EP3538818A1 - Temperaturabhängiger schaltmechanismus und dessen verwendung - Google Patents
Temperaturabhängiger schaltmechanismus und dessen verwendungInfo
- Publication number
- EP3538818A1 EP3538818A1 EP17797335.1A EP17797335A EP3538818A1 EP 3538818 A1 EP3538818 A1 EP 3538818A1 EP 17797335 A EP17797335 A EP 17797335A EP 3538818 A1 EP3538818 A1 EP 3538818A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- switching
- temperature
- phase change
- actuator
- phase
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F13/00—Details common to, or for air-conditioning, air-humidification, ventilation or use of air currents for screening
- F24F13/08—Air-flow control members, e.g. louvres, grilles, flaps or guide plates
- F24F13/10—Air-flow control members, e.g. louvres, grilles, flaps or guide plates movable, e.g. dampers
- F24F13/12—Air-flow control members, e.g. louvres, grilles, flaps or guide plates movable, e.g. dampers built up of sliding members
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F7/00—Ventilation
- F24F2007/004—Natural ventilation using convection
Definitions
- the invention relates to a temperature-dependent switching mechanism with an actuator and a transmission mechanism, wherein the transmission mechanism is set up by means of a switchable by the actuator switching force to effect a switching between two switching states.
- the invention relates to its use in an air conditioning system.
- Temperature dependent switching mechanisms are e.g.
- This Used to cool a building from the outside air on a cool summer night. This can be used as a ventilation system running air, for which electrical auxiliary power for the operation of fans and their
- openings are used in the building envelope of the building, which are also electrically or manually switched, i. opened or closed, e.g. to keep little heat in the building during summer days and to lose little heat on winter nights.
- WO2014 / 114563 discloses a generic
- Façade element with switchable heat transfer coefficient (U value).
- an actuator e.g. an electrical
- Power supply and a controller must be networked.
- Object of the present invention is to provide a
- the actuator of a generic switching mechanism has a container containing a phase change material (PCM).
- PCM phase change material
- the switching force is applied by a change in volume of the phase change material in a temperature change phase change between two phase states of the phase change material.
- the PCM is according to the desired temperature at which the Phase change, eg from a solid to a liquid state or vice versa, should occur to select to allow switching at this temperature.
- the PCM is stored in the container with a sufficient connection to this temperature, eg the outside temperature outside a building.
- the transmission mechanism serves as
- the switching mechanism e.g. an electric auxiliary power switching opening (self-switching opening) for cooling and heating a building by ambient air can be realized.
- the switching mechanism may comprise a thermally switching PCM element, e.g. takes a different shift position in winter than in summer. Switching to cryogenic and high temperature phases, e.g. Winter-summer, can also be used for mechanisms that do not include openings, e.g. for aligning PV modules, solar sails of satellites and / or for
- the switching mechanism according to the invention requires no auxiliary power for switching.
- the switching takes place by recording and / or release of energy from the ambient heat and / or to the ambient heat.
- Self-sufficiency facilitates e.g. the installation in a facade and thus a building process of a building and the use of the opening.
- a self-switching opening according to the invention can be used, for example, in engine rooms, cars, emergency tents, military facilities, in space travel and / or in warehouses.
- the switching mechanism according to the invention is particularly suitable for use in areas where little electrical auxiliary energy is available. For example, in a car that has been parked in the sun for several weeks, it is best to use no energy from the car battery for air conditioning to enable daily switching or ventilation of a ventilation opening.
- a military facility may need to be self-sufficient for many months, but may not use a highly visible PV module. In space travel may not have enough energy for a daily moving awnings available.
- the price, simplicity and robustness can be as well
- the volume change of the phase change material has a temperature-dependent hysteresis, such that the phase change from a first to a second of the phase states at a different temperature than the phase change from the second to the first phase state.
- the PCM can melt at 28 ° C, ie with the first hot summer days and at 3 ° C
- the phase change material includes paraffin in some embodiments of the invention. Paraffins are available in a wide range of hysteresis at phase transitions. Furthermore, paraffins have a high heat capacity, which further supports seasonal switching of the switching mechanism.
- the container has a storage vessel and a riser. The volume change of the PCM during the phase transition can thus be translated into a large fluid level change in the riser and thus into a large switching path.
- a temperature-dependent switching actuator element is provided, wherein the switching force of the actuator for switching between the
- Switching states and the actuator element are designed as a series circuit. In this way, add the switching paths of the actuator and the actuator element, making the switching mechanism for a variety of applications flexible
- a mechanical device which has at least two different positions, i. Switching states, the position being dependent on an external temperature which varies cyclically, i. e.g. the year-round daily temperature change, taking for the
- Position of the average over several cycles e.g. seasonal average of the temperature, and / or the extreme values of the cycles, e.g. daily highs of temperature, are crucial.
- the actuator element can be structurally simple designed as part of the transmission mechanism.
- the actuator element has a lever made of a bimetal.
- the actuator element may comprise a vessel containing a further phase change material, wherein the vessel is floating on the phase change material of the
- the additional phase change material can in particular lead to a daily switching between the switching states, if it has a smaller hysteresis than the phase change material of the actuator.
- the PCM with low hysteresis numerous other materials with temperature-dependent volume can be used
- the series connection of the actuator and the actuator element can be simplified in various variants, for example, a bimetal with thermal connection to an outer surface, e.g. a building under which the PCM is mounted with a float containing vessel of the PCM module, so that the vessel is moved by the bimetal due to temperature.
- a robust and simple power transmission of the switching force can be achieved if the transmission mechanism, a rack with a gear and / or a slider
- the switching mechanism according to the invention is suitable
- Fluid throughflow opening wherein the fluid flow opening is arranged to be opened and / or closed when switching between the switching states (self-switching opening).
- the fluid flow opening can be designed as a ventilation opening in the simplest case. But it can also be switched, for example, an opening for the passage of a gas or a liquid in a circuit for a convection roller.
- the actuator element is advantageously set up for daily switching and the phase change material in such a way
- a ventilation opening in a building envelope can thus be automatically opened and closed in such a way that heat is dissipated to the outside on a summer night, heat is conducted from outside to inside on winter day and well insulated from each other inside and outside on summer days and winter nights.
- An air conditioning system according to the invention is particularly well suited for use in a
- Building envelope e.g. a facade, and / or for ventilation of a solar module.
- Many facades of buildings are designed with a rear ventilation level.
- a solar module installed on a ventilated building envelope e.g. a PV module and / or a solar thermal collector, it is advantageous if the rear ventilation in summer
- temperature-dependent self-switching switching mechanism can be achieved.
- the switching mechanism needed to do so can be achieved.
- an additional actuator element e.g. with a bimetal, can be dispensed with, so that the
- Self-switching opening with a temperature-dependent switching mechanism according to the invention with a, a rack having transmission mechanism, in different switching states.
- Fig. 2 is a schematic sectional view of a self-switching
- Fig. 3 is a schematic sectional view of one as a PCM
- Fig. 4 is a schematic sectional view of a, as a
- FIG. 7 is a schematic sectional view of an air conditioner with self-switching openings, the one
- the openings are formed as passages in ventilation channels, as they are e.g. can be present as a fluid flow opening 3 for a convection roll in an inventively designed air conditioning.
- the temperature-dependent switching mechanism 1 is provided with an actuator 4 and a transmission mechanism 5
- the actuator 4 has a phase change material 6
- the switching force is applied by a change in volume of the phase change material 6 at a temperature change phase change between two phase states of the phase change material 6.
- the transmission mechanism 5 has one each
- Switching states and the actuator element 9 are designed as a series circuit. That is, the switching paths of the actuator 4 and the actuator element 9 add up. In this way, an opening can be realized which can open and close depending on a varying external temperature, wherein the switching behavior depends on phases with low average external temperatures and / or high mean external temperatures. In addition to the heat from this external environment, no additional energy, such as electrical or pneumatic energy, for applying the switching force, so switching, needed.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view of a self-switching opening with a temperature-dependent switching mechanism 1 according to the invention with a rack 11 having a transmission mechanism 5 shown in different switching states.
- the rack 11 engages in a gear 12, on which a made of a bimetal lever 14 is attached as an actuator element 9.
- the lever 14 in turn acts on an angle forming slide (closure) 15, by means of which displacement the fluid flow opening 3 can be opened in a first switching state and closed in a second switching state.
- the rack 11 is on a float 17th
- FIG. 1 shows the switching mechanism 1 in one
- the phase change material 6 is liquid, while it is solid in winter. When it is liquid, it has a larger volume than in the solid state.
- the volume change is 5% to 15%. Suitable paraffins have a heat capacity in the range of 180-300 kJ / kg.
- the float 17 on the PCM 6 therefore has a higher position than in winter. In the high position, the bimetal is turned over the rack 11 and the gear 12 so far that it holds the shutter 15 at the top and the opening is open.
- Figure lb is a switching state during a summer day
- the bimetal, or the lever 14 is curved due to the often high temperature on summer days, whereby the closure is closed.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic sectional view of a
- Switch mechanism 1 shown wherein the transmission mechanism 5, in addition to the embodiment of Figures 1, a cable 20, by means of which the shutter 15 can be opened and closed.
- the transmission mechanism 5 in addition to the embodiment of Figures 1, a cable 20, by means of which the shutter 15 can be opened and closed.
- the cable 20 has a rope 21, which has a
- Deflection 22 is guided and fixed at one end to the closure 15. On the other end, the effect
- FIG. 3 is a schematic sectional view of a storage vessel 30 with riser pipe 31 containing a PCM 6
- (Riser) trained container 7 a illustrated temperature-dependent switching mechanism according to the invention. If the horizontal cross section of the frozen PCM 6 is significantly greater than the horizontal cross section of the riser 31, in which the float 17 can move, the path change of the float 17 increases accordingly. In the figure, a container 7 with frozen PCM 6 and a corresponding deep in the riser 31 floats 17 is shown.
- FIG. 4 shows a schematic sectional view of a self-switching opening, embodied as an air feedthrough between an interior (inside) 40 and the outside air (outside) 41, with an embodiment of an inventive device
- Temperature-dependent switching mechanism 1 shown in Figures 1 may also allow for air exchange between inside 40 and outside 41, instead of e.g. to switch a convection roller within a partition. As a result, a greater cooling in the summer night can be achieved, but it must be a suitable handling of pollution and
- filters and / or mufflers can be installed in the fluid flow opening.
- FIG. 5a to 5d is a schematic sectional view of a self-switching opening with a temperature-dependent switching mechanism 1 according to the invention with a slider 50 having a transmission mechanism 5 in
- Actuator element 9 which is connected in series with the switching force of the actuator 4 and a further phase change material 52 containing vessel 53 has.
- the vessel 53 is
- the shutter 15 of Fluid throughflow opening 3 is designed as a slide, wherein the closure 15 has an opening 57 which when switching between the switching states in
- the fluid flow opening 3 is free, whereas the fluid flow opening 3 is covered in the closed case of the shutter 15 in an opening 57 not containing area.
- phase change materials with very different melting temperatures and freezing temperatures.
- PCMs with very small hystereses, so they the
- FIG. 5a shows the switching state of the switching mechanism 1 at a
- FIG. 5c shows the switching state of the switching mechanism 1 on a winter day and Figure 5d in a winter night.
- the further PCM 52 between two floats 55 wherein one of the two floats is formed as the vessel 53 containing the further PCM 52, is selected such that it has a greater hysteresis than the PCM 6 in the container 7.
- the other PCM 52 thus has a large volume in summer and a small volume in winter, since its phase change occurs only seasonally and not daily.
- the lower PCM 6 has a smaller temperature dependent
- Hysteresis in terms of its volume change, so that it goes through a phase change every day and thus can bring about a switching process daily.
- FIG. 6a to 6d is a schematic sectional view of a self-switching opening with a temperature-dependent switching mechanism 1 according to the invention with one, a lengthened by a slider 60 rack 11th
- the switching mechanism 1 shown here according to the switching mechanism 1 of Figures 5 has a configuration with two
- phase change materials 6, 52 The difference from the embodiment in Figures 5 is the design of the shutter 15 to be switched of the fluid flow opening 3.
- the shutter 15 does not need to be such as e.g. 5 linearly displaced in the figures, but can, as shown, also opened in rotation or
- FIG. 6a shows the switching state of the switching mechanism 1 in one
- FIG. 6c shows the
- FIG. 7 is a schematic sectional view of a
- temperature-dependent switching mechanisms 1 can e.g. in the illustration of the air conditioner 70 as a self-closing opening at the bottom corner of the representation, which adjoins the outer region 41 may be used.
- Ambient heat can be used for example in a building envelope so that in the open case an exchange of air between inside and outside can take place. See, for example, Figure 4.
- the self-switching opening can also, as shown here, within a partition, such as a building envelope, between 40 and 41 outside inserted be in the open case, as shown on the right, via a convection roll to allow a high U-value and in the closed case, as shown on the left, to allow a low U-value by blocking the
- the fluid forming the convection roll may be air, another gas or gas mixture, but also a liquid, e.g. Water and / or glycol.
- the partition shown has a body 75 made of an insulating material and has around this body 75 in a closed circuit around channels 71, each with a fluid layer 81,82 in front of and behind the insulating material and
- the convection roller is prevented in the channel system through the switchable openings, i. these are closed while on a summer night the
- the switching mechanism with a bimetal as an actuator element connected in series with the PCM relies on the function of switching that the bimetal switches daily in a small temperature range and the PCM only on a daily basis.
- PCM can have a large hysteresis, as shown schematically in the figure. For example, it can melt at 28 ° C (melting temperature TS), ie with the first hot summer days and freeze at 3 ° C (freezing temperature TG), ie with the first cold autumn nights. to
- the switching behavior also depends on the thermal resistance between the bimetal and the ambient temperature and the thermal resistance between the PCM and the
- Outer surface e.g. the air conditioning, and the thermally switching materials, e.g. the PCM and the bimetal, conceivable.
- the heat transfer can e.g. through direct
- bimetallic actuator element and separate bimetallic strip for a circuit in the summer (summer mechanism) and in winter (winter mechanism) may be provided.
- the bimetals of the bimetallic strip can look out for the summer and winter temperatures
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Thermally Actuated Switches (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102016222248.1A DE102016222248A1 (de) | 2016-11-14 | 2016-11-14 | Temperaturabhängiger Schaltmechanismus und dessen Verwendung |
| PCT/EP2017/078875 WO2018087283A1 (de) | 2016-11-14 | 2017-11-10 | Temperaturabhängiger schaltmechanismus und dessen verwendung |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3538818A1 true EP3538818A1 (de) | 2019-09-18 |
Family
ID=60302120
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP17797335.1A Withdrawn EP3538818A1 (de) | 2016-11-14 | 2017-11-10 | Temperaturabhängiger schaltmechanismus und dessen verwendung |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP3538818A1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102016222248A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2018087283A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SK9390Y1 (sk) | 2021-05-13 | 2021-12-07 | Systemair Production a.s. | Vzduchotechnická stropná výustka s tepelným riadením režimov |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4281708A (en) * | 1979-05-30 | 1981-08-04 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration | Automatic thermal switch |
| GB2200443B (en) * | 1986-09-30 | 1990-06-20 | Ventline Mfg | Terminal air outlet devices |
| US6532952B1 (en) * | 2000-08-21 | 2003-03-18 | William Kreamer | Heating and cooling solar system control module |
| DE10250604A1 (de) * | 2002-10-30 | 2004-05-19 | Tyco Electronics Amp Gmbh | Integriertes Schaltungssystem mit Latentwärmespeichermodul |
| CN102592883B (zh) * | 2011-01-07 | 2014-06-11 | 中国科学院理化技术研究所 | 一种基于低熔点金属相变体积变化效应的温度开关 |
| KR101337575B1 (ko) * | 2012-05-24 | 2013-12-16 | 한국생산기술연구원 | 온도감지유닛을 이용한 동파방지밸브 |
| KR20150109452A (ko) | 2013-01-22 | 2015-10-01 | 바스프 에스이 | 제어 가능한 열전달 계수를 갖는 구조적 요소 |
-
2016
- 2016-11-14 DE DE102016222248.1A patent/DE102016222248A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2017
- 2017-11-10 EP EP17797335.1A patent/EP3538818A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2017-11-10 WO PCT/EP2017/078875 patent/WO2018087283A1/de not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE102016222248A1 (de) | 2018-05-17 |
| WO2018087283A1 (de) | 2018-05-17 |
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