EP3533738A2 - Brake for printed sheets - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for decelerating a transported and flat formed product, wherein the device as a by air jet (400) operable brake (100) is operable by an air jet nozzle (110) supplied air jet (400), wherein the jet of air (400) occurs on a body (120) which, by the action of the air jet (400), converts a braking force exerted on the product (A, A). The braking force converting body (120) is formed by at least a first element (122) having a physical structure for a return flow (410, 420) of the supplied air jet (400) from the air jet nozzle (110). The body (120) is provided with at least one second element (121), which is in operative connection with the first element (122) during the braking force conversion, and which second element (121) from the air jet (400) from the air jet nozzle (110 ) converted impulse force as the resulting braking force to the product (A, A).

Description

Technical area

The present invention relates to a printing sheet brake according to the preamble of the device claim 1 and the method claims 30, 31.

The changes in direction of the printed sheet parts injected by various folding processes generally cause high deceleration and acceleration values on the sheet parts to be folded. The deceleration and acceleration forces resulting from the deceleration and acceleration values as well as the mass of the deflected printed sheet parts have a negative effect on the product quality as well as on the stability of the folding process. In addition, there is the market demand for higher production rates to reduce costs per unit of time or product accordingly.

State of the art

Out EP3002240 A1 and EP3002241 A1 Go brake devices, which are sometimes operated with a pneumatic medium (air). Such braking devices have the significant advantage that they can come up against very fast reaction times, in particular also due to the very low inertia of the braking system, compared with known mechanical or electromagnetic systems. Furthermore, such operated with a pneumatic medium braking devices, apart from the complementary brake pads, largely maintenance and wear-free.

Accordingly, goes out EP3002240 A1 an apparatus and method for decelerating and positioning a signature in a processing machine out. Along the feed direction of the printing sheet, at least one means is provided which exerts a braking force effect on the printing sheet, and thus accomplishes the positioning of the printing sheet in connection with the operational process of a downstream processing station.

The orientation of this prior art is to be seen in that the whole braking process is characterized by a deceleration and positioning of the sheet. Accordingly, the final position determination of the sheet is accomplished by a double braking action, the braking arrangements can be operated to each other according to various principles, the two braking arrangements can also operate in part by a "and / or" -Knfpfung.

Essentially shows EP3002240 A1 various ways in which deceleration and positioning of a print sheet can take place:

In the direct implementation, it is so that the braking force-triggering air pulses are directed directly to the sheet and there unfold their effect resp. implement, whereby the number, strength and place of action of these air impulses can be adapted to the given conditions.

In the indirect implementation, it is such that the braking force-triggering air pulses act on at least one mechanical element, which is arranged intermediately between the sheet and nozzle of the air pulse, such that the effective braking effect on the sheet then by said mechanical element takes place, such Element may have different dynamic configurations.

In addition, the positionally accurate braking of the sheet in the feed direction can at least partially accomplish by other acting on the sheet braking, so for example by installing a negative pressure acting on the brake force, which is usually arranged below the conveyor belts, with effect on the sheet. Increased by such a precaution the friction between the surface of the table-like documents and the underside of the printing sheet in such a way that such a friction force can be preferably used as a fine adjustment for a precise final positioning of the sheet. As already mentioned above in connection with the air pulses, the number, strength and place of action can also be adapted to the prevailing conditions for the implementation of the negative pressure on the printed sheet.

The two effective braking forces, so the braking force-triggering pulses on the sheet, they are operated directly or indirectly, and the increase in friction by another braking force, can be interdependent to each other or control independently, the braking force of the two changed case by case resp , can be adjusted.

Of course, an additional braking force can be accomplished by at least one mechanically activatable element which can be used for fine adjustment, for example, in addition to the force acting on the sheet pneumatic brake force-triggering pulses, such a mechanical element readily by an autonomous control or in the above sense purely by air pulses can be operated.

Out EP3002241 A1 Furthermore, a braking device emerges, which is designed as a transverse release brake for a printed sheet. This is also a method for braking and positioning of the sheet in the feed direction and for delaying the sheet during falzmässig indentation and / or against the occurring flapping movements in the drawn sheet, and this is achieved by the following steps: i) Due to the given Production data such as folding scheme, paper weight, paper width, cut length, the pressure required for braking is calculated and the information sent to the automatic pressure regulator, taking into account that depending on the folding scheme of the sheets on the left and right sides may have different values; ii) A pressure accumulator with a pressure regulator ensures the physical values of the required compressed air; iii) the sheet entering / entering the fold area is detected at the trailing edge by means of a light barrier, wherein this light barrier is used at the same time the clock-accurate synchronization of the folding blade, the light barrier compensates for irregularities within the transport of the sheet; iv) Due to the triggered trigger signal, a signal for activating the pneumatic switching valve is triggered taking into account dead time and speed compensation; v) Then the air stored in the accumulator air is released suddenly, after which the air nozzle releases a pulse-like burst of air; vi) The released air blast now acts directly on the signature or indirectly on a lever which transmits the air blast and the corresponding normal force to the signature; vii) The sheet is pressed during the Zustellvorganges and / or during the folding process on a table-like surface and generated by friction, a braking force on the sheet; viii) An additional braking force is exerted simultaneously on the trailing edge of the printing sheet, if necessary, or displaced with respect to the printing phase, wherein stiffening of the printing sheet is produced by the stretching of the material caused by the braking action; ix) The braking time is selected so that the sheet is reliably decelerated to 0, whether it is equal to the sheet stop, or the folding blade takes over the sheet or delayed so far during the folding process; x) After delivery of the air pulses, the pneumatic switching valve is immediately closed, and is then available for the next cycle.

In summary, it can be said that belonging to the prior art brake devices are preferably designed for interdependent braking systems, the braking effect is provided by different auxiliary units, with different braking techniques and with different controlled braking resp. Pulse forces are designed.

Presentation of the invention

The invention aims to remedy this situation. The invention, as characterized in the claims, the object of the invention is to propose a highly efficient brake, preferably for products of a general kind, preferably for printed products, in particular for printed sheets, which provided by an impulse provided by Brake force is provided, which is provided by a pressurized pneumatic medium, and which is able to exert an efficient braking force to a body by transmitting an impulse force, which body then exerts the braking force directly on the product, whereupon an immediate braking effect.

It is also possible to provide a design in which the body does not strike directly on the product, but indirectly by the insertion of complementary auxiliary equipment. In both cases, it is the case that this braking force, both in the direct and indirect implementation, can detect the products delivered individually at high speeds and at high speeds.

If this is the case of individual products, this does not mean that the separation is final resp. The brake according to the invention can equally well be used, for example, in the passage through single or multiple folded printed products. It is even possible that this brake can be used in printed products in a scaly configuration.

In the following, only printed sheets, if appropriate printed products, are discussed as intended, without being based on exclusivity.

The brake according to the invention is therefore preferably used for printed products, without, however, exclusively wanting to be able to use the brake according to the invention also readily for other flat formed transportable products of different thickness and material composition.

For practical and obvious considerations, therefore, the inventive brake is focused below on the braking effect on printed sheets.

In this case, this inventive brake, then logically called only printing sheet brake and described as such, designed so that within a period of time in the range of milliseconds (ms) the individual transported at high speed and delivered printed sheets are abruptly braked to zero, and they at the same time be positioned precisely for subsequent processing.

The positionally accurate positioning of the braked printing sheet is crucial for quality assurance, in particular in relation to the subsequent operations. This quality assurance can be maximized by supplementing the system with a sheet stopper, which takes action at the very last stage of braking and ensures that any misalignment caused by the transport or at least the application of the braking force can be definitely compensated for 100% ,

In this case, the released kinematic energy is only minimally present in the local impact of the printed sheets on the sheet stop, because the deceleration according to the invention has already almost completely degraded this delivery-related kinematic energy.

Therefore, all that remains is a zero-speed infeed speed, which ensures that the printed sheet can smoothly align itself with the stop surface of the sheet signature stop. The sheet stop may consist of a single body, which covers substantially the entire delivery width of the sheet, or consist of a number of spaced body parts. It is obvious that there is an interdependence between the remanence speed of the signature and not the full utilization of the braking force in its implementation.

Although the final positioning of the sheet is determined with the help of a sheet stop, but it must be ensured in all cases that the sheet with its remanence speed only very gently impinges on the stop surface of this sheet stop. Since this remanence speed, as explained, turns out to be microscopically small, there is also no danger that the leading edge of the printed sheet in the direction of delivery will be injured when it strikes the stop surface or spring back from this stop surface. could jump back.

This gentle process with respect to the end position of the printing sheet also has the advantage that the printed sheet can completely conform to the course of the stop surface (s), resulting in a definitive maximized accurate alignment of the sheet, this accurate alignment of the sheet then for quality assurance is crucial in subsequent operations.

In this context, the following specifications are important: The pneumatic valve is usually pressurized within a period of 8-10 ms. Of this, about 50% of this period, ie 4-5 ms, is consumed for shutting down the first flexible braking force converting element, and the remaining approximately 50% of this time, ie 4-5 ms, come into play for the actual braking process. That is, the delay of the entry speed of the sheet to zero is thus within a period of at most 5 ms.

In itself, the loading time can be changed in dependence on the arrangement and the distance of the actual brake body relative to the printed sheet. The originally stated values apply to a maximum distance of approx. 10 mm between the brake body and the print sheet, which normally corresponds to an operating mode with different infeed and fold height of the print sheet, whereby the brake and the delivery cadence of the print sheet can be designed so that a "Scalloped" folding can be used, ie, the sheet to be folded is still on the folding table, while the subsequent sheet is fed over lying.

In an arrangement with respect to a predetermined folding machine, in which the feed height of the folding plane corresponds, it must be ensured at the start of operation that the previous sheet then no longer remains in place. In this case, the distance between the brake and the printed product varies between 0 and approx. 3 mm. This means in this case that the proportion of the lowering of the brake, so the brake body, about 30% and the actual braking time about 70% of the total available braking time range.

In both cases, it must be ensured that the braking time is not significantly less than 5 ms, so that whenever possible, the lowering movement should not exceed 3 ms.

Sonach can each be achieved by a single modeled braking force gentle safe and accurate local positioning of the individual sheets, which is of crucial importance for the subsequent processing of this sheet.

For this purpose, according to the invention, a body is provided as a means of conversion of the force-determining pulse produced by an air jet nozzle, which body in principle has further complementary elements which enable an efficiency-maximized air jet deflection.

The speed of the air flow from the air jet nozzle is almost supersonic, assuming a turbulent flow, ie of the order of magnitude of approximately 316 m / s. In a laminar flow, this speed can be increased to about 500 m / s. This is the case, for example, when the flow structure of the air jet nozzle is designed as a Laval nozzle.

This air jet deflecting body is preferably disposed above the transported sheet and is directly in operative connection with a flexible cantilevered element whose compliance respectively. Spring constant for the transferability of the contact force on the sheet draws. The underside of this flexible element thus exerts one through the air jet The force pulse generated by the air jet deflecting body from a pressure force on the sheet, which contact force then comes as a direct braking force to bear, such that the recorded sheet can be braked immediately and fully to zero.

1. a) Zum einen kann auf die materialbedingte Federkonstante des flexiblen Bestandteils des ersten Elements eingewirkt werden, sei es durch eine gezielte Materialwahl, oder durch eine mehrschichtige Blattstruktur dieses flexiblen Bestandteils, der vorzugsweise die Form einer Lasche hat.
2. b) Zum anderen lassen sich mechanische Dämpfungselemente vorsehen, welche der Ausschwingungsbewegung des flexiblen Bestandteils des ersten Elements entgegenwirken, beispielsweise dadurch, dass die Dämpfungskörper aus schwingungsdämpfenden Materialien bestehen. Diese sollen grundsätzlich so beschaffen sein, dass sie eine minimierte zusätzliche Masse ins System einbringen.
3. c) Des Weiteren ist es möglich, dass der für die Bremsung eingeleitete Luftstrahlstoss im Nachgang zu der vollzogenen Bremsung nicht abrupt unterbrochen wird, sondern nur soweit gemindert wird, dass daraus eine Gegenkraft gegen die Ausschwingungsbewegung des flexiblen Bestandteils des ersten Elements resultiert.
4. d) Ferner kann die Luftstrahldüse so gebildet werden, dass nebst der zentralen für die Hauptwirkung der Bremse bestimmten Öffnung eine weitere komplementäre vorgesehen wird, welche hilfsweise auf die Ausschwingungsbewegung des flexiblen Bestandteils des ersten Elements dämpfend einwirkt. Diese zweite Öffnung tritt dann mit einem entsprechenden Luftstoss erst subsequent zum Hauptluftstoss aus der Hauptöffnung in Funktion, und soll für die Dämpfung kraftmässig entsprechend modelliert werden.
5. e) Schliesslich kann die mittig platzierte Hauptöffnung der Luftstrahldüse mit einer Anzahl kranzförmig angeordneter kleinerer Bohrungen ergänzt werden, wobei aus diesen kranzförmig angeordneten Bohrungen vorzugsweise eine Luftmasse eingebracht wird, welche gegenüber der Ausschwingungsbewegung des flexiblen Bestandteils des ersten Elements eine Dämpfung einbringen können.

A way to reduce the swinging motion of the flexible component of the first element after the brake pulse has occurred, resp. to aim at zero can be achieved through various measures:

1. a) On the one hand can be acted upon by the material-related spring constant of the flexible component of the first element, either by a specific choice of material, or by a multilayer sheet structure of this flexible component, which preferably has the shape of a tab.
2. b) On the other hand can provide mechanical damping elements, which counteract the swinging motion of the flexible component of the first element, for example, characterized in that the damping body consists of vibration damping materials. These should basically be such that they bring a minimized additional mass into the system.
3. c) Furthermore, it is possible that the initiated for the braking air jet impact is not abruptly interrupted in the wake of the completed braking, but is only so far reduced that it results in a counter force against the swinging motion of the flexible component of the first element.
4. d) Further, the air jet nozzle may be formed so that, in addition to the central opening intended for the main action of the brake, a further complementary one is provided which, in the alternative, damps the swinging movement of the flexible component of the first element. This second opening then occurs with a corresponding air shock only subsequent to the main air shock from the main opening in function, and should be modeled according to the damping force moderately.
5. e) Finally, the centrally placed main opening of the air jet nozzle can be supplemented with a number of annularly arranged smaller holes, from these annularly arranged holes preferably an air mass is introduced, which can bring against the swinging motion of the flexible component of the first element damping.

A combination of these Dämpfungsvorkehrungen and damping means with each other is also possible.

The pulse-receiving body, preferably in the form of a shell, has an inner-body-side beam-deflecting structure, which is designed so that the air jet initially acts on the body centrally or along a focal plane, and then ordered, ie without turbulence, can flow out.

In this case, the formation of the air jet deflecting structure of this body is preferably formed either by a rotationally concave shape, or the body has air jet nozzle side, a central elongated edge, from which the air jet deflecting structure spreads wing-shaped downwards.

In order to guide the pulse train uniformly over the two wing-shaped air jet deflecting structures, this central straight edge extends along a center of gravity of the body with respect to the two adjoining air jet deflecting vanes, which then also end in a concave shape, thus ensuring an ordered outflow of the introduced air mass and without any air-related interference on the respective printed sheets.

Within the two focused beam redirecting bodies, which however are not to be understood as final formations, the air stream flows over the air jet deflecting structures of the body up to the concave ones or quasi-concave curvatures, from where the flow from the air jet nozzle is then finally deflected in the opposite direction to the flow of the original air jet.

In this final deflection then creates a maximized vortex-free upwardly directed backflow, which flows through approximately 90 ° to ≥ 180 ° laterally of the air jet nozzle. Only through this impulses divisive deflection of the supplied via the air jet air mass flow required for the brake application pressure braking forces are implemented, first on the body itself, and then at the same time on him operatively connected preferably one-sided clamped flexible element, whose print-sheet-side lower surface the ultimate contact pressure converted to the sheet.

As far as the air mass flow per braking process is concerned, this is dependent on the braking force and thus also the pressure. Occasionally, this amount of air jet is then also dependent on the mass of the sheet to be braked, the sheet itself playing paper width, folding scheme, number of paper, paper surface weight, section length, a control role.

Due to the listing of the given production data, which are not conclusive, the air pressure required for braking is calculated and the information sent to the automatic pressure regulator. Depending on the folding scheme, the printed sheets may have different values on the left and right sides. In such a constellation then the brake resp. whose braking effect are regulated accordingly.

As regards the circuit of the pneumatic valve, this is triggered by a signal taking into account dead time and speed compensation. Then the air stored in the pressure accumulator is released suddenly, whereupon the air jet nozzle emits a pulse-like jet of air jet.

After delivery of the air pulse, the pneumatic switching valve is closed immediately and the pressure regulator fills the air reservoir again with the preset pressure and is available for the next cycle.

Operation with an air reservoir is, however, not indispensable: The pulsed release of a certain amount of air under a certain pressure can also be achieved by a dynamically designed control, which provides directly for a continuous compressed air supply.

Furthermore, the injection of the air mass flow provided by the air jet nozzle is preferably carried out completely intermittently, i. she goes from zero to max. Pressure and then back to zero. However, it is possible as needed to operate the air jet nozzle with a remanence pressure as an intermediate after the successful braking operation, so that the loading time can be further reduced at the subsequent cycle.

The body is, as mentioned, according to a preferred variant rotationally symmetric or quasi-rotationally symmetrical, supplemented with a protruding centrally located conical or nearly conical pillar, which projects beyond the shell of the body, and which formed streamlined from the top to the concave spout of the body is, so that it merges from top to bottom flow conforming in the predetermined concave shape in the rotationally symmetric body.

The centrally introduced from the air jet air mass is thus distributed uniformly in terms of flow in the circumferential direction of the centrally located conical or nearly conical column, and this air mass then flows while maintaining a maximized laminar flow in the concave recess of the body, then there by the imposed deflection of the desired Impulse power. Consequently, these conditions fulfill those requirements which lead to a largely lossless energy transfer.

Furthermore, it is ensured by this training that the air jet, after work, through the bottom-side concave curvature of the body can largely flow back toward the air jet nozzle, and so can not exert any air side interference on the sheet.

Furthermore, the sheet brake according to the invention on which this is based includes further advantageous effects, which go beyond the precisely instantaneous braking effect on the printed sheet by also ensuring at the same time by such a sheet brake that there is no collision point at the sheet trailing edge located on the folding table can occur with the next sheet. Important in this configuration is the underlying operational basis, according to which the next sheet is fed higher than the surface of the folding table.

The same advantages in the described air jet deflection can thus be achieved even with a not completely rotationally symmetrical body, in which the air jet from the air jet nozzle does not impinge on a centrally arranged conical or nearly conical column, but a deflection element acted upon, which at least one air jet side centrally disposed separating edge which uniformly divides the air jet mass, wherein each subset then flows along the flow-conforming, preferably also waisted and / or wing-like wall to the flow deflection. By this deflection, an impulse force is released here before the air jet can then flow upwards and / or laterally at> 90 ° return flow angle.

It is emphasized that such a separating edge does not necessarily have to run parallel to the feed direction of the transported printing sheet, but can also run across it as needed.

In addition, the cup-shaped Strahlumlenkungskörper can be formed without a centrally arranged flow-consistent column, and the lateral walls of the shell can then form a not completely rotationally symmetric body readily.

The printing sheet brake according to the invention can also be used advantageously in operative connection with a high-performance folding device.

In such a folding process must be ensured that at no time a mechanical collision between the braked sheet, the folding unit and the next sheet can take place.

The printed sheet is thus braked with exact position by means of the printing sheet brake according to the invention and then at the same time has the exact position in the feed direction, if necessary with the introduction of a stop acting there. Accordingly, it is ensured with the operation of the printing sheet brake according to the invention that the signature trailing edge is located on the folding table and thus no collision point with the subsequent printing sheet can occur.

Due to the significantly shortened folding pulse time of the high-performance folding apparatus and the use of the novel sheet brake, which does not involve any mechanically moving parts and therefore has no or only a small inertia, the follow-on sheet can be slightly increased immediately after the start of the folding process on a by the conveyor belts Feed position to be supplied.

By means of the printing sheet brake according to the invention, it is possible not to handle the printed sheets in a scaly manner, in particular because the time requirement of the sheet brake can be reduced to a minimum, namely to <10 ms. That is, the gap of the products to each other based on a time constant, which is then dependent on the production speed of the printing press, the resulting number of cycles, and the sheet-related section length, these conditions can be fully recovered by the inventive brake operationally.

Reducing the gaps between the individual sheets delivered in the feed direction is potentially possible, but the implementation is such Potentiality only possible if at the same time a reduction of the required braking time can be accomplished.

As already described above by the use of the printing sheet brake according to the invention, the following printing sheet is already above the trailing edge of the preceding printing sheet (overlapping), which already moves in the direction of the folding roller pair by initiation of the folding pulse.

The overlying signature, which is still clamped in the feeder belts, performs a guiding function with respect to the sheet to be folded by preventing the underlying sheet from rising due to the accelerations, thus reducing the known quality-reducing effects (whipping effect, donkey ears). can be prevented.

Essential in the invention is therefore the training of the device and its operation for braking a transported and flat formed product. An essential implementation of the invention relates here to apparatus and method for braking printed products, preferably of printed sheets, wherein it is logically in this case a brake sheet in the brake.

Accordingly, this device is designed as a brake operable by air jet, which is operated by an air jet nozzle supplied by an air jet, said brake has at least one body which by the action of the air jet, ie by its impulse force, a braking effect on the printed product, so that this body par excellence makes the active immediate brake. The body itself consists of at least one first element, which is preferably cup-shaped, this shell shape ensures by its physical configuration, a continuing beam deflecting flow of the supplied air jet.

Furthermore, it is then so that this body acting as a brake is supplemented with at least one second element, which is responsible for the subsequent implementation of the impulse force by this second element is preferably designed as a flexible tab, which is preferably diametrically opposite to the arrangement of the first Element is clamped on one side, and this second element by the triggered by the air jet to the first element pulse set undergoes a converted by the respective spring constant bending towards the printed product, whereupon the entire braking effect of the first element can be converted to the printed product.

Also essential to the invention is the implementation of the braking force effect on the printed product, which are preferably also arranged by two bodies, which are preferably spaced transversely to the transport direction, also known as feed direction of the printing sheet, and these braking force-releasing body are operated simultaneously in time by each at least one air jet.

According to the invention, at least two bodies which can be operatively operated side by side can also be provided at each braking location, which bodies alternately exert their braking force at least per printed sheet. If, for example, two arranged braking locations are provided per printed sheet, the number of individually active bodies then increases to four. Here, too, preferably at least one air jet nozzle per body is provided. The main advantage of such a disposition and the alternating operation of the bodies with one another is that the number of cycles can be substantially increased thereby providing an inherent redundancy, and that the wear of the valves can be substantially minimized.

Preferably, the air jet nozzle is characterized by a single centrally located opening through which the jet of air exits supersonically. If an increase in the flow velocity of the air jet is intended here, this can be easily achieved by forming the opening as a Laval nozzle.

However, in addition to the central opening, the air jet nozzle may have at least one further opening which serves as a complementary air mass flow-emitting opening, which preferably fulfills the function of an attenuation aid.

As far as the shell-shaped body acted upon by an air mass flow is concerned, the shell underlying it is rotationally symmetrical, the interior of which has a concave shape relative to the air jet emitted by the air jet nozzle, so that the air jet can exert an optimal impulse force on the shell and then flow unhindered.

In order to maximize the flow within the shell efficiency, this has a centrally located conical or nearly conical column over which the jet of air emitted by the air jet flows smoothly in the concaved interior space, and within this concave interior after implementation of the impulse force to a Luftstrahlumlenkung and then it comes to a backflow.

This underlying flow homogeneity can then be increased if the shell is supplemented by a centrally arranged conical or nearly conical column, which sometimes may protrude beyond the uppermost edge of this shell. In order then to further increase the flow homogeneity, the centrally arranged conical or nearly conical column should preferably be formed from top to bottom by a sidecut which is modeled so that it merges seamlessly into the concavely formed interior of the shell.

This air jet deflection then experiences an efficiency-maximized return flow through the described concave shape of the shell, which takes place optimally by 90 ° to ≥ 180 ° relative to the air mass flow from the air jet nozzle.

According to the invention, the first element should not only be designed as a shell, but this element may also have an open structure, which has on the upper side a central projecting edge, from which extends to the second element extending on both sides of this edge air-jet deflecting wing-like structure, said edge, based on a predetermined transport direction of a product, can take any orientation.

At least the second formed as a lug element of the brake with an on-demand having spring constant is operatively connected to at least one pneumatic damping arrangement and / or with mechanically operated damping elements, which are all designed so that they are able, a swinging motion of this second element after vollführter To effectively dampen brake movement.

The invention also relates to a method for operating the described device for decelerating a transported and flat product, preferably a printed product, in particular a printed sheet, wherein the device is designed as a brake operable by air jet, wherein the brake by one of at least one air jet The brake is operated at least by a body which exerts a braking force on the product by the action of the air jet, the brake being operated in operative connection with a downstream folding device, and wherein the brake is operated simultaneously is applied to fix the product by the braking force on the product trailing edge, in such a way that space is created, whereby a collision with the subsequent product is bypassed.

• eine Maximierung der resultierenden Bremskraft infolge Luftstrahlumlenkung bei gleichbleibendem Energieeinsatz erzielt wird;
• eine Umlenkung des Luftstrahls weg von Druckbogen sichergestellt werden kann, womit keine luftbezogenen Interferenzen auf die Druckbogen stattfinden;
• eine kostengünstige und verschleisslose Bremskraftverstärkung zur Verfügung gestellt werden kann;
• durch die Druckbogenbremse die Voraussetzung geschaffen wird, dass der Falzprozess ungestört und effizient ablaufen kann.

The main advantages of the invention can be seen in that:

• Maximizing the resulting braking force due to air jet deflection is achieved with constant energy consumption;
• a deflection of the air jet away from printed sheets can be ensured, whereby no air-related interference takes place on the printed sheets;
• a cost and wear-free brake booster can be provided;
• by the signature brake the condition is created that the folding process can proceed undisturbed and efficiently.

Further advantageous embodiments will be apparent from the description.

Brief description of the figures

In the following, the invention will be explained with reference to the drawing, to which reference is expressly made with regard to all details essential to the invention and details of which there is no further details. All elements that are not essential to the immediate understanding of the invention have been omitted, the same elements are given the same reference numerals in the various figures.

Figur 1

eine Gesamtübersicht einer Druckbogenbremse, welche mit einer Schale ausgerüstet ist;

Figur 2

ein Schaltschema, das den Betrieb der Bremse wiedergibt;

Figur 3

eine dreidimensionale Darstellung des impulsübertragenden schalenförmigen Körpers;

Figur 4

eine Darstellung eines weiteren impulsübertragenden Körpers;

Figur 5

eine dreidimensionale Darstellung des impulsübertragenden Körpers gemäss Figur 4.

In the drawing shows:

FIG. 1

an overall view of a sheet brake, which is equipped with a shell;

FIG. 2

a circuit diagram representing the operation of the brake;

FIG. 3

a three-dimensional view of the pulse-transmitting bowl-shaped body;

FIG. 4

a representation of another impulse-transmitting body;

FIG. 5

a three-dimensional representation of the pulse transmitting body according to FIG. 4 ,

Description of the invention

FIG. 1 shows an overall view of the sheet brake 100, which is aligned to the representation of a single braking power unit. It is readily possible, as needed, to provide several units, which may be placed at different times to each other, which then exert the braking force on the located on the folding table 200 sheet A in a predetermined cycle.

Thus, it can be arranged that the braking force acting on the printed sheet is preferably effected by two bodies 120, which are preferably spaced apart from one another within the width of the printed sheet and transversely to the feed direction 300 thereof. Preferably, at least one air jet nozzle 110 should be provided per body. In such a configuration, it is important that the braking force on the two braking force acting body must be uniform and simultaneously, so that no distortion can adjust to the position of the sheet. Such a configuration is not apparent in the drawing, but is easy to understand for the expert.

It is also possible to provide at least two operationally operable braking force-acting bodies 120 at each braking location, which exercise their braking force alternately at least per printed sheet A. If, for example, two arranged braking locations are provided per printed sheet, then the number of individually active bodies 120 increases to four.

Again, at least one air jet nozzle 110 is preferably provided per body 120. The main advantage of such a disposition is certainly that the operation of the two or more sibling body 120 can take place alternately, so that the number of cycles can be significantly increased, and thus that an inherent redundancy is created, whereby the rate of wear for the operation the brake force acting body 120 valves can be substantially minimized.

The illustrated sheet brake 100 is supported by a support 101, which must have a maximized stability, so that the anchored there further elements of the sheet brake 100 by the high cycle numbers of the machine have a minimized vibration susceptibility. The support 101 has an intermediate anchoring 102 for the attachment of an air jet nozzle 110, the air jet is directed against the other components of the sheet brake 100, these components are arranged above the transport plane of the sheet A, as well as concise from the Figures 2 and 4 evident.

These constituents belonging to the printing sheet brake 100 are fundamentally divided into two main elements: Firstly, there is a first element 120 designed that acts essentially as an independent aggregate: this essentially consists, on the one hand, of a flexible component which acts as a flat tab 121 is formed, whose material or material composition or combination of materials has a tuned spring constant in dependence on the braking force to be applied, and further comprises the first element 120 of a cup-shaped member 122 which is in operative connection with the tab 121, wherein the shell 122 directly from the Air jet 400 from the air jet nozzle 110 is acted upon.

The introduced from the air jet nozzle 110 air jet 400 (see also FIG. 3 ) generated by the action of the air jet 400 is that the flexibly flat formed tab 121 bends down and thus exerts a contact pressure on the arranged below by the delivery sheet A (by its impulse force par excellence the braking force effect of the sheet brake 100 par excellence see also FIG. 2 ).

Accordingly, the first flexible element 120 consists of the component shown in the form of a flexible tab 121 and a shell 122 placed thereon, the concave inner shape of the shell 122 ensuring a continuous jet deflecting flow of the supplied air jet 400.

This air jet deflecting shell 122 is disposed above the transported sheet A and is, as already explained, directly in operative connection with the flexible clamped tab 121, which is preferably anchored on one side 123, so that their compliance can fully implement, which depends on the spring constant Compliance for the transmission of the contact pressure on the sheet draws. Accordingly, the underside of this flexible tab 121 exerts a force applied by the air jet on the air jet deflecting shell 122 force in the form of a pressing force on the sheet A, which contact force then comes as a direct braking force to bear, such that the detected sheet A instantaneously within less ms is slowed down to zero. This tab 121 can be coated on the underside, so the sheet side, with a coating that effectively supports the deceleration of the sheet.

How out FIG. 1 can be seen, the shell 122 is the end of the tab 121 and diametrically the one-sided clamping 123 of this tab 121, whereby the possible flexibility of this tab can be maximized.

Furthermore, the first flexible element 120 is operatively connected to a second element 130 formed as a mechanical damping element 131. This second element 130 has the shape of a rigid bar 133, and it is then also anchored on one side 132: in the example shown, this bar 133 is also connected at the place of anchoring of the flexible tab 121 for reasons of space. The end of the beam 133 arranged damping element 131 basically fulfills a damping effective function, which counteracts any swinging movement of the flexibly designed tab 121 after performing braking. In this context, the damping element 131 is to be made of a material which dampens particularly vibrations, so that the oscillatory movements of the flexible tab 121 can be abruptly damped. This damping element 131 is advantageously arranged in the immediate vicinity of the shell 122 in order to maximize its damping effect.

FIG. 2 shows an overall circuit for the operation of the brake according to FIG. 1 , It can be seen in this figure, first, the complementary element in connection with the concave shell 122 (see also FIG. 3 ) and the flexible tab 121. Below the concave shell 122 is the actual folding table 200 with a printing sheet A symbolically illustrated thereon, wherein the braking force introduced on the printing sheet is operationally in operative connection with the sheet A delivered in the feeding direction 300.

Furthermore, the positionally accurate positioning of the braked sheet A is crucial for quality assurance, in particular with respect to the subsequent operations. This quality assurance can be maximized by supplementing the system with a sheet stop 260, which takes action at the very last stage of braking, and ensures that any possible misalignment caused by transport or, if necessary, application of the braking force can be definitely compensated 100% ,

In this case, the released kinematic energy has already flowed almost completely into the deceleration in the local impact of the printed sheets A on the sheet stop 260. It remains then still striving for zero feed speed 300 left, which ensures that the sheet A can be aligned with the stop surface 261 gently. The sheet stop 260 may consist of a body that covers substantially the entire infeed width of the signature or a number of spaced apart body portions. It is obvious that there is an interdependence between remanence speed and not fully utilizing the braking effect.

Although the final positioning of the printed sheet A is thus determined with the aid of a sheet stop 260, it must nevertheless be ensured in all cases that the sheet A with its remanence speed occurs only very gently on the (full) stop surface 261 of the sheet stop 260 , Since this remanence speed, as explained, turns out to be microscopically small, there is also no risk that the leading edge of the printing sheet A in the feed direction 300 will hit the abutment surface 261 injure or spring back from stop surface 261 resp. could jump back.

This gently implemented implementation with respect to the end position of the printing sheet A has the additional advantage that the sheet can completely conform to the course of the stop surface (s) 261, resulting in a definitive maximized accurate alignment of the sheet A results and adds quality assurance for the subsequent operations.

These FIG. 2 further shows the elements that underlie the pneumatic control / regulation of the brake. First of all, a higher-level control unit 210 is operative here, in which information flows in and emanates commands. Important information relates to the detection 251 of the delivered printed sheet A via a light barrier 250. This information 252 is forwarded to the control unit 210 which, by means of stored or continuously adjusted control profiles, ensures that the braking effect comes into effect if the relevant printed sheet determines the operative position reached before the sheet stop 260. This includes that via a control line 221 a command to the pressure regulator 220 passes, which is in operative connection 222 with a downstream pressure accumulator 230, which in turn is in operative connection 231 with a switching valve 240.

This valve 240 receives at a given time from the control unit 210 via a further control line 211 a command to take action, and to provide that amount of air to the air jet nozzle 110 for the implementation of the braking effect. The amount of air flows through a compressed air line 241 and then out of the air jet nozzle 110 at high pressure and velocity as a jet 400 and urges the concave shell 122, through which the braking force is then transferred to the signature A in operative connection with tab 121, taking into account the dynamics described above in connection with the sheet stop 260.

As regards the circuit of the pneumatic switching valve 240, this is triggered by the mentioned signal taking into account dead time and speed compensation. Then the air stored in the accumulator 230 air is released suddenly, whereupon the air jet nozzle 110 then emits a pulse-like air jet. After delivery of the pulse-like air jet, the pneumatic switching valve 240 is immediately closed and the pressure regulator 220 fills the pressure accumulator 230 again with the preset pressure and is then available for the next cycle.

However, operation with a pressure accumulator is not indispensable: The pulsed release of a certain amount of air under a certain pressure can also be achieved by a dynamically designed control, which provides directly for a continuous compressed air supply.

FIG. 3 3 shows the three-dimensional image of the concave shell 122, which is for the implementation of the air jet amount 400 flowing from the high-impingement jet nozzle 110.

As regards the cup-shaped shell 122 loaded with air jet quantity 400, the underlying body is rotationally symmetrical, the interior of which is concave with respect to the air jet 400 emitted by the air jet nozzle 110, so that the air jet 400 exerts an optimum momentum force on the shell 122 and then can flow out of it again unhindered.

In order to best manage the braking force-inducing flow within the shell 122, this has a centrally arranged conical or nearly conical column 124, via which the air jet 400 emitted by the air jet nozzle 110 flows in a flow-homogeneous manner into the concave interior, and within this concave interior after reaction the impulse force comes to an air jet deflection 410.

This underlying flow homogeneity can be increased if the shell 122 is supplemented by a centrally arranged conical or nearly conical column 124, which projects beyond the uppermost edge of this shell 122. In order then to increase the flow homogeneity even further, the centrally arranged conical or nearly conical column 124 should preferably be formed from top to bottom by a sidecut 125 which is modeled so that it merges seamlessly into the subsequently concaved interior 126 of the shell 122 ,

As a result of the described concave shape of the shell, this air jet deflection experiences an efficiency-maximized return flow 410, which takes place optimally by 90 ° to ≥ 180 ° with respect to the air jet 400 from the air jet nozzle 110.

Out FIG. 4 shows another air jet deflecting body 150, which performs substantially the same function as the shell 122 already described several times. This body 150, which in FIG. 5 is shown in three dimensions, has a central projecting edge 151 on top. The flanks on both sides run along an air-jet-deflecting wing-like structure (see FIG. 5 , Pos. 152) downwards, and extend into the region of a flexible tab 121 operatively acting thereunder, wherein this edge, in relation to a predetermined feed direction 300 of a product A in general, can take any orientation.

In this FIG. 4 It is then shown that the brake is not limited only to the deceleration of individual sheets, but is readily possible to provide on the folding table 200 multi-layer sheet A "for immediate deceleration and for further processing.It should also be noted that the backflow 420 in this body 150 will tend to be shallower with respect to the shell (122) FIG. 2 described sheet stop 260 and the corresponding feed direction 300 of the printed products A ⁿ .

FIG. 5 thus shows the body 150 in three-dimensional view. As can be clearly seen here, the upper side of the body has a rather pointed edge 151 which sharply divides the air jet 400 from the air jet nozzle, whereupon these partial air streams 420 flow away on both sides of the body 150. Since the body 150 has an air-jet-deflecting wing-like structure 152 downwards, which then merges into a concave-like shape at the end, a backflow also occurs here due to the applied impulse force.

Claims (31)

A device for decelerating a transported and flat formed product, the device being designed as an air jet brake which is operable by an air jet supplied by an air jet nozzle, the jet of air impinging upon a body which, due to the action of the jet of air, impinges on the air jet product exerting braking force reacted, characterized in that the bremskraftumsetzende body (120) by at least a first element (122) is formed, which is a physical structure for a reverse flow (410, 420) of from the air jet nozzle (110) supplied to the air jet (400) and that the body (120) is provided with at least one second element (121) which is in operative connection with the first element (122) during the braking force conversion, and which second element (121) projects from the air jet (400) the air jet nozzle (110) caused impulse force as the resulting braking force on the product (A, A " ). Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the product (A, A ") is preferably a printed product, in particular a printed sheet. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that it is the brake (100) is preferably a signature brake. Device according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the braking force acting on the printing sheet (A, A ") preferably takes place by two bodies (120), which are preferably spaced apart from one another and transversely to the feed direction (300) of the printing sheet (A, A ") are arranged. Device according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that at least two operatively operable body (120) are arranged at each braking location, which exert their braking force alternately at least within a clock. Device according to claims 4 or 5, characterized in that each body (120) can be acted upon by at least one air jet nozzle (110). Device according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the brake (100) and its braking force is in operative connection with a sheet stop (260), that the sheet stop (260) has a stop surface (261), which serves as the reference edge of the feed direction (300) braked sheet (A, A ") is used. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the air jet nozzle (110) has at least one central opening. Apparatus according to claim 1, that the air jet nozzle (110) is operable with supersonic. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the air jet nozzle (110) is designed as a Laval nozzle. Apparatus according to claim 8, characterized in that the air jet nozzle (110) in addition to a first central opening has at least one second opening designed to be complementary thereto. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the first element (122) of the body (120) consists of a rotationally symmetrical shell whose interior (126) is concave with respect to the air jet (400) emitted by the air jet nozzle (110), the air jet (400) exerts an impulse force on the shell (122). Apparatus according to claim 12, characterized in that the shell (122) has a centrally arranged conical or nearly conical column (124), via which the air jet (400) emitted by the air jet nozzle (110) is flow-homogeneous flows into the concave interior (126), and it comes within this concave interior after the conversion of the impulse force by air jet deflection to a return flow (410, 420). Apparatus according to claim 13, characterized in that the return flow (410, 420) of the air jet (400) emitted by the air jet nozzle (110) by 90 ° to ≥ 180 ° relative to the air jet (400) from the air jet nozzle (110). Apparatus according to claim 13, characterized in that the centrally arranged conical or nearly conical column (124) projects beyond the uppermost edge of the shell (122). Apparatus according to claim 13, characterized in that the centrally arranged conical or nearly conical column (124) from top to bottom has a sidecut (125) which extends so that it smoothly into the concave interior (126) of the shell (122 ) passes over. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the first element by a flow body (150) is formed, the upper side has a central projecting edge (151), from which up to the second element (121) extending on both sides of the edge Luftstrahlumlenkende , preferably wing-shaped structure (152) extends. Apparatus according to claim 17, characterized in that the central projecting edge (151) of the flow body (150) with respect to a predetermined feed direction (300) of a product (A, A "), preferably a printed product, in particular a printed sheet, having any orientation , Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the second element (121) carries on one side the first element (122, 150), and is flexibly clamped on the other side above the product, that by the air jet (400) outgoing pulse on the first element (122, 150) a bend of the second element (121) takes place, such that by this bending, the underside of the second element (121) exerts a pressing force on the product (A, A "). Apparatus according to claim 19, characterized in that the second element (121) is formed as a flexible flat trained tab. Apparatus according to claim 20, characterized in that the tab (121) has recesses. Apparatus according to claim 20, characterized in that the tab (121) consists of a material which has a relation to the applied braking force tuned spring constant. Apparatus according to claim 22, characterized in that the spring constant is variable by a multi-layered sheet structure of the tab (121). Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that at least the second element (121) is in operative connection with at least one superimposed damping device (130), which is directed against a swinging movement of the second element (121) after a completed braking movement. Apparatus according to claim 24, characterized in that the damping device (130) consists of an end (132) anchored beam (133) and of damping elements (131), which are preferably arranged in the region of the first element (122, 150). Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the first (122, 150) and / or second element (121) are acted upon for damping purposes with pneumatic forces against a swinging movement after the successful braking. Apparatus according to claim 26, characterized in that an air jet for damping purposes is taught directly from the main opening of the air jet nozzle (110). Apparatus according to claim 26, characterized in that the air jet for damping purposes from a secondary opening of the air jet nozzle (110) is taught. Apparatus according to claim 26, characterized in that the air jet for damping purposes is taught from an arrangement of smaller holes, which are arranged in a ring around the main opening of the air jet nozzle (110). Method for operating a device for decelerating a transported and flat product, preferably a printed product, in particular a printed sheet, the device being in the form of an air-jet brake (100), the brake (100) passing through one of at least one air jet nozzle (100). 110), the brake (100) being provided with at least one body (120) exerting a braking force on the product (A, A ") by the action of the air jet (400), characterized in that the brake (100) is operated in such a way that the product trailing edge is acted upon by the braking force simultaneously with the fixation of the product (A, A ") in such a way that space is created for collision with a subsequent product bypass. Method for operating a device for decelerating a transported and flat product, preferably a printed product, in particular a printed sheet, the device being in the form of an air-jet brake (100), the brake (100) passing through one of at least one air jet nozzle (100). 110) is provided, wherein the brake (100) is provided with at least one body (120), which by the action of the air jet (400) a translating force for a braking effect on the Product (A, A ") exerts, characterized in that the brake is operated in operative connection with a downstream folding device.

Images