EP3548805B1 - Générateur de vapeur pour le nettoyage vapeur de pièces - Google Patents

Générateur de vapeur pour le nettoyage vapeur de pièces Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3548805B1
EP3548805B1 EP18796453.1A EP18796453A EP3548805B1 EP 3548805 B1 EP3548805 B1 EP 3548805B1 EP 18796453 A EP18796453 A EP 18796453A EP 3548805 B1 EP3548805 B1 EP 3548805B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
steam
steam generator
core
cleaning
nozzle
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP18796453.1A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3548805A1 (fr
Inventor
Antonio Alvarez
Dietmar Sonntag
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Elwema Automotive GmbH
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Elwema Automotive GmbH
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Publication of EP3548805A1 publication Critical patent/EP3548805A1/fr
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
    • F22B1/28—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method in boilers heated electrically
    • F22B1/287—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method in boilers heated electrically with water in sprays or in films
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B08—CLEANING
    • B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
    • B08B3/00—Cleaning by methods involving the use or presence of liquid or steam
    • B08B3/02—Cleaning by the force of jets or sprays
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B08—CLEANING
    • B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
    • B08B3/00—Cleaning by methods involving the use or presence of liquid or steam
    • B08B3/04—Cleaning involving contact with liquid
    • B08B3/10—Cleaning involving contact with liquid with additional treatment of the liquid or of the object being cleaned, e.g. by heat, by electricity or by vibration
    • B08B3/14—Removing waste, e.g. labels, from cleaning liquid; Regenerating cleaning liquids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B27/00—Instantaneous or flash steam boilers
    • F22B27/16—Instantaneous or flash steam boilers involving spray nozzles for sprinkling or injecting water particles on to or into hot heat-exchange elements, e.g. into tubes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B37/00—Component parts or details of steam boilers
    • F22B37/60—Component parts or details of steam boilers specially adapted for steam boilers of instantaneous or flash type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22G—SUPERHEATING OF STEAM
    • F22G1/00—Steam superheating characterised by heating method
    • F22G1/16—Steam superheating characterised by heating method by using a separate heat source independent from heat supply of the steam boiler, e.g. by electricity, by auxiliary combustion of fuel oil
    • F22G1/165—Steam superheating characterised by heating method by using a separate heat source independent from heat supply of the steam boiler, e.g. by electricity, by auxiliary combustion of fuel oil by electricity
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B08—CLEANING
    • B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
    • B08B2203/00—Details of cleaning machines or methods involving the use or presence of liquid or steam
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B08—CLEANING
    • B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
    • B08B2230/00—Other cleaning aspects applicable to all B08B range
    • B08B2230/01—Cleaning with steam

Definitions

  • the invention relates generally to the industrial cleaning of workpieces by means of a steam jet, and to a steam generator particularly suitable for this. It concerns in particular the steam cleaning of components or assemblies manufactured in large series e.g. for or in the automotive industry. It can e.g. machining components, such as Act components of internal combustion engines, transmissions, or other machine components, in particular the drive system of a motor vehicle.
  • machining components such as Act components of internal combustion engines, transmissions, or other machine components, in particular the drive system of a motor vehicle.
  • the invention is not limited to cleaning parts for conventional internal combustion engines or electric drive systems, but can be used in general in automated production.
  • the proposed steam cleaning system is for intermediate cleaning (before a subsequent work sequence), e.g. Suitable for cleaning MQL processing residues, or for relieving a subsequent final cleaner. Depending on the component type and cleaning requirements, it can also be used for the final cleaning.
  • MQL minimal quantity lubrication
  • WO 2011/124 868 A1 Another method, especially for cleaning metal workpieces after machining, is from WO 2011/124 868 A1 previously known.
  • a steam jet is enveloped by an air pressure jet.
  • the enveloping air pressure jacket is designed to protect the steam jet from friction losses and thus increase its effectiveness in degreasing.
  • a steam generator a conventional boiler or continuous steam generator has been proposed.
  • Conventional steam boilers are slow, energetically inefficient and require considerable installation space.
  • US 6,299,076 B1 describes a steam cleaning system for workpieces, especially for the semiconductor industry.
  • a porous coating is provided on the inner surface of the steam generator to improve the heat transfer and to reduce the Leidenfrost phenomenon.
  • More typical rapid steam generators are once-through boilers or once-through water tube boilers. With this type of construction, the water / steam flow is forced through a spiral coil which is heated from the outside with a gas or oil burner.
  • Continuous steam generators based on the Stone Vapor, Clayton or Sulzer and Benson principles are known.
  • energy-efficient continuous water tube boilers e.g. with multiple nested coils and exhaust gas heat recuperation, which can provide steam in about 3 minutes after starting. These are complex and maintenance-intensive. They are not optimally designed for smaller quantities of steam, as typically required for steam cleaning, or for clocked operation in time with mass production.
  • a device for industrial steam jet cleaning of a workpiece comprises a cleaning container, a holding and conveying device which can hold the workpiece, rotate it and convey it into and out of the cleaning container, at least one steam nozzle which can be positioned relative to the workpiece in the cleaning container and a steam generator.
  • An electrode steam generator is preferred described, which should be operated with mineral-containing water of sufficient conductivity. Electrode steam generators usually contain a certain amount of water and are relatively sluggish in operation, ie they cannot be started up or switched off quickly. However, this is disadvantageous for the continuous cleaning of workpieces in a cycle of a few minutes or less, because no steam is required during the conveying or changing of the workpieces.
  • the steam generator must be kept at a temperature, which consumes energy unnecessarily. To some extent, this can be compensated for if the steam generator has a buffer volume and accumulates steam during the delivery cycles. However, this requires a voluminous and complex design.
  • Advanced cleaning methods use either saturated steam or dry steam, depending on the type of contamination to be removed during cleaning.
  • Both continuous water tube boilers and electrode steam generators must be specially designed for cleaning with dry steam. They usually have to contain a certain amount of water and are typically equipped with an additional superheater. This is also complex and in turn requires additional energy expenditure and installation space.
  • Dry steam is steam here with a temperature above the boiling temperature, which, however, was only slightly overheated compared to saturated steam.
  • supercritical steam is also conceptually encompassed by dry steam, but is usually not required for cleaning purposes for industrial purposes and makes little sense in terms of energy.
  • US 8,132,545 B2 describes a steam generator with a jacket with a heatable, cylindrical inner surface and a heating device for heating the inner surface.
  • a spray nozzle which is connected to a pressure pump, sprays water onto the heated inner surface.
  • This steam generator is designed for internal pressure of over 10 bar and temperatures over 150 ° C.
  • FIG. 4 is an additional one Heating element provided as an auxiliary heating unit in the interior of the jacket in order to supply the interior steam with additional heat.
  • Such a steam generator is more energy efficient thanks to the injection of water droplets and, in principle, also allows the production of dry steam using the auxiliary heating unit.
  • a basic objective is to create a device and a method for the industrial cleaning of workpieces that adapt better to the timing of production and the cleaning task and / or offer a particularly compact design.
  • the energy consumption for steam generation is to be reduced in comparison to known steam generators.
  • a first object of the invention is therefore to provide a suitable steam generator which is improved compared to the prior art. This should in particular be suitable for use in the device according to the invention for cleaning workpieces, require little installation space and have the lowest possible energy consumption.
  • This design allows only the amount of water that is specifically required for the steam cleaning process to be injected and evaporated in a controllable manner - without affecting the quality of the cleaning. This allows considerable energy and water savings, as there is no unnecessary steam generation. Because among other things Water buffer volume is completely eliminated, there is a significant reduction in the space required. The correspondingly metered addition of water enables faster or less sluggish steam generation, which in turn opens up better integration into modern, highly flexible production systems.
  • the steam generator of the device according to the invention therefore does not contain any stock of liquid water, but only a heated inner surface on which water sprayed on in small quantities evaporates in a short time. This enables rapid switching on or off in time with the production line.
  • the steam generator is also extremely compact.
  • a preferably cylindrical shape of the heatable core and possibly also of the container enables space-saving incorporation into the cleaning device, in the form of one or more “steam cartridges”.
  • the steam generator according to the invention is distinguished by the fact that upstream of the steam outlet inside the steam generator container and at least partially inside the core there is a further additional heating device which can be flowed through for the purpose of reheating generated steam.
  • the steam generator can generate both dry steam and saturated steam by optionally switching the additional heating device on or off.
  • the additional heating device can be flowed through by the steam before it leaves the steam generator.
  • the saturated steam generated can be superheated to dry steam.
  • the steam generator according to the invention is suitable for the production of dry steam. If necessary, it can provide both saturated steam and dry steam with little additional effort.
  • the additional heating device for reheating is advantageously arranged in the axis of the cylindrical container at the steam outlet.
  • the additional heating device has a heatable body with a secondary cavity, through which steam generated in an upstream primary cavity of the core is reheated in order to heat it to dry steam.
  • the secondary cavity is connected on the inlet side to the primary cavity of the core via a passage opening and on the outlet side to the steam outlet.
  • the passage opening can be arranged radially or axially with respect to a main axis of the core.
  • the passage opening comprises or forms a cross-sectional constriction which brings about a pressure difference, in particular with a lower pressure in the secondary cavity of the additional heating device than in the primary cavity in the interior of the core. This avoids the outflow of water mist in the liquid phase and, thanks to the lower pressure in the reheater, also reduces the energy required for reheating to dry steam.
  • the cross-sectional constriction can take place in any construction suitable for a pressure drop, e.g. as throttle, orifice, bore, nozzle, etc.
  • the primary heating device has a controllable electric heating element and the additional heating device has at least one separately controllable electric heating element. This allows further energy savings and, if necessary, both saturated steam and dry steam generation, e.g. with deactivation of the reheating.
  • a metering valve can be provided on each steam generator for selective metering in order to meter the steam generator or to operate it, for example, in a pulsed manner. So everyone can Steam generators are operated individually, which allows the steam generation output to be adjusted in stages or, due to redundancy, also permits maintenance during operation. Several identical steam generators can be operated in parallel as batteries.
  • the steam generator container is substantially cylindrical with an inner core with a cavity, e.g. a hollow cylinder as a heatable jacket, which is closed pressure-tight at the end.
  • thermal insulation is preferably provided between the inner core and an outer jacket of the steam generator container.
  • the water inflow and steam outlet are advantageously arranged on opposite end faces of the cylindrical steam generator, particularly preferably in the axis of the cylinder. This promotes, among other things, a compact integration of the steam generator into the device according to the invention.
  • the spray nozzle can have a spray characteristic that is coaxial to the cylinder axis of the core or jacket.
  • the steam generator container is preferably oriented vertically in the installed position with its cylinder axis.
  • the spray characteristic can e.g. be a hollow cone spray characteristic to distribute the injected water droplets as large as possible on the inner surface.
  • a vertical alignment ensures that liquid that has not yet evaporated runs down the inner surface, which supports complete evaporation.
  • mist nozzle also called an atomizing nozzle or a nebulizing nozzle
  • mist nozzles atomize the water into very fine drops with a large specific surface.
  • the spray characteristics of such nozzles are of minor importance because e.g. the mist can be distributed by convection in the primary cavity of the core.
  • the further heating device is preferably arranged symmetrically with respect to or in the axis of the cylindrical steam generator container.
  • the heating device for reheating is preferably provided at the steam outlet, and in particular opens directly into the steam outlet.
  • the additional heating device is accommodated axially in the inner cavity of the core, at least for the most part of its overall length.
  • the heatable body of the auxiliary heating device is completely in the inner cavity of the Kerns added. This allows further energy savings, since the body is arranged in the already heated core and heat losses from reheating are minimized.
  • the system preferably comprises a pump arranged upstream of the water inflow, which acts on the spray nozzle with a feed water pressure suitable for injection.
  • the feed water pressure can preferably be in the range from 1 to 10 bar (atm), in particular in the range from 2 to 9 bar (atm).
  • the feed pressure of the spray nozzle should exceed the operating pressure desired in the primary cavity of the core when generating steam, this can e.g. are between 3-6bar (atm), e.g. at about 4bar.
  • the device or system according to the invention advantageously comprises a control unit which controls at least the relative movement between the workpiece and the steam nozzle and the operation of the steam generator, in particular the steam nozzle or the metering valve for the steam nozzle, in a coordinated manner.
  • a control unit which controls at least the relative movement between the workpiece and the steam nozzle and the operation of the steam generator, in particular the steam nozzle or the metering valve for the steam nozzle, in a coordinated manner.
  • the control unit may also preferably supply electrical energy to heating elements of the primary heater, e.g. in the heating conductor on the outside of the container of the steam generator, control so that it is matched to the amount of water fed into the steam generator and / or the amount of steam emitted.
  • the device is also advantageously equipped such that the steam generator can emit steam in pulses. For example, this can be done by switching the water inlet and / or a valve on the steam outlet on and off.
  • a change in the steam flow from about 0 to a maximum value means within 0.1-10 seconds.
  • a controlled metering valve is preferably provided in the supply line immediately upstream of the steam nozzle (s) for pulsed or pulsed steam delivery.
  • a spray nozzle with a hollow cone characteristic and / or with a nozzle geometry proves to be particularly preferred, which ensures a volume flow of ⁇ 0.2 l / min, preferably ⁇ 0.15 l / min at nozzle inlet pressure ⁇ 10 bar, in order to further optimize water and energy consumption. If larger amounts of steam are required, a corresponding number of identical steam generators can be used.
  • the system according to the invention therefore comprises several identical steam generators of the type described above.
  • the steam generators can be used modularly as "steam cartridges" and e.g. be incorporated into the device according to the invention in groups in the form of one or more batteries, each with, for example, 2, 3, 4 or 6 identical steam cartridges.
  • the individual steam generators can be made smaller. This means that they are sufficiently pressure-resistant even with a low material thickness and can therefore be manufactured more cost-effectively. They are also easier to incorporate into a compact cleaning device because their geometric arrangement can be adapted to the given conditions. By individually controlling the individual steam generators or individual batteries, the device can also be flexibly adjusted to changing steam requirements during cleaning. Finally, cleaning devices of different sizes can be equipped with an economically producible, uniform embodiment of the steam generator if this is provided in different numbers depending on the size of the device.
  • Water inflow and / or steam outlet can be carried out and controlled jointly for one battery or for all steam generators.
  • an electrically or pneumatically controllable supply check valve upstream of the water inlet and an electrically or pneumatically controllable outlet check valve downstream of the steam outlet can be provided.
  • individually controllable (metering) valves for each steam generator in particular be provided for the water inflow.
  • the control unit can in particular control the feed check valve, the metering valves and / or the outlet check valve in a coordinated manner for metering the steam generation.
  • the cleaning chamber can be designed as a closable cleaning container.
  • the handling device can be a workpiece-specific holding and conveying device, which can hold the workpiece, convey it into and out of the cleaning container, and can move relative to the steam nozzle.
  • an industrial robot that can be used universally for different workpieces, for example an articulated arm robot, can be provided for this purpose.
  • the handling device can preferably have a pressure-tight closure of the cleaning container.
  • an industrial robot with at least four degrees of freedom can be provided in the cleaning chamber, on which the steam nozzle is arranged in order to move it relative to the workpiece.
  • the workpiece can be held stationary during cleaning or can be positioned by a second handling device.
  • a steam generator is proposed which is particularly but not exclusively suitable for a device or system according to one of the preceding exemplary embodiments, i.e. is intended for use in any type of cleaning device.
  • the steam generator according to the invention comprises an externally heatable core, e.g. a hollow cylinder which is closed in a pressure-tight manner or is arranged in a pressure-tight steam generator container, a spray or spray nozzle which is arranged in the interior of the core or hollow cylinder and is connected to a water inflow which is preferably guided through an end face, and a steam outlet.
  • the spray or spray nozzle is directed onto the heatable inner surface of the core, so that water can be sprayed in a metered manner onto this inner surface.
  • the steam outlet is advantageously arranged on the end face of the core or hollow cylinder opposite the water inflow, preferably in the axis of the core or hollow cylinder.
  • the steam generator can have the features already explained above as preferred.
  • a further heating device in particular axially on the inner surface of the end face opposite the water inflow, is attached in such a way that it can be used for reheating e.g. hollow cylindrical core generated steam is flowed through before it reaches the steam outlet.
  • the pressure-tight core or hollow cylinder can be heated in any known manner, for example by means of a fluid heat transfer medium which is guided through a corresponding jacket with supply and discharge lines.
  • An electric heater is expedient and preferred, for example in the form of a resistance wire or heating conductor.
  • This resistance wire or heating conductor can lie in a suitable form, for example as a spiral winding with electrical insulation, on the outer circumferential surface of the core in a heat-conducting manner.
  • the electrical heater can be designed in such a way that the heat output it emits can be influenced by a control unit.
  • the primary heating device, and preferably also the further secondary heating device can each have at least one separately controllable electrical heating element.
  • the primary heating device preferably comprises one or more heating conductors which are attached to the outside of the core in a heat-conducting manner, circumferentially and axially distributed.
  • the auxiliary heater can e.g. comprise several heating cartridges distributed around the axis or a circumferential heating conductor.
  • a single spray nozzle can be arranged in the axis of the core.
  • the spray jet is rotationally symmetrical on the inside of the heatable Core directed and the entire inner surface of the core downstream of the point of impact of the spray jet is available for heat transfer.
  • several spray nozzles can also be distributed rotationally symmetrically around the cylinder axis in order to obtain the smallest possible droplet size even with larger volume flows.
  • the steam generator according to the invention comprises means for controlling the water inflow and the steam flow, for example valves.
  • valves are expediently adjustable by electrical signals, for example from a control unit.
  • the core of the steam generator according to the invention is expediently made of a heat-conducting and corrosion-resistant material, for example stainless steel.
  • the electrical heating of the core is expediently thermally insulated from the outside in such a way that no uneconomical heat losses occur.
  • insulation materials can be used for this purpose, such as glass wool, inorganic porous materials, elastic and plastic, possibly curing thermally stable polymer foams.
  • a suitable material is, for example, Conti Thermo Protect® (ContiTech AG, Hanover).
  • a thermal insulation is also supported by an internally mirrored jacket arranged above the heating conductor and possibly insulated from the heating conductor by an air gap.
  • thermally reflective inner jacket e.g. provided with mirroring for reflection of heat radiation.
  • the invention also includes a method for cleaning workpieces with a steam jet, which is carried out by means of a steam generator as described above.
  • This method can include feeding, the relative movement of the workpiece and the at least one steam nozzle, switching on the steam jet, possibly controlling the steam jet in accordance with the positioning of the workpiece relative to the steam nozzle, and removing the workpiece from the cleaning chamber.
  • the steam generation using the steam generator according to the invention and the workpiece conveying and / or relative movement to the steam nozzle (s) are preferably controlled in a coordinated manner.
  • the steam jet can advantageously be generated in a pulsed manner only during the duration of the cleaning process and during the conveyance the workpiece into and out of the cleaning container and switched off when the device is at a standstill. This already results in a considerable further saving in energy.
  • the steam generator according to the invention is particularly suitable for such clocked operating modes due to the metered supply of water and low mass ratios.
  • the heating power supplied to the steam generator is advantageously switched in time in accordance with the steam flow supplied to the steam nozzle in the cleaning device. In addition to the obvious energy savings, this also means that cleaning and uniform conditions take place and thus lead to better results.
  • the workpiece can be positioned or moved differently from the steam nozzle (s) and by changing the heating output and / or changing the position of a valve at the steam outlet depending on the properties of the point just treated on the workpiece, such as the degree of contamination or surface shape. adjust the cleaning effect.
  • a control device that may be present can be set accordingly on the basis of the observed cleaning result.
  • the field of application of the device according to the invention is particularly in the cleaning of workpieces during manufacture, preferably before further processing after machining.
  • the device can be easily integrated into production lines with a predetermined cycle.
  • the invention is suitable for use in mechanical engineering, especially for automotive components, particularly preferably in the production of drive and transmission components for automobiles and other motor vehicles.
  • the system and the method are also advantageous for steam cleaning of body parts.
  • the steam generator according to the invention can achieve an efficiency> 95%.
  • Other advantages of the invention are a reduced space and footprint compared to conventional systems, good cleaning results even with different components, because the positioning of the steam nozzles to the workpiece and the application of steam can be quickly and flexibly adapted to the workpiece, and finally a significantly reduced Power consumption. Comparative tests with a conventional steam generator showed a saving in electrical power consumption of at least 25%.
  • a steam generator 1 is shown horizontally in longitudinal section, but in practice a vertical arrangement of the hollow cylinder axis is preferred.
  • the inside of the steam generator 1 comprises a hollow cylindrical jacket, which essentially consists of a special core 2, a first end face 3 and a second end face 4 opposite the first.
  • the end faces 3, 4 are designed like a flange and close the core 2 in a pressure-tight manner.
  • a water inflow 5 which feeds a hollow cone spray nozzle 6, the terms injection nozzle, spray nozzle and spray nozzle being synonymous here.
  • water is sprayed into a hollow cone-shaped spray jet 7 which strikes the inner surface of the core 2.
  • the feed water pressure is preferably in the range of approximately 2 to 9 bar (atm).
  • Nozzle geometry, in particular jet angle and nozzle cross-section of the injection nozzle 6 are selected so that a low water consumption, for example of ⁇ 0.15 l / min, can be achieved.
  • Receiving grooves for the heating conductors 8 are preferably provided on the outside of the core 2 ( FIG.1B ).
  • a further heating device 10 is arranged in the axis of the core 2, for example a heated hollow cylinder with approximately 4 to 8 heating cartridges 10B distributed coaxially around its axis, in each case, for example, with 500W electrical power.
  • the output of the heating cartridges 10B of the additional heating device 10 is controlled separately from the primary heating device with the heating conductors 8 and is supplied with energy by electrical connections (not shown here).
  • the additional heating device 10 also allows dry steam (superheated steam) to be optionally generated.
  • the heating device 10 has a body 10A with an axial bore 11, which is connected to the steam outlet 9 on the second end face 4.
  • the saturated steam 13 generated on the heated core 2 can flow through one or more passage openings 12 into the bore 11 in the body 10A of the further heating device 10 and from there to the steam outlet 9, from where the steam via a valve to one or more steam nozzles ( FIG. 3 ) is passed into a cleaning chamber. If energy is supplied to the heating device 10, then the saturated steam 13 is heated further in the sense of reheating and leaves the steam outlet 9 as dry steam 14.
  • the heating cartridges 10B of the heating device 10 can optionally be individually controlled in order to be able to set the steam parameters precisely.
  • the heating cartridges 10B can e.g. are each provided in a corresponding axial bore open to the front side 4 distributed around the bore 11 in the body 10A and are thermally connected to the body 10A, e.g. by the heating cartridges 10B being non-positively attached in the body 10A.
  • FIG.1B illustrates the preferred compact, axially nested design of the steam generator 1 FIG.1A , in the form of a steam cartridge.
  • FIG.1B designates identical components with the same reference numerals as FIG.1A .
  • the jacket-like core 2 is a specially manufactured, one-piece shaped piece made of stainless steel with a cylindrical inner surface ( FIG.1A ) and end flanges for the pressure-tight connection with flange elements of the end faces 3, 4. On the outside spirally encircling grooves for eg ribbon-like heating conductor 8 are introduced.
  • the core 2 is about how FIG.1A-1B show similar to a hollow cylinder with a cylindrical inner surface 2A and should have the lowest possible mass.
  • the end faces 3, 4 have a flange-like structure made of individual parts which seal on the end flanges of the core 2, thermally insulate them and at the same time connect the inner jacket 16 and the outer jacket 18 coaxially and firmly to the core 2.
  • the additional heating device 10 is accommodated coaxially in the interior of the core 2 ( FIG.1A ) and leaves a cylindrical, circumferential space for this in order to obtain a maximum evaporation surface on the inner surface of the core 2.
  • the overall length and diameter of the core 2 are matched to the geometry, in particular the spray cone angle, of the injection nozzle 6. In the FIG.1A-1B
  • the illustrated cartridge-like design simplifies maintenance, such as the replacement of the injector 6.
  • the mirror coating on the inner jacket 16 reduces losses due to heat radiation.
  • a jacket-shaped circumferential air gap 17 is provided as additional insulation.
  • a vacuum or negative pressure according to the principle of the Dewar flask can be provided here with corresponding additional expenditure, but this complicates construction and maintenance.
  • FIG.1C A preferred development of a steam generator 1 'based on the principle FIG.1A-1B is in FIG.1C shown in cross section.
  • the steam generator 1 ′ differs primarily in that a passage opening 12, here exactly one, is provided coaxially in the body 10A of the reheater 10, namely on the side of the spray nozzle 6.
  • the passage opening 12 leads from the primary cavity 2B into the secondary cavity 11 , for example a hole in the body 10A.
  • This passage opening 12 also causes a pressure difference, with a lower pressure in the secondary cavity 11, for example 3.5 bar, compared to the operating pressure in the primary cavity 2B of the core 2, e.g. approx. 4 bar.
  • the narrowing of the cross section of the passage opening 12 avoids an outflow of non-evaporated water mist.
  • dry steam 14 can also be provided with a lower energy input.
  • a nozzle 12A or another component such as a throttle, orifice or the like can be provided on or as the axial passage opening 12 to generate a predetermined pressure reduction, for example in an axial threaded bore on the end face of the body 10A.
  • FIG.1C one of two retaining rings 16A made of little heat-conducting material, with which the mirror-coated inner jacket 16 is held at the end face in point contact at a distance from the inner surface 2A of the core 2.
  • Each retaining ring can, for example, be screwed onto the end of the core 2.
  • an external insulation 15A is provided for thermal insulation, with which the outer jacket 18 is surrounded.
  • FIG.1C agree with FIG.1A-1B agree, for example the hollow cylindrical inner surface 2A of the core 2 and the circular cylindrical shape of the inner shell 16 and outer shell 18.
  • FIG.1C also the extensive, symmetrical distribution of the heating cartridges 10B, here for example six pieces, in the body 10A and the design of the body 10A as a rotating body in cross section, with outer recesses for increasing the heat transfer effective to the outside to the primary cavity 2B and reducing the mass of the body 10A .
  • the outside of the body 10A can taper towards the nozzle 6 and is in any case at a distance from the inner surface 2A of the core 2.
  • the complete, here coaxial, reception of the reheater 10 in the inner cavity 2B of the core 2 further reduces the energy requirement.
  • the primary cavity 2B can form a certain steam buffer, so that dry steam 14 is generated if necessary when there is a decrease at the steam outlet 9.
  • the replaceable heating cartridges 10B can be inserted or pressed in as an "opening" heating elements with a C-shaped cross section in the axial bore from the end face 4 in order to lie firmly and flat on the body 10A, as in FIG.1C indicated schematically.
  • FIG. 2 shows a steam generator battery 20, with two or four steam cartridges or steam generators 1, for example, each with approx. 4-6kW heating power, in the construction FIG.1A-1B .
  • the modular steam generator battery 20 after FIG. 2 can generate approx. 18-20 kg / h wet steam at a nominal operating pressure of approx. 2-4bar and, if necessary, be provided several times in parallel will. In pulse mode, steam can be emitted at a maximum pressure of> 10 bar.
  • the water inflows of the steam generator units 1 are connected via a common feed water distributor 22 to a pneumatically / electrically controllable metering / shut-off valve 23 for the metered supply of feed water.
  • the feed water distributor 22 ensures a uniform feed pressure at the spray nozzles 6 ( FIG. 1 ) of the two steam generators 1.
  • a vent 24 on the feed water distributor 22 prevents air from entering the spray nozzles 6 ( FIG. 1 ).
  • each steam outlet 9 (FIG. 9) is connected directly to a steam distributor 25.
  • the steam distributor 25 has on the one hand a controllable shut-off valve 26 for the controlled steam delivery to steam nozzles of a cleaning chamber of the cleaning device or system (cf. FIG. 3 ).
  • a pressure limiting or safety valve 27 on the steam distributor 25 protects the steam cartridges 1 against excess pressure.
  • the steam distributor 25 is connected to a valve 28 for the quick steam release (pressure release), for example for a controlled emergency shutdown (emergency stop).
  • FIG. 3 shows an overview diagram of the cleaning system 30 with at least one, preferably 2 to 4, steam generator batteries 20 in the construction according to FIG FIG. 2 .
  • a plurality of steam nozzles 32 are provided in the cleaning and / or treatment chamber 31, here, for example, on two opposite rotor-like support arms, which perform a rotary movement during the steam cleaning for the surface cleaning of the workpiece 49.
  • the steam nozzles 32 can be of a type known per se and are supplied by a steam feed line 33, which at the outlet of the steam generator battery (s) 20, more precisely at the steam distributor 25 ( FIG. 2 ) connected.
  • FIG. 3 also shows a feedback circuit of the cleaning system 30, with which cleaning liquid is recovered from the treatment chamber 31.
  • the steam vapors produced by vacuum are sucked out of the treatment chamber 31 via a first filter unit 41 by a vacuum pump 40 and then fed to a downstream second filter and separator stage 42, which has an oil separator 43.
  • the outlet of the filter unit 41 opens into the oil separator 43.
  • the vacuum pump 40 is connected to a condensation unit 44, the return of which also opens into the oil separator 43.
  • the steam generator battery 20 with the individual steam generators 1 via the feed water distributor (s) 22 via a water pump 36 in a feed line 37.
  • the water pump 36 generates the desired feed water pressure for the individual steam generators 1, for example approx. 8 bar (atm).
  • the steam generators 1 deliver a desired steam pressure to the steam nozzles 32, for example in the range from 2 to 6 bar (atm).
  • Operation of the cleaning chamber 31 at negative pressure is purely optional.
  • the condensed wastewater possibly with steam plumes
  • Residual heat of the recovered cleaning liquid can also be used for additional energy savings.
  • Fresh water is only supplied as needed due to the losses, inter alia in the second filter and separator stage 42.
  • the recovery is particularly advantageous if distilled or demineralized water is used to generate steam in order to ensure a long operating period of the steam generator 1, in particular the hollow cone spray nozzles 6.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates purely by way of example and schematically an automatic handling device 48 for the workpiece 49 that can be moved automatically into and out of the treatment chamber 31 on two axes H, V.
  • the handling device 48 moves the workpiece 49 relative to the steam nozzles 32 in the treatment chamber 31.
  • the handling device 48 also has a pressure-tight closure which closes the opening of the treatment chamber 31 in the working position in a pressure-tight manner.
  • one or more steam nozzles 32 can be arranged in the treatment chamber 31 on an automatic handling device and can be optionally positioned and / or moved relative to the workpiece.
  • an automatic handling device can be optionally positioned and / or moved relative to the workpiece.
  • a 6-axis industrial articulated arm robot can be used for this (cf. FIG. 1 in WO 2011/124 868 A1 ).
  • FIG. 3rd illustrates a fully automatic system controller 50, which controls the operation of the steam generator battery (s) 20 to match the operation of the cleaning chamber 31, for example, cycle operation of the automatic handling device 48.
  • the system controller 50 can also control the feed water pump 36 and / or regulate it in an energy-optimized manner, for example through speed control.
  • the control and measurement lines of the system controller 50 are implemented using technology known per se and are indicated here schematically by dashed lines.
  • the system controller 50 can advantageously also adjust actuators and sensors of the feedback circuit, such as the control valves, vacuum pump 41 and condensation unit 44, to the operation of the cleaning chamber 31 and the steam generator 20 and / or, if necessary, control them in order to realize further energy savings.
  • Each steam generator battery 20 can, if necessary, be controlled individually by the system controller 50 in accordance with the cyclical operation of the working chamber 31 and / or the requirements of the cleaning process of the steam nozzles 32. It may be possible to individually control each steam generator 1 in a steam generator battery 20 by means of separate metering valves (not shown) in order to be able to adjust the steam output even more precisely.
  • a particularly simple solution for the clocked delivery of steam, in particular dry steam 14, from the steam generator batteries 20 can be provided by a suitable control valve (not shown) in the steam feed line 33, which is controlled as required by the system controller 50.
  • the control valve is preferably arranged close to the steam nozzles 32 with a short residual line.
  • the system controller 50 controls the water supply via the feed valve 23 and also the heating power of each steam generator 1 via the primary and secondary heating devices 8, 10A, if necessary, in accordance with the automated cleaning.
  • FIG. 4th shows a steam generator battery 20 with measuring and control elements preferably provided therein for process control or regulation by the system control 50 and, for example, four identical steam generators 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D according to FIG FIG.1A-B respectively.
  • FIG.1C Functionally identical parts FIG. 1-3 have in FIG. 4 same reference numerals.
  • a primary temperature sensor 61 (not in FIG.1A-1C ) provided to control or regulate the output of the primary heating device 8 as an actuator, for example to a target temperature up to 600 ° C.
  • a secondary temperature sensor 62 (not shown in FIG FIG.1A-1C ) provided on the body 10A.
  • the temperature sensors 61, 62 are connected to the system controller 50 as measuring elements.
  • the system controller 50 is also equipped with a pressure sensor 63 connected to the feed water distributor 22.
  • suitable actuators e.g. the control of the feed pump (cf. FIG.
  • the feed pressure can be set or regulated, either by the system control or, if appropriate, as a fixed default, to a feed pressure, for example up to 8 bar. If steam is not required, the system controller 50 switches off the water supply via the controllable feed valve 23.
  • Another pressure sensor 65 is provided as a measuring element on the steam distributor 25 and measures the steam pressure emitted at the steam outlet 9, inter alia for controlled relief into the cleaning chamber via the safety valve 28 which can be controlled by the system controller 50 (output "RZ1-2").
  • the system controller also controls the controllable discharge valve 26 in the steam feed line to the steam nozzle (s), which preferably serves as a pure shut-off valve.
  • a temperature sensor 66 is provided on the steam distributor 25 or the steam feed line 33 and is connected to the system controller 50.
  • the measurement at the pressure sensor 65 and at the temperature sensor 66 can be included, for example, in the control or regulation of the reheating and / or the controlled steam delivery via a control valve (not shown) near the steam nozzles or the delivery valve 26.
  • a pressure regulating valve can be provided in the steam feed line 33 (between the outlet “RZ1” and the cleaning chamber), which is preset to a desired target steam pressure or is actively set by the system controller 50 as required or the steam pressure required for steam cleaning

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Cleaning By Liquid Or Steam (AREA)

Claims (16)

  1. Générateur de vapeur (1) pour le nettoyage industriel à la vapeur, en particulier destiné à produire de la vapeur sèche pour un système de nettoyage automatisé (30) pour le nettoyage de pièces au moyen d'un jet de vapeur, comprenant
    - un récipient de générateur de vapeur avec une entrée d'eau (5) et une sortie de vapeur (9);
    - un noyau chauffant (2) en matériau thermiquement conducteur disposé dans le récipient du générateur de vapeur et ayant une cavité primaire interne et une surface interne (2A);
    - un dispositif de chauffage primaire (8) pour chauffer le noyau (2);
    - une buse de pulvérisation (6) reliée à l'entrée d'eau (5) et disposée pour pulvériser de l'eau de manière dosée sur la surface intérieure (2A) du noyau (2); et
    - un dispositif de chauffage supplémentaire (10) prévu dans le récipient du générateur de vapeur en amont de la sortie de vapeur (9) et au moins partiellement à l'intérieur du noyau (2) ;
    CARACTÉRISÉ EN CE QUE
    - le dispositif de chauffage supplémentaire (10) comprend un corps chauffable (10A) ayant une cavité secondaire (11) à travers laquelle la vapeur (13) générée en amont dans la cavité primaire du noyau (2) peut s'écouler pour être surchauffée en vapeur sèche (14) et qui est reliée du côté entrée par une ouverture de passage (12) à la cavité primaire du noyau (2) et du côté sortie à la sortie de vapeur (9).
  2. Générateur de vapeur (1) selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'ouverture de passage (12) présente ou forme un rétrécissement de section transversale qui produit une différence de pression, en particulier avec une pression plus faible dans la cavité secondaire (11) du dispositif de chauffage supplémentaire (10) que dans la cavité primaire à l'intérieur du noyau (2).
  3. Générateur de vapeur (1) selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que l'ouverture de passage (12) est prévue radialement ou axialement par rapport à un axe longitudinal du noyau (2).
  4. Générateur de vapeur (1) selon la revendication 1, 2 ou 3, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif de chauffage primaire comprend un élément chauffant électrique (8) pouvant être commandé et en ce que le dispositif de chauffage supplémentaire (10) comprend au moins un élément chauffant électrique (10B) pouvant être commandé séparément.
  5. Générateur de vapeur (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif de chauffage supplémentaire (10) est logé au moins sur une grande partie de sa longueur totale ou complètement avec le corps chauffant (10A) axialement à l'intérieur du noyau (2) et la cavité secondaire (11) du corps débouche de préférence directement dans la sortie de vapeur (9).
  6. Générateur de vapeur (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que la buse de pulvérisation (6) est disposée axialement par rapport au noyau cylindrique creux (2) et/ou est dirigée vers la surface intérieure cylindrique (2A) du noyau (2), la buse de pulvérisation (6) étant de préférence conçue avec une caractéristique de buse à cône creux, la buse de pulvérisation (6) étant de préférence conçue avec une caractéristique de buse à cône creux et/ou avec une géométrie de buse qui assure un débit volumique de <0,2 l/min, de préférence de <0,15 l/min pour une pression d'entrée de buse de ≤ 10 bar.
  7. Générateur de vapeur (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'entrée d'eau (5) est disposée sur une face frontale (3) et la sortie de vapeur (9) est disposée sur l'autre face frontale (4), le dispositif de chauffage supplémentaire (10) étant monté sur la face frontale (4) opposée à l'entrée d'eau (5) et coaxialement dans le noyau (2), qui est de préférence creux et cylindrique, le dispositif de chauffage supplémentaire (10) étant de préférence entièrement logé à l'intérieur du noyau (2).
  8. Générateur de vapeur (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le noyau (2) est réalisé sous forme d'un cylindre creux avec une surface intérieure cylindrique (2A) et/ou le récipient du générateur de vapeur est réalisé sous forme essentiellement cylindrique avec un noyau intérieur (2), qui est fermé de manière étanche à la pression sur les faces frontales (3, 4), une isolation thermique (15) étant prévue entre le noyau intérieur et une enveloppe extérieure (18) du récipient du générateur de vapeur.
  9. Générateur de vapeur (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, en particulier selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que le récipient du générateur de vapeur présente une enveloppe intérieure (16) thermiquement réfléchissante entre l'isolation thermique (15) et le noyau (2).
  10. Un générateur de vapeur selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que
    - le noyau (2) est conçu sous la forme d'une enveloppe ou d'un cylindre creux, en particulier fabriquée à partir d'une pièce moulée en acier inoxydable, d'une seule pièce avec une surface intérieure cylindrique (2A) et des brides de raccordement frontales, pour assurer une fermeture étanche à la pression des faces frontales (3; 4); et/ou
    - une ou plusieurs ouvertures de passage (12) sont prévues dans le corps chauffant (10A); et/ou
    - l'entrée d'eau (5) et la sortie de vapeur (9) sont prévues de manière coaxiale sur les faces frontales opposées (3, 4) du récipient du générateur de vapeur, en particulier du noyau (2); et/ou
    - la buse de pulvérisation (6) présente une caractéristique de pulvérisation alignée coaxialement avec l'axe du noyau (2); et/ou
    - le récipient du générateur de vapeur est de préférence orienté avec son axe de cylindre verticalement en position de fonctionnement; et/ou
    - le dispositif de chauffage supplémentaire (10) est disposé sur l'axe du récipient cylindrique du générateur de vapeur à la sortie de la vapeur (9).
  11. Un système de nettoyage industriel (30) pour le nettoyage de pièces au moyen d'un jet de vapeur, comprenant:
    une chambre de nettoyage (31) avec au moins une buse à vapeur (32) dans la chambre de nettoyage,
    un dispositif de manipulation (48) capable de positionner l'une par rapport à l'autre une pièce et au moins une buse à vapeur; CARACTERISE PAR
    au moins un générateur de vapeur (1) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 10, qui alimente en vapeur la buse de vapeur.
  12. Système de nettoyage selon la revendication 11, caractérisé en ce que
    - une vanne de dosage est prévue entre la sortie de vapeur (9) du générateur de vapeur (1) et la ou les buses de vapeur afin d'évacuer la vapeur sous forme dosée et/ou pulsée; et/ou
    - en amont de l'entrée d'eau, une pompe (36) est disposée, qui applique à la buse de pulvérisation (6) une pression d'alimentation en eau adaptée à l'injection.
  13. Système de nettoyage selon la revendication 11 ou 12, caractérisé en ce que le système comprend une unité de commande (50) qui commande au moins le mouvement relatif entre la pièce (49) et la buse de vapeur (32) et le fonctionnement du au moins un générateur de vapeur (1) de manière coordonnée, et que de préférence une vanne d'arrêt d'alimentation (23) contrôlable est prévue en amont de l'entrée d'eau (5) et une vanne d'arrêt de sortie (26) contrôlable est prévue en aval de la sortie de vapeur, l'unité de commande (50) commandant en particulier la vanne d'arrêt d'alimentation (23) et la vanne d'arrêt de sortie (26) de manière coordonnée.
  14. Système de nettoyage selon l'une des revendications 11 à 13, caractérisé en ce que
    - la chambre de nettoyage (31) est conçue comme un récipient de nettoyage pouvant être fermé et le dispositif de manipulation (48) est un dispositif de maintien et de transport qui est capable de maintenir la pièce (49), de la transporter dans et hors du récipient de nettoyage (31) et de déplacer la pièce (49) par rapport à la buse de vapeur (32), le dispositif de manipulation présentant de préférence une fermeture pour le récipient de nettoyage; et/ou
    - un robot industriel avec au moins quatre degrés de liberté est prévu dans la chambre de nettoyage (31), sur laquelle est disposée la buse à vapeur (32) afin de la déplacer par rapport à la pièce.
  15. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 14, caractérisé en ce que plusieurs générateurs de vapeur identiques (1) selon la revendication 1 sont prévus dans un agencement en batterie (20), qui présente de préférence un distributeur d'eau commun (22) pour alimenter les différentes entrées d'eau (5) et un distributeur de vapeur commun (25), alimenté par les différentes sorties de vapeur (9), pour émettre la vapeur.
  16. Utilisation d'un générateur de vapeur (1) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 10 dans une installation de nettoyage industriel (30) pour le nettoyage de pièces, en particulier de pièces usinées pour véhicules automobiles, en particulier de pièces pour la chaîne cinématique d'un véhicule automobile.
EP18796453.1A 2017-11-02 2018-11-02 Générateur de vapeur pour le nettoyage vapeur de pièces Active EP3548805B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE102017125666.0A DE102017125666A1 (de) 2017-11-02 2017-11-02 Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Reinigen von Werkstücken mittels eines Dampfstrahls und Dampferzeuger hierfür
PCT/EP2018/080070 WO2019086641A1 (fr) 2017-11-02 2018-11-02 Générateur de vapeur et installation pour le nettoyage vapeur de pièces

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EP3548805B1 true EP3548805B1 (fr) 2020-06-03

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EP (1) EP3548805B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN111344519B (fr)
DE (1) DE102017125666A1 (fr)
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WO (1) WO2019086641A1 (fr)

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EP3942935A1 (fr) * 2020-07-24 2022-01-26 Eika, S.Coop Système de production de vapeur pour appareil de cuisson à la vapeur
CN112934821A (zh) * 2021-03-24 2021-06-11 江苏纽唯盛机电有限公司 一种蒸汽清洗机热锅
CN113751392B (zh) * 2021-09-02 2022-08-05 上海海事大学 一种工件清洗阶段可控雾化程度的热处理设备
DE102022206697A1 (de) * 2022-06-30 2024-01-04 Siemens Mobility GmbH Vakuum-Trenntoilette für ein Fahrzeug

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EP3548805A1 (fr) 2019-10-09
CN111344519B (zh) 2022-05-24
CN111344519A (zh) 2020-06-26
HUE052061T2 (hu) 2021-04-28
DE102017125666A1 (de) 2019-05-02
US11815261B2 (en) 2023-11-14
WO2019086641A1 (fr) 2019-05-09
US20200309362A1 (en) 2020-10-01

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