EP3545543A1 - Method and device for implanting ions in wafers - Google Patents
Method and device for implanting ions in wafersInfo
- Publication number
- EP3545543A1 EP3545543A1 EP17804894.8A EP17804894A EP3545543A1 EP 3545543 A1 EP3545543 A1 EP 3545543A1 EP 17804894 A EP17804894 A EP 17804894A EP 3545543 A1 EP3545543 A1 EP 3545543A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- wafer
- filter
- implantation
- ion beam
- chamber
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 16
- 235000012431 wafers Nutrition 0.000 title description 85
- 238000002513 implantation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 238000010884 ion-beam technique Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 claims description 49
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- -1 aluminum ions Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005468 ion implantation Methods 0.000 description 19
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 11
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007943 implant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010849 ion bombardment Methods 0.000 description 2
- MYWUZJCMWCOHBA-VIFPVBQESA-N methamphetamine Chemical compound CN[C@@H](C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 MYWUZJCMWCOHBA-VIFPVBQESA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013022 venting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910002601 GaN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JMASRVWKEDWRBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium nitride Chemical compound [Ga]#N JMASRVWKEDWRBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910013641 LiNbO 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241001596291 Namibia Species 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LUTSRLYCMSCGCS-BWOMAWGNSA-N [(3s,8r,9s,10r,13s)-10,13-dimethyl-17-oxo-1,2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,16-decahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl] acetate Chemical compound C([C@@H]12)C[C@]3(C)C(=O)CC=C3[C@@H]1CC=C1[C@]2(C)CC[C@H](OC(=O)C)C1 LUTSRLYCMSCGCS-BWOMAWGNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002800 charge carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013065 commercial product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010297 mechanical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005226 mechanical processes and functions Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
- H01J37/02—Details
- H01J37/04—Arrangements of electrodes and associated parts for generating or controlling the discharge, e.g. electron-optical arrangement or ion-optical arrangement
- H01J37/05—Electron or ion-optical arrangements for separating electrons or ions according to their energy or mass
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
- H01J37/30—Electron-beam or ion-beam tubes for localised treatment of objects
- H01J37/317—Electron-beam or ion-beam tubes for localised treatment of objects for changing properties of the objects or for applying thin layers thereon, e.g. for ion implantation
- H01J37/3171—Electron-beam or ion-beam tubes for localised treatment of objects for changing properties of the objects or for applying thin layers thereon, e.g. for ion implantation for ion implantation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
- C23C14/14—Metallic material, boron or silicon
- C23C14/18—Metallic material, boron or silicon on other inorganic substrates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
- C23C14/48—Ion implantation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
- H01J37/02—Details
- H01J37/04—Arrangements of electrodes and associated parts for generating or controlling the discharge, e.g. electron-optical arrangement or ion-optical arrangement
- H01J37/147—Arrangements for directing or deflecting the discharge along a desired path
- H01J37/1472—Deflecting along given lines
- H01J37/1474—Scanning means
- H01J37/1477—Scanning means electrostatic
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- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
- H01J37/02—Details
- H01J37/20—Means for supporting or positioning the object or the material; Means for adjusting diaphragms or lenses associated with the support
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
- H01J37/30—Electron-beam or ion-beam tubes for localised treatment of objects
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/0445—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising crystalline silicon carbide
- H01L21/0455—Making n or p doped regions or layers, e.g. using diffusion
- H01L21/046—Making n or p doped regions or layers, e.g. using diffusion using ion implantation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/0445—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising crystalline silicon carbide
- H01L21/0455—Making n or p doped regions or layers, e.g. using diffusion
- H01L21/046—Making n or p doped regions or layers, e.g. using diffusion using ion implantation
- H01L21/0465—Making n or p doped regions or layers, e.g. using diffusion using ion implantation using masks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching and having potential barriers; Capacitors or resistors having potential barriers, e.g. a PN-junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/02—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/30—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by physical imperfections; having polished or roughened surface
- H01L29/32—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by physical imperfections; having polished or roughened surface the imperfections being within the semiconductor body
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- H01J2237/045—Diaphragms
- H01J2237/0456—Supports
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- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J2237/00—Discharge tubes exposing object to beam, e.g. for analysis treatment, etching, imaging
- H01J2237/04—Means for controlling the discharge
- H01J2237/047—Changing particle velocity
- H01J2237/0475—Changing particle velocity decelerating
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- H01J2237/057—Energy or mass filtering
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- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J2237/00—Discharge tubes exposing object to beam, e.g. for analysis treatment, etching, imaging
- H01J2237/20—Positioning, supporting, modifying or maintaining the physical state of objects being observed or treated
- H01J2237/202—Movement
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- H01J2237/30—Electron or ion beam tubes for processing objects
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- H01J2237/31701—Ion implantation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
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- H01J2237/30—Electron or ion beam tubes for processing objects
- H01J2237/317—Processing objects on a microscale
- H01J2237/31701—Ion implantation
- H01J2237/31705—Impurity or contaminant control
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- H01J2237/30—Electron or ion beam tubes for processing objects
- H01J2237/317—Processing objects on a microscale
- H01J2237/31701—Ion implantation
- H01J2237/31706—Ion implantation characterised by the area treated
- H01J2237/3171—Ion implantation characterised by the area treated patterned
- H01J2237/31711—Ion implantation characterised by the area treated patterned using mask
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J2237/00—Discharge tubes exposing object to beam, e.g. for analysis treatment, etching, imaging
- H01J2237/30—Electron or ion beam tubes for processing objects
- H01J2237/317—Processing objects on a microscale
- H01J2237/31701—Ion implantation
- H01J2237/31706—Ion implantation characterised by the area treated
- H01J2237/3171—Ion implantation characterised by the area treated patterned
- H01J2237/31713—Focused ion beam
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/26—Bombardment with radiation
- H01L21/263—Bombardment with radiation with high-energy radiation
- H01L21/265—Bombardment with radiation with high-energy radiation producing ion implantation
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method and apparatus for ion implantation in wafers.
- the invention deals with apparatus aspects of the doping of semiconductors or the generation of defect profiles for modifying the charge carrier lifetime in semiconductor devices by using an energy filter for ion implantation.
- ICSCRM2015 "Alternative highly homogenous drift layer doping for 650V SiC devices"
- Reference numeral 2 denotes the ion beam
- reference numeral 3 denotes a first ion
- reference numeral 4 denotes a second ion
- reference numeral 8 denotes the substrate
- reference numeral 10 denotes a rectangular distribution (with filter)
- reference numeral 12 denotes a Gaussian distribution (without filter).
- the energy filter 6 is structured so that it has different thickness areas.
- the thickest area is more than 1, 5 times, more than 2 times, more than 3 times, or more than 5 times as thick as the thinnest area.
- the structure may for example be triangular, as shown in Fig. 1. This is just one example. Any other structures are also possible.
- the basic principle of the energy filter 6 is as follows: A monoenergetic ion beam 2 is modified in its energy as it passes through the microstructured energy filter component, depending on the point of entry. The resulting energy distribution of the ions results in a modification of the depth profile of the implanted substance in the matrix of the substrate 8.
- FIGS. 2a and 2b show the arrangement of wafers on a rotating wafer wheel 20 in combination with a static, ie predominantly Gaussian , ion beam 2.
- Reference numeral 13 denotes the implantation chamber
- reference numeral 14 denotes the beam line insert 14
- reference numeral 15 denotes the beam opening
- reference numeral 16 denotes the suspension for the filter membrane 18.
- FIG. 2a shows a wafer wheel 20 on which the substrates 8 to be implanted are fixed.
- the wafer wheel 20 is tilted by 90 ° and set in rotation.
- the wafer wheel 20 is thus "described" in concentric circles by the ion beam 2 indicated by dashed lines 2.
- Gaussian (more precisely Pearson-distributed) impurity profiles are known as” implanted ", at high temperature implantation also have a Gaussian, but compared to low temperature implantations reduced concentration (also peak concentration) at point defects.
- doping profiles generated by high-temperature implantation can show a higher degree of activation and a better reproducibility of the degree of activation in subsequent annealing processes.
- the present invention provides solutions to the following problems: It is desirable to be able to dispense with the mechanically complicated rotational and pendulum motion of the wafer wheel 20.
- the energy filter 6 When the energy filter 6 is positioned in an opening of the implantation chamber 13 (which may also be referred to as an irradiation chamber or wafer chamber), as shown in Figs. 2a and 2b, it may be generated or depleted in the irradiation chamber (evacuation / venting) to mechanical loads of the filter membrane 18 come by the suction of the vacuum pump or by the incoming air. Furthermore, particle deposits from the particle-contaminated ambient air in the microstructures of the microstructured filter membrane 18 can impair the functionality of the energy filter 6. Such mechanical loads and particle deposits should be avoided.
- PDC point defect concentration
- d depth
- Reference numeral 22 stands for the waviness of the defect profile
- reference numeral 24 stands for the decrease due to summation effects.
- Case 1 (FIG. 3 a) is for the case in which there is no accumulation of the point defects due to the lower-mounted implantations. Such effects of self-healing by ion implantation are known, see Wendler et al., Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B 141 (1998) 105-1 17; and Rambach et al, Nucl. Instr. and Meth. In Phys. Res. B237 (2005) 68-71.
- Case 2 ( Figure 3b) is the case where the point defect concentration accumulates.
- the distance between energy filter 6 and substrate 8 (wafer) during implantation should be between a few millimeters and a few centimeters.
- the energy filter 6 should be as large as possible in its lateral dimensions in order to distribute the energy input through the ion beam 2 to the largest possible area. As a result, the heating of the energy filter 6 is reduced and the current carrying capacity is increased.
- the inclusion of the energy filter 6 should be as flexible as possible, since it is to be expected according to current state of development that different concepts of energy filter design are required for different applications.
- the filter membrane 18 should as far as possible not be exposed to mechanical vibrations, such as may occur during ventilation and Abpumpvor réellen during the change of the substrates 8 to be irradiated.
- the microstructured filter membrane 18 should as far as possible not be exposed to the particle-laden outside air, since the functionality of the energy filter 6 could possibly be limited when particles are deposited.
- the device for arranging the energy filter 6 and the wafer chuck 45 or wafer wheel 20 should be designed so that by using the energy filter 6 implantation profiles are generated so that the generation of point defects, especially in the case of the semiconductor material SiC, should be reduced ,
- Fig. 1 shows the basic principle of an energy filter 6 in the ion implantation
- FIG. 2a is an illustration of a prior art implantation chamber 13
- Fig. 2b is an illustration of a prior art beamline insert 14 with filter membrane 18;
- Figures 3a and 3b show known point defect concentration profiles in SiC for discrete chain implantations;
- Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a fixed substrate ion implant setup, scanned ion beam, and implemented energy filter with synchronized oscillation between ion beam and energy filter in the y direction;
- Fig. 5 is an illustration of an adapted ion beam deflection for irradiating the active surface of the energy filter
- FIG. 6 shows a schematic representation of the irradiation of a substrate with i) (FIG. 6, right) of constant beam oscillation velocity in y and z and constant energy filter oscillation in y at constant ion current and ii) (FIG. 6, left) reduced irradiation surface variable filter oscillation in y and variable ion beam motion in y and z at constant ion current;
- Fig. 7 shows a schematic representation of the irradiation of reduced area with variable pendulum motion of the energy filter
- Fig. 8 shows a separate filter chamber upstream of the actual wafer chamber
- Figure 9 shows a separate filter chamber upstream of the actual wafer chamber, the energy filter holding device being arranged so that it can be moved forwards or backwards in the vicinity of the wafer chuck relative to the wafer chuck;
- Fig. 10 shows a separate filter chamber disposed within the wafer chamber
- FIG. 11 shows an energy filter arrangement in combination with a heatable wafer pick-up device
- FIG. Fig. 12 shows a novel defect and impurity profile (Case 1);
- Fig. 13 shows a novel defect and impurity profile (Case 2).
- Fig. 14 shows a novel defect and impurity profile, more specifically a dopant profile isolated from the surface.
- the implantation filter 6 should During the implantation, the entire wafer surface (substrate surface) is scanned (scan). For this purpose, an electrostatic deflection (scanning) of the ion beam 2 is provided in combination with a mechanical movement of the filter 6.
- FIGS. 4 and 5 One possible construction is shown in FIGS. 4 and 5.
- Reference numeral 2 denotes the ion beam
- reference numeral 6 denotes the filter 6
- reference numeral 8 denotes the substrate / wafer
- reference numeral 26 denotes the synchronized oscillation between filter and ion beam in the Y direction
- reference numeral 28 denotes the pendulum motion of the ion beam in the z direction
- Scanning is electrostatic in the y and z directions, but in different directions for each direction. In the z-direction, a fast scanning takes place so that the slit-like energy filter 6 is irradiated over the entire active area. Scanning in the y-direction is done by a slow electrostatic pendulum motion, which is performed synchronously with a coupled mechanical oscillating movement of the filter 6. Thus, the ion beam 2 and the active surface of the energy filter 6 always have congruence, so that the ion beam 2 is always passed through the filter 6 before it strikes the wafer 8.
- a dimension of the filter 6 may correspond to the maximum dimension of the wafer 8 in the z-direction, so that in the z-direction no mechanical movement of the filter 6 is required and only the ion beam 2 moves in this z-direction becomes.
- the dimension of the filter 6 is smaller than the maximum dimension of the wafer 8, so that in this direction the filter 6 is moved synchronously with the ion beam 2 in order to successively cover all areas of the wafer 8 during implantation to irradiate through the filter 6 guided ion beam 2.
- the energy filter 6 it may be desirable to keep the irradiated area next to the wafer 8 (overscan) as small as possible, ie to irradiate only the round wafer 8 but not the wafer 8 surrounding areas.
- the pendulum motion of the ion beam 2 is always the same, ie the ion beam 2 always moves in the z direction between two identical end points (zO and z1) and the y direction always between two equal end points (y0 and y1).
- the filter 6 moves in the y direction synchronously with the ion beam 2 between the respective end points.
- FIG. 6 where the pendulum motion of the ion beam 2 within a rectangular irradiation area and a round wafer 8 are illustrated.
- a substrate-optimized deflection of the ion beam 2 in the z direction is shown on the left in FIG. 6 and FIG. 7.
- Fig. 7 shows the irradiation of reduced area with variable filter pendulum speed and jet velocity, ti, and represent different irradiation times of the beam lines.
- Reference numeral 34 denotes the variable oscillating movement of the filter unit 6 and the ion beam 2. According to FIG. 6, left and FIG. 7, the ion beam 2 is only deflected in the z direction to such an extent that the ion beam 2 essentially strikes only the wafer 8.
- the end points of the deflection of the ion beam 2 in the z-direction are adapted to the dimensions of the wafer 8. According to one example, it is provided to move the ion beam 2 in the z-direction at a substantially constant speed in order to obtain an approximately equal implantation dose wherever irradiated. How long it takes in this case to sweep the wafer 8 in the z-direction once or several times with the ion beam 2 depends on the width of the wafer 8 at the respective y-position. This duration may be referred to as the dwell time of the filter 6 at the respective y-position, wherein this dwell time may change from y-position to y-position when the filter 6 moves synchronously with the ion beam 2 in the y-direction ,
- the filter 6 moves stepwise in the y-direction. According to another example, it is provided that the filter 6 moves continuously in the y-direction.
- the speed of the slow oscillation of the ion beam 2 and the energy filter 6 in the y-direction is adapted to the time required for the ion beam 2 to sweep the wafer in the z-direction once or several times to always coincide To ensure ion beam 2 and the energy filter 6, ie to ensure that the ion beam 2 always strikes the wafer through the filter 6.
- the essential idea is that the devices that are required for the installation of the energy filter chip in the irradiation system, in one to the wafer chamber 42 (which are also referred to as Waferendstation, wafer handling chamber or implantation chamber can) separate, vacuum technically lockable unit (which can also be referred to as filter chamber 36) to arrange, as shown for example in Fig. 8.
- the filter chamber 36 has two openings which can be closed by closures or valves (first vacuum valve 38 and second vacuum valve 40 in FIG. 8). These closures are opened in the irradiation mode and are arranged so that the ion beam 2, when the closures are open, can pass unimpeded from the accelerator through the filter 6 onto the substrate 8 to be irradiated. If the openings are closed, the filter 6 is protected in the filter chamber 36 from mechanical external influences. According to one example, the openings can be closed in a pressure-tight manner by the closures so that, after closing, the same pressure conditions prevail, which prevailed before closing in the filter chamber 36. To the filter chamber 36, a vacuum pump 41 may be connected, which can compensate for pressure fluctuations with closed openings, which may result, for example, by non-hermetically sealed closures.
- the openings are closed before the ventilation.
- the separate filter chamber 36 is still pumped, so that the particle load of the filter 6 is minimized and the pressure conditions remain constant. Mechanical loading of the filter 6 by pumping or venting operations are avoided in this way.
- the separate energy filter vacuum chamber 36 is closed during wafer feed and open during implantation. It is separate from the wafer chamber 42 by means of at least one vacuum valve 38.
- the wafer chamber 42 is formed as a "commercial" wafer chamber 42 of the prior art. During ion implantation, it has high vacuum or ultrahigh vacuum conditions.
- the filter 6 is fixed according to the prior art and / or flexible mounting options. There may be one or more independent vacuum pumping systems 41.
- the energy filter 6 in the upstream separate vacuum unit (filter chamber 36) on a movable device (filter holder 44) is arranged.
- This device 44 serves to bring the energy filter 6 closer to the substrate 8 to be irradiated, possibly due to the design of the separate vacuum unit 36 and the wafer chuck 45 between the substrate 8 and the filter 6.
- the filter 6 can (but does not have to) also be moved through one of the opened closures or vacuum valves (vacuum valve 38 in FIG. 9). In front Closing the filter chamber 36, for example during a wafer change, the filter 6 is then moved back into the filter chamber 36.
- the energy filter holder 44 is mechanically transferred to the wafer end station 42 to adjust the distance between the wafer 8 and the filter 6.
- the double arrow indicates the forward / backward movable energy filter installation. Otherwise, the reference numerals designate the same elements with the same characteristics as in FIG. 8.
- the filter chamber 36 is arranged outside the wafer chamber 42 in front of the beam opening (implantation opening) of the wafer chamber 42.
- the jet opening is the opening through which the ion beam 2 enters the wafer chamber 42.
- the above-described separate vacuum technical unit (filter chamber 36) for receiving the energy filter chip within the wafer chamber 42 (end station) is arranged. Also in this case, the mechanical process of the filter 6 in the direction of substrate 8 may be necessary. Otherwise, the reference numerals designate the same elements with the same characteristics as in FIG. 8.
- the axis labels PDC denote the point defect concentration, NC the implanted ion concentration and d the depth.
- Reference numeral 46 denotes the implanted ion concentration
- reference numeral 48 denotes the left axis
- reference numeral 50 denotes the right axis
- reference numeral 52 denotes the cold implantation defect concentration
- reference numeral 54 denotes the hot implantation defect concentration
- reference numeral 56 denotes non-end-of-range Defects
- reference numeral 58 denotes end-of-range defects 58
- the two downward parallel arrows in Figs. 12-14 indicate the reduced defect concentration.
- point defects are formed due to collisions of the injected ions with atoms of the substrate material. These point defects reach a concentration maximum in the case of unfiltered implantations in the end-of-range range of the injected foreign atoms.
- the "wafer chuck" 45 is a receptacle for the wafer 8 in the wafer chamber 42 and holds the wafer 8 during implantation.
- a heatable wafer holder wafer chuck 45, wafer wheel 20 or any other holder
- a heatable wafer holder 45 is suitable for wafers 8 made of SiC, but also for wafers 8 made of any other semiconductor materials.
- the energy filter 6 may be in any type of arrangement, such as e.g. static, movable, in separate chamber, in the same chamber as the wafer chip 45, smaller than the wafer 8, larger than or equal to the wafer 8, rotating, with collimation structure, etc.
- Profile combinations that can be achieved by irradiating a wafer 8 via an energy filter 6 have, for example, the following properties:
- the point defect concentration (PDC) is reduced in the entire depth range of the implantation expanded by the energy filter 6.
- the expanded depth range typically ranges from the surface to a few microns depth, see FIGS. 12 and 13.
- the concentration depth function of the implanted foreign atoms is dependent on the geometric and material engineering design of the energy filter 6 and thus completely beinlbar.
- the defect depth profiles follow the shape of the concentration depth function of the implanted impurities and are determined by them for a given substrate material, see FIGS. 12 and 13.
- the defect concentration depth profiles are also dependent on ion bombardment-induced annealing effects ("Case 1") due to the ion bombardment in deeper areas, so that the cases are “Case 1" ( Figure 12) and “Case 2" ( Figure 13) "Case 1" explicitly includes the case that the ion beam-induced annealing is very efficient and thus (in the case of a box-shaped impurity profile) an increase in the defect concentration with depth occurs.
- the impurity and point defect depth profiles are smooth, i. they are not characterized by peak-like concentration maxima and minima along the depth. There is no "ripple" of the defect profile.
- the expanded depth range can also begin below the surface and extend, for example starting from 2 ⁇ depth to a depth of 6 ⁇ , see Fig. 14.
- end-of-range defects 58 and non-end-of - Range defects 56.
- a reduction of the concentration is achieved by the increased temperature during implantation.
- the depth range is ⁇ 1 ⁇ .
- the implanted ion is high concentration aluminum. - Increased degree of activation and reproducible activation compared to low-temperature energy filter implantation
- the strain on the novel defect profiles extends to all implant profiles and their associated defect profiles that can be represented by energy filter application, and for all cases of defect accumulation or ion beam-induced annealing, i. especially for the two cases "Case 1" and "Case 2".
- the wafer 8 is preferably a semiconductor wafer. However, other wafers, for example of optical materials such as LiNb03, can also be processed.
- an energy filter has usually been mentioned by way of example as the implantation filter 6. However, other known from the prior art implantation filter can be used in the invention.
- Wafer recording Waferchuck 45 and Waferrad 20 were mentioned as an example in the description. However, all other conventional wafer recordings can also be used.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
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EP21154387.1A EP3836188B1 (en) | 2016-11-25 | 2017-11-27 | Method and device for ion implantation in wafers |
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DE102016122791.9A DE102016122791B3 (en) | 2016-11-25 | 2016-11-25 | Ion implantation system, filter chamber and implantation method using an energy filter element |
PCT/EP2017/080526 WO2018096145A1 (en) | 2016-11-25 | 2017-11-27 | Method and device for implanting ions in wafers |
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EP21154387.1A Division EP3836188B1 (en) | 2016-11-25 | 2017-11-27 | Method and device for ion implantation in wafers |
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EP21154387.1A Active EP3836188B1 (en) | 2016-11-25 | 2017-11-27 | Method and device for ion implantation in wafers |
EP17804894.8A Withdrawn EP3545543A1 (en) | 2016-11-25 | 2017-11-27 | Method and device for implanting ions in wafers |
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US (3) | US11056309B2 (en) |
EP (2) | EP3836188B1 (en) |
JP (4) | JP6781895B2 (en) |
CN (2) | CN110024075B (en) |
DE (1) | DE102016122791B3 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2018096145A1 (en) |
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DE102018114667B3 (en) | 2018-06-19 | 2019-09-19 | Infineon Technologies Ag | ION BEAM MODERATOR DEVICE, ION BEAM IMPLANT APPARATUS AND ION IMPLANTATION PROCESS |
DE102019112773B4 (en) * | 2019-05-15 | 2023-11-30 | mi2-factory GmbH | Device and method for implanting particles into a substrate |
DE102019112985B4 (en) * | 2019-05-16 | 2024-07-18 | mi2-factory GmbH | Process for the production of semiconductor devices |
LU101808B1 (en) * | 2020-05-15 | 2021-11-15 | Mi2 Factory Gmbh | An ion implantation device comprising energy filter and additional heating element |
CN113163564B (en) * | 2021-04-30 | 2024-06-04 | 中国科学院电工研究所 | Electron beam processing device with static electricity eliminating function |
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2016
- 2016-11-25 DE DE102016122791.9A patent/DE102016122791B3/en active Active
-
2017
- 2017-11-27 WO PCT/EP2017/080526 patent/WO2018096145A1/en unknown
- 2017-11-27 US US16/348,800 patent/US11056309B2/en active Active
- 2017-11-27 EP EP21154387.1A patent/EP3836188B1/en active Active
- 2017-11-27 CN CN201780072678.2A patent/CN110024075B/en active Active
- 2017-11-27 JP JP2019522784A patent/JP6781895B2/en active Active
- 2017-11-27 CN CN202110780341.5A patent/CN113539770A/en active Pending
- 2017-11-27 EP EP17804894.8A patent/EP3545543A1/en not_active Withdrawn
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2020
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2021
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- 2021-11-09 JP JP2021182528A patent/JP2022020768A/en active Pending
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2023
- 2023-05-12 US US18/196,548 patent/US11929229B2/en active Active
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CN110024075B (en) | 2021-07-30 |
EP3836188A2 (en) | 2021-06-16 |
US20230282439A1 (en) | 2023-09-07 |
US11056309B2 (en) | 2021-07-06 |
WO2018096145A1 (en) | 2018-05-31 |
JP6781895B2 (en) | 2020-11-11 |
US11929229B2 (en) | 2024-03-12 |
US20190267209A1 (en) | 2019-08-29 |
JP2022020768A (en) | 2022-02-01 |
JP2020513645A (en) | 2020-05-14 |
US20210296075A1 (en) | 2021-09-23 |
JP2023153950A (en) | 2023-10-18 |
CN113539770A (en) | 2021-10-22 |
DE102016122791B3 (en) | 2018-05-30 |
EP3836188A3 (en) | 2021-11-03 |
US11705300B2 (en) | 2023-07-18 |
JP7004346B2 (en) | 2022-01-21 |
CN110024075A (en) | 2019-07-16 |
EP3836188B1 (en) | 2024-10-09 |
JP2021005564A (en) | 2021-01-14 |
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