EP3526596A1 - Transducteur piezoelectrique, procede de fabrication s'y rapportant, et dispositif de spectroscopie par resonance ultrasonore - Google Patents
Transducteur piezoelectrique, procede de fabrication s'y rapportant, et dispositif de spectroscopie par resonance ultrasonoreInfo
- Publication number
- EP3526596A1 EP3526596A1 EP17778234.9A EP17778234A EP3526596A1 EP 3526596 A1 EP3526596 A1 EP 3526596A1 EP 17778234 A EP17778234 A EP 17778234A EP 3526596 A1 EP3526596 A1 EP 3526596A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- piezoelectric transducer
- points
- piezoelectric
- transducer according
- contact
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
- G01N29/24—Probes
- G01N29/2437—Piezoelectric probes
- G01N29/245—Ceramic probes, e.g. lead zirconate titanate [PZT] probes
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
- G01H13/00—Measuring resonant frequency
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/02—Analysing fluids
- G01N29/036—Analysing fluids by measuring frequency or resonance of acoustic waves
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
- G01N29/043—Analysing solids in the interior, e.g. by shear waves
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
- G01N29/223—Supports, positioning or alignment in fixed situation
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
- G01N29/28—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details providing acoustic coupling, e.g. water
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
- G10K11/18—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound
- G10K11/24—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound for conducting sound through solid bodies, e.g. wires
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
- G01N2203/0069—Fatigue, creep, strain-stress relations or elastic constants
- G01N2203/0075—Strain-stress relations or elastic constants
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/01—Indexing codes associated with the measuring variable
- G01N2291/014—Resonance or resonant frequency
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
- G01N2291/023—Solids
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
- G01N2291/028—Material parameters
- G01N2291/02827—Elastic parameters, strength or force
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/10—Number of transducers
- G01N2291/101—Number of transducers one transducer
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/10—Number of transducers
- G01N2291/102—Number of transducers one emitter, one receiver
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/26—Scanned objects
- G01N2291/265—Spherical objects
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/26—Scanned objects
- G01N2291/269—Various geometry objects
Definitions
- piezoelectric transducer Method of manufacture therefor, and ultrasonic resonance spectroscopy device
- the present invention relates to the field of material characterization, for example and not limited to a bone sample, in particular using ultrasonic resonance spectroscopy techniques.
- the present invention relates to a transducer.
- the present invention also relates to a method of manufacturing such a transducer and an ultrasonic resonance spectroscopy device comprising one or more transducers according to the invention.
- Hirao 2002 Complete mode identification for resonance ultrasound spectroscopy, H. Ogi, K. Sato, T. Asada & M. Hirao, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 112, 2553, 2002, hereinafter "Hirao 2002".
- Gladden 2003 describes a device comprising two piezoelectric transducers. Each transducer includes a contact piece with a flat surface. A sample to be analyzed is maintained between the flat surfaces of the contact parts of the two transducers.
- a disadvantage of such a device is the presence of parasitic modes at medium and low frequencies.
- the device of Hirano 1984 also comprises two piezoelectric transducers, each comprising a contact piece provided with a point. The sample to be analyzed is maintained between the tips of the two transducers.
- the devices according to Gladden 2003 or Hirano 1984 limit the number of degrees of freedom of the sample, which favors the appearance of rigid modes at low frequencies and a shift of higher eigenfrequencies.
- Hirao 2002 discloses a system comprising two piezoelectric transducers and a third passive tip. Each transducer includes a contact piece with a tip. The sample to be analyzed is placed in equilibrium on the tips of the two transducers and the third tip.
- a disadvantage of this type of device consists in the presence of eigen modes of the tips themselves.
- this type of device is not suitable for analyzing small samples, typically the largest dimension of which would be less than 10 mm.
- the object of the present invention is in particular to propose a piezoelectric transducer and an ultrasonic resonance spectroscopy device making it possible to limit the static mechanical stresses applied to the sample and / or allowing and / or facilitating the analysis of a sample of relatively large size. small and / or variable geometry and / or complex.
- the invention proposes a piezoelectric transducer comprising a piezoelectric pellet and a contact piece stacked on the piezoelectric pellet, the contact piece forming tips whose respective apex constitute contact points that are spatially isolated from one another this transducer being arranged to establish a mechanical contact, by at least one of the contact points, with a sample to be analyzed.
- the contact points can be distributed on a convex surface.
- the points of contact can thus form a convex discrete surface. Furthermore, the contact points may be distributed so that no geometrical plane passes through more than three of said contact points, or that no geometrical plane passes less than 0.5 ⁇ m from more than three of said points of contact. contact.
- Such a geometry of the contact points makes it possible to limit the stresses applied to the sample by providing an isostatic positioning. For example, if the sample has a flat surface, this flat surface of the sample can not be brought into contact with more than three points of contact of the transducer.
- the tips may have a height of between 1 ⁇ m and 10 mm, preferably between 20 ⁇ m and 3 mm, more preferably between 50 ⁇ m and 1 mm.
- the contact points may be regularly spaced apart with a pitch of between 1 ⁇ m and 10 mm, preferably between 20 ⁇ m and 3 mm, more preferably between 50 ⁇ m and 1 mm.
- Such dimensions are particularly suitable for the analysis of samples of relatively small size, and make it possible to push back the eigenfrequencies of the peaks beyond the useful bandwidth of the transducer, typically, beyond 1 MHz.
- the contact piece may be of a material whose ratio JT c / d c is greater than 1 GPa 1/2 * cm 3 / g, preferably greater than 2 GPa 1/2 * cm 3 / g, more preferably greater than 2.5 GPa 1/2 * cm 3 / g, with c E the Young's modulus of this material and c the density of this material.
- the contact piece may comprise or consist of polycrystalline diamond and / or polycrystalline cubic boron nitride and / or beryllium and / or aluminum and / or magnesium.
- the contact piece forms, in a transverse plane, a radially truncated disk.
- the piezoelectric transducer may further comprise a support, and the piezoelectric pellet may be mounted between the support and the contact piece.
- the support may be of a material whose ratio T fE s ⁇ / d s is greater than 3 GPa 1/2 * cm 3 / g, preferably greater than 4 GPa 1/2 * cm 3 / g, more preferably greater than 6 * 1/2 GPa cm 3 / g, with E s Young's modulus of the material and s the density of this material.
- the support may comprise or consist of polycrystalline diamond and / or polycrystalline cubic boron nitride and / or beryllium and / or silicon carbide and / or alumina.
- Such a support makes it possible to stiffen the transducer and to record the first eigen modes typically beyond 1 MHz.
- the support is axisymmetric.
- the cylindrical support has a h / ds ratio of between 0.3 and 2, preferably between 0.4 and 1.5, more preferably between 0.6 and 1, with h the height and ds the diameter. of this cylindrical support.
- Such dimensions of the cylinder make it possible to optimally increase the value of the first natural frequency, in particular when the support is of the right cylinder type.
- the support may be an axially truncated sphere so as to form a mounting surface, and the piezoelectric pellet may be mounted on this mounting surface.
- bearing balls lapped in very hard materials (silicon carbide, etc.). Such bearing balls are commercially available at very low cost.
- the piezoelectric transducer may further include: a carrier element, and
- this or these positioning elements connecting the support and the carrier element and being of a material whose stiffness is less than 200 MPa, preferably less than 50 MPa, more preferably less than 10 MPa.
- the positioning element or elements may be arranged to filter the acoustic wave frequencies greater than 5 kHz, preferably greater than 1 kHz, more preferably greater than 100 Hz.
- This or these positioning elements thus constitute a low-pass filter (vibratory).
- the piezoelectric transducer may be arranged to emit and / or receive acoustic waves of frequencies between 5 kHz and 1 MHz, or more broadly between 1 kHz and 10 MHz, or even more preferably between 100 Hz and 100 MHz. MHz.
- Such a transducer is therefore suitable for ultrasound resonance spectroscopy.
- the contact piece may comprise at least nine points, preferably at least sixteen points, more preferably at least twenty-five points.
- the present invention also relates to an ultrasonic resonance spectroscopy device comprising at least one piezoelectric transducer according to a chosen combination of the characteristics described above.
- this spectroscopy device may comprise two piezoelectric transducers according to a chosen combination of the characteristics described above, and the directions in which the tips of one of said two piezoelectric transducers extend may be:
- the present invention also relates to a method of manufacturing a contact piece for a piezoelectric transducer according to a chosen combination of the characteristics described above, this method comprising a step of machining the tips by wire electro erosion.
- This type of machining makes it possible to accurately produce contact parts according to the invention, in particular for peak dimensions such as those mentioned above.
- the step of machining the tips may comprise:
- Figure 1 is a perspective view of a transducer contact part according to the invention.
- FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 are perspective views of a transducer according to a variant of the invention.
- Figure 4 is a perspective view of a transducer according to another embodiment of the invention
- Fig. 5 is a perspective view of an ultrasonic resonance spectroscopy device portion according to the invention, comprising the transducer of Figs. 2 and 3;
- FIG. 6 is a partial perspective view of an ultrasonic resonance spectroscopy device according to the invention, comprising two transducers;
- Figure 7 is a sectional view of a transducer contact part according to the invention.
- FIG. 8a and FIG. 8b show schematically a tip of a transducer contact piece according to the invention.
- variants of the invention comprising only a selection of characteristics described, isolated from the other characteristics described, even if this selection is isolated within a sentence comprising these other characteristics, if this selection of characteristics is sufficient to confer a technical advantage or to differentiate the invention from the state of the prior art.
- This selection comprises at least one characteristic, preferably functional without structural details, or with only a part of the structural details if this part alone is sufficient to confer a technical advantage or to differentiate the invention from the state of the prior art .
- FIGS 2 to 4 show piezoelectric transducers according to the invention. These transducers comprise a stack, typically with bonding, of an axisymmetric support 3, a piezoelectric pellet 2 and a contact piece 1, the piezoelectric pellet 2 being mounted between the support 3 and the contact piece 1.
- the support 3 of the transducer of FIGS. 2 and 3 is cylindrical and may typically have a h / ds ratio of between 0.3 and 2, preferably between 0.4 and 1.5, more preferably between 0.6 and 1. with h the height (typically between 2 and 20 mm) and ds the diameter (typically between 2 and 30 mm of this cylindrical support 3.
- the support 3b of the transducer of FIG. 4 is a sphere (of diameter typically between 3 and 30 mm) truncated axially.
- the truncation forms a mounting surface on which the piezoelectric pellet 2 is mounted.
- composition of the support 3 From the point of view of the composition of the support 3, it can:
- - comprise or consist of polycrystalline diamond and / or polycrystalline cubic boron nitride and / or beryllium and / or silicon carbide and / or alumina.
- FIG. 1 represents the contact part 1 of the transducer of FIGS. 2 to 4.
- the contact piece 1 forms tips 10 whose respective apices form contact points 11 spatially isolated from one another.
- the contact points 11 of the transducer are intended to put the transducer in contact, by a limited number of these contact points 11, with a sample to be analyzed, as illustrated in FIG. 7.
- FIG. 7 shows an E2 sample in contact with two contact points 11b of the contact piece 1b.
- the transducer according to the invention is arranged to establish a mechanical contact, by at least one of the contact points, with a sample to be analyzed.
- the contact points 11c actually form not a "point" as such but a surface 11d, at least below a certain observation scale of a tip 10c (see Figures 8a and 8b). However, this surface must be of negligible size compared to the dimensions of the transducer.
- Figure 7 shows a distribution of the contact points 11b in a convex surface SI.
- the SI surface is called convex because it appears convex from the outside of the transducer.
- the surface S1 is concave on the side of the tips 10 and convex on the other side.
- the contact points 11 of the contact piece 1 of FIGS. 1 to 4 preferably form a convex discrete surface.
- the contact points 11 are distributed so that no geometric plane passes through more than three of said contact points 11, or no geometric plane passes less than 0.5 pm from more than three of said contact points 11.
- the contact points 11 may be regularly spaced apart with a pitch D1 (preferably constant, but not necessarily) between 1 ⁇ m and 10 mm, preferably between 20 ⁇ m and 3 mm, more preferably between 50 ⁇ m and 1 mm, and / or
- the tips 10 may have a height D 2 of between 1 ⁇ m and 10 mm, preferably between 20 ⁇ m and 3 mm, more preferably between 50 ⁇ m and 1 mm.
- the contact piece 1 can:
- - comprise or consist of polycrystalline diamond and / or polycrystalline cubic boron nitride and / or beryllium and / or aluminum and / or magnesium.
- the contact piece 1 forms, in a transverse plane, a radially truncated disc. As illustrated in FIG. 5, such a truncation frees up a space and, despite the stacking of the piezoelectric pellet 2 with the contact piece 1, makes it possible to weld cables 81 and 82 on two terminals of the piezoelectric pellet 2 situated on a top of this chip, a first of these terminals being electrically connected to one face of the piezoelectric chip 2 and a second of these terminals being electrically connected to the other face of the piezoelectric chip 2.
- the contact piece 1 may comprise at least nine points, preferably at least sixteen points, more preferably at least twenty-five points.
- the pellet 2 is typically used with a PZT (Lead Zirconate Titanate) pellet having a thickness of between 0.05 and 3 mm.
- PZT Lead Zirconate Titanate
- the transducer comprises positioning elements 41, 42 and 43 visible in FIG.
- these positioning elements 41, 42 and 43 may be of a material whose stiffness is less than 200 MPa, preferably less than 50 MPa, more preferably less than 10 MPa, comprising or consisting typically of silicone or polyurethane.
- these positioning elements 41, 42 and 43 may be arranged to filter acoustic wave frequencies greater than 5 kHz, preferably greater than 1 kHz, more preferably greater than 100 Hz.
- acoustic waves one can for example use three silicone pads of diameter 1.5 mm and thickness 0.5 mm, insofar as the transducer has a mass of the order of 0.3 grams.
- the transducer 9 is typically mounted on a carrier element 7 by the positioning elements 41, 42 and 43.
- the carrier element 7 is for example a FR-4 type epoxy resin printed circuit.
- the piezoelectric pellet of the transducer 9 is connected to an impedance matching module 6, typically at 50 Ohms, by cables 81 and 82. Cables 83 and 84 connect this module 6 to attachment points of the circuit 7 .
- FIG. 6 represents an ultrasound resonance spectroscopy device according to the invention.
- a sample El to be analyzed is positioned on two piezoelectric transducers 9a and 9b of generally cylindrical shape, in accordance with the transducer of FIGS. 2 and 3.
- one 9a of the transducers operates as a transmitter and the other 9b as a receiver.
- the two transducers 9a and 9b are arranged not to pinch the sample between them, which increases the number of degrees of freedom of the El sample compared with prior art devices such as those described in FIG. Gladden 2003 and Hirano 1984.
- the relative positioning of the two transducers 9a and 9b, in angles and in distance, must be adjusted according to the size and shape of the sample El.
- the direction in which the one 9a of the two transducers extends crosses the direction in which the other 9b transducer extends.
- the axis of the cylindrical support of the transducer 9a crosses the axis of the cylindrical support of the transducer 9b.
- the directions in which the points of the transducer 9a extend cross the directions in which the points of the transducer 9b extend.
- the points of intersection of said directions are located in the direction in which the spikes extend from their base to the contact points.
- a flyweight respectively 5a and 5b is mounted on each of the carrier elements 7a and 7b on the opposite side relative to the respective transducer 9a and 9b.
- the weights 5a and 5b may be lead and may be positioned and have a mass and a shape capable of stabilizing the transducers 9a and 9b by inertia.
- weights 5a and 5b are also useful for reducing the eigenfrequencies of the carrier element 7.
- the piezoelectric transducers 9a and 9b may be arranged to transmit and / or receive acoustic waves of frequencies between 5 kHz and 1 MHz, preferably between 1 kHz and 10 MHz, more preferably between 100 Hz and 100 MHz .
- the contact piece 1 is preferably manufactured by a method implementing a step of machining the tips 10 by wire electroerosion comprising:
- the contact part 1 may have a truncation different from that shown in Figures 1 to 6, or have no truncation especially if the axisymmetric support and the contact piece are electrically conductive;
- the support may have any axisymmetric shape, for example with parabolic generators, making it possible to further improve the performance of the first natural frequency.
- the various features, shapes, variants and embodiments of the invention may be associated with each other in various combinations to the extent that they are not incompatible or exclusive of each other.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Multimedia (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
- Transducers For Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1659931A FR3057667B1 (fr) | 2016-10-13 | 2016-10-13 | Transducteur piezoelectrique, procede de fabrication s'y rapportant, et dispositif de spectroscopie par resonance ultrasonore |
| PCT/EP2017/073904 WO2018069016A1 (fr) | 2016-10-13 | 2017-09-21 | Transducteur piezoelectrique, procede de fabrication s'y rapportant, et dispositif de spectroscopie par resonance ultrasonore |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3526596A1 true EP3526596A1 (fr) | 2019-08-21 |
Family
ID=57583307
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP17778234.9A Withdrawn EP3526596A1 (fr) | 2016-10-13 | 2017-09-21 | Transducteur piezoelectrique, procede de fabrication s'y rapportant, et dispositif de spectroscopie par resonance ultrasonore |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US10859537B2 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP3526596A1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP7058644B2 (fr) |
| CA (1) | CA3039036A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3057667B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2018069016A1 (fr) |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS51140689U (fr) * | 1975-05-06 | 1976-11-12 | ||
| JPS60140153A (ja) * | 1983-12-28 | 1985-07-25 | Toshiba Corp | 超音波探触子の製造方法 |
| SE456971B (sv) * | 1987-03-18 | 1988-11-21 | Douglas H Mcqueen | Ultraljudsinstrument |
| US6467138B1 (en) * | 2000-05-24 | 2002-10-22 | Vermon | Integrated connector backings for matrix array transducers, matrix array transducers employing such backings and methods of making the same |
| JP4338565B2 (ja) | 2004-03-25 | 2009-10-07 | アロカ株式会社 | 超音波探触子及び超音波探触子の製造方法 |
| US20060218788A1 (en) * | 2005-03-30 | 2006-10-05 | Snecma Services | Method of manufacturing a hollow blade that includes a recessed tip cap and method of reparing such a blade |
| US8051715B2 (en) | 2009-02-25 | 2011-11-08 | The Boeing Company | Resonant inspection using reconfigurable nest |
| US9304112B2 (en) * | 2013-04-05 | 2016-04-05 | George Wyatt Rhodes | Method for detecting the purity of gold bullion |
-
2016
- 2016-10-13 FR FR1659931A patent/FR3057667B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2017
- 2017-09-21 CA CA3039036A patent/CA3039036A1/fr active Pending
- 2017-09-21 EP EP17778234.9A patent/EP3526596A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2017-09-21 JP JP2019520418A patent/JP7058644B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2017-09-21 WO PCT/EP2017/073904 patent/WO2018069016A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2017-09-21 US US16/341,491 patent/US10859537B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP7058644B2 (ja) | 2022-04-22 |
| US10859537B2 (en) | 2020-12-08 |
| FR3057667B1 (fr) | 2018-11-30 |
| FR3057667A1 (fr) | 2018-04-20 |
| US20190242857A1 (en) | 2019-08-08 |
| WO2018069016A1 (fr) | 2018-04-19 |
| CA3039036A1 (fr) | 2018-04-19 |
| JP2019532296A (ja) | 2019-11-07 |
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