optical assembly 12 form light beams 6 , 6 ′ incident from the field of view 20 onto the light-sensitive surface 19 of the image sensor 18 .
  • light beams 6" fall into the optical system 2 from outside the field of view 20, they cause diffuse scattering and reflections within the optical system 2.
  • diffuse scattering occurs on an inner wall of a tube or a lens tube of the optical system 2. This is in 1 indicated with star-shaped markings, which are intended to indicate scattering centers 22.
  • These reflections or scatterings cause "flare” or “lens flare", a phenomenon which adversely affects the image quality of the optical system 2.
  • the optical system 2 shows an optical system 2 with a straight view according to the German patent application DE 10 2016 214 025.6 of the applicant, also in a simplified and schematic longitudinal sectional view along a vertical sectional plane.
  • the optical system 2 comprises a distal optical assembly 10 and a proximal optical assembly 12.
  • the distal optical assembly 10 and the proximal optical assembly 12 define a beam path 14 within the optical system 2. From the object space 4 from within the field of view 20 into the optical Light bundles 6 (only one of which is shown as an example) incident on system 2 are imaged onto a light-sensitive surface 19 of image sensor 18 .
  • the optical system 2 comprises a prism group 24 arranged in the beam path 14.
  • the prism group 24 comprises at least one prism 30, 32, 34 and delimits the field of view 20 of the optical system 2 on at least one side.
  • the distal optical assembly 10 also includes an entry lens 26 and an exit lens 28.
  • the at least one prism 30, 32, 34 of the prism group 24 includes an interface 36, 38 at which from outside the field of view 20 into the optical system 2 incident light beams 6" are reflected out of the beam path 14 under total reflection.
  • the prism group 24 shown comprises, for example, a first prism 30, a second prism 32 and a third prism 34.
  • the first prism 30 provides a first interface 36, at which a first light bundle 40 (indicated by an arrow) is reflected out of the beam path 14.
  • the second prism 32 provides a second interface 36 at which a second light beam 42 (likewise indicated by an arrow) is reflected out of the beam path 14 in a different direction.
  • the light bundles reflected out of the beam path 14 enter the optical system 2 from outside the field of view 20 as light bundles 6" and 6′′′.
  • the light bundle 6′′ incident on the upper side of the optical system 2 from outside the field of view 20 is totally reflected as a second light bundle 42 at the second interface 38 and in this way reflected out of the beam path 14 .
  • the prism group 24 delimits the field of view 20 on two opposite sides, for example on a lower and an upper horizontal edge of the field of view 20. On these sides of the field of view 20 in the optical system 2 incident light rays 6", 6′′′, which are incident from outside the field of view 20, are reflected out of the beam path 14.
  • incident light rays 6", 6′′′ which are incident from outside the field of view 20.
  • Such an adjustment is made, for example, by suitably selecting the inclination of the boundary surfaces 36, 38 relative to the optical axis 16.
  • a first prism group 24 would be like that in 2 The prism group 24 shown is arranged, a second prism group would be arranged rotated by 90° about the optical axis 16 in the direction of light incidence. In this way, the field of view 20 could be limited both at the horizontal and at the vertical limits of the field of view 20 .
  • the optical system 2 is, for example, the optical system 2 of a stereo video endoscope with a side view.
  • the optical system 2 comprises a prism group 24, which comprises a boundary surface 36, at which the light bundle 6" incident from outside the field of view 20 is reflected out of the beam path 14 as a first light bundle 40.
  • the prism group comprises 24 the first prism 30 and the second Prism 32.
  • a first air gap is again preferably provided between the first interface 36 of the first prism 30, so that total reflection takes place at the interface 36.
  • the first and second prisms 30, 32 are designed in particular in such a way that they replace the first deflection prism 62 of the deflection prism group 58, i.e. develop an equivalent optical effect (apart from the total reflection of light bundles 6" that do not come from the field of view 20).
  • the prism group 24, each of which is part of the distal optical assembly 10, removes undesired scattered light directly at the beginning of the optical system 2. This increases the imaging quality of the optical system 2.
  • the prism group off 3 is structurally complex and large because it is not fitted into a cylindrical shell.
  • FIG 4 Illustrated schematically is a dual prismatic distal optical assembly 100 known in the art.
  • the group of first prism 102 and second prism 104 is in Figure 4a ) shown in cross section, together with the central beam path 112. Between the two prisms 102 and 104 there is a gap 106 which is filled with air or another medium.
  • the central beam path 112 begins in the field of view on the left side of the image and initially runs at an angle to the central axis of the endoscope, which runs horizontally in the present illustration.
  • the beam path 112 enters the first prism 102 through a first boundary surface, enters the second prism 104 through the gap 106 and is reflected at the mirrored rear boundary surface of the second prism 104 .
  • the beam path 112 runs within the second prism back to the gap 106, where a reflection, for example a total reflection, at the second reflection surface 110 takes place, which deflects the central beam path 112 in such a way that it coincides, for example, with the central longitudinal axis 116 of the endoscope.
  • the first prism 102 of the prism group is off Figure 4a ) shown in more detail.
  • the prism is cut off at the top, is wedge-shaped and has a wedge angle ⁇ .
  • the portion of the central optical path 112 that runs through the first prism 102 has a length a and an angle ⁇ to the central longitudinal axis 116 of the endoscope, which thus defines the sideways viewing angle of the endoscope.
  • the upper part of the prism group is mainly used for the optical beam path around the central beam path 112, while the lower part is not used optically.
  • the optically unused glass volume is denoted by reference numeral 114 and represents a quasi-dead space or ballast.
  • figure 5 shows an example of a prism group 61 of an optical system 60 not according to the invention.
  • This is a prism group 61 with two prisms, namely a first prism 62 and a second prism 63, which are separated from one another by a gap 64. Also shown in figure 5 the distance a of the central beam path 67 through the first prism 62, the wedge angle ⁇ of the first prism 62 and the lateral viewing angle ⁇ .
  • the central beam path 67 runs through the first prism 62, the slit 64, the second prism 63, experiences a reflection on the first reflection surface 65 and a further reflection on the second reflection surface 66, where the central beam path 67 enters the central longitudinal axis 68 of the endoscope enters.
  • the passage through the gap 64 ensures that light rays that are at a greater angle of farther up in figure 5 enter, be reflected away by total internal reflection and fall out of the optical path.
  • figure 6 12 shows an embodiment of a prism group 71 of an optical system 70 according to the present invention.
  • This prism group 71 has three prisms 72, 73 and 74 which are separated from one another by two gaps 75, 76.
  • the distance a of the central beam path 79 through the first prism 72, the wedge angle ⁇ of the first prism 72 and the sideways viewing angle ⁇ of the optical system 70, which is 30° in this exemplary embodiment, can also be seen.
  • the central beam path 79 is reflected twice on a first reflection surface 77 and on a second reflection surface 78 from the lateral entry direction in the direction of the endoscope shaft parallel to the axis of symmetry.
  • the first prism 72 has an upper cut 81 .
  • the tops and bottoms of the other prisms 73, 74 are also trimmed. Compared to the known prism system according to example figure 4 it is noticeable that there is much less dead glass volume towards the bottom.
  • figure 6 already shows rudimentarily that the two gaps 75, 76 are arranged as mirror images of one another opposite the first section of the central beam path 79, so that they cause a symmetrical deflection of light rays by total reflection, which enter the prism group 71 from further above or from further below outside the field of view enter.
  • figure 7 shows a perspective representation of the first prism 72 of the prism group 71 figure 6 , in which it can be seen that this prism 72 is fitted into a cylindrical envelope 85.
  • the upper section 81 of the first prism 72 can also be seen such as a transparent area 82, which is provided for the desired beam path, and an opaque coated edge 83, which is coated in particular with an anti-flare coating 84.
  • Figure 8a shows a cross-sectional illustration through the exemplary embodiment according to FIG figure 6 in greater detail.
  • the plane of the cross-sectional representation corresponds to the plane of symmetry 90 of the optical system 70, which is shown in Figure 8b ) is shown.
  • Figure 8b additionally shows the sequence of upper cuts 81, 81', 81" of the 3 prisms 72, 73 and 74, which forms a sequence of steps, which is also shown in Figure 8a ) is recognizable. These form stop edges 86, 87 on the upper side of the prism group 71. Also in figure 8 shown is the anti-flare coating 84 of the prism group 71 and the lower sections 88, 88', 88" of the prisms 72, 73 and 74.
  • the geometry of the first prism 73 satisfies the conditions a ⁇ cos ⁇ ⁇ tan ⁇ ⁇ D / 2 such as L ⁇ D / cos ⁇ .
  • the distance a can then be set by shifting the first prism 72 at the interface to the second prism 73 .
  • the diameter D can be specified according to the available space, while the length L of the entry surface of the first prism 72 then results from the combination of the selected parameters and the sections to be selected relative to the cylindrical envelope.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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  • Optical Elements Other Than Lenses (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Système optique (60, 70) pour un endoscope à vision latérale, avec un trajet de faisceau central (79) qui présente distalement un angle de vision latérale θ par rapport à un axe longitudinal (80) d'une tige d'endoscope de l'endoscope, comprenant un ensemble optique distal avec un groupe de prismes (71), qui est conçu pour dévier la lumière incidente d'un champ de vision défini autour de l'angle de vision latérale dans une direction de l'axe longitudinal (80) de la tige de l'endoscope au moyen d'une réflexion sur une première surface de réflexion (77) et une deuxième surface de réflexion (78) et qui comprend trois prismes (72, 73, 74) dont les surfaces limites mutuellement contigües sont agencées par paires parallèlement les unes aux autres et sont mutuellement séparées par une fente (75, 76), une réflexion totale se produisant au niveau d'une surface limite entre un prisme (72, 73) et la fente suivante (75, 76), pour une partie de la lumière incidente en dehors d'un champ de vision, le groupe de prismes (71) présentant une enveloppe cylindrique (85) d'un diamètre D qui est prédéfini en fonction de l'espace de construction disponible, et un premier prisme (72) côté entrée du groupe de prismes (71) est formé en forme de coin avec un angle au sommet β et un trajet a du trajet de faisceau central (79) à travers le premier prisme (72), une face d'entrée du premier prisme (72) ayant une longueur L définie comme une longueur d'une ligne d'intersection de la face d'entrée avec le plan défini par le trajet de faisceau central (79), caractérisé en ce que le premier prisme (72) satisfait aux conditions a < cosθ ⋅ tan β ⋅ D / 2 ainsi que L < D / cosθ
    Figure imgb0006
     le deuxième prisme (73) étant en forme de coin, avec un angle au sommet 2·β, l'angle au sommet du deuxième prisme (73) étant adjacent à un côté du premier prisme opposé à l'angle au sommet du premier prisme (72) et l'angle au sommet du premier prisme étant adjacent à un côté du deuxième prisme (73) opposé à l'angle au sommet du deuxième prisme (73), de sorte que les fentes (75, 76) entre les trois prismes (72, 73, 74) sont inclinées dans des directions différentes par rapport au trajet optique central (79).
  2. Système optique selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les fentes (75, 76) sont remplies d'un milieu ayant une densité optique inférieure à celle d'un verre utilisé pour les prismes (72, 73, 74).
  3. Système optique selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que le milieu est un vide, une atmosphère inerte ou de l'air.
  4. Système optique selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que le premier prisme (72) présente une section inférieure (88) et/ou une section supérieure (81).
  5. Système optique selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que le deuxième prisme (73) présente une section inférieure (88') et/ou une section supérieure (81').
  6. Système optique selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que les sections inférieures (88, 88') ou les sections supérieures (81, 81', 81") des prismes (72, 73, 74) sont échelonnées en hauteur dans le groupe de prismes (71).
  7. Système optique selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce qu'un ensemble optique proximal (12) et au moins un capteur d'image (18) ou un oculaire sont inclus à l'ensemble optique proximal (12), de façon proximale.
  8. Système optique selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que l'ensemble optique distal comprend une lentille d'entrée (26) disposée en amont de la face d'entrée du premier prisme (72) dans la direction d'incidence de la lumière.
  9. Endoscope à vision latérale comprenant un système optique selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8.
EP17808916.5A 2016-12-15 2017-12-05 Système optique pour un endoscope à visée latérale ainsi qu'endoscope à visée latérale Active EP3555686B1 (fr)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102016225097.3A DE102016225097A1 (de) 2016-12-15 2016-12-15 Optisches System für ein seitwärts blickendes Endoskop sowie seitwärts blickendes Endoskop
PCT/EP2017/081455 WO2018108618A1 (fr) 2016-12-15 2017-12-05 Système optique pour un endoscope à visée latérale ainsi qu'endoscope à visée latérale

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EP3555686B1 true EP3555686B1 (fr) 2022-10-12

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EP (1) EP3555686B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP6983242B2 (fr)
CN (1) CN110073268B (fr)
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WO (1) WO2018108618A1 (fr)

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US10365554B1 (en) 2018-04-04 2019-07-30 Intuitive Surgical Operations, Inc. Dynamic aperture positioning for stereo endoscopic cameras

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JP5695808B1 (ja) * 2013-04-19 2015-04-08 オリンパスメディカルシステムズ株式会社 内視鏡装置
DE102014211367A1 (de) * 2014-06-13 2015-12-17 OLYMPUS Winter & lbe GmbH Prismenvorrichtung und Endoskop
CN105403992A (zh) * 2015-12-28 2016-03-16 天津市融和机电科技有限公司 一种硬管内窥镜物镜及其制作方法
DE102016214025A1 (de) 2016-07-29 2018-02-01 Olympus Winter & Ibe Gmbh Optisches System und chirurgisches Instrument mit einem solchen optischen System
DE102016010296B4 (de) * 2016-08-24 2020-11-05 Schölly Fiberoptic GmbH Objektivanordnung und Endoskop

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EP3555686A1 (fr) 2019-10-23
CN110073268A (zh) 2019-07-30
US20190285869A1 (en) 2019-09-19
JP2020502575A (ja) 2020-01-23
US11579432B2 (en) 2023-02-14
CN110073268B (zh) 2022-09-16
JP6983242B2 (ja) 2021-12-17
WO2018108618A1 (fr) 2018-06-21
DE102016225097A1 (de) 2018-06-21

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