EP3550000A1 - Composition d'essence permettant de réduire les émissions de particules - Google Patents
Composition d'essence permettant de réduire les émissions de particules Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3550000A1 EP3550000A1 EP18305397.4A EP18305397A EP3550000A1 EP 3550000 A1 EP3550000 A1 EP 3550000A1 EP 18305397 A EP18305397 A EP 18305397A EP 3550000 A1 EP3550000 A1 EP 3550000A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- gasoline composition
- gasoline
- alcohol
- vol
- particulate emissions
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/182—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof
- C10L1/1822—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof hydroxy group directly attached to (cyclo)aliphatic carbon atoms
- C10L1/1824—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof hydroxy group directly attached to (cyclo)aliphatic carbon atoms mono-hydroxy
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/02—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
- C10L1/023—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only for spark ignition
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/04—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons
- C10L1/06—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons for spark ignition
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
- C10L10/02—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for reducing smoke development
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
- C10L10/10—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for improving the octane number
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L2200/00—Components of fuel compositions
- C10L2200/04—Organic compounds
- C10L2200/0407—Specifically defined hydrocarbon fractions as obtained from, e.g. a distillation column
- C10L2200/0415—Light distillates, e.g. LPG, naphtha
- C10L2200/0423—Gasoline
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L2200/00—Components of fuel compositions
- C10L2200/04—Organic compounds
- C10L2200/0461—Fractions defined by their origin
- C10L2200/0469—Renewables or materials of biological origin
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L2270/00—Specifically adapted fuels
- C10L2270/02—Specifically adapted fuels for internal combustion engines
- C10L2270/023—Specifically adapted fuels for internal combustion engines for gasoline engines
Definitions
- the present invention relates to gasoline compositions especially to gasoline compositions suitable as automobile fuels and associated with low particulate emissions, the present invention also relates to the use of alcohols chosen among linear or branched secondary alcohols comprising 3 to 7 carbon atoms, for example isopropanol, in gasoline compositions to reduce particulate emissions.
- alcohols chosen among linear or branched secondary alcohols comprising 3 to 7 carbon atoms, for example isopropanol, in gasoline compositions to reduce particulate emissions.
- On-road vehicles are an important source of particulate matter emissions. Especially, particulate matter emissions from motor vehicles are of particular importance in urban areas where emissions occur in close proximity to populations. Once inhaled, these particles can affect the heart and lungs and cause serious health effects.
- Particulates are generated in the combustion chamber and then emitted through the exhaust system.
- Norm Euro6C of the European Union requires that gasoline engines emit less than 4.5 mg/km of particulate matter in mass and less than 6.10 11 per km in number. Reducing particulate emissions is thus of great interest.
- the reduction of the particulate emission can be addressed by the engine-fuel system or through the exhaust system.
- Three ways of reducing particulate matter emissions are available:
- oxygenate compounds for example ethanol and ethyl tertiary butyl ether (ETBE)
- EBE ethyl tertiary butyl ether
- a second challenge is also to obtain the maximum reduction of particulate emissions while achieving the highest greenhouse gases emissions reduction in terms of CO 2 equivalents through the incorporation of a maximum amount of biobased gasoline components.
- An object of the invention is thus to provide a gasoline composition enabling to reduce particulate emissions.
- Another objective of the invention is to provide such gasoline composition comprising a maximum amount of biobased components.
- Another objective of the invention is also to provide a gasoline composition in conformation with norm Euro6C (2009) and EN228 (2008).
- a gasoline composition comprising hydrocarbons mixture with 13% to 99.5%, preferably from 13% to 95%, more preferably 30% to 95%, preferably 30 to 90%, by volume of at least one alcohol chosen among linear or branched secondary alcohols comprising 3 to 7 carbon atoms, for example isopropanol, and preferably from 0.5 to 87%, preferably 5 to 70%, preferably 10 to 70%, by volume of hydrocarbon and oxygenated compounds.
- the gasoline composition of the invention comprises from 13% to 99.5%, preferably 30% to 95%, preferably 30 to 90%, by volume of at least one alcohol chosen among linear or branched secondary alcohols comprising 3 to 7 carbon atoms, for example isopropanol.
- the secondary alcohol is biobased.
- a biobased secondary alcohol such as isopropanol, can be obtained by fermentation of renewable resources.
- the biobased isopropanol can be produced by fermentation for example according to the process disclosed in WO2013007786 , WO201514447 or PCT/EP2015/061391 .
- biobased compounds refers to compounds obtained from bioresources for example by use of renewable resources (such as agricultural resources).
- a compound is considered fully biobased when it is produced using only renewable resources.
- a compound is considered partially biobased when it is produced from compounds issued from renewables resources and compounds which are not issued from renewable resources.
- the biobased content can be tested using ASTM D6866 - 16 (Standard test methods for determining the biobased content of solid, liquid, and gaseous samples using radiocarbon analysis).
- the compounds comprising oxygen can also be named oxygenates, there are organic compounds (i.e. compounds comprising carbon and hydrogen) comprising at least one oxygen atom.
- oxygenates are generally combustible liquids comprising carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.
- oxygenates are chosen among alcohols other than the secondary alcohols as mentioned above or ether compounds.
- oxygenates are chosen among tertiary alkyl ether such as ethyl tertiary butyl ether (ETBE), methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE), ethanol, tertiary-amyl methyl ether (TAME) or mixtures thereof.
- the oxygenate is ETBE.
- composition of the invention can comprise combination of different oxygenates.
- the oxygenate, or the combination of oxygenates is present in an amount comprised between 0.5 and 87% by volume, preferably between 5 and 30% by volume, more preferably between 10 and 30% by volume.
- oxygenates used in the compound according to the invention are totally or partially biobased oxygenates, for example ethanol from bioresources (also called bioethanol), ether obtained by etherification between an alcohol from bioresources and alkanes from bioressources.
- bioresources also called bioethanol
- ETBE can be obtained by etherification of ethanol obtained from bioressources and isobutene obtained from bioresources for example according to the process disclosed above.
- Secondary alcohols are defined as organic chemical compounds with a hydroxy group bound to a secondary carbon atom.
- a secondary carbon is defined as a carbon atom bound to two other carbon atoms.
- the secondary alcohols are linear or branched. They may be represented by the formula (R)(R')CH-OH, R and R', identical or different, being linear or branched (C 2 -C 6 )alkyl groups, and wherein the total of carbon atoms of the R and R' groups being comprised between 2 and 6.
- the secondary alcohols according to the invention are branched secondary alcohols.
- Isopropanol (propan-2-ol), butan-2-ol, pentan-2-ol, pentan-3-ol, 3-methylbutan-2-ol, hexan-2-ol, hexan-3-ol, 3-methylpentan-2-ol, 4-methylpentan-2-ol, 2-methylpentan-3-ol, 3,3-dimethylbutan-2-ol, heptan-2-ol, heptan-3-ol, heptan-4-ol, 3-methylhexan-2-ol, 4-methylhexan-2-ol, 5-methylhexan-2-ol, 4-methylhexan-3-ol, 5-methylhexan-3-ol, 2-methylhexan-3-ol, 2,4-dimethylpentan-3-ol, 3,3-dimethylpentan-2-ol, 4,4-dimethylpentan-2-ol, 2,2-dimethylpentan-3-ol and 3-ethy
- Mixtures of secondary alcohols according to the invention could be for example a mixture of isopropanol and butan-2-ol, or a mixture of 3-methylbutan-2-ol and pentan-3-ol.
- the gasoline composition according to the invention is any petroleum-derived composition comprising organic compounds generally obtained by the fractional distillation of petroleum.
- the gasoline composition of the invention can be a conventional mix of straight chain alkanes, branched and cyclic, comprising from 5 to 12 carbon atoms, with 13% to 99.5%, preferably 30% to 95%, preferably 30 to 90% by volume of at least one alcohol chosen among linear or branched secondary alcohols according to the invention, along with some aromatic compounds.
- the maximum concentration of aromatics in the gasoline composition is 35% by volume.
- the gasoline composition has properties complying to EN228 norm or can be blended with an additional component, such as an oxygenate, and the resulting blend is compliant to the EN228 norm.
- the present invention also relates to the use of at least one secondary alcohol as defined in the invention as a gasoline composition or in a gasoline composition to reduce particulate emissions.
- the present invention also relates to the use of 4% to 100 vol%, preferably 10% to 99.5% vol%, preferably 30 to 95 vol%, more preferably 30 to 90 vol%, of at least one secondary alcohol according to the invention, in a gasoline composition to reduce the particulate emissions.
- the gasoline composition, the alcohol and the oxygenates are as disclosed above.
- the present invention also relates to a method for reducing the particulate emissions of an engine car comprising the use of at least one secondary alcohol as defined in the invention as gasoline composition or in a gasoline composition.
- the secondary alcohol is used in a proportion from 4% to 100 vol%, preferably 10% to 99.5% vol%, preferably 30 to 95 vol%, more preferably 30 to 90 vol%
- the present invention also relates to a method for reducing the particulate emissions of an engine car comprising the use of a gasoline composition comprising from 4% to 100 vol%, preferably 10% to 99.5% vol%, preferably 30 to 95 vol%, more preferably 30 to 90 vol%, at least one alcohol according to the invention.
- the present invention also relates to a method for reducing the particulate emissions of an engine car comprising the use of a gasoline composition according to the invention and as disclosed above.
- the use of at least one secondary alcohol according to the invention enables a huge reduction of the particulate emissions, especially a reduction up to 99% in particle number, preferably up to 77% in particle number, compared with a gasoline composition without such additives, of the particulate emissions.
- Tests were carried out in a one-cylinder engine such as descried above. All equipment used for the measures meets the specification of the DIN EN 228 norm.
- compositions of the different fuel compositions are given in table 1 below.
- Table 1 Composition in vol% Blend Isopropanol Ethanol ETBE RON91E0 Blend A 0 10 0 90 Blend B 0 0 20 80 Blend C 12 0 0 88
- Catalyst heating load point was selected for fuel comparison due to its challenging boundary conditions for mixture formation, combustion and particulate emissions.
- Double injection (2 nd ignition coupled injection) was investigated. For ignition coupled injection (5°CA after spark timing) is initiated. 2 nd injection results in a stabilizing diffusive combustion allowing for later combustion at same combustion facility.
- n ENG refers to the engine speed expressed in rotations per minute.
- IMEP indicated mean effective pressure, is the mean effective pressure calculated with indicated power. The mean effective pressure can be regarded as an average pressure in the cylinder for a complete engine cycle.
- EVC refers to exhaust valve closing.
- IVO inlet valve opening.
- SOI start of injection.
- °CA Crank angle.
- the top dead centre (TDC) is the position of a piston in which it is farthest from the crankshaft.
- °CA BTDC Crank angle before top dead center.
- °CA ATDC Crank angle after top dead center.
- Figures 1 and 2 enable to show the particle emissions reduction in number depending on the oxygenate compound incorporated in gasoline.
- blend A shows a reduction of particle emissions of 55% in number
- blend B shows a reduction of particle emissions of 46% in number
- Blend C shows a reduction of particle emissions of 77% in number.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP18305397.4A EP3550000A1 (fr) | 2018-04-04 | 2018-04-04 | Composition d'essence permettant de réduire les émissions de particules |
PCT/EP2019/058555 WO2019193115A1 (fr) | 2018-04-04 | 2019-04-04 | Composition d'essence permettant de réduire les émissions de particules |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP18305397.4A EP3550000A1 (fr) | 2018-04-04 | 2018-04-04 | Composition d'essence permettant de réduire les émissions de particules |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3550000A1 true EP3550000A1 (fr) | 2019-10-09 |
Family
ID=61965892
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP18305397.4A Withdrawn EP3550000A1 (fr) | 2018-04-04 | 2018-04-04 | Composition d'essence permettant de réduire les émissions de particules |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP3550000A1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2019193115A1 (fr) |
Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3033220A1 (de) * | 1980-09-04 | 1982-04-01 | Maurizio Milano Gianoli | Treibstoff- bzw. brennstoffgemisch |
EP1505143A1 (fr) * | 2002-05-15 | 2005-02-09 | Kawaguchi, Makoto | Carburant pour moteur a combustion interne |
WO2013007786A1 (fr) | 2011-07-12 | 2013-01-17 | Scientist Of Fortune S.A. | Micro-organisme recombiné pour la production de métabolites utiles |
EP2568033A2 (fr) | 2011-09-11 | 2013-03-13 | Neste Oil Oyj | Compositions d'essences et leur procédé de production |
WO2015014447A1 (fr) | 2013-08-01 | 2015-02-05 | Uhde Fertilizer Technology B.V. | Réacteur de production de granulés de fertilisant contenant de l'azote |
EP3192852A1 (fr) * | 2016-01-13 | 2017-07-19 | Ecomanda AG | Additif de carburant |
CN107868683A (zh) * | 2017-11-01 | 2018-04-03 | 魏崇振 | 节能汽油添加剂 |
-
2018
- 2018-04-04 EP EP18305397.4A patent/EP3550000A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
-
2019
- 2019-04-04 WO PCT/EP2019/058555 patent/WO2019193115A1/fr active Application Filing
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3033220A1 (de) * | 1980-09-04 | 1982-04-01 | Maurizio Milano Gianoli | Treibstoff- bzw. brennstoffgemisch |
EP1505143A1 (fr) * | 2002-05-15 | 2005-02-09 | Kawaguchi, Makoto | Carburant pour moteur a combustion interne |
WO2013007786A1 (fr) | 2011-07-12 | 2013-01-17 | Scientist Of Fortune S.A. | Micro-organisme recombiné pour la production de métabolites utiles |
EP2568033A2 (fr) | 2011-09-11 | 2013-03-13 | Neste Oil Oyj | Compositions d'essences et leur procédé de production |
WO2015014447A1 (fr) | 2013-08-01 | 2015-02-05 | Uhde Fertilizer Technology B.V. | Réacteur de production de granulés de fertilisant contenant de l'azote |
EP3192852A1 (fr) * | 2016-01-13 | 2017-07-19 | Ecomanda AG | Additif de carburant |
CN107868683A (zh) * | 2017-11-01 | 2018-04-03 | 魏崇振 | 节能汽油添加剂 |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
WESTPHAL ET AL., TOXICOLOGY, vol. 268, 2010, pages 198 - 203 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2019193115A1 (fr) | 2019-10-10 |
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