EP3539740A1

EP3539740A1 - Improved device for processing a beam

Info

Publication number: EP3539740A1
Application number: EP19162573.0A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Gabriël De Muynck
Original assignee: Algemene Machinebouw De Muynck Nv
Current assignee: Algemene Machinebouw De Muynck Nv
Priority date: 2018-03-16
Filing date: 2019-03-13
Publication date: 2019-09-18
Anticipated expiration: 2039-03-13
Also published as: ES2880806T3; EP3539740B1; PL3539740T3; BE1025646B1

Abstract

An apparatus for machining a beam is described. The apparatus comprises a direction of passage (x) and two carriers (2, 3) spaced in the direction of passage (x). The apparatus is configured to move each carrier (2, 3) of the apparatus in the direction of passage (x). Each carrier comprises an outer frame (20, 30) and an inner ring (21, 31), wherein the inner ring (21, 31) is rotatably mounted about an axis of rotation essentially parallel to the direction of passage (x) in the outer frame (20, 30). The inner ring (21, 31) comprises a clamping mechanism (22, 23) for clamping a beam. The clamping mechanism (22, 23) comprises a clamping direction essentially perpendicular to the direction of passage (x). The apparatus comprises a machining cabinet (6) positioned between the two carriers (2, 3), wherein both carriers can be moved at least partially into the machining cabinet (6).

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

The invention relates to an apparatus for machining a beam, preferably a wooden beam.

PRIOR ART

Machines for machining elongated beams exist in the prior art in two variants: a stationary type, comprising a longitudinally movable machining device, as described in, for example, EP 1 027 952 B1 , and a passage type, comprising a displacement mechanism for the longitudinal displacement of a beam to a machining zone comprising a machining device. The passage type can be embodied with a drive pulley positioned opposite a conveyor belt, such as described in e.g. EP 1 405 693 B1 , or with a longitudinally movable clamping mechanism which engages the beam laterally and displaces it longitudinally, as described in e.g. EP 2 353 820 B1 .
With a passage type machine, a machining cabinet can be provided for shielding the machining zone from the environment. A clamping mechanism external to the machining cabinet can support the beam. However, this has the adverse effect that there may be unwanted play on the portion of the beam to be processed, e.g. due to incorrect positioning, vibration, deflection, machining forces, and the like.
The present invention aims to provide a solution for the technical problem of correctly positioning the beam in the machining cabinet.
EP 2 275 237 B1 describes a passage type machine. A machining zone of the machine comprises a base with a machining device, wherein the base (and therefore also the machining device) can be rotated around the longitudinal direction.
FR 2 578 777 B1 describes a stationary type machine with a plurality of longitudinally movable machining devices. The machine further comprises stationary carriers and longitudinally movable carriers, each comprising a rotatable ring and clamps, for laterally clamping and rotating a beam about the longitudinal axis. The stationary carriers comprise a servo control for driving the rotations. The rotatable rings of the movable carriers undergo the rotations via transfer via the beam itself.
In the machine according to FR 2 578 777 B1 , relative displacement of a machining device and the beam can take place by rotation of the beam around the longitudinal axis and translation of the machining device in the longitudinal direction. For machining devices that are difficult to move, longitudinal displacement is undesirable, e.g. due to a required calibration. For a machining device with exchangeable machining element, longitudinal displacement of the machining device is also undesirable, because of the required longitudinal displacement time to an exchange chamber with machining elements for changing the machining element.
In the machine according to EP 2 275 237 B1 , relative displacement of a machining device and the beam can take place by rotation of the machining device around the beam and translation of the beam in the longitudinal direction. In this machine, too, the rotational displacement of the machining device requires a considerable displacement time, as well as a considerable amount of required space. Moreover, the rotational displacement complicates the accurate alignment of the machining device.
The present invention aims to provide a solution to the technical problem of minimising the required machining time.
The present invention aims to provide a solution to the technical problem of accurately aligning the machining device.
The present invention aims to provide a solution to the technical problem of saving required space perpendicular to the longitudinal direction.
A rotatable ring according to FR 2 578 777 B1 is adapted for introduction of a beam in the longitudinal direction. For long beams, this requires a considerable amount of space in the longitudinal direction.
The present invention aims to provide a solution to the technical problem of saving required space in the longitudinal direction.
EP 2 801 428 B1 describes a machine for machining a beam. The beam can be engaged by two separate and independent clamping means, each capable of longitudinal displacement in the direction of, and rotational movement about an axis parallel to, the longitudinal direction of the beam. In particular, the document describes a method in which a first clamping means releases the beam, performs a rotational movement about the longitudinal axis of the beam, and engages it again in a rotated reference system.
EP 2 801 428 B1 does not describe a machining cabinet. The document therefore does not provide for the introduction of a beam into a machining cabinet. Even assuming an implicit description of a chamber or machining cabinet in this document, no implicit description can be deduced that a carrier can be both outside the machining cabinet, at least partially in the machining cabinet, and can be moved at least partially (from the outside) to in the machining cabinet. Furthermore, it is not described how a clamping means can be rotated.
DE 10 2013 214 019 B3 describes a clamping apparatus for handling workpieces. The clamping apparatus comprises a support structure rotatable about an axis of rotation and a pair of clamping elements that can be actuated in a clamping direction perpendicular to the axis of rotation towards each other. Each of the clamping elements of a pair comprises a roller comprising a roller axis perpendicular to the clamping direction and the rotational axis.
To introduce workpieces into the clamping apparatus according to DE 10 2013 214 019 B3 , a considerable amount of space is required in the longitudinal direction.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In an aspect, the present invention relates to an apparatus for machining a beam, according to claim 1.
In an aspect, the present invention relates to a carrier for handling a beam, according to claim 13.
The present invention is advantageous for various reasons. The present invention provides:

correct positioning of the beam in the machining cabinet, by being able to clamp the beam in the machining cabinet;
minimising the required machining time;
simple and accurate alignment of the machining device; and
saving space.

These benefits, as well as other benefits, are further explained in the detailed description.

DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Figures 1 a and 1b show schematic front views of two states of an embodiment of an apparatus according to the present invention.
Figures 2a, 2b , 2c , 2e , 3a and 3c show schematic side views of different states of embodiments of a carrier according to the present invention.
Figures 2d and 3b show schematic front views of embodiments of a carrier according to the present invention.
Figures 2f and 2g respectively show a schematic side view and a schematic front view of an embodiment of a clamp of a carrier according to the present invention.
Figure 4 shows a schematic top view of a state of a portion of an embodiment of an apparatus according to the present invention.
Figure 5 shows a schematic side view of a machining cabinet of an apparatus according to the present invention.
Figure 6 shows a schematic front view of a state of a portion of an embodiment of an apparatus according to the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The invention relates to an apparatus and a method for machining a beam, as well as a carrier for handling a beam. The invention was summarised in the section provided for this purpose. In the following, the invention is described in detail, preferred embodiments are explained, and the invention is illustrated by way of examples.
Unless otherwise defined, all terms used in the description of the invention, including technical and scientific terms, have the meaning as commonly understood by a person skilled in the art to which the invention pertains. For a better understanding of the description of the invention, the following terms are explained explicitly.
In this document, 'a' and 'the' refer to both the singular and the plural, unless the context presupposes otherwise. For example, 'a segment' means one or more segments.
When the term 'around' or 'about' is used in this document with a measurable quantity, a parameter, a duration or moment, and the like, then variations are meant of approx. 20% or less, preferably approx. 10% or less, more preferably approx. 5% or less, even more preferably approx. 1% or less, and even more preferably approx. 0.1% or less than and of the quoted value, insofar as such variations are applicable in the described invention. However, it must be understood that the value of a quantity used where the term 'about' or 'around' is used, is itself specifically disclosed.
The terms 'comprise', 'comprising', 'consist of', 'consisting of', 'provided with', 'have', 'having', 'include', 'including', 'contain', 'containing' are synonyms and are inclusive or open terms that indicate the presence of what follows, and which do not exclude or prevent the presence of other components, characteristics, elements, members, steps, as known from or disclosed in the prior art.
Quoting numerical intervals by endpoints includes all integers, fractions and/or real numbers between the endpoints, these endpoints included.
The present invention relates to the machining of a beam. Said beam can be a wooden beam, a plastic beam or an aluminium beam. Preferably, the beam is a wooden beam. Preferably, the beam is elongated. The beam comprises two ends and a longitudinal direction, the two ends being spaced along the longitudinal direction.
In a first aspect, the invention relates to an apparatus for machining a beam. The apparatus comprises a direction of passage and two carriers spaced in the direction of passage. The apparatus is configured to move each carrier of the apparatus in the direction of passage. Each carrier comprises a clamping mechanism for clamping a beam, the clamping mechanism comprising a clamping direction essentially perpendicular to the direction of passage.
This is advantageous because the carriers can translate the beam in the direction of passage. In this case, the longitudinal direction of the beam is preferably essentially parallel to the direction of passage.
In a preferred embodiment, the apparatus comprises a machining cabinet positioned between the two carriers, wherein both carriers can be moved at least partially into the machining cabinet.
This is advantageous because such carriers can provide clamping close to the part of the beam to be machined, and this in the machining cabinet. This clamping ensures accurate positioning of the part of the beam to be processed, e.g. to prevent vibrations. Moreover, this clamping can take place outside the machining cabinet and thus be brought into the machining cabinet. Furthermore, this is also advantageous because very short beams, i.e. with a small dimension in the longitudinal direction, can also be clamped along both sides of the part to be processed. The mechanism from this preferred embodiment must be distinguished from a system in which a clamping mechanism is positioned either in the machining cabinet or outside it. In the latter case, a part of the beam that is brought into the machining cabinet must be clamped close to the part to be machined via another clamping mechanism. In the present invention, such additional clamping may be present, but is not necessary for the desired benefit.
In a preferred embodiment, the clamping mechanisms of both carriers that are movable at least partially can be positioned into the machining cabinet at a mutual distance in the direction of passage of at most 50 cm, preferably at most 20 cm, more preferably at most 10 cm, still more preferably at most 5 cm, even more preferably at most 2 cm, and most preferably at most 1 cm.
In a preferred embodiment, the machining cabinet comprises a cabinet width in the direction of passage and the clamping mechanisms of both carriers that are movable at least partially can be positioned into the machining cabinet at a mutual distance in the direction of passage of at most 50%, preferably at most 20%, more preferably at most 10%, even more preferably at most 5%, even more preferably at most 2%, and most preferably at most 1% of the cabinet width.
In a preferred embodiment, each carrier of the apparatus is adapted to rotate the clamping mechanism about an axis of rotation essentially parallel to the direction of passage.
This is advantageous because the apparatus provides for rotation of the beam about an axis of rotation essentially parallel to its longitudinal direction. As a result, the machining devices only have to perform small movements (both in the direction of passage and perpendicular to the direction of passage). This greatly facilitates the precise alignment of the machining devices within the apparatus. This also results in a considerable saving of space, since the machining devices only require a smaller space for movement. In addition, smaller machining devices can also be used. If, for example, a hole has to be drilled through a beam, a first portion of the hole can be drilled, the beam can be rotated through 180° about the rotational axis, and then a second portion of the hole can be drilled in line with the first part of the hole. Moreover, this also saves machining time. This is because machining time can be saved by the movement of both a machining device and the beam, which allows a higher relative speed of movement.
In a preferred embodiment, the axis of rotation essentially runs through the centre of mass of the beam and the axis of rotation is essentially parallel to the longitudinal direction of the beam. This is advantageous because rotation of the beam in this case requires no net displacements of the beam in a gravitational field, and therefore energy.
In a preferred embodiment, the machining cabinet comprises a machining device and a plurality of machining elements mountable on the machining device. This is advantageous, because space can be saved, because all operations, both at the ends of the beam and between the ends, can be performed in the same machining cabinet. This is furthermore advantageous, because machining time can be saved when changing a machining element of the machining device, since the machining device is never positioned far from the replacement parts, namely never outside the machining cabinet.
A non-limitative illustrative list of machining elements includes a drill, a cutting tool, a milling cutter, a sanding brush, a sanding pad, a chip, and a saw. The machining cabinet preferably comprises a tool changer, which is preferably positioned at the top of the machining cabinet, preferably above the machining device. The tool changer preferably comprises a slider which is only opened during the change, when there is no machining, to prevent movement of wood chips from the machining zone to the slider. The machining device preferably comprises a milling arm on which machining elements can be mounted automatically. Alternatively, the machining device may comprise a tool change motor. The disadvantage of the presence of a tool change motor on the machining device is greater inertia and greater manoeuvre space required for the movements of the machining device. Preferably, the machining device is servo or frequency controlled. The machining cabinet preferably comprises an arm, the arm comprising a first end external to the machining cabinet and a second end in the machining cabinet. At the first end, the machining device comprises a drive motor, which can be coupled via a drive belt to a machining element at the second end. This is advantageous because space is saved in the machining cabinet. This is furthermore advantageous because the drive motor is shielded from chips in the machining cabinet. In an embodiment, the machining device comprises a telescopic element at the second end, preferably a telescopic cylinder, for pushing out a residual end of the beam or short-finished workpiece in the direction of passage, preferably until out of the machining cabinet, and more preferably out of a carrier which can be positioned at least partially in the machining cabinet.
An additional advantage of carriers configured for both translating (in the longitudinal direction) and rotating the beam is the smaller required size of machining elements. For example, a drill need only be half as long, since drilling is easy on both sides of the beam. A saw blade, for example, only needs to be half as large as it is possible to cut around the beam. This is furthermore also advantageous because in this way more machining elements can be placed in the same amount of space. Additionally, the present invention can provide for pointing machining elements towards the heart of the wood, which is advantageous because it prevents splintering and crumbling.
In a preferred embodiment, the apparatus comprises two groups of several carriers. The carriers of a group are in this case spaced in the direction of passage. The groups are further spaced apart in the direction of passage. The machining cabinet is positioned between the two groups. Each of the groups comprises a carrier which is movable at least partially into the machining cabinet. This is advantageous because a beam can be supported on several portions spaced in the direction of passage both before and after the machining cabinet. This allows a second beam to be positioned in a first group of multiple carriers, while a first beam is still supported by a second group of multiple carriers, and an end of the first beam is still being machined in the machining cabinet.
In a preferred embodiment, the apparatus is configured to, for a carrier, simultaneously move a carrier in the direction of passage and rotate the clamping mechanism of the carrier about the axis of rotation. This is advantageous because in this way three-dimensional operations with complex shapes can be performed on the beam, without or with only small movements of the machining device.
In a preferred embodiment, each carrier comprises an outer frame and an inner ring. The inner ring is rotatably journalled around the axis of rotation in the outer frame. The inner ring herein comprises the clamping mechanism. The axis of rotation preferably runs essentially centrally through the inner ring. The inner ring is preferably rotatably borne in the outer frame via a slide bearing; a wire race bearing; or a ball bearing.
In a preferred embodiment, a clamping mechanism comprises a stop and a clamp for clamping the beam in the clamping direction between the stop and the clamp.
In a preferred embodiment, a carrier of the apparatus comprises a second clamping mechanism. The second clamping mechanism herein comprises a stop, a clamp and a second clamping direction essentially perpendicular to the direction of passage and the clamping direction of the other clamping mechanism. This is advantageous because a beam can be clamped on four sides, which ensures a more stable clamping.
In a preferred embodiment, a carrier of the apparatus (preferably not the carrier comprising two perpendicular clamping mechanisms) is configured to introduce the beam essentially perpendicular to the direction of passage and the clamping direction between the stop and the clamp. Preferably, the outer frame and inner ring of this carrier each comprise an opening segment for introducing the beam between the stop and the clamp, essentially perpendicular to the direction of passage and the clamping direction, upon rotational alignment of both opening segments. The carrier preferably comprises a second stop which comprises a supporting surface, essentially parallel to the clamping direction. The outer frame and the inner ring can hereby be C-shaped due to the opening segment. In this embodiment, the inner ring may be rotatably supported in the outer ring via a C-shaped slide bearing; a C-shaped ball bearing with return line (ball chain bearing); a C-shaped roller bearing comprising a C-shaped circumference and a plurality of rollers distributed over the C-shaped circumference; or a combination of the foregoing. An example of a combination concerns two C-shaped slide bearings spaced in the direction of passage and a C-shaped roller bearing positioned between the two C-shaped slide bearings. Alternatively, a circular ball bearing comprising a plurality of balls and a gripper conduit comprising an opening comprising a width smaller than the diameter of the balls could be used to prevent a ball from falling out of the gripper conduit. These bearing systems are extremely advantageous because a beam can be introduced into said carrier transversely through the bearing and perpendicular to the direction of passage (and thus perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the beam). This provides a considerable space saving in the direction of passage.
The apparatus is preferably configured to tilt the inner ring of the carrier by means of rotation so that an inserted beam slides against the supporting surface of the second stop by means of gravity, in order to subsequently clamp the beam through the clamping mechanism. In this case, the apparatus is preferably configured to preposition the stops, and in particular (if present) stop rollers, on the basis of the dimensions of a beam to be introduced, so that when the beam is clamped against the supporting surface of the second stop by means of the clamping mechanism, the beam is positioned with an axis of inertia along the longitudinal direction of the beam coaxial to the axis of rotation of the inner ring.
In a preferred embodiment, the apparatus is configured to provide a clamp, preferably each clamp, of a carrier, preferably each carrier, with a dynamic clamping pressure. The dynamic clamping pressure is determined on the basis of at least one, preferably at least two, and more preferably at least three of: a length of the beam, a width of the beam, a thickness of the beam, a weight of the beam, a specific weight of the beam, a hardness of the beam, a material property of the beam, a length of a projecting part of the beam, a position of the beam between the clamping mechanism according to the direction of passage, a moment of force due to a projecting part of the beam, a rotational orientation of the clamping mechanism, an executed operation, a distance from a machining position to the carrier, a rotational speed of the clamping mechanism, and a translation speed of the carrier according to the direction of passage. Preferably, the dynamic clamping pressure is determined at least in part on the basis of a length of the beam, a rotational orientation of the clamping mechanism, a rotational speed of the clamping mechanism, a translation speed of the carrier according to the direction of passage, and optionally one or more of a width of the beam, a thickness of the beam, a weight of the beam, a specific weight of the beam, a hardness of the beam, a material property of the beam, a length of a projecting part of the beam, a position of the beam between the clamping mechanism according to the direction of passage, a moment of force through a protruding part of the beam, an executed operation, and a distance from a machining position to the carrier.
In a preferred embodiment, the machining cabinet comprises two passages spaced in the direction of passage. A passage opening of the machining cabinet comprises an opening edge which is configured for enclosing the outer frame of a carrier. A passage of the machining cabinet in particular comprises an opening edge which is configured for enclosing the outer frame of a carrier when the carrier comprises a positioning on or through the passage. The opening edge of the passage comprises in particular a shape which encloses the outer frame of the carrier when positioning a carrier on or through the passage.
In a preferred embodiment, each of the two carriers, which are movable at least partially into the machining cabinet are configured to essentially enclose a clamped beam and to seal an opening for the beam in the absence of a beam in the carrier. Each of the two carriers can comprise a clamping mechanism and a second clamping mechanism which can essentially enclose a beam on all sides. Additionally, each of the two carriers may comprise a sealing plate which is movable essentially perpendicular to the direction of passage in order to seal the beam opening in the absence of a beam in the carrier. Each of the two carriers preferably comprises at least four sealing plates, preferably each inner ring of the two carriers comprises these at least four sealing plates, each sealing plate being movable in a direction perpendicular to the direction of passage for enclosing a rectangular beam and/or for sealing said opening. Each of the two carriers preferably includes a rotatable sealing plate, wherein each of the two carriers is configured (e.g., comprises a hinged attachment) to rotate the rotatable sealing plate about an axis essentially parallel to the direction of passage for an opening for the beam. Said axis is herein preferably located above the opening for the beam, so that the sealed configuration corresponds to a minimum of potential energy in the gravitational field.
This is advantageous because when the carrier is placed in the passage, when the beam is enclosed by the clamping mechanisms and/or when the opening of the inner ring is covered with the one or more cover plates, the passage of the machining cabinet is protected from propelled material, such as e.g. wood chips and dust.
In a preferred embodiment, the machining cabinet comprises an extraction system for removed material, e.g. wood chips and dust, preferably at the bottom of the machining cabinet. Preferably, the extraction system is configured to create a vacuum or partial vacuum. As a result, with gaps and cracks that are still small, e.g. when the beam to be machined does not comprise a rectangular cross-section, air is aspirated at relatively high speed, which prevents the removed material, such as wood chips and dust, from being propelled from the machining cabinet. Because no dust or chips can escape from the closed machining cabinet, the machining cabinet provides protection against the health risks of dust, e.g. cancer caused by fine dust from e.g. oak.
Preferably, the two passages of the machining cabinet comprise an infeed passage and an outfeed passage, and the apparatus is configured to position, orient and optionally rotate a machining device so that removed material is directed away from the outfeed passage. Gaps and crevices typically occur after machining, i.e. when the beam no longer comprises a rectangular or square cross-section. On infeeding, the beam can therefore still be easily enclosed, which can no longer be the case on outfeeding. By positioning, orienting and optionally rotating a machining device in such a way that removed material, e.g. wood chips and dust, do not move to the outfeed passage, the escape of removed material is additionally prevented.
In a preferred embodiment, the machining cabinet comprises a double wall and/or sound insulation for sound damping.
In a preferred embodiment, a clamp and/or a stop comprises one or more rollers and a gripper, each of the rollers comprising a rolling axis essentially perpendicular to the direction of passage and the clamping direction, and wherein the clamp and/or stop is/are configured for displacing the gripper and the rollers relative to each other in the clamping direction. In this way, it is possible to switch between a gripping mode and a rolling on mode. This is advantageous for pushing a beam through the inner ring which comprises the clamp and/or stop. A first carrier can clamp the beam via grippers, a second carrier can clamp the beam via rollers, and the first carrier can be moved according to the direction of passage and thereby push or pull the beam through the second carrier. A gripper can comprise grooves essentially perpendicular to the direction of passage and the clamping direction.
In a preferred embodiment, the apparatus is a CNC woodworking device. Preferably, the apparatus is configured to read a file, preferably a file in BTL format, from a tangible non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, and determine a set of required operations for a beam as well as a sequence for the required operations based on the file and then execute it. The file in BTL format may comprise digital representations for a plurality of beams, windows, doors, and the like for a timber frame, e.g., a plurality of beams for a pool house. Through the computer-controlled determination of operations, beams of various shapes, dimensions, and final operations can be treated in any order without loss of time. The machine can execute all known machined forms.
In a preferred embodiment, a beam is fully supported by the carriers and the apparatus can also process curved and/or twisted beams. For apparatuses with a roller conveyor or conveyor belt according to the prior art, this is not possible because the beam cannot be squeezed straight because of too great a resistance of the beam and/or because the beam springs back when it is unclamped.
In a second aspect, the invention relates to a carrier for handling a beam. The carrier comprises a direction of passage and a clamping mechanism for clamping a beam, the clamping mechanism comprising a clamping direction essentially perpendicular to the direction of passage. The carrier is preferably adapted to rotate the clamping mechanism about an axis of rotation essentially parallel to the direction of passage. The clamping mechanism preferably comprises a stop and a clamp for clamping the beam between the stop and the clamp in the clamping direction. Preferably, the carrier is configured to provide a dynamic clamping pressure to the clamp based on at least one, preferably at least two, and more preferably at least three of: a length of the beam, a width of the beam, a thickness of the beam, a weight of the beam, a specific weight of the beam, a hardness of the beam, a material property of the beam, a length of a projecting part of the beam, a position of the beam between the clamping mechanism according to the direction of passage, a moment of force due to a projecting part of the beam, a rotational orientation of the clamping mechanism, an executed operation, a distance from a machining position to the carrier, a rotational speed of the clamping mechanism, and a translation speed of the carrier according to the direction of passage.
In a third aspect, the invention relates to a method for machining a beam. The beam comprises a longitudinal direction and two portions spaced in the longitudinal direction. The method comprises the steps of clamping the beam essentially perpendicular to the longitudinal direction to each of the two portions, and then simultaneously:

optionally translating the clamped beam essentially in the longitudinal direction;
rotating the clamped beam about an axis of rotation essentially parallel to the longitudinal direction; and
machining at least a portion of the beam, the portion of the beam positioned in the longitudinal direction between both portions.

A person skilled in the art will appreciate that the apparatus according to the first aspect is suitable for carrying out the method according to the third aspect. A person skilled in the art will also appreciate that the carrier according to the second aspect is suitable for an apparatus according to the first aspect and is also suitable for handling the beam in the method according to the third aspect. These three aspects are therefore related. Each feature described in this document can therefore relate to any of these three aspects of the invention.
Furthermore, for simple operations such as piercing, multiple beams can be inserted and machined simultaneously between the clamping mechanism.
In what follows, the invention will be described by way of non-limiting examples illustrating the invention, and which are not intended to and should not be interpreted as limiting the scope of the invention.

EXAMPLES

EXAMPLE 1 : EMBODI MENT OF AN APPARATUS

Figures 1a and 1b show schematic front views of two states of an embodiment of an apparatus according to the present invention.
The apparatus comprises a direction of passage (x), a height direction (z), and a depth direction (y).
The apparatus comprises an infeed group of carriers (1, 2) and an outfeed group of carriers (3, 4). The carriers of the infeed group are spaced in the direction of passage. The carriers of the outfeed group are spaced in the direction of passage. The infeed group and the outfeed group are spaced in the direction of passage. The apparatus comprises a rail system (5) for moving each carrier in the direction of passage. Each carrier comprises a clamping mechanism for clamping a beam, the clamping mechanism comprising a clamping direction essentially perpendicular to the direction of passage. Furthermore, each carrier is adapted to rotate the clamping mechanism about an axis of rotation essentially parallel to the direction of passage.
The apparatus also further comprises a machining cabinet (6) positioned between the infeed group of carriers and the outfeed group of carriers. The infeed group comprises a carrier (2) and the outfeed group comprises a carrier (3) which are spaced in the direction of passage and which are movable at least partially into the machining cabinet. The clamping mechanisms of both carriers, which can be moved at least partially up to into the machining cabinet, can be positioned at a mutual distance (D1) in the direction of passage of at most 10 mm.
This is advantageous because very short beams, e.g. of a few centimetres long, can be displaced between the carriers (2, 3) at least partially up to into the machining cabinet and can be fed through and machined along both ends on the inside of the machining cabinet, and after machining can be fed through the machining cabinet on the outfeed side.

EXAMPLE 2: EMBODIMENT OF A FIRST CARRIER

Figures 2a, 2b , 2c and 2e show schematic side views of different states of an embodiment of a first carrier (1) of the infeed group of the apparatus according to example 1. Figure 2d shows a schematic front view of this embodiment.
The first carrier (1) comprises a C-shaped outer frame (20) and a C-shaped inner ring (21). The inner ring (21) is rotatably mounted in the outer frame via a ball bearing (70a, 70b) comprising a return line (70b). In alternative embodiments, a C-shaped slide bearing; a C-shaped ball bearing with return line (ball chain bearing); a C-shaped roller bearing comprising a C-shaped circumference and a plurality of rollers distributed over the C-shaped circumference; or a combination of the foregoing can be used. An example of a combination concerns two C-shaped slide bearings spaced in the direction of passage and a C-shaped roller bearing positioned between the two C-shaped slide bearings. The outer frame comprises an opening segment (25) for inserting (10) a beam (28) and a retracting mechanism (27a, 27b) comprising a lower arm (27a) movable in the height direction (z) and an upper arm (27b) movable in the depth direction (y), which is slidably connected to the lower arm. Both arms extend in the depth direction (y). The inner ring (21) comprises an opening segment (26), a clamping space (29) and the clamping mechanism (22, 23) of the carrier. The clamping mechanism comprises a stop (22) and a clamp (23) for clamping the beam between the stop and the clamp. The stop and the clamp comprise a clamping direction essentially perpendicular to the direction of passage. Furthermore, the inner ring comprises a second stop (24) comprising a supporting surface essentially parallel to the clamping direction.
With rotational alignment of the opening segments (25, 26), as is the case in, for example, Figures 2a and 2b, the retraction mechanisms (27a, 27b) of the first (1) and the second (2) carrier of the infeed group can translate a beam (28) in the depth direction (y), essentially perpendicular to the direction of passage and the clamping direction, up to through the clamping space (29) of the first carrier (1), the zero point being set for further machining. The inner ring (21) can then rotate, the beam automatically sliding against the stops (22, 24) due to gravity. During the rotation of the inner ring, the beam can be clamped via the clamping mechanism of the first carrier (1).
The stops (22, 24) and the clamp (23) are preferably controlled such that the centre of the cross section of the beam perpendicular to the longitudinal direction coincides with the axis of rotation determined by the inner ring. The clamping pressure is determined at least in part based on a length of the beam, a rotational orientation of the clamping mechanism, a rotational speed of the clamping mechanism, and a translation speed of the carrier in the direction of passage.
Figure 2d shows a detail representation of stop (24) which is spaced from the infeed passage (26) of the inner ring through the clamping space (29), i.e. the stop (24) is diametrically opposite the infeed passage (26). This stop (24) comprises a frame (80) comprising a plurality of ball bearings, rollers or wheels (81) and a receiving roller (82) which can rotate about axes of rotation essentially parallel to the clamping direction of the clamping mechanism (22, 23). The stop comprises a support element (83) to which the receiving roller is attached laterally and rotatably. The support element (83) is attached to the frame (80) of this stop (24). The frame comprises a width in the clamping direction of the clamping mechanism (22, 23) which is preferably at most 5 cm, so that thin beams (in the clamping direction) can also be clamped. The receiving roller (82) is positioned outside the inner ring, and more particularly outside the ball bearing, in the feed direction (x) at a position corresponding to the retraction mechanism (27a, 27b).
The outer frame of the first carrier comprises, see e.g. Figure 2d , a slide-in part (13) and a capsule portion (14) which are spaced in the direction of passage. The slide-in part is directed towards the machining cabinet, i.e. the slide-in part is closer to the machining cabinet than the capsule portion.

EXAMPLE 3: EMBODIMENT OF A SECOND CARRIER

Figure 3a shows a schematic side view of an embodiment of a second carrier (2) of the infeed group of the apparatus according to example 1. Figure 3b shows a schematic front view of this embodiment. Figure 3c shows a schematic side view of this embodiment, from a side opposite to the side according to the side view according to Figure 3a. The second carrier (2) can at least partially be translated into the machining cabinet via the rail system (5).
The outer frame (30) of the second carrier comprises a partial opening segment (15), i.e. an opening segment (15) partially extending over the outer frame (30) in the direction of passage (x). The inner ring (31) of the second carrier does not comprise an opening segment. The second carrier comprises a wire race bearing with which the inner ring (31) is rotatably mounted in the outer frame (30), instead of the ball bearing with return line of the first carrier. The outer frame (30) does comprise a retraction mechanism (27a, 27b) as with the first carrier. The inner ring (31) comprises a first clamping mechanism (22, 23) as with the first carrier, but also a second clamping mechanism comprising a stop (24) and a clamp (34) which comprise a second clamping direction essentially perpendicular to the clamping direction of the first include clamping mechanism. The stop (24) also comprises a receiving roller (82), as described in example 2. The inner ring (31) also comprises a clamping space (69) for passage of a beam. The first clamping mechanism comprises a pair of infeed rollers (38, 39) comprising a rolling axis essentially perpendicular to the direction of passage and the clamping direction. The infeed rollers (38, 39) are co-actuated in the clamping direction with the first clamping mechanism (22, 23). The infeed rollers (38, 39) are positioned in the direction of passage (x) such that they do not interfere with the receiving roller (82) when clamping thin beams. The infeed rollers (38, 39) are preferably positioned in the direction of passage (x) between the inner ring (31) and the receiving roller (82). The partial opening segment (15) is configured for translation of a beam (28) in the transverse direction (y) via the retracting mechanism (27a, 27b) up to the infeed roller (39). The partial opening segment (15) therefore extends in the direction of passage (x) from the side of the second carrier (2) facing the first carrier (1) up to at least the infeed rollers (38, 39), preferably beyond the infeed rollers (38, 39), and more preferably up to the inner ring (31). This provides support for a fed in beam (28) when removing the retracting mechanism (27a, 27b) from the beam.
The second carrier (2) further comprises a set of sealing plates (66, 67a, 67b, 68a, 68b) for sealing the clamping space (69) in the absence of a beam through this clamping space and for tightly enclosing a beam in the presence of a beam through the clamping space. The set includes five sealing plates. A first pair of sealing plates (67a, 67b) can be moved relative to each other in the clamping direction of the first clamping mechanism. A second pair of sealing plates (68a, 68b) can be moved relative to each other in the clamping direction of the second clamping mechanism. A fifth sealing plate comprises a hinged attachment for sealing the clamping space through a rotating movement around the hinged attachment in the absence of a beam through the clamping space of the second carrier. The first and the second pair are configured to create a rectangular enclosure of a beam through the clamping space (69) of the inner ring of the second carrier (2).
As illustrated in Figure 1b, the slide-in portion (13) of the second carrier (2) can be introduced at least partially into the machining cabinet. Furthermore, the slide-in portion (13) of the first carrier (1) can be introduced at least partially into the capsule portion (14) of the second carrier (2).

EXAMPLE 4: I NFEEDI NG OF A BEAM

Figure 4 shows a schematic top view of a state of a portion of an embodiment of an apparatus according to the present invention.
The opening segments of the outer frame and the inner ring can be rotationally aligned. In this case, both opening segments can form a joint infeed passage (10) in the depth direction (y) of the apparatus. The retracting mechanisms (27a, 27b) of the first (1) and the second carrier (2) can translate a beam (28) in the depth direction (y) until it is between the stop (22) and the clamp (23) of the first carrier (1) as well as between the infeed rollers (38, 39) of the second carrier (2). The beam can then be clamped via the clamping mechanism of the first carrier (1) and between the infeed rollers (38, 39) of the second carrier (2). By translating the first carrier (1) in the direction of passage (x) to the second carrier, the beam (28) is passed between the infeed rollers (38, 39) and rollers (102) of the clamping mechanisms of the second carrier. Once carried through, the beam can also be clamped in the second carrier via a gripper (103). The beam may, upon introduction, protrude significantly along the capsule portion (14) of the first carrier (1), which is directed away from the second carrier (2) and from the machining cabinet (6). The apparatus according to the present invention is therefore able to feed in and machine beams that are substantially longer than the maximum spacing of the first carrier (1) and the second carrier (2) in the direction of passage. The apparatus is preferably configured to feed in beams with a length in the direction of passage equal to 195% of the maximum spacing of the first carrier (1) and the second carrier (2).
By joint or separate translation of the first and second carriers (1, 2) in to the direction of passage, one end of the beam can be translated up to into the machining cabinet. By clamping the beam between the rollers of the second carrier (2) and translation of the first carrier, the precise positioning of the end of the beam in the machining cabinet can be achieved. This end can be machined. During machining, the beam can both translate in the direction of passage and rotate around the axis of rotation.

EXAMPLE 5: EMBODIMENT OF A THIRD AND FOURTH CARRIER

The fifth example relates to an apparatus according to any of the preceding examples, wherein the third and fourth carriers each comprise a slide-in portion facing the machining cabinet and a capsule portion. The third carrier (3) comprises an inner ring with a first and a second clamping mechanism, just like the second carrier (2). The fourth carrier (4) comprises an outer frame and an inner ring comprising an opening segment for outfeed (12) of a beam, in analogy with the first carrier (1). The third carrier (3) comprises an outer frame comprising an opening segment (16) partially extending over the outer frame in the direction of passage (x). Preferably, the carriers of the outfeed group (3, 4) do not include a retracting mechanism (27a, 27b). Preferably the fourth carrier (4) further comprises a pushing-out element for pushing out a beam along the opening segments of the fourth carrier (4) in the depth direction (y). The opening segments (15, 16) can be configured for horizontal outfeeding of a beam. Alternatively, and preferably, the opening segments (15, 16) comprise an angle with the horizontal plane so that a beam can slide out of the third (3) and fourth (4) carrier by means of gravity.

EXAMPLE 6: EMBODIMENT OF A CLAMP

Figures 2f and 2g respectively show a schematic side view (in the direction of passage) and a schematic front view (perpendicular to the direction of passage) of an embodiment of a clamp of a carrier of an apparatus according to any of the preceding examples.
The clamp (23) comprises a main cylinder (100) for displacing a supporting element (105) in relation to the inner ring (21, 31) in the clamping direction. The supporting element (105) comprises two rollers (102) comprising a rolling axis essentially perpendicular to the direction of passage and the clamping direction. The supporting element may comprise a third infeed roller (38, 39) for feeding in a beam through the clamping space (69). The supporting element further comprises a gripper (104) which is connected to the carrier element via one or more ancillary cylinders (101). Via the ancillary cylinders the gripper can be moved in the clamping direction relative to the supporting element, and therefore also relative to the rollers. The clamp herein comprises a gripping mode and a rolling on mode depending on the relative position of the gripper and the supporting element. The gripper comprises a first arm (103) positioned between the two rollers and a second arm on the slide-in portion (13) of the carrier. The gripper comprises a first arm (103) positioned between the two rollers and a second arm on the side of the carrier facing the machining cabinet. The first and second arms are connected via one or more bridge elements (104) over the rollers. Each of the first and second arms comprises a plurality of grooves essentially perpendicular to the direction of passage and the clamping direction for preventing relative movement of the beam in gripping mode. The second arm on the side of the machining cabinet is advantageous for accurately clamping a beam close to the machining element. The second arm is furthermore advantageous for clamping and machining short beams, i.e. beams with a small dimension in the direction of passage of the apparatus / longitudinal direction of the beam. Preferably, at least the carriers (2, 3) which are at least partially movable into the machining cabinet comprise a clamp as described in this example, which also allows internal machining of a short beam along the rear side.

EXAMPLE 7: EMBODIMENT OF A MACHINING CABINET

Figure 5 shows a schematic side view of a machining cabinet (6) of an apparatus according to any of the preceding examples. Figure 6 shows a schematic front view of a state of a portion of the apparatus according to any of the preceding examples.
The machining cabinet comprises two side faces essentially parallel to the height direction (z) and the depth direction (y). Each side surface comprises a passage. The passages allow the second carrier (2) and the third carrier (3) to come a few mm apart in the machining cabinet, which allows the passing of short beams and the internal machining of both ends of beams. Each passage includes an opening edge (54) configured to enclose the outer frame (30) of a carrier (2, 3). The side faces of the machining cabinet further comprise an extraction opening (57) below the passage, preferably one or two extraction openings below the passage. This is advantageous for the extraction of removed material, such as for example wood chips and dust, and the creation of an underpressure in the machining cabinet whereby air is drawn in through remaining cracks or gaps in the event of incomplete closure of the machining cabinet or enclosure of the beam. The amount of air drawn in can be controlled via a plurality of sealable openings (56) in each of the two side faces positioned above the passage opening. The machining cabinet can furthermore comprise a conveyor belt (60) and a door (59) for discharging wood pieces, such as, for example, a sawn-off end of a beam. The door is preferably located at the front of the machining cabinet. During machining, the conveyor belt is preferably stationary, and the door is preferably closed. Wood pieces are preferably removed after machining or during a tool change.
The machining cabinet also comprises a machining device comprising an arm (51) essentially parallel to the depth direction (y) and comprising a first and a second end. At the first end of the arm, the machining device comprises a frequency-controlled or servo-controlled drive motor (52), preferably positioned externally to the machining cabinet. At the second end of the arm, the machining device comprises an exchangeable machining element (53a). The machining device comprises a drive belt for driving the machining element via the drive motor. The arm can translate in the height direction (z) via a rail system (50) provided for this, preferably a double rail system. The arm can also translate in the depth direction (y). Furthermore, the arm can also rotate about an axis essentially parallel to the depth direction (y). The relative movements of the machining element and the beam therefore include:

rotation of the beam about the axis of rotation essentially parallel to the longitudinal direction of the beam / direction of passage (x) of the apparatus;
translation of the beam essentially in the longitudinal direction of the beam / direction of passage (x) of the apparatus;
translation of the machining element essentially parallel to the depth direction (y);
translation of the machining element essentially parallel to the height direction (z); and
rotation of the machining element about an axis essentially parallel to the depth direction (y).

In addition, the device comprising the carriers (1, 2, 3, 4) and the machining device can perform a number or all these movements simultaneously, depending on the needs of the machining. Consequently, there is no single operation that cannot be performed with the apparatus, with the necessary programming.
The machining cabinet also comprises a changing compartment comprising machining elements (53b, 53c) which can be automatically mounted on the second end of the arm from the tool changer. The second end of the arm can, for example, be a receiving element (German: Holzschaftkegel) from Ott-Jakob. The machining cabinet (6) may comprise a changing compartment comprising a rotatable disc (55) comprising these machining elements (53b, 53c). The second end may further comprise a tool changer motor. Additionally, or alternatively, the changing compartment may comprise a tool changer motor.
The machining cabinet may further comprise a protective surface (58), such as, for example, a protective blanket, positioned between the machining element mounted on the arm and the rear of the machining cabinet, through which the arm runs, for shielding the rail system (50) and the drive motor (52) from flying chips.
The almost completely closable machining cabinet in conjunction with the created underpressure and external extraction ensures essentially complete extraction of chips and carcinogenic dust.

EXAMPLE 8: CONTROL OF THE STOPS

This example relates to the control of the stops of a group of carriers of an apparatus according to any of the preceding examples.
Each group of carriers (infeed group, outfeed group) may comprise a common adjusting motor for controlling the four stops (22, 24) of both carriers (1, 2) of the group. This adjusting motor is preferably positioned at the rear of the outer frame of the carrier (2) which can be moved at least partially into the machining cabinet. Each of the stops comprises an adjustable screw element for adjusting the position of the stops. By appropriate rotation of the inner rings and/or introducing the slide-in part (13) of the other carrier (first or fourth carrier) into the capsule portion (14) of the carrier (second or third carrier) which can be moved at least partially into the machining cabinet, each screw element can be presented and connected to the adjusting motor.

Claims

A apparatus for machining a beam, the apparatus comprising a direction of passage (x) and two carriers (2, 3) spaced in the direction of passage, wherein the apparatus is configured to move each carrier in the direction of passage, wherein each carrier comprises an outer frame (20, 30) and an inner ring (21, 31), wherein the inner ring is rotatably mounted about an axis of rotation essentially parallel to the direction of passage in the outer frame, wherein the inner ring comprises a clamping mechanism (22, 23) for clamping a beam, in which the clamping mechanism comprises a clamping direction essentially perpendicular to the direction of passage, in which the apparatus comprises a machining cabinet (6) positioned between the two carriers (2, 3), in which both carriers are movable at least partially into the machining cabinet.
An apparatus according to preceding claim 1, wherein the machining cabinet (6) comprises two passage openings spaced in the direction of passage, wherein a passage opening of the machining cabinet comprises an opening edge (54) configured to enclose the outer frame (30) of a carrier (2).
An apparatus according to any of the preceding claims, wherein each of the two carriers (2, 3) which are movable at least partially into the machining cabinet are configured (66, 67a, 67b, 68a, 68b) to enclose a clamped beam essentially on all sides and to seal an opening for the beam in the absence of a beam in the carrier.
An apparatus according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the apparatus comprises two groups (1, 2; 3, 4) of several carriers, wherein the carriers of a group (1, 2) are spaced in the direction of passage (x), wherein the groups are spaced in the direction of passage, wherein the machining cabinet (6) is positioned between the two groups, and wherein each group comprises a carrier (2, 3) which is movable at least partially into the machining cabinet (6).
An apparatus according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the apparatus is configured, for a carrier, for simultaneously:
- moving the carrier in the direction of passage; and

- rotating the clamping mechanism of the carrier about the axis of rotation.
An apparatus according to any of the preceding claims, wherein a clamping mechanism comprises a stop (22) and a clamp (23) for clamping the beam between the stop and the clamp in the clamping direction.
An apparatus according to preceding claim 6, wherein a carrier of the apparatus comprises a second clamping mechanism, the second clamping mechanism comprising a stop (24), a clamp (34) and a second clamping direction essentially perpendicular to the direction of passage and the clamping direction of the other clamping mechanism.
An apparatus according to any of the preceding claims 6 and 7, wherein a clamp and/or stop of a clamping mechanism comprises a gripper and one or more rollers, wherein each of the rollers comprises a rolling axis essentially perpendicular to the direction of passage and the clamping direction of the clamping mechanism, and wherein the clamp and/or stop is configured for displacing the gripper and the rollers relative to each other in the clamping direction.
An apparatus according to preceding claim 6, wherein a carrier (1) of the apparatus is configured for inserting the beam between the stop (22) and the clamp (23) essentially perpendicular to the direction of passage and the clamping direction.
An apparatus according to the preceding claim 9, wherein the outer frame (20) and the inner ring (21) of said carrier (1) each comprise an opening segment (25, 26) for inserting the beam (28) essentially perpendicular to the direction of passage and the clamping direction between the stop (22) and the clamp (23) at rotational alignment of both opening segments, preferably the carrier further comprising a second stop (24) comprising a supporting surface essentially parallel to the clamping direction.
An apparatus according to any of the preceding claims 6 to 10, wherein the apparatus is configured to provide a clamp of a carrier with a dynamic clamping pressure determined on the basis of at least one, preferably at least two, and more preferably at least three of: a length of the beam, a width of the beam, a thickness of the beam, a weight of the beam, a specific weight of the beam, a hardness of the beam, a material property of the beam, a length of a projecting part of the beam, a position of the beam between the clamping mechanism according to the direction of passage, a moment of force due to a projecting part of the beam, a rotational orientation of the clamping mechanism, an executed operation, a distance from a machining position to the carrier, a rotational speed of the clamping mechanism, and a translation speed of the carrier according to the direction of passage.
An apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the clamping mechanisms of both carriers which are movable at least partially into the machining cabinet can be positioned at a mutual distance (D1) in the direction of passage of at most 50 cm, preferably at most 20 cm, more preferably at most 10 cm, even more preferably at most 5 cm, even more preferably at most 2 cm, and most preferably at most 1 cm.
A carrier for handling a beam, the carrier comprising a direction of passage (x), an outer frame (20, 30) and an inner ring (21, 31), wherein the inner ring is mounted rotatably about an axis of rotation essentially parallel to the direction of passage (x) in the outer frame, in which the inner ring comprises a clamping mechanism (22, 23) for clamping a beam, wherein the clamping mechanism comprises a clamping direction essentially perpendicular to the direction of passage.
A carrier according to preceding claim 13, wherein the carrier is configured (66, 67a, 67b, 68a, 68b) to enclose a clamped beam essentially on all sides and to seal an opening for the beam in the absence of a beam in the carrier.
A carrier according to any of the preceding claims 13 and 14, wherein the clamping mechanism comprises a stop (22) and a clamp (23) for clamping the beam between the stop and the clamp in the clamping direction, preferably wherein the carrier is configured to supply the clamp with a dynamic clamping pressure determined on the basis of at least one, preferably at least two, and more preferably at least three of: a length of the beam, a width of the beam, a thickness of the beam, a weight of the beam, a specific weight of the beam, a hardness of the beam, a material property of the beam, a length of a projecting part of the beam, a position of the beam between the clamping mechanism according to the direction of passage, a moment of force due to a projecting part of the beam, a rotational orientation of the clamping mechanism, an executed operation, a distance from a machining position to the carrier, a rotational speed of the clamping mechanism, and a translation speed of the carrier according to the direction of passage.