EP3555404B1 - Thermally insulated metal-plastic composite profile - Google Patents

Description

Field of invention

The invention relates to a metal-plastic composite profile with reduced deformation in the event of temperature differences.

State of the art

Thermally insulated composite profiles are used for the frames of windows, doors or facades. An insulating profile or a large number of individual insulating webs for thermal decoupling is arranged between an outer profile made of metal and an inner profile made of metal in order to reduce the undesired heat flow between the inner and outer profile. With conventional composite profiles, a non-positive and therefore shear-proof connection is made between the insulating profile and the inner and outer profiles. The non-positive connection creates a flexural rigidity of the composite profile, which is required for the transfer of loads in the transverse direction, e.g. with wind pressure or wind suction. The transverse pulling direction runs in the direction of the distance between the inner profile and outer profile, while the pushing direction runs perpendicular thereto.

Since the insulating profile between the metal profiles represents a thermal separation plane that limits the heat flow from one metal profile to the other, the difficulty arises when producing a composite profile called a shear-resistant composite with a force-fit connection in the direction of thrust and in the direction of transverse tension between the insulating profile and the metal profiles, that if there is a temperature difference between the metal profiles forming the composite profile, the composite profile will sag. The reason for this is that due to the greater length expansion of the metal profile With a higher temperature, a shear stress between the components of the composite profile results which, due to the shear strength of the composite, results in a deflection of the composite profile in the direction of the metal profile with the higher temperature.

Such a difficulty due to temperature differences occurs, for example, in winter between the inside of the room and the outside air, and in summer, as soon as the solar radiation leads to an increase in temperature of the outer profile. These deformations are known as the bimetal effect, always have the effect of bulging towards the warmer side and impair the function of the component formed with the composite profile such as the window or door. For example, windows and doors can be difficult to close. Other possible difficulties could be restrictions on airtightness and watertightness against driving rain. Finally, the deflection can also become annoyingly visible at partition wall exclusions.

Several remedial measures have been suggested in the prior art. On the one hand, the bi-metal effect can be reduced by reducing the temperature differences. On the one hand, this can be done by worsening the thermal separation, which, however, means increased heat losses in winter. In particular, the thermal insulation can be worsened by the application of local thermal bridges, whereby the temperature differences between the inner and outer profile and the associated change in length and deflection are reduced.

Another measure is to increase the IR reflection of the outer surface, which is effective for both summer and winter cases. The disadvantage of this measure is, however, that the surface variants of the outer profile are restricted to the outside of the building. Another alternative is to worsen the composite effect of the overall profile. On the one hand, this can be done by reducing the rigidity of the insulating bars, as in the DE 20 2012 003 730 U1 is described.

Another possible measure is in the DE 296 23 019 U1 described. In the case of the thermally insulated composite profile described therein, a sliding connection is provided between the insulating webs and the metal profiles in order to avoid bending when the metal profiles are heated unevenly.

However, all measures to worsen the composite effect of the overall profile have the disadvantage that the flexural rigidity is significantly reduced compared to a composite profile with the same cross-section, ie with a shear-resistant bond between the insulating profile and the metal profiles. DE 32 36 357 A1 discloses a metal-plastic composite profile with all the features of the preamble of claim 1.

Presentation of the invention

The invention is based on the object of proposing a thermally insulated metal-plastic composite profile which has a reduced bimetal effect while at the same time providing sufficient flexural rigidity and thermal insulation.

This object is achieved by a metal-plastic composite profile with the features of claim 1. Preferred embodiments follow from the remaining claims.

The metal-plastic composite profile according to the invention with reduced deformation when there are temperature differences between inside and outside comprises an inner profile made of metal Outer profile made of metal and an insulating profile made of plastic, with a shear-proof connection as well as a form-fitting connection in the transverse direction of pull between the insulating profile and the inner profile. Between the insulating profile and the outer profile there is a positive connection in the transverse direction of pull and a shear-soft, ie sliding connection in the direction of shear. The metal-plastic composite profile according to the invention also comprises a means for increasing the flexural rigidity of the metal-plastic composite profile, the means for increasing the flexural rigidity comprising the following measure:
The material of the insulating profile has a modulus of elasticity of at least 10 GPa and preferably at least 20 GPa, particularly preferably at least 40 GPa.

The temperature difference between inside and outside is the temperature difference between the outer profile and the inner profile.

According to the invention, the flexural strength of the metal-plastic composite profile is increased by this measure.

An insulating profile is used that has increased rigidity. For example, when using fiberglass-reinforced plastic (GRP), an E-module of up to 60 GPa can be achieved, or when using carbon fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP), an E-module of over 40 GPa can be achieved. In the prior art, common materials for insulating profiles such as PA 6.6 GF25, AWS or PVC, however, have E-modules that are usually below 5 GPa. By using an insulating web with a modulus of elasticity of at least 10 GPa, increased flexural rigidity is generated, which is further increased by the provision of at least one transverse element extending perpendicular to the transverse direction of pull. The at least one transverse element extending perpendicular to the transverse direction of pull is a transverse web or transverse bulkhead. The necessary to achieve a sufficient The dimensions of the transverse element required for bending stiffness depend on their number and distance from the center of gravity in order to obtain a sufficiently high bending stiffness. The provision of transverse bulkheads also has the effect that the heat transfer through convection is reduced.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the insulating profile consists of GRP. GRP (glass fiber reinforced plastic) has the significant advantage that common GRP materials with a glass fiber content of more than 40% and, using common resins, have a coefficient of thermal expansion that is 25% to 50% of the coefficient of thermal expansion of thermoplastics. This makes an insulating profile made of GRP less sensitive to temperature-related deformation when there is a high temperature difference in the insulating profile.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the insulating profile has a first insulating web element and a second insulating web element, and the sliding connection between the insulating profile and the outer profile comprises a sliding device near the outer profile between the first insulating web element and the second insulating web element. In this way, the connection in the metal-plastic composite profile, which slides in the direction of thrust, is either completely or additionally installed in a sliding connection between the first insulating web element and the second insulating web element, although the sliding device between the first insulating web element and the second insulating web element is closer to the outer profile than to the inner profile is arranged and is preferably located in that third of the extent of the insulating profile between the inner profile and the outer profile, which is adjacent to the outer profile. This preferred measure can be advantageous since a sliding connection between the plastic material of the insulating web can be more effective than a sliding connection between the metal of the outer profile and the plastic of the insulating element. The connection between the The insulating profile and the outer profile can be designed in a conventional manner, ie with a shear-proof connection and a form-fitting connection in the transverse direction of pull and thus like the connection between the insulating profile and the inner profile.

By arranging the crossbars so that their averaged position is closer to the outer profile than to the inner profile, it is achieved that the combination of inner profile and insulating profile has a particularly high flexural strength.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the insulating profile has at least one cavity and a plurality of connection points in each case to the inner profile and the outer profile. By using a cavity and the resulting increased moments of inertia, the flexural rigidity of the insulating profile and thus the flexural rigidity of the entire metal-plastic composite profile is increased further.

According to a further possible embodiment of the invention, the insulating profile is designed as a hollow profile with a plurality of transverse webs and the transverse webs are arranged such that their averaged position is closer to the outer profile than to the inner profile. In other words, the insulating profile can have a plurality of transverse webs which, in total, are arranged closer to the outer profile than to the inner profile. This can be determined by the fact that, in the case of a plurality of transverse webs, their individual position is averaged and the geometrically averaged position is closer to the outer profile than to the inner profile.

According to a preferred embodiment, the provision of a layer with low emissivity on at least one of the transverse webs or at least one transverse bulkhead can further reduce the heat transfer.

Brief description of the drawings

Fig. 1

schematisch eine erste Ausführungsform des wärmegedämmte Metall-Kunststoff-Verbundprofils nach der Erfindung zeigt;

Fig. 2

eine Variante der in Fig. 1 dargestellten Ausführungsform mit zwei Querstegen zeigt;

Fig. 3

eine Variante der in Fig. 2 dargestellten Ausführungsform mit einer unterschiedlichen Form des Dämmprofils zeigt;

Fig. 4

eine weitere Ausführungsform der Erfindung unter Verwendung von zwei separaten Dämmstegen darstellt

Fig. 5

eine Variante der Ausführungsform der Erfindung nach Fig. 4 zeigt;

Fig. 6

eine weitere Variante der Ausführungsform der Erfindung nach Fig. 4 und 5;

Fig. 7

eine Variante der Ausführungsform der Erfindung nach Fig. 4 zeigt;

Fig. 8

eine Variante der Ausführungsform der Erfindung nach Fig. 5 zeigt;

Fig. 9

eine Variante der Ausführungsform der Erfindung nach Fig. 6 zeigt; und

Fig. 10

eine weitere Ausführungsform der Erfindung darstellt.

The invention is described below purely by way of example with reference to the accompanying figures, in which

Fig. 1

shows schematically a first embodiment of the thermally insulated metal-plastic composite profile according to the invention;

Fig. 2

a variant of the in Fig. 1 the embodiment shown with two transverse webs shows;

Fig. 3

a variant of the in Fig. 2 shown embodiment with a different shape of the insulating profile shows;

Fig. 4

represents a further embodiment of the invention using two separate insulating bars

Fig. 5

a variant of the embodiment of the invention according to Fig. 4 shows;

Fig. 6

another variant of the embodiment of the invention according to Fig. 4 and 5 ;

Fig. 7

a variant of the embodiment of the invention according to Fig. 4 shows;

Fig. 8

a variant of the embodiment of the invention according to Fig. 5 shows;

Fig. 9

a variant of the embodiment of the invention according to Fig. 6 shows; and

Fig. 10

represents a further embodiment of the invention.

Description of the preferred embodiments

In the following figures, the same elements are denoted by the same reference numbers.

Fig. 1 shows a first embodiment of a metal-plastic composite profile 1, which consists of an inner profile 2, an outer profile 3 and an insulating profile 4 between the inner profile 2 and the outer profile 3.

Both the inner profile 2 and the outer profile 3 are made of metal, aluminum, steel, stainless steel, weatherproof steel or copper / brass being particularly preferred.

When using aluminum, this is preferably anodized or coated. If steel is used, it is preferably galvanized, in particular strip galvanized (continuously hot-dip galvanized) or piece-galvanized. Alternatively, the steel can also be coated, in which case either liquid paint or a powder coating can be used. However, it is also possible to treat the steel using a duplex process, i.e. both galvanizing and coating.

If stainless steel is selected for the inner profile and / or outer profile, it can be blank, polished, ground or electrolytically colored. When using brass / copper, this is preferably used bare or pickled.

A shear-resistant connection 5 with transverse tensile strength is provided between the inner profile 2 and the insulating profile 4. In other words, a fixed connection is established both in the direction of the arrow A (transverse pulling direction) and in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the drawing Fig. 1 (Direction of thrust).

On the other hand, between the insulating profile 4 and the outer profile 3, a flexible connection 7 with sufficient transverse tensile strength is produced. In other words, a connection in the direction of arrow A (transverse pulling direction) is established with the aid of a suitable form fit, whereas in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the drawing Fig. 1 (Pushing direction) the insulating profile 4 can slide relative to the outer profile 3.

Both the shear-resistant connection 5 and the shear-soft connection 7 can be implemented via a form-fit connection in the transverse direction of pull.

The connection 5 between the insulating profile 4 and the inner profile 2 as well as the connection 7 between the insulating profile 4 and the outer profile 3 can each be configured via a dovetail-shaped guide 6. The connection 5 between the insulating profile 4 and the inner profile 2 can be provided with knurling in the inner profile 2 to produce the shear-proof connection 5. In contrast to this, the flexible connection 7 can also be implemented via a dovetail guide 6, but without knurling in the outer profile 3 in order to allow sliding in the longitudinal direction of the insulating profile perpendicular to the plane of the drawing Fig. 1 to enable.

In order to at least partially compensate for the flexural rigidity of the composite profile 1, which is reduced by the flexible connection 7, the insulating profile 4 is made of a material with high rigidity, the modulus of elasticity of the material being at least 10 GPa. For example, the insulating profile can be made of GRP, with E-modules of up to approx. 60 GPa being achievable. When using an insulating profile made of a carbon fiber-reinforced plastic, E-modules of over 60 GPa can even be achieved. The achievable bending stiffness of the composite profile does not depend exclusively on the material of the Insulation profile 4 from, but also from its geometry. So is in the design according to Fig. 1 the insulating profile 4 is formed with an H-shaped cross section and has a transverse web 9a, which rigidly connects the two longitudinal webs 11a and 11b to one another. In conjunction with a shear-proof connection 5 to the inner profile, the distance to the center of gravity, referred to as the "Steiner portion", increases through the crosspiece 9a in order to create a supporting structure with an increased moment of inertia and thus improved flexural rigidity.

In the embodiment according to Fig. 2 shows a one-piece insulating profile 4 with two longitudinal webs 11a and 11b and two transverse webs 9a and 9b. Otherwise the embodiment corresponds to Fig. 2 after those Fig. 1 . Due to the ladder-shaped structure of the insulating profile 4 after Fig. 2 the bending resistance of the insulating profile is further improved. The provision of a hollow chamber 12 between the transverse webs 9a and 9b improves the thermal insulation.

According to both embodiments Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 What is common is that the transverse webs 9a and 9b are averaged closer to the outer profile 3 than to the inner profile 2. If one were to consider the position of the crossbars in the transverse direction A relative to the connections 6 between the insulating profile 4 and the outer profile 3 and between the insulating profile 4 and the inner profile 3, the sum of the distances between the individual crossbars and the outer profile 3 would be less than the sum the spacing of the transverse webs to the inner profile 2. This measure is used to give the insulating profile 4 increased rigidity by increasing the moment of inertia, especially in the area in which there is a reduced overall rigidity due to the flexible connection 7 between the insulating profile 4 and the outer profile 3 .

When using an insulating profile made of a material of high rigidity with an E-module of at least 10 GPa Alternative geometries of the insulating profile can also be provided. Thus, the insulating profile 4 can also consist of individual insulating webs, each of which is connected to the inner profile via a shear-resistant connection and to the outer profile via a shear-resistant connection.

In the embodiment according to Fig. 3 a so-called Ω-insulating profile 4 is shown, which by its increased width compared to the design according to Fig. 2 has improved properties, as the insulating profile 4 is flush with the metal profile in the outer contour. In addition, the curvature of the longitudinal webs 11a, 11b, their length in the plane of the Fig. 3 increases, whereby the thermal insulation compared to the geometry according to Fig. 2 somewhat improved. Also in the embodiment according to Fig. 3 the transverse webs 9a, 9b are arranged closer to the outer profile 3 in order to increase the moment of inertia.

In the embodiments according to Figures 4 , 5 and 6th are each provided instead of transverse webs 9, 9a, 9b, transverse bulkheads 14 on the longitudinal webs 11 of the insulating webs 4-1 and 4-2 forming the insulating profile, which are also arranged eccentrically, since the transverse bulkheads 14 spaced apart from the inner profile 2 each time the moment of inertia of the associated insulating web 4-1, 4-2 increased. The more transverse bulkheads 14 are provided, the higher the moment of inertia becomes.

In addition, the transverse bulkheads 14 represent a barrier which reduces the heat flow through radiation between the inner profile 2 and the outer profile 2. If two insulation bars 4-1 and 4-2 as in Figures 4 , 5 and 6th shown are designed mirror images of one another and the transverse bulkheads almost touch, almost closed hollow chambers 12 are also formed, which further improve the thermal insulation. The almost closed hollow chambers hinder the transfer of heat by convection, as there is a there is a reduced temperature difference from transverse bulkhead to transverse bulkhead.

The embodiments according to Figures, 7 , 8th and 9 match those after Figures 4 , 5 and 6th and additionally have at least one LE layer (low emissivity) with low emissivity applied either on one side or on both sides to the transverse bulkheads, which is either glued on as a film or sprayed on as a lacquer layer. The LE layers 15, 15a, 15b, 15c, 15d reduce the heat flow due to radiation and therefore contribute to the improved thermal insulation of the metal-plastic composite profile 1 according to the embodiments of FIG Figures 7 , 8th and 9 compared to the otherwise identical embodiments Figures 4 , 5 and 6th at. In general, the exchange of energy with the outer profile is hindered more effectively if the LE layer points towards the outer profile. The optimal solution, however, is to provide both the surface facing the outer profile and the surface facing the inner profile with an LE layer.

In the embodiment according to Fig. 10 with an H-shaped insulating profile 4, an LE layer 15 is also provided on the transverse web 9a, which layer faces the inner profile 2. In the Fig. 10 an outer profile 3 and an inner profile 2 are also shown schematically, each of which has a dovetail-shaped receptacle 6. In contrast to the embodiments shown in the other figures, the flexible connection 7 between the insulating profile 4 and the outer profile 3 can be laid in the insulating profile 4 as an additional variant in all the embodiments of the invention shown. For this purpose, the insulating profile 4 consists of a first insulating web element 4a and a second insulating web element 4b. Both the first insulating web element 4a and the second insulating web element 4b are connected to the inner profile 2 and outer profile 3 via a shear-resistant connection 5. Between the two Dämmstegelemente 4a and 4b there is the shear-soft connection 7, which is positive-locking in the transverse direction, which allows relative sliding in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the drawing Fig. 10 allowed. However, it is important that the flexible connection 7 is located near the outer profile 3, so that the flexible connection 7 is also in the immediate vicinity of the outer profile 3 in this embodiment. The length L1 of the insulating bar element 4a connected to the inner profile 2 in a shear-proof manner can therefore advantageously be at least twice as great in the heat flow direction as the length L2 of the insulating bar element 4b connected to the outer profile 3.

All embodiments have in common that the creation of a metal-plastic composite profile according to the invention can limit the bi-metal effect and at the same time achieve sufficient thermal insulation and sufficient flexural rigidity. With thermal insulation, heat transfer coefficients Uf of ≤ 3.0 W / (m ² K) and up to heat transfer coefficients of Uf of ≤ 1.5 W / (m ² K) can be achieved. Depending on the geometry of the insulating profile and its choice of material, a bending stiffness can be achieved which, compared to a composite profile made of a conventional thermoplastic material and with a sliding connection between the insulating profile and the outer profile, achieves a significantly higher bending stiffness.

Claims (7)

1. Metal-plastic composite profile comprising:

   - an inner profile (2) made of metal;

   - an outer profile (3) made of metal; and

   - an insulating profile (4) made of plastic;

   wherein

   - the insulating profile (4) has a geometry which comprises at least one transverse element (9a; 9b, 9c; 14) extending perpendicular to the direction of transverse tensile force;

   characterised in that
   the metal-plastic composite profile comprises

   - a shear-resistant form-locking connection (6) in the direction of transverse tensile force between the insulating profile (4) and the inner profile (2) and

   - a form-locking connection in the direction of transverse tensile force between the insulating profile (4) and the outer profile (3) and a sliding connection (7) in the direction of thrust; so that

   - the metal-plastic-composite profile exhibits a reduced deformation in the event of temperature differences between interior and exterior; wherein

   the material of the insulating profile (4) has a modulus of elasticity of at least 10 GPa, preferably at least 20 GPa and particularly preferably at least 40 GPa, in order to increase the bending stiffness of the metal-plastic composite profile (1).
2. Metal-plastic composite profile according to claim 1, characterised in that the insulating profile (4) is made of glass fibre reinforced plastic or carbon fibre reinforced plastic, but preferably glass fibre reinforced plastic.
3. Metal-plastic composite profile according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the insulating profile (4) has a first insulating web element (4a) and a second insulating web element (4b) and the sliding connection (7) between insulating profile (4) and outer profile (3) comprises a sliding device near the outer profile (3) between the first insulating web element (4a) and the second insulating web element (4b).
4. Metal-plastic composite profile according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the insulating profile (4) has at least one cavity as well as in each case a plurality of connection points with the inner profile and the outer profile.
5. Metal-plastic composite profile according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the insulating profile (4) is configured as a hollow profile with one or more transverse webs (9; 9a, 9b, 9c) and the transverse web (9) or the transverse webs (9a, 9b, 9c) are arranged such that their averaged position lies closer to the outer profile (3) than to the inner profile (2).
6. Metal-plastic composite profile according to one of the claims 1 to 4, further comprising a plurality of transverse bulkheads (14) on the longitudinal webs (11) of the insulating profile (4).
7. Metal-plastic composite profile according to one of the claims 5 and 6, further comprising a layer with low emissivity (15) on at least one transverse web (9; 9a, 9b, 9c) or at least one transverse bulkhead (14).

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