EP3546826A1 - Pompe à chaleur à vapeur et procédé de supplémentation d'enthalpie de vapeur à basse pression et d'utilisation de mise sous pression - Google Patents

Pompe à chaleur à vapeur et procédé de supplémentation d'enthalpie de vapeur à basse pression et d'utilisation de mise sous pression Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3546826A1
EP3546826A1 EP17878307.2A EP17878307A EP3546826A1 EP 3546826 A1 EP3546826 A1 EP 3546826A1 EP 17878307 A EP17878307 A EP 17878307A EP 3546826 A1 EP3546826 A1 EP 3546826A1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
vapor
section
inner cavity
tslb
tornado
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EP17878307.2A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3546826B1 (fr
EP3546826A4 (fr
Inventor
Sai Li
Hao FU
Chaoqing FU
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Sichuan University
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Sichuan University
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22G—SUPERHEATING OF STEAM
    • F22G1/00—Steam superheating characterised by heating method
    • F22G1/005—Steam superheating characterised by heating method the heat being supplied by steam
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K3/00—Plants characterised by the use of steam or heat accumulators, or intermediate steam heaters, therein
    • F01K3/18—Plants characterised by the use of steam or heat accumulators, or intermediate steam heaters, therein having heaters
    • F01K3/26—Plants characterised by the use of steam or heat accumulators, or intermediate steam heaters, therein having heaters with heating by steam
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04F—PUMPING OF FLUID BY DIRECT CONTACT OF ANOTHER FLUID OR BY USING INERTIA OF FLUID TO BE PUMPED; SIPHONS
    • F04F5/00—Jet pumps, i.e. devices in which flow is induced by pressure drop caused by velocity of another fluid flow
    • F04F5/14—Jet pumps, i.e. devices in which flow is induced by pressure drop caused by velocity of another fluid flow the inducing fluid being elastic fluid
    • F04F5/16—Jet pumps, i.e. devices in which flow is induced by pressure drop caused by velocity of another fluid flow the inducing fluid being elastic fluid displacing elastic fluids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04F—PUMPING OF FLUID BY DIRECT CONTACT OF ANOTHER FLUID OR BY USING INERTIA OF FLUID TO BE PUMPED; SIPHONS
    • F04F5/00—Jet pumps, i.e. devices in which flow is induced by pressure drop caused by velocity of another fluid flow
    • F04F5/42—Jet pumps, i.e. devices in which flow is induced by pressure drop caused by velocity of another fluid flow characterised by the input flow of inducing fluid medium being radial or tangential to output flow
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B1/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle
    • F25B1/06—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle with compressor of jet type, e.g. using liquid under pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B30/00—Heat pumps

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of vapor heat pumps (VHP), in particular to a vapor heat pump and a method for utilizing low pressure vapor through enthalpy supplement and pressure boost.
  • VHP vapor heat pumps
  • the temperature of the secondary vapor generated during evaporation is always lower than the liquid temperature due to the rising boiling point, which creates technical difficulties for the energy-saving utilization of the secondary vapor.
  • the multi-effect evaporator uses the latent heat of vaporization of externally supplied vapor for many times. However, whatever happens, the externally supplied vapor enters and flows out of the system in a steam state so that the enthalpy difference of the steam entering and leaving the system is very small. For example, after the saturated steam (1.0MPa(G), 185°C) enters the evaporation system for multi-effect evaporation, it will become 45° C secondary steam and then be discharged from the system, with the enthalpy difference less than 250kJ/kg and the heat utilization rate of the externally supplied vapor less than 9%. Not only that, a large amount of circulating water will be used to condense the secondary steam with the purpose of ensuring the vacuum degree during evaporation. The circulating water consumption as well as other energy consumption decreases the heat utilization rate of second law of thermodynamics.
  • MVR is an energy-saving technology aiming to reduce the demand for external energy by reusing the energy of the secondary steam. Its working process is to compress the steam (secondary steam) at low temperature through a compressor, increase the temperature,pressure and the enthalpy, and then condensate steam in an evaporator to make full use of the latent heat of steam.Except for start-up, the externally supplied steam is not used in the whole evaporation process, so as to fully utilize the secondary steam, recover latent heat and improve thermal efficiency, thus the economy is equal to 20-effect evaporation. However, one-time investment of MVR is greater than that of multi-effect evaporation, which is generally 1.5 times more than multi-effect evaporation.
  • the steam-jet heat pump requires expanding the externally supplied high-pressure Steam in Laval nozzle (nozzle jet) of the steam ejector to generate supersonic flow so that the pressure energy and phase change energy are converted into kinetic energy of jet flow, so as to drive and eject the secondary steam or low pressure steam, and realize their pressure boosted utilization.
  • the pressure of mixed steam is less than that of the externally supplied vapor.
  • the injection driving coefficient is generally less than 1 so that the secondary Steam or low pressure Steam has been rarely used due to very low utilization rate and very high energy consumption.
  • the technical solution to be provided by the invention is to provide a vapor heat pump (VHP) and a method for utilizing low pressure vapor through enthalpy supplement and pressure boost, so as to efficiently utilize the low pressure vapor.
  • VHP vapor heat pump
  • the invention provides a method for utilizing low pressure vapor through enthalpy supplement and pressure boost, comprising the following steps:
  • an artificial tornado method is used by reference to the formation theory of tornado in nature and its strong suction force, so as to generate tornado vortex in the low pressure vapor for superheating and then spraying-liquid boost pressure or superheating and spraying-liquid boost pressure.
  • the method comprises the following steps:
  • the material heater is an evaporator and the low pressure vapor is secondary vapor, comprising the following steps:
  • the method for utilizing low pressure vapor through enthalpy supplement and pressure boost is realized by a vapor heat pump, comprising a material heater and a superheat and spraying-liquid booster (SHSLB) with a low pressure vapor inlet and a saturated vapor outlet; the material heater has a saturated vapor inlet in connected with the saturated vapor outlet of the SHSLB; in step 1), the low pressure vapor flows into the SHSLB and is heated into the superheated vapor; and the superheated vapor shall be at a temperature higher than that of the high-level thermal energy saturated vapor at the target pressure; in step 2), the condensate is sprayed into the SHSLB to convert the superheated vapor into the pressure boosted and quantity increased saturated vapor, which is then fed into the material heater for heating the material to archive the utilization or cyclic utilization.
  • SHSLB superheat and spraying-liquid booster
  • the vapor heat pump used in the method for utilizing low pressure vapor through enthalpy supplement and pressure boost is one capable of a tornado vapor heat pump(TVHP), which comprises a material heater and a tornado superheat and spraying-liquid booster (TSHSLB), wherein the TSHSLB has a low pressure vapor inlet and a saturated vapor outlet; the material heater has a saturated vapor inlet connected with the saturated vapor outlet of the TSHSLB; in step 1), the low pressure vapor is fed into the TSHSLB and heated into the superheated vapor; and the superheated vapor shall be at a temperature higher than that of the high-level thermal energy saturated vapor at the target pressure; in step 2), when the material is heated by the saturated vapor in the material heater, the saturated vapor will be condensed and sharply shrink in volume to generate a strong suction force; a tornado is generated from the superheated vapor obtained in step 1) in the TSHSLB for enhancing the suction force; the condensate is
  • the SHSLB comprises a superheater (SH) and a spraying-liquid booster (SLB); wherein the SH has a low pressure vapor inlet and a superheated vapor outlet, and the SLB has a superheated vapor inlet and a saturated vapor outlet; the superheated vapor outlet of the SH is connected with the superheated vapor inlet of the SLB, and the saturated vapor outlet of the SLB is connected with the saturated vapor inlet of the material heater; in step 1), the low pressure vapor flows through SH and is heated into superheated vapor, and the superheated vapor shall be at a temperature higher than that of the high-level thermal energy saturated vapor at the target pressure; in step 2), the condensate is sprayed into the SLB to convert the superheated vapor into the pressure boosted and quantity increased saturated vapor, which is then fed into the material heater for heating the material to archive the utilization or cyclic utilization.
  • SH superheater
  • SLB spraying-liquid booster
  • the SH is a tornado superheater (TSH)
  • the SLB is a tornado spraying-liquid booster (TSLB)
  • a heater is arranged on the TSH; in step 1), the low pressure vapor is fed into the TSH to generate a tornado vortex; meanwhile, in the TSH low pressure vapor is heated into superheated vapor by the heater, and the superheated vapor shall be at a temperature higher than that of the high-level thermal energy saturated vapor at the target pressure; in step 2), when the material is heated by the saturated vapor in the material heater, the saturated vapor will be condensed to generate a strong suction force; the superheated vapor obtained in step 1) is sucked into the TSLB to generate a tornado vortex for enhancing the suction force; meanwhile, the condensate is sprayed through the nozzle assembly at the direction opposite to the rotating direction of the TSLB tornado vortex, the superheated vapor and the condensate are fully mixed to generate the pressure boosted and quantity increased saturated vapor
  • Low pressure vapor is the low-level thermal energy saturated vapor relative to the pressurized high-level thermal energy saturated vapor.
  • the material of the invention means evaporable solution or pure liquid, of which the solvent can be either water or organic solvent.
  • the method of the invention is based on the principle that saturated steam at different temperature has small enthalpy difference; for example, since the enthalpy difference of saturated steam at 100°C and 120°C is only 29kJ/kg, the secondary steam at 100°C can reach the saturated state at 120°C only through enthalpy supplement of 29kJ/kg and pressure increase.
  • the enthalpy supplement and pressure increase of steam can be performed in many ways such as mechanical vapor recompression (MVR). Steam is difficult to compress and will eventually be in a superheated state, of which more than 80% of the energy is consumed for increase temperature and less than 20% for increase pressure. Therefore, the energy consumption is high.
  • the method for utilizing low pressure vapor through enthalpy supplement and pressure boost in the invention is based on the one-to-one correspondence characteristic of temperature, pressure and enthalpy of saturated vapor; that is, given the enthalpy value, the vapor pressure and temperature can be determined.
  • the low pressure vapor or secondary vapor can be converted into superheated vapor through enthalpy supplement, but vapor cannot be pressurized.
  • Heat energy and pressure energy are both energy. Under certain conditions, heat energy can be converted into pressure energy such as spraying liquid boost pressure(SLBP), which is an excellent choice.
  • SLBP spraying liquid boost pressure
  • the saturated vapor will be condensed and sharply shrink in volume to generate a strong suction force.
  • the low pressure vapor can be converted into the pressure boosted and quantity increased saturated vapor, that is, the high-level thermal energy saturated vapor, so as to utilize the low pressure vapor.
  • an artificial tornado is generated from vapor in corresponding equipment according to an artificial tornado method, so as to enhance the condensation suction force of vapor and further improve the thermal efficiency and compression ratio.
  • the invention can effectively reduce the energy consumption and save the cost owing to small enthalpy difference between the low pressure vapor and pressurized saturated vapor, small enthalpy supplement required for superheated vapor, and high efficiency of spraying liquid boost pressure.
  • the invention further provides a vapor heat pump, which is not a separate equipment but a device system, comprising a material heater and a SHSLB, wherein the low pressure vapor is heated into superheated vapor in the SHSLB for spraying liquid boost pressure and converted into the pressure boosted and quantity increased saturated vapor; the material heater has a saturated vapor inlet; the SHSLB has a saturated vapor outlet, a low pressure vapor inlet, and a condensate inlet; and the saturated vapor inlet of the material heater is connected with the saturated vapor outlet of the SHSLB.
  • a vapor heat pump which is not a separate equipment but a device system, comprising a material heater and a SHSLB, wherein the low pressure vapor is heated into superheated vapor in the SHSLB for spraying liquid boost pressure and converted into the pressure boosted and quantity increased saturated vapor; the material heater has a saturated vapor inlet; the SHSLB has a saturated vapor outlet, a low pressure vapor inlet, and
  • the SHSLB is a TSHSLB; and TSHSLB comprises a TSHSLB vortex generation superheat section, a TSHSLB acceleration section, a TSHSLB high-speed mixing section and a TSHSLB diffuser section; wherein the TSHSLB vortex generation superheat section has a circular drum or a cylindrical inner cavity, the TSHSLB acceleration section has a conical inner cavity, the TSHSLB high-speed mixing section has a cylindrical inner cavity, and the TSHSLB diffuser section has a conical inner cavity; the larger diameter end of the conical inner cavity of the TSHSLB acceleration section is connected with a circular drum or a cylindrical inner cavity of the TSHSLB vortex generation superheat section, and the smaller diameter end of the conical inner cavity of the TSHSLB acceleration section is connected with the smaller diameter end of the conical inner cavity of the TSHSLB diffuser section through the cylindrical inner cavity of the TSHSLB high-speed mixing section; the TSHSLB vortex generation superheat section
  • the material heater is an evaporator
  • the SHSLB comprises a SH and a SLB
  • the SH has a secondary vapor inlet pipe and a superheated vapor outlet
  • the evaporator comprises a heating chamber and an evaporation chamber
  • the evaporator has a secondary vapor outlet connected with the evaporation chamber and a saturated vapor inlet connected with the heating chamber
  • the SLB has a superheated vapor inlet and a saturated vapor outlet
  • the secondary vapor inlet pipe of the SH is connected with the secondary vapor outlet of the evaporation chamber of the evaporator
  • the superheated vapor outlet of the SH is connected with the superheated vapor inlet of the SLB
  • the saturated vapor outlet of the SLB is connected with the saturated vapor inlet of the heating chamber
  • the SLB has a nozzle assembly comprising a liquid ejection nozzle arranged in the SLB; and the ejection direction of the liquid ejection nozzle is the same as that of
  • the SH comprises a TSH and a heater; wherein the TSH comprises a tornado vortex generation section, a tornado acceleration section, a high-speed section and a diffuser superheat section; the tornado vortex generation section has a circular drum or a cylindrical inner cavity; the tornado acceleration section has a conical inner cavity; the high-speed section has a cylindrical inner cavity; and the diffuser superheat section has a conical inner cavity; the larger diameter end of the conical inner cavity of the tornado acceleration section is connected with the circular drum or cylindrical inner cavity of the tornado vortex generation section, and the smaller diameter end of the conical inner cavity of the tornado acceleration section is connected with the smaller diameter end of the conical inner cavity of the diffuser superheat section through the cylindrical inner cavity of the high-speed section; the centerline of the circular drum or cylindrical inner cavity of the tornado vortex generation section, the centerline of the conical inner cavity of the tornado acceleration section, the centerline of the cylindrical inner cavity of the high-speed section and the centerline of the conical inner cavity of the diffuser superheat
  • the SLB is a TSLB comprising a TSLB vortex generation section, a TSLB acceleration section, a TSLB high-speed mixing section and a TSLB diffuser section;
  • the TSLB vortex generation section has a circular drum or cylindrical inner cavity;
  • the TSLB acceleration section has a conical inner cavity;
  • the TSLB high-speed mixing section has a cylindrical inner cavity;
  • the TSLB diffuser section has a conical inner cavity;
  • the larger diameter end of the conical inner cavity of the TSLB acceleration section is connected with the circular drum or cylindrical inner cavity of the TSLB vortex generation section, and the smaller diameter end of the conical inner cavity of the TSLB acceleration section is connected with the smaller diameter end of the conical inner cavity of the TSLB diffuser section through the cylindrical inner cavity of the TSLB high-speed mixing section;
  • a superheated vapor inlet pipe is arranged on the TSLB vortex generation section;
  • the centerline of the superheated vapor inlet pipe
  • the length-diameter ratio of the cylindrical inner cavity of the TSLB high-speed mixing section is 1-4: 1; and the taper of the conical inner cavity of the TSLB diffuser section is 6-10°.
  • the vapor heat pump comprises a condensate discharge tank and a condensate pump; the material heater or evaporator is provided with a condensate outlet connected with the inlet of the condensate discharge tank, wherein the outlet of the condensate discharge tank is connected with the inlet of the condensate pump, and the outlet of the condensate pump is connected with the tornado nozzle assembly or the nozzle assembly so that the heat energy of the condensate can be utilized.
  • the vapor heat pump comprises a first temperature control loop, and a control valve is arranged on the connecting pipe between the nozzle assembly of the SLB or the TSLB and the condensate pump;
  • a temperature sensor for pressure boosted and quantity increased saturated vapor is arranged at the outlet of the SLB or the TSLB, and the valve opening of the control valve is controlled by the first temperature control loop according to the saturated vapor temperature at the outlet of the SLB or the TSLB detected by the temperature sensor for pressure boosted and quantity increased saturated vapor, thereby maintaining stable temperature of the pressure boosted and quantity increased saturated vapor.
  • the heater is provided with a second temperature control loop, and a second temperature sensor is arranged at the outlet of the SH or the TSH; and the heating amount of the heater is regulated by the second temperature control loop according to the superheated vapor temperature at the outlet of the SH or the TSH detected by the second temperature sensor to stabilize superheated vapor temperature.
  • a control valve is arranged on the connecting pipe between the tornado nozzle assembly of the SHSLB or the TSHSLB and the condensate pump; and the second heater is provided with a temperature regulator; an temperature automatic selective control loop and a temperature sensor for pressure boosted and quantity increased saturated vapor are arranged at the outlet of the SHSLB or the TSHSLB; the temperature sensor for pressure boosted and quantity increased saturated vapor is connected to the temperature automatic selective control loop; and the valve opening of the control valve as well as the temperature regulator is controlled by the temperature automatic selective control loop to maintain stable temperature of the pressure boosted and quantity increased saturated vapor.
  • the control principle for temperature automatic selective adjustment loop is as follow: if the temperature is higher than set value, the temperature of saturated vapor at the target pressure was reached by increasing the flow rate of condensate and/or reducing the heating amount of the heater; conversely if the temperature is lower than set value, the temperature of saturated vapor at the target pressure was reached by reducing the flow rate of condensate and/or increasing the heating amount of the heater .
  • the vapor heat pump of the invention has the following advantages especially when the SHSLB is a TSHSLB or the SHSLB is a combined TSH and TSLB mode for a tornado vapor heat pump (TVHP):
  • SHSLB 2- superhe
  • the 100°C low pressure vapor or secondary vapor can reach the 120°C saturation state steam and reused through enthalpy supplement of 29kJ/kg and pressure boosting based on the technology of the invention.
  • the enthalpy of superheated steam increases with the amount of heat supplemented, superheat degree or superheated steam temperature, which is the mode and principle of enthalpy supplement of the superheated steam.
  • the superheated steam cannot be pressure increased during enthalpy supplement.
  • heat energy and pressure energy are both energy. Under certain conditions, heat energy can be converted into pressure energy by spraying liquid boost pressure, will be a perfect choice .
  • the enthalpy supplement requirements can be met by exceeding the high-level thermal energy saturated steam temperature at the target pressure; and the principle of superheated steam rising is the same as that of hot air balloon rising.
  • the spraying liquid boost pressure of the invention is different from adiabatic compression, of which steam will eventually be in a superheated state because more than 80% of the energy is consumed for temperature increase and less than 20% of the energy is used for pressure increase; meanwhile, it is also different from isothermal compression.
  • the isothermal compression of gas will release heat to the outside, i.e. the compression heat shall be taken away by cooling water or air, resulting in a decrease in enthalpy of energy.
  • the characteristics of spraying liquid boost pressure lie in that the pressure boosted or compressed vapor is the pressure boosted saturated vapor instead of superheated vapor, and no heat is released so as not to reduce the enthalpy value.
  • the system acquires heat from the outside, i.e. spraying liquid heat; thus the spraying liquid absorbs this part of enthalpy higher than the temperature of pressure boosted saturated vapor and becomes the incremental saturated vapor.
  • spraying liquid boost pressure is to convert the superheated vapor into the pressure boosted and quantity increased saturated vapor, with low energy consumption and large pressure ratio.
  • an artificial tornado is generated in relevant equipment by reference to the formation principle of tornado in nature and its strong suction to further enhance the strong suction force generated during condensation and sharp volume reduction of vapor, so as to improve the thermal efficiency and compression ratio.
  • the technical scheme provided by the invention is a vapor heat pump and a method for utilizing low pressure vapor through enthalpy supplement and pressure boost.
  • the method for utilizing low pressure vapor through enthalpy supplement and pressure boost comprises the following steps:
  • the low pressure vapor may be the secondary vapor generated in the evaporator, or the industrial by-product vapor, the waste heat boiler steam, etc.
  • the low pressure vapor is heated into superheated vapor, and the superheated vapor shall be at a temperature higher than that of the high-level thermal energy saturated vapor at target pressure; in particular, the superheated vapor shall be at 2-30°C higher than the high-level thermal energy saturated vapor
  • step 1) the low pressure vapor can be directly heated, or heated by an external heater after being made into tornadoes according to the principle of artificial tornadoes.
  • the material heater 1 in step 2) refers to the equipment where the material can be heated by vapor; and the material heater may be an evaporator, a heat exchanger, a heater, etc. Meanwhile, when the saturated vapor is condensed in step 2, it will sharply shrink in volume to generate a strong suction force so that the superheated vapor obtained in step 1) can be sucked for spraying liquid boost pressure. Alternatively, under the action of the strong suction force generated when the saturated vapor is condensed and sharply shrinks in volume, a tornado vortex is generated from the superheated vapor for spraying liquid boost pressure.
  • the material heater 1 is an evaporator.
  • the method comprises the following steps:
  • the superheat and spraying liquid boost pressure of low pressure vapor can be realized through many ways; for example, a heater or a heat exchanger can be used in the process of heating the low pressure vapor; or the diffuser and booster can be directly used in the process of pressurizing the low pressure vapor.
  • the method for utilizing low pressure vapor through enthalpy supplement and pressure boost is a preferred embodiment, adopting a vapor heat pump comprising a material heater 1 and a SHSLB 2; wherein the SHSLB2 has a saturated vapor outlet and a low pressure vapor inlet; the material heater 1 has a saturated vapor inlet in connected with the saturated vapor outlet of the SHSLB2; in step 1), the low pressure vapor is heated into the superheated vapor in the SHSLB2; and the superheated vapor shall be at a temperature higher than that of the high-level thermal energy saturated vapor at the target pressure; in step 2), the condensate is sprayed into the SHSLB2 at 3-16m/s to convert the superheated vapor into the pressure boosted and quantity increased saturated vapor, which is then fed into the material heater 1 for heating the material to archive the utilization or cyclic utilization.
  • the SHSLB2 can be an integrated combination mode of a common heater and a diffuser, or a separate connection combination of the common heater and the diffuser.
  • the SHSLB2 is used for easy installation. Further, in order to improve the efficiency of superheat and spraying liquid boost pressure of secondary vapor, the SHSLB2 is a TSHSLB capable of realizing enthalpy supplement and spraying liquid boost pressure of secondary vapor.
  • step 1) the secondary vapor formed in an evaporation chamber of the evaporator is heated into superheated vapor, and the superheated vapor shall be at a temperature higher than that of the high-level thermal energy saturated vapor at the target pressure; in step 2), when the evaporable solution or pure liquid is heated by the saturated vapor in the heating chamber of the evaporator, the saturated vapor will be condensed and sharply shrink in volume to generate a strong suction force; a tornado is generated from the superheated vapor obtained in step 1) in the TSHSLB for enhancing the suction force, with the central speed of the tornado vortex more than 200m/s; meanwhile, the condensate is sprayed through the nozzle assembly 206 at 3-16m/s and at the rotating direction opposite to that of the tornado vortex in the TSHSLB; the superheated vapor and the condensate are fully mixed to generate the pressure boosted and quantity increased saturated vapor, which is then fed into the heating chamber of the evaporator for heating the material
  • the SHSLB2 preferably comprises a SH21 and a SLB22; wherein the SH21 has a low pressure vapor inlet and a superheated vapor outlet, and the SLB22 has a superheated vapor inlet and a saturated vapor outlet.
  • the superheated vapor outlet of the SH21 is connected with the superheated vapor inlet of the SLB22, and the saturated vapor outlet of the SLB22 is connected with the saturated vapor inlet of the material heater 1; in step 1), the low pressure vapor is heated into the superheated vapor in the SH21; and the superheated vapor shall be at a temperature higher than that of the high-level thermal energy saturated vapor at the target pressure; in step 2), the condensate is sprayed into the SLB22 at 3-16m/s to convert the superheated vapor into the pressure boosted and quantity increased saturated vapor, which is then fed into the material heater 1 for heating the material to archive the utilization or cyclic utilization.
  • the SHSLB2 further comprises a SH21 and a SLB22; wherein the SH21 is a TSH through which a tornado vortex can be generated from vapor, and the SLB22 is a TSLB through which a tornado vortex can be generated from vapor, and TSH is provided with a heater 6 for heating vapor; in step 1), the low pressure vapor is fed into the TSH to generate a tornado vortex; meanwhile, the TSH low pressure vapor is heated into superheated vapor by the heater 6 arranged on the TSH, and the superheated vapor shall be at a temperature higher than that of the high-level thermal energy saturated vapor at the target pressure; in step 2), when the material is heated by the saturated vapor in the material heater 1, the saturated vapor will be condensed to generate a strong suction force so that the superheated vapor obtained in step 1) is sucked into the TSLB for spraying-liquid boost pressure and changed
  • the method for utilizing low pressure vapor through enthalpy supplement and pressure boost adopting a vapor heat pump comprising a material heater 1 and a SHSLB2, wherein the material heater 1 is an evaporator comprising an evaporation chamber 12 and a heating chamber 11; and the secondary vapor outlet 18 of the evaporation chamber 12, the SHSLB2, and the saturated vapor inlet 15 of the heating chamber 11 are sequentially connected.
  • the method for utilizing low pressure vapor through enthalpy supplement and pressure boost adopting a vapor heat pump comprising a material heater 1 and a SHSLB2, wherein the material heater 1 is an evaporator comprising an evaporation chamber 12 and a heating chamber 11; the SHSLB2 comprised a SH21 and a SLB22; and the secondary vapor outlet 18 of the evaporation chamber 12, the SH21, the SLB22 and the saturated vapor inlet 15 of the heating chamber 11 are sequentially connected.
  • the method further comprises the following steps:
  • the SH21 is a heat exchanger and the SLB22 is a diffuser.
  • the method for utilizing low pressure vapor through enthalpy supplement and pressure boost adopting a vapor heat pump, in particular to a tornado vapor heat pump comprising an evaporator and a TSHSLB, wherein the evaporator comprised an evaporation chamber 12 and a heating chamber 11; and the secondary vapor outlet 18 of the evaporation chamber 12, the TSHSLB, and the saturated vapor inlet 15 of the heating chamber 11 are sequentially connected.
  • the method comprises the following steps:
  • the SHSLB2 is a TSHSLB comprising a TSHSLB vortex generation superheat section 202, a TSHSLB acceleration section 203, a TSHSLB high-speed mixing section 204 and a TSHSLB diffuser section 205; wherein the TSHSLB vortex generation superheat section 202 has a circular drum or a cylindrical inner cavity, the TSHSLB acceleration section 203 has a conical inner cavity, the TSHSLB high-speed mixing section 204 has a cylindrical inner cavity, and the TSHSLB diffuser section 205 has a conical inner cavity; the larger diameter end of the conical inner cavity of the TSHSLB acceleration section 203 is connected with the circular drum or cylindrical inner cavity of the TSHSLB vortex generation superheat section 202, and the smaller diameter end of the conical inner cavity of the TSHSLB acceleration section 203 is connected with the smaller diameter end of the conical inner cavity of the TSHSLB
  • step 1) the secondary vapor is heated into the superheated vapor on the TSHSLB vortex generation superheat section 202.
  • step 2) the condensate is sprayed into the TSHSLB to convert the superheated secondary vapor into the pressure boosted and quantity increased high-level thermal energy saturated vapor.
  • the method for utilizing low pressure vapor through enthalpy supplement and pressure boost adopting a vapor heat pump, in particular to a tornado vapor heat pump comprising a material heater 1, a SH21 and a SLB22; wherein the material heater 1 is an evaporator, the SH21 is a TSH and the SLB22 is a TSLB; the evaporator comprised an evaporation chamber 12 and a heating chamber 11; the secondary vapor outlet 18 of the evaporation chamber 12, the TSH, the TSLB and the saturated vapor inlet 15 of the heating chamber 11 are sequentially connected; a tornado vortex is generated from vapor in the TSH; and a heater 6 is arranged on the TSH for heating vapor.
  • a tornado vapor heat pump in particular to a tornado vapor heat pump comprising a material heater 1, a SH21 and a SLB22; wherein the material heater 1 is an evaporator, the SH21 is a TSH and the SLB22 is a TSLB; the
  • the method for utilizing low pressure vapor through enthalpy supplement and pressure boost adopting a vapor heat pump, in particular to a tornado vapor heat pump comprising a material heater 1, a SH21 and a SLB22; wherein the material heater 1 is an evaporator, the SH21 is a TSH and the SLB22 is a TSLB; the SH21 comprised a TSH and a heater 6; wherein the TSH comprised a tornado vortex generation section 212, a tornado acceleration section 213, a high-speed section 214 and a diffuser superheat section 215; the tornado vortex generation section 212 has a circular drum or a cylindrical inner cavity; the tornado acceleration section 213 has a conical inner cavity; the high-speed section 214 has a cylindrical inner cavity; and the diffuser superheat section 215 has a conical inner cavity; the larger diameter end of the conical inner cavity of the tornado acceleration section 213 is connected with the circular drum or cylindrical inner cavity of the tornado vortex generation section 212
  • the SLB22 is a TSLB comprising a TSLB vortex generation section 222, a TSLB acceleration section 223, a TSLB high-speed mixing section 224 and a TSLB diffuser section 225;
  • the TSLB vortex generation section 222 has a circular drum or a cylindrical inner cavity;
  • the TSLB acceleration section 223 has a conical inner cavity;
  • the TSLB high-speed mixing section 224 has a cylindrical inner cavity;
  • the TSLB diffuser section 225 has a conical inner cavity;
  • the larger diameter end of the conical inner cavity of the TSLB acceleration section 223 is connected with the circular drum or cylindrical inner cavity of the TSLB vortex generation section 222, and the smaller diameter end of the conical inner cavity of the TSLB acceleration section 223 is connected with the smaller diameter end of the conical inner cavity of the TSLB diffuser section 225 through the cylindrical inner cavity of the high-speed mixing section 224;
  • a superheated vapor inlet pipe 221 is
  • the method, technique, system and regulation of using artificial tornadoes are as follows: the solution in the evaporation chamber of the evaporator is evaporated to generate the secondary vapor (low-level thermal energy vapor), which is discharged from the outlet 18, entered the secondary vapor inlet pipe 211 of the TSH, and then tangentially flowed into the vortex generation section 212 to generate the initial tornado vortex. Next, the tornado vortex is accelerated in the acceleration section 213 with the central wind speed more than 100 m/s, thus creating favorable conditions for the superheating of the secondary vapor.
  • the secondary vapor low-level thermal energy vapor
  • the secondary vapor is superheated by the heater 6 into the superheated vapor for enthalpy supplement in the high-speed section 214 and the diffuser superheat section 215.
  • the enthalpy supplement is satisfactory when the superheated vapor temperature exceeded the temperature of saturated vapor at the target pressure.
  • the superheated vapor can reach the required superheat degree by adjusting the heat supply amount of the heater 6 at the outlet of the diffuser superheat section 215 of the TSH.
  • the rising principle of superheated vapor is similar to that of a hot air balloon, and produced corresponding suction force (or pumping force) to the secondary vapor at the same time.
  • the superheated vapor at the outlet of the diffuser superheat section 215 can only be used for enthalpy supplement rather than pressure boosting according to the nature of the superheated vapor.
  • the superheated vapor at the outlet of the diffuser superheat section 215 entered the TSLB superheated vapor inlet pipe 221 by means of its lift force, and then tangentially flowed into the TSLB vortex generation section 222 to generate an initial tornado vortex.
  • the circular drum or cylindrical shell is required for the TSLB vortex generation section, and its diameter can allow the superheated vapor to enter and boosted pressure at the outlet. Its tornado vortex is accelerated in the TSLB acceleration section 223, with the central wind speed more than 200 m/s, thus creating favorable conditions for the spraying liquid boost pressure of the superheated vapor.
  • the counter-rotating condensate is sprayed through the nozzle assembly 226 and mixed with the superheated vapor violently at high speed, so as to generate a strong suction force under the combined action of the circulation area, diffuser, spraying liquid boost pressure and vapor condensation.
  • the tornado formation method is used to enhance the suction force so that the superheated vapor is converted into the pressure boosted and quantity increased high-level thermal energy saturated vapor, and then flowed out of the TSLB diffuser section 225. Since the saturated vapor can reach the required temperature by controlling the flow rate of condensate, the spraying liquid boost pressure technology can avoid the situation that over 80% of the energy consumed by conventional technology, namely adiabatic compression is consumed for temperature increasing .
  • the high-level thermal energy saturated vapor entered the heating chamber of the evaporator through the inlet pipe 15 for heating the solution to be evaporated, and changing itself into condensate after releasing latent heat.
  • the saturated vapor sharply shrank in volume to generate a strong suction force, which is also the motive power of the tornado vapor heat pump. Therefore, the secondary vapor (low-level thermal energy vapor) can be changed into the high-level thermal energy saturated vapor for reuse.
  • the SHSLB2 was a TSHSLB in example 3, and the SHSLB2 is a combination of a TSH and a TSLB in example 5.
  • the TSHSLB in example 3 has basically the same structure as that of the TSLB in example 5.
  • the TSH in example 5 is not provided, the second heater 207 is arranged on the TSLB vortex generation section 222 to act as the TSHSLB, and the rest remained unchanged.
  • the method in example 5 differs from that in example 3 in that: in example 3, the TSH is not provided; the secondary vapor discharged from the secondary vapor outlet 18 of the evaporation chamber 12 is directly fed into the TSHSLB, and the temperature of saturated vapor at its outlet is controlled by an temperature automatic selective adjustment loop.
  • the temperature of saturated vapor at the target pressure is reached by increasing the flow rate of condensate and/or reducing the heating amount of the second heater 207; conversely if the temperature is lower than set value, the temperature of saturated vapor at the target pressure is reached by reducing the flow rate of condensate and/or increasing the heating amount of the second heater 207.
  • the invention provides a method for utilizing low pressure vapor through enthalpy supplement and pressure boost, adopting a tornado vapor heat pump system.
  • the strong suction force formed through the self-condensation of saturated vapor during heating in the evaporator can be provided for forming a tornado, and the suction force further enhanced by the artificial tornado for enthalpy supplement and spraying liquid boost pressure, so as to realize the cyclic utilization of secondary vapor.
  • This method has low energy consumption due to small enthalpy difference of saturated vapor at different temperature, thus small enthalpy supplement heat is needed , but large suction force and high pressure ratio for spraying liquid boost pressure is reached, so it can achieve the goal of the energy save and emission reduction.
  • Example 1 to Example 5 Based on Example 1 to Example 5, as shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 4 , the secondary vapor is replaced with the low pressure vapor, the evaporator is replaced with the material heater 1, the corresponding vapor heat pump and the method for utilizing low pressure vapor through enthalpy supplement and pressure boost remained unchanged, and low pressure vapor is fed through the low pressure vapor pipe 9.
  • the vapor heat pump is a tornado vapor heat pump, comprising a material heater 1 and a SHSLB2; wherein the SHSLB2 comprised a SH21 and a SLB22; the SH21 is a TSH as shown in Fig. 6 to Fig.
  • the TSH comprised a tornado vortex generation section 212, a tornado acceleration section 213, a high-speed section 214 and a diffuser superheat section 215;
  • the tornado vortex generation section 212 has a circular drum or a cylindrical inner cavity;
  • the tornado acceleration section 213 has a conical inner cavity;
  • the high-speed section 214 has a cylindrical inner cavity;
  • the diffuser superheat section 215 has a conical inner cavity;
  • the larger diameter end of the conical inner cavity of the tornado acceleration section 213 is connected with the circular drum or cylindrical inner cavity of the tornado vortex generation section 212, and the smaller diameter end of the conical inner cavity of the tornado acceleration section 213 is connected with the smaller diameter end of the conical inner cavity of the diffuser superheat section 215 through the cylindrical inner cavity of the high-speed section 214;
  • the length-diameter ratio of the cylindrical inner cavity of the high-speed section 214 is 1.5 - 4:1 and the taper of the conical inner cavity of the diffuser superheat section 215 is set at 2 - 8°.
  • the enthalpy supplement can be satisfactory when the superheated vapor temperature exceeded the saturated vapor temperature at the target pressure.
  • the superheated vapor can reach the superheat degree by adjusting the heat supply amount of the heater 6 at the outlet of the diffuser superheat section 215.
  • the principle of superheated vapor discharging is similar to that of a hot air balloon, and corresponding suction force (or pumping force) will be produced for the secondary vapor in the above process.
  • the superheated vapor at the outlet of the diffuser superheat section 215 can only be used for enthalpy supplement rather than pressure boosting according to the property of superheated vapor.
  • the vapor heat pump is a tornado vapor heat pump, comprising a material heater 1 and a SHSLB2; wherein the SHSLB2 comprised a SH21 and a SLB22; the SH21 is a TSH; the SLB22 is a TSLB as shown in Fig. 10 to Fig.
  • the TSLB comprised a TSLB vortex generation section 222, a TSLB acceleration section 223, a TSLB high-speed mixing section 224 and a TSLB diffuser section 225;
  • the TSLB vortex generation section 222 has a circular drum or a cylindrical inner cavity;
  • the TSLB acceleration section 223 has a conical inner cavity;
  • the TSLB high-speed mixing section 224 has a cylindrical inner cavity;
  • the TSLB diffuser section 225 has a conical inner cavity;
  • the larger diameter end of the conical inner cavity of the TSLB acceleration section 223 is connected with the circular drum or cylindrical inner cavity of the TSLB vortex generation section 222, and the smaller diameter end of the conical inner cavity of the TSLB acceleration section 223 is connected with the smaller diameter end of the conical inner cavity of the TSLB diffuser section 225 through the cylindrical inner cavity of the high-speed mixing section 224;
  • a superheated vapor inlet pipe 221 is arranged on the TS
  • the length-diameter ratio of the cylindrical inner cavity of the TSLB high-speed mixing section 224 is 1 ⁇ 4: 1; and the taper of the conical inner cavity of the TSLB diffuser section 225 is 6 ⁇ 10°.
  • Principle of spraying liquid boost pressure for the superheated vapor in TSLB The superheated vapor at the outlet of the TSH diffuser superheat section 215 entered the TSLB superheated vapor inlet pipe 221 due to its lift force, and then tangentially flowed into the TSLB vortex generation section 222 to generate an initial tornado vortex.
  • Requirements for the TSLB vortex generation section the diameter of a circular drum or cylindrical shell can allow the superheated vapor to enter and be pressure boosted at the outlet.
  • the tornado vortex is accelerated in the TSLB acceleration section 223, with the central wind speed more than 200 m/s, thus creating favorable internal conditions for the spraying liquid boost pressure of the superheated vapor.
  • the counter-rotating condensate is sprayed through the nozzle assembly 226 and mixed with the TSLB tornado vortex violently at high speed to generate a strong suction force under the combined action of the circulation area, diffuser, spraying liquid boost pressure and vapor condensation, which is enhanced by the tornado formation method so that the pressure boosted and quantity increased high-level thermal energy saturated vapor flowed out of the diffuser section 225.
  • the saturated vapor can reach the required temperature by controlling the flow rate of condensate.
  • the vapor heat pump further comprised a condensate discharge tank 10 and a condensate pump 3; the condensate outlet 16 of the evaporator or the condensate outlet of the material heater 1 is connected with the inlet of the condensate discharge tank 10, the condensate outlet of the condensate discharge tank 10 is connected with the inlet of the condensate pump 3, and the outlet of the condensate pump 3 is connected with the tornado nozzle assembly 206 or the nozzle assembly 226.
  • the condensate in the condensate discharge tank 10 is pumped out and pressurized by the condensate pump 3, and then sprayed into the SHSLB2, the TSHSLB, the SLB22 and the TSLB through the tornado nozzle assembly 206 or the nozzle assembly 226 respectively, so as to change the superheated vapor into the pressure boosted and quantity increased saturated vapor, and achieve the purpose of utilizing condensate heat energy and saving cost.
  • the vapor heat pump further comprised a first temperature control loop 7; and a control valve 4 is arranged on the connecting pipe between the condensate pump 3 and the nozzle assembly 226 of the SLB22 or the TSLB; a temperature sensor is arranged at the outlet of the SLB22 or the TSLB, and the valve opening of the control valve 4 is controlled according to the vapor temperature at the outlet of the SLB22 or the TSLB by the first temperature control loop 7, so as to regulate the flow rate of condensate and maintain stable temperature of the pressure boosted and quantity increased saturated vapor.
  • the first temperature control loop 7 can be of DCS centralized control.
  • the heater 6 is provided with a second temperature control loop 8, and a second temperature sensor is arranged at the outlet of the SH21 or the TSH; the heating amount of the heater 6 is adjusted by the second temperature control loop 8 according to the temperature of the superheated vapor at the outlet of the SH21 or the TSH detected by the second temperature sensor to maintain stable temperature of the superheated vapor.
  • the second temperature control loop 8 can be of DCS centralized control.
  • the vapor heat pump further comprised a temperature automatic selective control loop 5 arranged at the outlet of the SHSLB2 or the TSHSLB.
  • the pressure boosted and quantity increased saturated vapor temperature sensor is arranged at the outlet of the SHSLB2 or the TSHSLB.
  • the temperature automatic selective control loop can be of DCS centralized control.
  • the vapor heat pump and the method for utilizing low pressure vapor through enthalpy supplement and pressure boost in the Examples 1 to 10, especially the more efficient tornado vapor heat pump(TVHP), have the following advantages:

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EP17878307.2A 2016-12-05 2017-11-24 Pompe à chaleur à vapeur et procédé permettant d'employer vapeur à basse pression par complément d'enthalpie et surpression Active EP3546826B1 (fr)

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CN113266609B (zh) * 2021-06-02 2023-04-07 傅朝清 热液喷射多单元蒸气压缩装置及热泵
CN114151389B (zh) * 2021-12-07 2024-05-28 宁波金发新材料有限公司 一种低压蒸汽回收利用装置
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CN114804489A (zh) * 2022-04-25 2022-07-29 倍杰特集团股份有限公司 一种气化浓水的节能水处理系统及方法

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