EP3523136B1 - Method for producing a security element - Google Patents

Method for producing a security element Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3523136B1
EP3523136B1 EP17777933.7A EP17777933A EP3523136B1 EP 3523136 B1 EP3523136 B1 EP 3523136B1 EP 17777933 A EP17777933 A EP 17777933A EP 3523136 B1 EP3523136 B1 EP 3523136B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
support
liquid crystals
adhesion primer
layer
security element
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EP17777933.7A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3523136A1 (en
Inventor
Pierre Sarrazin
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Oberthur Fiduciaire SAS
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Oberthur Fiduciaire SAS
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/20—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof characterised by a particular use or purpose
    • B42D25/29—Securities; Bank notes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
    • B41M3/00—Printing processes to produce particular kinds of printed work, e.g. patterns
    • B41M3/14—Security printing
    • B41M3/144—Security printing using fluorescent, luminescent or iridescent effects
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • B42D25/36—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery comprising special materials
    • B42D25/364—Liquid crystals
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/40—Manufacture
    • B42D25/45—Associating two or more layers
    • B42D25/465—Associating two or more layers using chemicals or adhesives
    • B42D25/47—Associating two or more layers using chemicals or adhesives using adhesives

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to security elements for secure documents, and their manufacturing methods.
  • the invention relates more particularly to security elements carrying liquid crystals.
  • Liquid crystals especially cholesteric
  • security elements for their goniochromatic properties.
  • they are generally placed in front of a dark background, in particular black.
  • tape security elements also called security threads
  • security threads are very often incorporated into secure documents such as banknotes.
  • These security elements conventionally comprise a substrate made of a thermoplastic material, for example PET, which can be metallized and provided with demetallized zones in the form of patterns appearing in transmitted light.
  • a substrate made of a thermoplastic material, for example PET, which can be metallized and provided with demetallized zones in the form of patterns appearing in transmitted light.
  • the transfer process generates a loss of material and lamination steps, which make manufacturing more complex.
  • EP 1 744 904 discloses a substrate made of a biaxially oriented PET film coated with oriented liquid crystals. This type of structure does not offer complete satisfaction in terms of adhesion to the substrate.
  • JP 2009-98568 discloses a security element comprising an oriented film, of plastic material, capable of undergoing biaxial stretching and capable of carrying liquid crystals.
  • GB 2 527 763 discloses a sheet having an oriented polymeric film and capable of containing liquid crystals as well as an adhesive layer.
  • WO 2008/116796 relates to a security document comprising a plurality of polymeric films including a non-transparent film undergoing axial stretching. Adhesive layers can be applied to this film by printing. Furthermore, this film may include liquid crystals.
  • the invention aims to meet this need, and it achieves it by means of a method of manufacturing a security element comprising an oriented plastic support and at least one layer of liquid crystals carried and oriented by the support, a primer adhesion being deposited before or after the stretching of the support at least in one direction, said stretching making it possible to bring the support to the oriented state and the liquid crystals being deposited by printing on this adhesion primer.
  • adhesion primer should be understood to mean any layer promoting adhesion. Thus this expression should not be understood in a limiting manner.
  • the adhesion of liquid crystals is improved and the deposition of liquid crystals by printing offers multiple possibilities in terms of aesthetics and optical effects obtained.
  • liquid crystals can be carried out in any pattern, on well-defined areas, offering great flexibility in the arrangement. different means of securing within the element. It is possible to obtain a greater diversity of color change effects, without penalizing the transparency of the openings of a Cleartext, if necessary.
  • the invention makes it possible to avoid deposition of liquid crystals by transfer, which facilitates the implementation of the method.
  • the adhesion primer is deposited before a step of stretching the support.
  • the support is oriented in one direction, then the primer is deposited, and the support is then stretched in another direction.
  • the support preferably comprises PET, but other materials can be used.
  • the primer may require crosslinking before application of the liquid crystals, in particular when it comprises monomers.
  • the method can thus comprise a step of crosslinking the adhesion primer, preferably after stretching of the support.
  • the adhesion primer may comprise a polyolefin (or polyalkene), preferably polyethylene, polyurethane, polyester, polyether, polycarbonate, polyacrylic or one of their copolymers, and preferably comprise a polyacrylic.
  • a polyolefin or polyalkene
  • polyethylene preferably polyethylene, polyurethane, polyester, polyether, polycarbonate, polyacrylic or one of their copolymers, and preferably comprise a polyacrylic.
  • the adhesion primer may comprise, in particular before its deposition, at least one olefin (or alkene), urethane, ester, ether, carbonate or acrylic, preferably acrylic, monomer.
  • the application of the primer can be carried out by any means, and in particular by printing, coating, spraying or co-extrusion.
  • the printing of the liquid crystals can be carried out by any means and preferably by screen printing, gravure printing or flexography.
  • the liquid crystals are deposited after stretching of the support.
  • the method may include printing on the adhesion primer two different inks, at least one of which comprises liquid crystals, better still both of which include liquid crystals, the liquid crystals preferably being cholesteric.
  • the reflective haze effect (“Reflection Haze” hereinafter “Haze”) of the cholesteric liquid crystal layer may be lower than that of a reference security element without the adhesion primer layer.
  • Diffusion haze in reflection causes a milky appearance, related to low intensity light scattering next to the main reflection, which corresponds to the reflection in the specular direction.
  • the measurement can be performed according to ASTM D4039-09 (reapproved 2015) or ISO 13803: 2014. This allows visibility over a wider angular range of the goniochromatic effect and therefore masking of the background over a wider angular range.
  • a dark background can be provided under the liquid crystal layer, in particular on the opposite side of the support.
  • the dark background can be provided on the liquid crystal layer, in particular on the same side of the support.
  • This dark background can be obtained by printing a dye, or a pigment (absorbent or interference).
  • the dark background is obtained by metallization, in particular under vacuum or electrochemically or by any other technique for depositing a metal, a metal oxide or a metal oxide salt.
  • the dark background can also be carried by an additional support, preferably comprising PET, fixed to the support by any suitable means, in particular by lamination using an adhesive. Where appropriate, the additional support is preferably attached to the support on the side of the liquid crystal layer.
  • the dark background is at least partially superimposed on the liquid crystal layer.
  • the dark background is preferably arranged in a marked manner relative to the printing of the liquid crystals; in particular, the dark background can be exactly superimposed on the liquid crystals.
  • the dark background can be achieved before or after the application of the liquid crystals.
  • the dark background may have a transmission rate of less than 80%, and is preferably opaque.
  • the adhesion primer is preferably transparent.
  • the security element may include printing of at least two liquid crystal inks, preferably without superimposition between them.
  • the adhesion of the liquid crystal layer on the support measured according to the Tesa test described below is preferably equal to 2.
  • the liquid crystal layer is in the form of patterns, in particular alphanumeric.
  • the subject of the invention is also a method for authenticating a security element according to the invention, comprising the observation of the element so as to determine whether a goniochromatic effect is observed for incidences greater than or equal to 70 °. , and the step of generating information regarding the authenticity based at least on this observation.
  • the authentication method may include observing the element through a polarizing filter in order to demonstrate the orientation of the support and the adhesion primer and the step of generating information relating to the. authenticity on the basis of at least this observation.
  • a security element 10 comprising a support 11, a bonding primer 12 and a liquid crystal layer 13 deposited by printing on the primer 12.
  • Layer 13 is formed by two prints 13a, 13b without superimposition between them, of different colors.
  • the impressions 13a and 13b together do not cover the entire surface area of the face 11a of the support.
  • the prints 13a and 13b together cover the entire face 11a of the support.
  • the prints are advantageously carried out superimposed on an opaque background, preferably dark or reflecting, for example black.
  • the opaque layer 15 is for example an impression of a black ink or a metallization.
  • Layer 15 is produced, for example, after depositing layer 13 of liquid crystals.
  • the opaque layer 15 is present on the liquid crystal layer 13 on the same side of the support. The observation of the security element is then made from the side of the support opposite to the layer 13 of liquid crystals.
  • the support is made of a stretchable thermoplastic material.
  • the support is made of PET, polypropylene or polyethylene.
  • an additional support preferably comprising PET, is attached to the support by any suitable means, in particular by lamination using an adhesive.
  • the additional support is preferably attached to the support on the side of the liquid crystal layer.
  • the liquid crystal layer is preferably in the form of patterns, and for example covers less than 50% of the surface of the support. The adhesion between the support and the additional support is thus reinforced.
  • the liquid crystals are cholesteric liquid crystals (CLC).
  • the liquid crystals are nematic liquid crystals.
  • the ink can be a mixture of cholesteric and nematic liquid crystals, in a ratio chosen as a function of the desired color variation.
  • the adhesion primer increases the adhesion of the liquid crystals to the support without thereby preventing the support from participating by its intrinsic structure in the orientation of the liquid crystals.
  • the adhesion primer comprises one or more polymers.
  • the primer can be applied in the form of monomers, in particular olefin (or alkene), urethane, ester, ether, carbonate or acrylic, preferably acrylic, on the support and this application is then followed by crosslinking, for example by exposure to UV radiation
  • the chemical nature of the primer is chosen so as to have the best affinity with the liquid crystal ink used.
  • the liquid crystal inks being based on acrylate monomers, it is preferred to use a primer based on acrylate monomers as well.
  • the quantity of primer which is deposited is chosen so that the thickness of the deposit remains sufficiently low for the structure of the underlying support to remain active with respect to the orientation of the liquid crystals.
  • the thickness of the primer is thus preferably less than 1000 nm, better still less than 100 nm.
  • the security element may include, in addition to the liquid crystals, any other security means chosen from those of first, second or third levels.
  • the security element according to the invention is advantageously a security thread, a foil, a patch or a variable data protection film. It may also be a card or a protective or tamper-evident film.
  • a security element consisting of a security thread
  • the latter can be integrated into windows in a security paper such as a bank note 30, as illustrated in figure 8 .
  • the security element then extends from one edge 31 to the other 32 of the document.
  • the security element When the security element is in the form of a wire, its width is for example between 1 and 10 mm and its thickness between 10 and 100 ⁇ m.
  • the security element is applied by transfer to the surface of a paper, film or card, for example.
  • the term “patch” denotes a film which does not cover the entire surface of the underlying substrate.
  • the method comprises, as illustrated in figure 7 , a step 21 of making a plastic film, for example by extrusion.
  • This film can be monolayer or multilayer.
  • the adhesion primer is applied in a step 23, then the film is stretched again, in a direction different from the first, for example in the transverse direction (also called the transverse direction), in a step 24.
  • liquid crystals are deposited by printing in step 25, on the film thus bi-stretched and coated with the adhesion primer.
  • the orientation of the liquid crystals takes place during the evaporation of the solvent present in the ink used.
  • This evaporation is preferably carried out by “airborne” drying (Air Flow in English), preferably horizontally to promote the orientation of the liquid crystals.
  • the ink is crosslinkable under UV, and the crosslinking which follows the deposition of the ink makes it possible to definitively fix this orientation.
  • Printing is preferably carried out with several liquid crystal inks, which are preferably deposited without overlap between them.
  • the inks can be deposited in the form of solids or patterns.
  • pattern denotes any pattern recognizable to the naked eye in particular, such as for example one or more alphanumeric characters, or the image of a subject such as a character, animal, object, landscape, plant or monument. . It may be a halftone raster pattern, preferably appearing in 3D due to a shading effect obtained by halftone reproduction of the pattern. It may be a repeating pattern arranged in a given direction, in a frame or preferably in a checkerboard arrangement.
  • Printing can be done by flexography, screen printing or gravure printing, among other printing techniques that can be used.
  • the film undergoes a double stretching in the running and transverse directions after application of the adhesion primer. This removal preferably takes place after a first stretching in the running direction.
  • the authentication of a security element according to the invention can be carried out by observing the element so as to determine whether a goniochromatic effect is observed for incidences greater than or equal to 70 °, this effect being linked to the presence of liquid crystals.
  • Authentication may include observing the element through a polarizing filter with a view to demonstrating the orientation of the support and the adhesion primer and the step of generating information relating to the authenticity on at least the basis of this observation.
  • the bi-orientation of the support can be verified by analyzing the birefringence of the film, in a conventional manner.
  • a linear polarizer such as a filter to put on the security element, which is rotated 90 ° to determine if you change from a dark appearance to a lighter appearance when rotating.
  • the “Tesa” test mentioned below is an adhesion test of a layer deposited on a substrate, in which an adhesive tape is applied to the layer of which it is sought to measure the cohesion and the adhesion to the substrate.
  • the mixture constitutes an ink with an acrylic base, comprising cholesteric and nematic liquid crystals.
  • the ratio chosen between cholesteric and nematic liquid crystals gives the color; here we get a change from blue to green-yellow with the angle of observation.
  • the liquid crystals are deposited to a thickness of 3 microns, on the coating bar.
  • Hot air blown drying is performed to align the liquid crystals.
  • the ink is subjected to UV crosslinking.
  • the plasma treatment does not provide optimal adhesion, but the alignment of the liquid crystals is correct.
  • the chemically etched PET film provides excellent adhesion, but the optical effect is degraded.
  • the liquid crystal deposition is carried out as in Examples 1 to 3 by means of a commercially available liquid crystal ink.
  • Offline the application occurs after the PET film stretching steps.
  • In-line the application takes place during the manufacture of the film between at least two stages of stretching of the PET film.
  • the goniochromatic effect is surprisingly preserved for Examples 5 to 7, despite the presence of an intermediate primer layer between the biaxially oriented PET support which allows alignment and the liquid crystal layer.
  • the alignment of the liquid crystals is modified by the presence of the adhesion primer.
  • the modification of this alignment makes it possible to increase the visibility of the color change effect, and to give the liquid crystal layer a translucency which makes it possible to limit the visibility of the black background.
  • the degree of translucency can be determined by measuring the “Haze” in reflection according to ASTM D4039-09 and ISO13803. This is a measure of haze, i.e. milky opalescence, glossy or clear topcoat.
  • the “Haze” of the layer of liquid crystals on a support according to the invention can be lower than that of the layer of liquid crystals on an untreated PET, which results in much less gloss than for the layer of liquid crystals on a support. standard.
  • the reduction of the “Haze” increases the light diffusion of the liquid crystal layer and therefore allows the observation of the goniochromatic effect over a larger range of angles.
  • the goniochromatic effect is maintained with a support according to the invention, whereas with a standard support, the liquid crystals are no longer visible and the dark background is observed, which is not desirable.
  • the “Haze”, measured according to the ISO 13803: 2014 standard, of the films (1) and (6) is respectively 274 and 79. Such a measurement is illustrated on the figure 9 on which the support to be measured 91 is illuminated at an angle ⁇ which is for example 20 ° for the aforementioned standard).
  • the “Haze” is measured by means of the sensors 92 and corresponds to the intensity of the light rays 93, as opposed to the brightness which corresponds to the intensity of the specular ray 94 (angle -a).
  • the intensity of sample 6 is greater than that of sample 1, which reflects the visibility over a wider angular range of the goniochromatic effect of sample 6.

Description

La présente invention concerne les éléments de sécurité pour documents sécurisés, et leurs procédés de fabrication.The present invention relates to security elements for secure documents, and their manufacturing methods.

L'invention concerne plus particulièrement les éléments de sécurité portant des cristaux liquides.The invention relates more particularly to security elements carrying liquid crystals.

Les cristaux liquides, notamment cholestériques, sont largement utilisés dans les éléments de sécurité pour leurs propriétés goniochromatiques. De façon à améliorer la visibilité de l'effet de changement de couleur avec l'angle d'observation, ils sont généralement disposés devant un fond sombre, en particulier noir.Liquid crystals, especially cholesteric, are widely used in security elements for their goniochromatic properties. In order to improve the visibility of the color change effect with the angle of observation, they are generally placed in front of a dark background, in particular black.

Par ailleurs, les éléments de sécurité en bande, encore appelées fils de sécurité, sont très souvent incorporés à des documents sécurisés tels que des billets de banque.Furthermore, tape security elements, also called security threads, are very often incorporated into secure documents such as banknotes.

Ces éléments de sécurité comportent classiquement un substrat en une matière thermoplastique, par exemple du PET, qui peut être métallisé et pourvu de zones démétallisées sous forme de motifs apparaissant en lumière transmise.These security elements conventionally comprise a substrate made of a thermoplastic material, for example PET, which can be metallized and provided with demetallized zones in the form of patterns appearing in transmitted light.

Il y a un intérêt pour munir ces éléments de sécurité de cristaux liquides afin de renforcer la sécurité en créant des effets optiques visibles à l'œil nu.There is an interest in providing these security elements with liquid crystals in order to enhance security by creating optical effects visible to the naked eye.

La dépose des cristaux liquides se heurte toutefois à de multiples problèmes, qui ne sont résolus à l'heure actuelle qu'au travers de procédés complexes à mettre en œuvre, coûteux et imposant certaines limitations en termes de disposition.However, the deposition of liquid crystals comes up against multiple problems, which are currently only solved through processes that are complex to implement, costly and impose certain limitations in terms of arrangement.

Ainsi, il est connu d'appliquer les cristaux liquides sous forme d'un aplat par un procédé de transfert, avec l'inconvénient de limiter les possibilités sur le plan artistique, et d'imposer la présence de cristaux liquides dans les zones démétallisées. Cela confère une coloration en lumière transmise qui est peu attractive, et la présence de cristaux liquides dans les zones démétallisées augmente le coût de la sécurité sans apporter de gain significatif en termes de sécurité ou sur le plan artistique.Thus, it is known to apply liquid crystals in the form of a solid by a transfer process, with the drawback of limiting the possibilities on the artistic level, and of imposing the presence of liquid crystals in the demetallized zones. This imparts a coloration in transmitted light which is unattractive, and the presence of liquid crystals in the demetallized areas increases the cost of security without providing any significant gain in terms of security or artistically.

Le procédé de transfert engendre une perte de matière et des étapes de lamination, qui complexifient la fabrication.The transfer process generates a loss of material and lamination steps, which make manufacturing more complex.

EP 1 744 904 divulgue un substrat constitué d'un film de PET bi-orienté revêtu de cristaux liquides orientés. Ce type de structure n'offre pas entière satisfaction en termes d'adhésion au substrat. EP 1 744 904 discloses a substrate made of a biaxially oriented PET film coated with oriented liquid crystals. This type of structure does not offer complete satisfaction in terms of adhesion to the substrate.

La demande US 2003189684 décrit divers procédés permettant l'orientation de cristaux liquides.Requirement US 2003189684 describes various methods for the orientation of liquid crystals.

La demande US20070216518 divulgue des structures multicouches à cristaux liquides. La superposition des cristaux liquides rend les structures coûteuses, en augmentant la quantité de cristaux liquides à utiliser. Une fabrication par un procédé de transfert est privilégiée.Requirement US20070216518 discloses multilayer liquid crystal structures. The superposition of liquid crystals makes structures expensive, increasing the amount of liquid crystals to be used. Manufacturing by a transfer process is preferred.

La demande EP2 073 986 décrit également des structures avec superposition de cristaux liquides.Requirement EP2 073 986 also describes structures with superposition of liquid crystals.

JP 2009-98568 divulgue un élément de sécurité comportant un film orienté, en matière plastique, pouvant subir un étirement biaxial et pouvant porter des cristaux liquides. JP 2009-98568 discloses a security element comprising an oriented film, of plastic material, capable of undergoing biaxial stretching and capable of carrying liquid crystals.

GB 2 527 763 décrit une feuille comportant un film polymérique orienté et pouvant contenir des cristaux liquides ainsi qu'une couche d'adhésif. GB 2 527 763 discloses a sheet having an oriented polymeric film and capable of containing liquid crystals as well as an adhesive layer.

WO 2008/116796 concerne un document de sécurité comportant une pluralité de films polymériques dont un film non-transparent subissant un étirement axial. Des couches d'adhésif peuvent être appliquées à ce film par impression. Par ailleurs, ce film peut comporter des cristaux liquides. WO 2008/116796 relates to a security document comprising a plurality of polymeric films including a non-transparent film undergoing axial stretching. Adhesive layers can be applied to this film by printing. Furthermore, this film may include liquid crystals.

Il existe un besoin pour perfectionner encore les éléments de sécurité à cristaux liquides et leurs procédés de fabrication, afin notamment de disposer d'éléments de sécurité dans lesquels les cristaux liquides adhèrent bien au substrat, sont utilisés pleinement et d'une façon permettant une grande richesse d'effets optiques.There is a need to further improve the liquid crystal security elements and their manufacturing processes, in particular to have security elements in which the liquid crystals adhere well to the substrate, are used fully and in a manner allowing a large wealth of optical effects.

L'invention vise à répondre à ce besoin, et elle y parvient grâce à un procédé de fabrication d'un élément de sécurité comportant un support en matière plastique orienté et au moins une couche de cristaux liquides portés et orientés par le support, un primaire d'adhésion étant déposé avant ou après l'étirement du support au moins selon une direction, ledit étirement permettant d'amener le support à l'état orienté et les cristaux liquides étant déposés par impression sur ce primaire d'adhésion.The invention aims to meet this need, and it achieves it by means of a method of manufacturing a security element comprising an oriented plastic support and at least one layer of liquid crystals carried and oriented by the support, a primer adhesion being deposited before or after the stretching of the support at least in one direction, said stretching making it possible to bring the support to the oriented state and the liquid crystals being deposited by printing on this adhesion primer.

Par «primaire d'adhésion» il faut comprendre toute couche favorisant l'accrochage. Ainsi cette expression ne doit pas être comprise de façon limitative.The term “adhesion primer” should be understood to mean any layer promoting adhesion. Thus this expression should not be understood in a limiting manner.

Grâce à l'invention, l'adhésion des cristaux liquides est améliorée et le dépôt des cristaux liquides par impression offre de multiples possibilités sur le plan esthétique et des effets optiques obtenus.Thanks to the invention, the adhesion of liquid crystals is improved and the deposition of liquid crystals by printing offers multiple possibilities in terms of aesthetics and optical effects obtained.

L'application des cristaux liquides peut s'effectuer selon des motifs quelconques, sur des zones bien définies, offrant une grande flexibilité dans l'agencement des différents moyens de sécurisation au sein de l'élément. Il est possible d'obtenir une plus grande diversité d'effets de changements de couleur, sans pénaliser le cas échéant la transparence des ajours d'un Cleartext.The application of the liquid crystals can be carried out in any pattern, on well-defined areas, offering great flexibility in the arrangement. different means of securing within the element. It is possible to obtain a greater diversity of color change effects, without penalizing the transparency of the openings of a Cleartext, if necessary.

L'invention permet d'éviter un dépôt des cristaux liquides par transfert, ce qui facilite la mise en œuvre du procédé.The invention makes it possible to avoid deposition of liquid crystals by transfer, which facilitates the implementation of the method.

De préférence, le primaire d'adhésion est déposé avant une étape d'étirement du support.Preferably, the adhesion primer is deposited before a step of stretching the support.

De préférence encore, le support est orienté dans une direction, ensuite le primaire est déposé, et le support est ensuite étiré dans une autre direction.More preferably, the support is oriented in one direction, then the primer is deposited, and the support is then stretched in another direction.

Le fait d'appliquer le primaire avant étirement du support permet au primaire d'accompagner l'étirement du support et ainsi améliore encore l'orientation des cristaux liquides.The fact of applying the primer before stretching of the support allows the primer to accompany the stretching of the support and thus further improves the orientation of the liquid crystals.

Le support comporte de préférence du PET, mais d'autres matériaux sont utilisables.The support preferably comprises PET, but other materials can be used.

Le primaire peut nécessiter une réticulation avant application des cristaux liquides, notamment lorsqu'il comporte des monomères. Le procédé peut ainsi comprendre une étape de réticulation du primaire d'adhésion, de préférence après étirement du support.The primer may require crosslinking before application of the liquid crystals, in particular when it comprises monomers. The method can thus comprise a step of crosslinking the adhesion primer, preferably after stretching of the support.

Le primaire d'adhésion peut comporter une polyoléfine (ou polyalcène), de préférence polyéthylène, polyuréthane, polyester, polyéther, polycarbonate, polyacrylique ou un de leurs copolymères, et de préférence comporter un polyacrylique.The adhesion primer may comprise a polyolefin (or polyalkene), preferably polyethylene, polyurethane, polyester, polyether, polycarbonate, polyacrylic or one of their copolymers, and preferably comprise a polyacrylic.

Le primaire d'adhésion peut comporter, notamment avant son dépôt, au moins un monomère oléfine (ou alcène), uréthane, ester, éther, carbonate ou acrylique, de préférence acrylique.The adhesion primer may comprise, in particular before its deposition, at least one olefin (or alkene), urethane, ester, ether, carbonate or acrylic, preferably acrylic, monomer.

L'application du primaire peut s'effectuer par tout moyen, et notamment par impression, couchage, pulvérisation ou co-extrusion.The application of the primer can be carried out by any means, and in particular by printing, coating, spraying or co-extrusion.

L'impression des cristaux liquides peut s'effectuer par tout moyen et de préférence par sérigraphie, héliogravure ou flexographie. Les cristaux liquides sont déposés après étirement du support.The printing of the liquid crystals can be carried out by any means and preferably by screen printing, gravure printing or flexography. The liquid crystals are deposited after stretching of the support.

Le procédé peut comporter l'impression sur le primaire d'adhésion de deux encres différentes, dont l'une au moins comporte les cristaux liquides, mieux dont les deux comportent des cristaux liquides, les cristaux liquides étant de préférence cholestériques.The method may include printing on the adhesion primer two different inks, at least one of which comprises liquid crystals, better still both of which include liquid crystals, the liquid crystals preferably being cholesteric.

Ces deux encres peuvent être déposées sans superposition ; on limite ainsi la quantité déposée à la quantité juste utile.These two inks can be deposited without overlapping; the quantity deposited is thus limited to the quantity which is just useful.

L'effet de voile de diffusion en réflexion (« Haze de réflexion » ci-après « Haze ») de la couche de cristaux liquides cholestériques peut être inférieur à celui d'un élément de sécurité de référence sans la couche de primaire d'adhésion. Le voile de diffusion en réflexion est à l'origine d'un aspect laiteux, lié à une diffusion de lumière de faible intensité à côté de la réflexion principale, qui correspond à la réflexion dans la direction spéculaire. La mesure peut s'effectuer selon la norme ASTM D4039-09 (reapproved 2015) ou ISO 13803:2014. Cela permet une visibilité sur une plage angulaire plus étendue de l'effet goniochromatique et par conséquent un masquage du fond sur une plage angulaire plus étendue.The reflective haze effect ("Reflection Haze" hereinafter "Haze") of the cholesteric liquid crystal layer may be lower than that of a reference security element without the adhesion primer layer. . Diffusion haze in reflection causes a milky appearance, related to low intensity light scattering next to the main reflection, which corresponds to the reflection in the specular direction. The measurement can be performed according to ASTM D4039-09 (reapproved 2015) or ISO 13803: 2014. This allows visibility over a wider angular range of the goniochromatic effect and therefore masking of the background over a wider angular range.

Un fond sombre peut être prévu sous la couche de cristaux liquides, notamment du côté opposé du support. En variante, le fond sombre peut être prévu sur la couche de cristaux liquides, notamment du même côté du support. Ce fond sombre peut être obtenu par impression d'un colorant, ou d'un pigment (absorbant ou interférentiel). En variante le fond sombre est obtenu par métallisation, notamment sous vide ou par voie électrochimique ou par toute autre technique de dépôt d'un métal, d'un oxyde métallique ou d'un sel d'oxyde métallique. Le fond sombre peut également être porté par un support supplémentaire, comportant de préférence du PET, fixé au support par tout moyen approprié, notamment par lamination au moyen d'un adhésif. Le cas échéant le support supplémentaire est de préférence fixé au support du côté de la couche de cristaux liquides.A dark background can be provided under the liquid crystal layer, in particular on the opposite side of the support. As a variant, the dark background can be provided on the liquid crystal layer, in particular on the same side of the support. This dark background can be obtained by printing a dye, or a pigment (absorbent or interference). As a variant, the dark background is obtained by metallization, in particular under vacuum or electrochemically or by any other technique for depositing a metal, a metal oxide or a metal oxide salt. The dark background can also be carried by an additional support, preferably comprising PET, fixed to the support by any suitable means, in particular by lamination using an adhesive. Where appropriate, the additional support is preferably attached to the support on the side of the liquid crystal layer.

De préférence, le fond sombre se superpose au moins partiellement à la couche de cristaux liquides.Preferably, the dark background is at least partially superimposed on the liquid crystal layer.

Le fond sombre est de préférence disposé de façon repérée par rapport à l'impression des cristaux liquides ; en particulier, le fond sombre peut se superposer exactement aux cristaux liquides.The dark background is preferably arranged in a marked manner relative to the printing of the liquid crystals; in particular, the dark background can be exactly superimposed on the liquid crystals.

Le fond sombre peut être réalisé avant ou après l'application des cristaux liquides.The dark background can be achieved before or after the application of the liquid crystals.

Le fond sombre peut présenter un taux de transmission inférieur à 80 %, et est de préférence opaque.The dark background may have a transmission rate of less than 80%, and is preferably opaque.

Le primaire d'adhésion est de préférence transparent.The adhesion primer is preferably transparent.

L'invention a encore pour objet, selon un autre de ses aspects, un élément de sécurité pour document sécurisé, notamment obtenu à l'aide d'un procédé selon l'invention tel que défini plus haut, comportant :

  1. a. un support en matière thermoplastique étirée,
  2. b. un primaire d'adhésion à la surface du support,
  3. c. au moins une couche de cristaux liquides, notamment cholestériques, déposée par impression sur le primaire d'adhésion.
Another subject of the invention, according to another of its aspects, is a security element for a secure document, in particular obtained using a method according to the invention as defined above, comprising:
  1. at. a support in stretched thermoplastic material,
  2. b. an adhesion primer to the surface of the support,
  3. vs. at least one layer of liquid crystals, in particular cholesteric, deposited by printing on the adhesion primer.

L'élément de sécurité peut comporter une impression d'au moins deux encres à cristaux liquides, de préférence sans superposition entre elles.The security element may include printing of at least two liquid crystal inks, preferably without superimposition between them.

L'adhésion de la couche de cristaux liquides sur le support mesurée selon le test Tesa décrit ci-après est de préférence égale à 2.The adhesion of the liquid crystal layer on the support measured according to the Tesa test described below is preferably equal to 2.

De préférence, la couche de cristaux liquides est sous forme de motifs, notamment alphanumériques.Preferably, the liquid crystal layer is in the form of patterns, in particular alphanumeric.

L'invention a encore pour objet un procédé d'authentification d'un élément de sécurité selon l'invention, comportant l'observation de l'élément de façon à déterminer si un effet goniochromatique est observé pour des incidences supérieures ou égales à 70°, et l'étape consistant à générer une information concernant l'authenticité sur la base au moins de cette observation.The subject of the invention is also a method for authenticating a security element according to the invention, comprising the observation of the element so as to determine whether a goniochromatic effect is observed for incidences greater than or equal to 70 °. , and the step of generating information regarding the authenticity based at least on this observation.

Le procédé d'authentification peut comporter l'observation de l'élément au travers d'un filtre polarisant en vue de mettre en évidence l'orientation du support et du primaire d'adhésion et l'étape consistant à générer une information concernant l'authenticité sur la base au moins de cette observation.The authentication method may include observing the element through a polarizing filter in order to demonstrate the orientation of the support and the adhesion primer and the step of generating information relating to the. authenticity on the basis of at least this observation.

L'invention pourra être mieux comprise à la lecture de la description qui va suivre, d'exemples non limitatifs de mise en œuvre de celle-ci, et à l'examen du dessin annexé, sur lequel :

  • La figure 1 représente en vue de dessus un élément de sécurité selon l'invention,
  • la figure 2 est une coupe longitudinale selon II-II de la figure 1,
  • la figure 3 représente un détail de réalisation de l'élément,
  • la figure 4 est une vue analogue à la figure 1 d'une variante de réalisation,
  • la figure 5 est une coupe longitudinale de l'élément de la figure 4,
  • la figure 6 est une vue analogue à la figure 3 d'une variante de réalisation de l'élément,
  • la figure 7 illustre différentes étapes d'un exemple de procédé selon l'invention,
  • la figure 8 représente un exemple d'article sécurisé incorporant un élément sécurisé selon l'invention, et
  • la figure 9 est un schéma illustrant la mesure du « Haze » décrit ci-après.
The invention may be better understood on reading the description which follows, of non-limiting examples of its implementation, and on examining the appended drawing, in which:
  • The figure 1 shows a top view of a security element according to the invention,
  • the figure 2 is a longitudinal section along II-II of the figure 1 ,
  • the figure 3 represents a detail of the realization of the element,
  • the figure 4 is a view analogous to figure 1 an alternative embodiment,
  • the figure 5 is a longitudinal section of the element of the figure 4 ,
  • the figure 6 is a view analogous to figure 3 an alternative embodiment of the element,
  • the figure 7 illustrates different steps of an example of a method according to the invention,
  • the figure 8 represents an example of a secure article incorporating a secure element according to the invention, and
  • the figure 9 is a diagram illustrating the measurement of the “Haze” described below.

Sur le dessin, les proportions réelles n'ont pas toujours été respectées dans un souci de clarté.In the drawing, the actual proportions have not always been observed for the sake of clarity.

On a représenté sur les figures 1 à 3 un élément de sécurité 10 selon l'invention, comportant un support 11, un primaire d'accrochage 12 et une couche de cristaux liquides 13 déposée par impression sur le primaire 12.We have represented on the figures 1 to 3 a security element 10 according to the invention, comprising a support 11, a bonding primer 12 and a liquid crystal layer 13 deposited by printing on the primer 12.

La couche 13 est formée par deux impressions 13a, 13b sans superposition entre elles, de couleurs différentes. Dans l'exemple des figures 1 à 3, les impressions 13a et 13b ne couvrent ensemble pas toute la superficie de la face 11a du support. Il subsiste ainsi autour des impressions des zones 14 pouvant être utilisées par d'autres moyens de sécurisation, tels que par exemple une couche, notamment une encre, fluorescente ou opaque.Layer 13 is formed by two prints 13a, 13b without superimposition between them, of different colors. In the example of figures 1 to 3 , the impressions 13a and 13b together do not cover the entire surface area of the face 11a of the support. Areas 14 which can be used by other securing means, such as for example a layer, in particular an ink, fluorescent or opaque, remain around the prints.

Dans l'exemple des figures 4 à 6, les impressions 13a et 13b couvrent ensemble toute la face 11a du support.In the example of figures 4 to 6 , the prints 13a and 13b together cover the entire face 11a of the support.

De façon à améliorer la visibilité des cristaux liquides, les impressions sont avantageusement effectuées en superposition à un fond opaque, de préférence sombre ou réfléchissant, par exemple noir.In order to improve the visibility of the liquid crystals, the prints are advantageously carried out superimposed on an opaque background, preferably dark or reflecting, for example black.

A titre d'exemple, on a illustré sur la figure 6 la présence d'un fond sombre sous la forme d'une couche opaque 15 sur le support 11, du côté opposé à la couche 13 de cristaux liquides. La couche opaque 15 est par exemple une impression d'une encre noire ou une métallisation.By way of example, we have illustrated on the figure 6 the presence of a dark background in the form of an opaque layer 15 on the support 11, on the side opposite to the layer 13 of liquid crystals. The opaque layer 15 is for example an impression of a black ink or a metallization.

La réalisation de la couche 15 s'effectue par exemple après dépôt de la couche 13 de cristaux liquides.Layer 15 is produced, for example, after depositing layer 13 of liquid crystals.

Selon une variante de réalisation de la figure 6, la couche opaque 15 est présente sur la couche 13 de cristaux liquides du même côté du support. L'observation de l'élément de sécurité se fait alors depuis le côté du support opposé à la couche 13 de cristaux liquides.According to an alternative embodiment of the figure 6 , the opaque layer 15 is present on the liquid crystal layer 13 on the same side of the support. The observation of the security element is then made from the side of the support opposite to the layer 13 of liquid crystals.

SupportSupport

Le support est réalisé en une matière thermoplastique étirable.The support is made of a stretchable thermoplastic material.

De préférence, le support est réalisé en PET, polypropylène ou polyéthylène.Preferably, the support is made of PET, polypropylene or polyethylene.

Afin d'améliorer la durabilité de l'élément de sécurité, un support supplémentaire, comportant de préférence du PET, est fixé au support par tout moyen approprié, notamment par lamination au moyen d'un adhésif.In order to improve the durability of the security element, an additional support, preferably comprising PET, is attached to the support by any suitable means, in particular by lamination using an adhesive.

Le support supplémentaire est de préférence fixé au support du côté de la couche de cristaux liquides. Dans une variante destinée à améliorer la cohésion du sandwich ainsi formé, la couche de cristaux liquides est de préférence sous forme de motifs, et recouvre par exemple moins de 50 % de la surface du support. L'adhésion entre le support et le support supplémentaire est ainsi renforcée.The additional support is preferably attached to the support on the side of the liquid crystal layer. In a variant intended to improve the cohesion of the sandwich thus formed, the liquid crystal layer is preferably in the form of patterns, and for example covers less than 50% of the surface of the support. The adhesion between the support and the additional support is thus reinforced.

Cristaux liquidesLiquid crystals

De préférence, les cristaux liquides sont des cristaux liquides cholestériques (CLC). En variante, les cristaux liquides sont des cristaux liquides nématiques.Preferably, the liquid crystals are cholesteric liquid crystals (CLC). Alternatively, the liquid crystals are nematic liquid crystals.

De nombreuses encres à cristaux liquides existent actuellement sur le marché et peuvent être utilisées. L'encre peut être un mélange de cristaux liquides cholestériques et nématiques, dans un ratio choisi en fonction de la variation de couleur recherchée.Many liquid crystal inks currently exist on the market and can be used. The ink can be a mixture of cholesteric and nematic liquid crystals, in a ratio chosen as a function of the desired color variation.

Primaire d'adhésionPrimary membership

Le primaire d'adhésion accroît l'adhérence des cristaux liquides au support sans pour autant empêcher le support de participer de par sa structure intrinsèque à l'orientation des cristaux liquides.The adhesion primer increases the adhesion of the liquid crystals to the support without thereby preventing the support from participating by its intrinsic structure in the orientation of the liquid crystals.

Le primaire d'adhésion comporte un ou plusieurs polymères.The adhesion primer comprises one or more polymers.

Le primaire peut être appliqué sous forme de monomères, notamment oléfine (ou alcène), uréthane, ester, éther, carbonate ou acrylique, de préférence acrylique, sur le support et cette application est alors suivie d'une réticulation, par exemple par exposition à un rayonnement UVThe primer can be applied in the form of monomers, in particular olefin (or alkene), urethane, ester, ether, carbonate or acrylic, preferably acrylic, on the support and this application is then followed by crosslinking, for example by exposure to UV radiation

De préférence, la nature chimique du primaire est choisie de façon à présenter la meilleure affinité avec l'encre à cristaux liquides utilisée. Ainsi, de nombreuses encres à cristaux liquides étant à base de monomères acrylates, on préfère utiliser un primaire à base de monomères acrylates également.Preferably, the chemical nature of the primer is chosen so as to have the best affinity with the liquid crystal ink used. Thus, many liquid crystal inks being based on acrylate monomers, it is preferred to use a primer based on acrylate monomers as well.

La quantité de primaire qui est déposée est choisie de façon à ce que l'épaisseur du dépôt reste suffisamment faible pour que la structure du support sous-jacent reste active vis-à-vis de l'orientation des cristaux liquides.The quantity of primer which is deposited is chosen so that the thickness of the deposit remains sufficiently low for the structure of the underlying support to remain active with respect to the orientation of the liquid crystals.

L'épaisseur du primaire est ainsi de préférence inférieure à 1000 nm, mieux à 100 nm.The thickness of the primer is thus preferably less than 1000 nm, better still less than 100 nm.

Le fait d'orienter le support avec le primaire déjà présent dessus peut permettre d'orienter le primaire et ainsi autoriser une dépose plus importante de primaire.The fact of orienting the support with the primer already present on it can make it possible to orient the primer and thus allow a greater deposit of primer.

Autres moyens de sécurisationOther means of securing

L'élément de sécurité peut comporter, outre les cristaux liquides, tout autre moyen de sécurisation choisis parmi ceux de premier, deuxième ou troisième niveaux.The security element may include, in addition to the liquid crystals, any other security means chosen from those of first, second or third levels.

Il peut s'agir de :

  • motifs apparaissant en lumière transmise et formés par métallisation et/ou démétallisation,
  • colorants, pigments luminescents, pigments interférentiels , notamment sous forme imprimée ou mélangée à au moins une couche constitutive de l'élément de sécurité,
  • composés, colorants et/ou pigments photochromes ou thermochromes, notamment sous forme imprimée ou mélangée à au moins une couche constitutive de l'élément de sécurité,
  • absorbeur ultraviolet (UV), notamment sous forme enduite ou mélangée à au moins une couche constitutive de l'élément de sécurité,
  • structure multicouche interférentielle,
  • une couche réfractive, biréfringente ou polarisante,
  • une structure de diffraction,
  • des moyens produisant un "effet de moiré", un tel effet pouvant par exemple faire apparaître un motif produit par la superposition de deux moyens de sécurité, par exemple par le rapprochement de lignes de deux moyens de sécurité,
  • un filtre coloré.
  • une sécurité lisible automatiquement, ayant des caractéristiques spécifiques et mesurables de luminescence (par exemple fluorescence, phosphorescence), d'absorption de la lumière (par exemple ultraviolet, visible ou infrarouge), d'activité Raman, de magnétisme, d'interaction micro-ondes, d'interaction aux rayons X ou de conductivité électrique.
It can be:
  • patterns appearing in transmitted light and formed by metallization and / or demetallization,
  • dyes, luminescent pigments, interference pigments, in particular in printed form or mixed with at least one constituent layer of the security element,
  • photochromic or thermochromic compounds, dyes and / or pigments, in particular in printed form or mixed with at least one layer constituting the security element,
  • ultraviolet (UV) absorber, in particular in coated form or mixed with at least one constituent layer of the security element,
  • multilayer interference structure,
  • a refractive, birefringent or polarizing layer,
  • a diffraction structure,
  • means producing a "moiré effect", such an effect being able for example to reveal a pattern produced by the superposition of two security means, for example by bringing together lines of two security means,
  • a colored filter.
  • an automatically readable security, having specific and measurable characteristics of luminescence (eg fluorescence, phosphorescence), light absorption (eg ultraviolet, visible or infrared), Raman activity, magnetism, micro interaction waves, X-ray interaction or electrical conductivity.

Elément de sécuritéSecurity element

L'élément de sécurité selon l'invention est avantageusement un fil de sécurité, un foil, un patch ou un film de protection de données variables. Il peut s'agir encore d'une carte ou d'un film de protection ou d'inviolabilité.The security element according to the invention is advantageously a security thread, a foil, a patch or a variable data protection film. It may also be a card or a protective or tamper-evident film.

Dans le cas d'un élément de sécurité constitué par un fil de sécurité, celui-ci peut être intégré en fenêtres à un papier de sécurité tel qu'un billet de banque 30, comme illustré à la figure 8. L'élément de sécurité s'étend alors d'un bord 31 à l'autre 32 du document.In the case of a security element consisting of a security thread, the latter can be integrated into windows in a security paper such as a bank note 30, as illustrated in figure 8 . The security element then extends from one edge 31 to the other 32 of the document.

Lorsque l'élément de sécurité est sous forme de fil, sa largeur est par exemple comprise entre 1 et 10 mm et son épaisseur entre 10 et 100 µm.When the security element is in the form of a wire, its width is for example between 1 and 10 mm and its thickness between 10 and 100 μm.

Dans le cas d'un foil, l'élément de sécurité est appliqué par transfert à la surface d'un papier, d'un film ou d'une carte par exemple.In the case of a foil, the security element is applied by transfer to the surface of a paper, film or card, for example.

Par « patch » on désigne un film qui ne couvre pas toute la surface du substrat sous-jacent.The term “patch” denotes a film which does not cover the entire surface of the underlying substrate.

Procédé de fabricationManufacturing process

Conformément à l'invention, le procédé comporte, comme illustré à la figure 7, une étape 21 de réalisation d'un film en matière plastique, par exemple par extrusion. Ce film peut être monocouche ou multicouche.According to the invention, the method comprises, as illustrated in figure 7 , a step 21 of making a plastic film, for example by extrusion. This film can be monolayer or multilayer.

Il subit au moins une étape 22 d'étirement, ce qui permet de l'orienter dans une première direction. Il s'agit par exemple d'un premier étirement dans le sens longitudinal (encore appelé sens marche).It undergoes at least one stretching step 22, which makes it possible to orient it in a first direction. This is for example a first stretch in the longitudinal direction (also called the running direction).

Ensuite, le primaire d'adhésion est appliqué à une étape 23, puis le film est à nouveau étiré, dans une direction différente de la première, par exemple dans le sens transversal (encore appelé sens travers), dans une étape 24.Next, the adhesion primer is applied in a step 23, then the film is stretched again, in a direction different from the first, for example in the transverse direction (also called the transverse direction), in a step 24.

Enfin, les cristaux liquides sont déposés par impression à l'étape 25, sur le film ainsi bi-étiré et revêtu du primaire d'adhésion.Finally, the liquid crystals are deposited by printing in step 25, on the film thus bi-stretched and coated with the adhesion primer.

L'orientation des cristaux liquides se fait durant l'évaporation du solvant présent dans l'encre utilisée. Cette évaporation se fait de préférence par séchage « aéroporté » (Air Flow en anglais), de préférence horizontalement pour favoriser l'orientation des cristaux liquides. De préférence, l'encre est réticulable sous UV, et la réticulation qui suit la dépose de l'encre permet de fixer définitivement cette orientation.The orientation of the liquid crystals takes place during the evaporation of the solvent present in the ink used. This evaporation is preferably carried out by “airborne” drying (Air Flow in English), preferably horizontally to promote the orientation of the liquid crystals. Preferably, the ink is crosslinkable under UV, and the crosslinking which follows the deposition of the ink makes it possible to definitively fix this orientation.

L'impression s'effectue de préférence avec plusieurs encres à cristaux liquides, qui sont de préférence déposées sans recouvrement entre elles. Les encres peuvent être déposées sous forme d'aplats ou de motifs. Par "motif', on désigne tout motif reconnaissable à l'œil nu notamment, tel que par exemple un ou plusieurs caractères alphanumériques, ou l'image d'un sujet tel qu'un personnage, animal, objet, paysage, végétal ou monument. Il peut s'agir d'un motif tramé en demi-ton, apparaissant de préférence en 3D grâce à un effet d'ombrage obtenu grâce à une reproduction en demi-ton du motif. Il peut s'agir d'un motif répétitif disposé selon une direction donnée, selon une trame ou de préférence selon une disposition en damier.Printing is preferably carried out with several liquid crystal inks, which are preferably deposited without overlap between them. The inks can be deposited in the form of solids or patterns. The term "pattern" denotes any pattern recognizable to the naked eye in particular, such as for example one or more alphanumeric characters, or the image of a subject such as a character, animal, object, landscape, plant or monument. . It may be a halftone raster pattern, preferably appearing in 3D due to a shading effect obtained by halftone reproduction of the pattern. It may be a repeating pattern arranged in a given direction, in a frame or preferably in a checkerboard arrangement.

L'impression peut s'effectuer par flexographie, sérigraphie ou héliogravure, entre autres techniques d'impression pouvant être utilisées.Printing can be done by flexography, screen printing or gravure printing, among other printing techniques that can be used.

Dans une variante du procédé, le film subit un double étirement dans les sens marche et travers après dépose du primaire d'adhésion. Cette dépose a de préférence lieu après un premier étirement dans le sens marche.In a variant of the process, the film undergoes a double stretching in the running and transverse directions after application of the adhesion primer. This removal preferably takes place after a first stretching in the running direction.

On peut ainsi avoir la séquence suivante :

  • étirement sens marche,
  • dépose du primaire,
  • étirement sens travers,
  • étirement sens marche.
We can thus have the following sequence:
  • walking direction stretch,
  • removal of the primary,
  • crosswise stretch,
  • stretch walking direction.

Procédé d'authentificationAuthentication process

L'authentification d'un élément de sécurité selon l'invention peut s'effectuer en observant l'élément de façon à déterminer si un effet goniochromatique est observé pour des incidences supérieures ou égales à 70°, cet effet étant lié à la présence des cristaux liquides.The authentication of a security element according to the invention can be carried out by observing the element so as to determine whether a goniochromatic effect is observed for incidences greater than or equal to 70 °, this effect being linked to the presence of liquid crystals.

Il est ensuite possible de générer une information concernant l'authenticité sur la base au moins de cette observation.It is then possible to generate information regarding the authenticity on the basis of at least this observation.

L'authentification peut comporter l'observation de l'élément au travers d'un filtre polarisant en vue de mettre en évidence l'orientation du support et du primaire d'adhésion et l'étape consistant à générer une information concernant l'authenticité sur la base au moins de cette observation.Authentication may include observing the element through a polarizing filter with a view to demonstrating the orientation of the support and the adhesion primer and the step of generating information relating to the authenticity on at least the basis of this observation.

La bi-orientation du support peut être vérifiée en analysant la biréfringence du film, d'une façon conventionnelle.The bi-orientation of the support can be verified by analyzing the birefringence of the film, in a conventional manner.

On peut utiliser un polariseur linéaire, tel qu'un filtre à poser sur l'élément de sécurité, que l'on fait tourner de 90° pour déterminer si l'on passe d'un aspect sombre à un aspect plus clair en tournant.You can use a linear polarizer, such as a filter to put on the security element, which is rotated 90 ° to determine if you change from a dark appearance to a lighter appearance when rotating.

ExemplesExamples

Le test «Tesa» mentionné ci-après est un test d'adhérence d'une couche déposée sur un substrat, dans lequel un ruban adhésif est appliqué sur la couche dont on cherche à mesurer la cohésion et l'adhérence au substrat.The “Tesa” test mentioned below is an adhesion test of a layer deposited on a substrate, in which an adhesive tape is applied to the layer of which it is sought to measure the cohesion and the adhesion to the substrate.

On obtient un score de 0 à 2 selon la proportion de la couche testée qui reste accrochée au ruban après son retrait :

  • 0 désigne une accroche totale au ruban donc adhésion nulle au substrat de la couche testée
  • 1 désigne une accroche partielle au ruban et
  • 2 désigne une absence d'accroche au ruban donc une meilleure adhésion au substrat de la couche testée.
A score of 0 to 2 is obtained depending on the proportion of the tested layer which remains attached to the tape after its removal:
  • 0 designates total adhesion to the tape therefore zero adhesion to the substrate of the layer tested
  • 1 designates partial adhesion to the tape and
  • 2 denotes an absence of adhesion to the tape and therefore better adhesion to the substrate of the layer tested.

Exemples 1 à 3 (comparatifs)Examples 1 to 3 (comparative)

Plusieurs films de PET sont imprimés avec une encre à cristaux liquides formulée avec un mélange de trois produits, à savoir :

  • cristaux liquides cholestériques: 5,29 g
  • cristaux liquides nématiques: 3,11 g
  • photoiniateur : 1,6 g
Several PET films are printed with liquid crystal ink formulated with a mixture of three products, namely:
  • cholesteric liquid crystal: 5.29 g
  • nematic liquid crystals: 3.11 g
  • photoinator: 1.6 g

Le mélange constitue une encre avec une base acrylique, comportant des cristaux liquides cholestériques et nématiques.The mixture constitutes an ink with an acrylic base, comprising cholesteric and nematic liquid crystals.

Le ratio choisi entre les cristaux liquides cholestériques et nématiques donne la couleur ; ici on obtient un changement de bleu à vert-jaune avec l'angle d'observation.The ratio chosen between cholesteric and nematic liquid crystals gives the color; here we get a change from blue to green-yellow with the angle of observation.

Le dépôt des cristaux liquides s'effectue sur une épaisseur de 3 microns, à la barre de couchage.The liquid crystals are deposited to a thickness of 3 microns, on the coating bar.

On effectue un séchage sous air chaud soufflé pour aligner les cristaux liquides L'encre est soumise à réticulation UV.Hot air blown drying is performed to align the liquid crystals. The ink is subjected to UV crosslinking.

Les cristaux liquides sont observés devant un fond sombre. Film Traitement Test « Tesa » Effet goniochromatique** (1) PET bi-orienté standard Aucun 0 Effet de référence (2) PET bi-orienté Attaque chimique* 2 Forte détérioration : aspect blanchâtre dû à la translucidité du film (3) PET bi-orienté Traitement plasma 0 Identique à l'effet de référence * Attaque chimique : traitement par une solution acide créant une microrugosité de surface
** Effet goniochromatique : les paramètres observés sont les suivants : observation nette des deux couleurs, éclat des couleurs et angle du changement de couleur. Liquid crystals are observed against a dark background. Movie Treatment "Tesa" test Goniochromatic effect ** (1) Standard bi-oriented PET No 0 Benchmark effect (2) bi-oriented PET Chemical attack * 2 Strong deterioration: whitish appearance due to the translucency of the film (3) bi-oriented PET Plasma treatment 0 Identical to the reference effect * Chemical attack: treatment with an acid solution creating a surface micro-roughness
** Goniochromatic effect: the parameters observed are as follows: clear observation of the two colors, brightness of the colors and angle of the color change.

Le traitement plasma n'offre pas une adhésion optimale mais l'alignement des cristaux liquides est correct.The plasma treatment does not provide optimal adhesion, but the alignment of the liquid crystals is correct.

Le film de PET traité par attaque chimique permet d'avoir une excellente adhésion mais l'effet optique est dégradé.The chemically etched PET film provides excellent adhesion, but the optical effect is degraded.

Exemples 4 (comparatif) et 5 à 7 (selon l'invention)Examples 4 (comparative) and 5 to 7 (according to the invention)

Le dépôt des cristaux liquides s'effectue comme aux exemples 1 à 3 au moyen d'une encre de cristaux liquides disponible dans le commerce. *** Hors ligne : l'application se produit après les étapes d'étirement du film PET. En ligne : l'application a lieu durant la fabrication du film entre au moins deux étapes d'étirement du film PET. Film Traitement Test « Tesa » Effet goniochromatique (4) PET bi-orienté standard Aucun 0 Effet de référence (5) PET bi-orienté Primaire polyacrylique appliqué hors ligne*** 1 Amélioration : augmentation de la plage d'angles de visualisation et à angle rasant pas de visualisation du fond sombre (6) PET bi-orienté Primaire polyacrylique appliqué en ligne*** 2 Amélioration : augmentation de la plage d'angles de visualisation et à angle rasant pas de visualisation du fond sombre (7) PET bi-orienté Primaire copolyester appliqué en ligne*** 2 Amélioration : augmentation de la plage d'angles de visualisation et à angle rasant pas de visualisation du fond sombre The liquid crystal deposition is carried out as in Examples 1 to 3 by means of a commercially available liquid crystal ink. *** Offline: the application occurs after the PET film stretching steps. In-line: the application takes place during the manufacture of the film between at least two stages of stretching of the PET film. Movie Treatment "Tesa" test Goniochromatic effect (4) Standard bi-oriented PET No 0 Benchmark effect (5) Bi-oriented PET Polyacrylic primer applied offline *** 1 Improvement: increased range of viewing angles and grazing angle not viewing dark background (6) Bi-oriented PET Polyacrylic primer applied in line *** 2 Improvement: increased range of viewing angles and grazing angle not viewing dark background (7) Bi-oriented PET Copolyester primer applied in line *** 2 Improvement: increased range of viewing angles and grazing angle not viewing dark background

L'effet goniochromatique est conservé de façon surprenante pour les exemples 5 à 7, malgré la présence d'une couche intermédiaire de primaire entre le support PET bi-orienté qui permet l'alignement et la couche cristaux liquides.The goniochromatic effect is surprisingly preserved for Examples 5 to 7, despite the presence of an intermediate primer layer between the biaxially oriented PET support which allows alignment and the liquid crystal layer.

L'alignement des cristaux liquides est modifié par la présence du primaire d'adhésion. La modification de cet alignement permet d'accroître la visibilité de l'effet de changement de couleur, et de conférer à la couche de cristaux liquides une translucidité qui permet de limiter la visibilité du fond noir.The alignment of the liquid crystals is modified by the presence of the adhesion primer. The modification of this alignment makes it possible to increase the visibility of the color change effect, and to give the liquid crystal layer a translucency which makes it possible to limit the visibility of the black background.

Le degré de translucidité peut être déterminé par la mesure du « Haze » en réflexion selon la norme ASTM D4039-09 et ISO13803. Il s'agit d'une mesure du voile, c'est-à-dire de l'opalescence laiteuse, d'un revêtement supérieur brillant ou transparent.The degree of translucency can be determined by measuring the “Haze” in reflection according to ASTM D4039-09 and ISO13803. This is a measure of haze, i.e. milky opalescence, glossy or clear topcoat.

Sur des surfaces de qualité (classe A), on attend une image d'apparence claire et brillante. Des microstructures peuvent être à l'origine d'un aspect laiteux. Cet effet est appelé voile de diffusion ou « Haze ». Si des défauts microscopiques et fins sont présents sur une surface très brillante, cela conduit à une diffusion de lumière de faible intensité à côté de la réflexion principale. La partie prépondérante est réfléchie dans la direction spéculaire, la surface apparaît ainsi très brillante et avec un rendu d'image, mais elle est recouverte d'un voile laiteux et trouble.On quality surfaces (class A), an image of clear and shiny appearance is expected. Microstructures can cause a milky appearance. This effect is called diffusion veil or "Haze". If microscopic and fine defects are present on a very shiny surface, it leads to low intensity light scattering next to the main reflection. The predominant part is reflected in the specular direction, so the surface appears very bright and with image rendering, but it is covered with a milky cloudy haze.

Le « Haze » de la couche de cristaux liquides sur un support selon l'invention peut être inférieur à celui de la couche de cristaux liquides sur un PET non traité, ce qui entraîne beaucoup moins de brillance que pour la couche de cristaux liquides sur support standard. De plus, la diminution du « Haze » augmente la diffusion lumineuse de la couche de cristaux liquides et donc permet l'observation de l'effet goniochromatique sur une plage d'angles plus grande. Ainsi, de façon surprenante, à des angles « rasants » l'effet goniochromatique est maintenu avec un support selon l'invention, alors qu'avec un support standard, les cristaux liquides ne sont plus visibles et l'on observe le fond sombre, ce qui n'est pas souhaitable.The “Haze” of the layer of liquid crystals on a support according to the invention can be lower than that of the layer of liquid crystals on an untreated PET, which results in much less gloss than for the layer of liquid crystals on a support. standard. In addition, the reduction of the “Haze” increases the light diffusion of the liquid crystal layer and therefore allows the observation of the goniochromatic effect over a larger range of angles. Thus, surprisingly, at “grazing” angles the goniochromatic effect is maintained with a support according to the invention, whereas with a standard support, the liquid crystals are no longer visible and the dark background is observed, which is not desirable.

Le « Haze », mesuré selon la norme ISO 13803:2014, des films (1) et (6) est respectivement de 274 et 79. Une telle mesure est illustrée sur la figure 9 sur laquelle le support à mesurer 91 est illuminé selon un angle α qui est par exemple de 20° pour la norme précitée). La mesure du « Haze » se fait au moyen des capteurs 92 et correspond à l'intensité des rayons lumineux 93, par opposition à la brillance qui correspond à l'intensité du rayon spéculaire 94 (angle -a).The “Haze”, measured according to the ISO 13803: 2014 standard, of the films (1) and (6) is respectively 274 and 79. Such a measurement is illustrated on the figure 9 on which the support to be measured 91 is illuminated at an angle α which is for example 20 ° for the aforementioned standard). The “Haze” is measured by means of the sensors 92 and corresponds to the intensity of the light rays 93, as opposed to the brightness which corresponds to the intensity of the specular ray 94 (angle -a).

Afin de quantifier l'augmentation de la plage angulaire de l'effet goniochromatique, l'intensité maximale sur la plage de longueur d'ondes 400 - 700nm (« Intensité » dans le tableau ci-après) a été mesurée à différents angles d'observation pour une illumination à un angle de 50°, sur les échantillons (1) et (6). Toutes les mesures d'intensité indiquées dans le tableau ci-après sont données en unité arbitraire correspondant à une calibration donnée, en particulier les intensités des échantillons (1) et (6) ont été mesurées avec la même calibration. Angle d'observation (°) Intensité échantillon (6) Intensité échantillon (1) 10 50 10 20 100 20 30 200 100 40 400 400 50 400 1800 60 300 300 70 250 150 80 200 100 In order to quantify the increase in the angular range of the goniochromatic effect, the maximum intensity over the wavelength range 400 - 700nm ("Intensity" in the table below) was measured at different angles of. observation for illumination at an angle of 50 °, on samples (1) and (6). All the intensity measurements indicated in the table below are given in arbitrary units corresponding to a given calibration, in particular the intensities of samples (1) and (6) were measured with the same calibration. Viewing angle (°) Sample intensity (6) Sample intensity (1) 10 50 10 20 100 20 30 200 100 40 400 400 50 400 1800 60 300 300 70 250 150 80 200 100

On remarque que pour des angles d'observation rasants, par exemple 10°, 20°, 70° et 80°, l'intensité de l'échantillon 6 est supérieure à celle de l'échantillon 1, ce qui traduit la visibilité sur une plage angulaire plus étendue de l'effet goniochromatique de l'échantillon 6.Note that for grazing observation angles, for example 10 °, 20 °, 70 ° and 80 °, the intensity of sample 6 is greater than that of sample 1, which reflects the visibility over a wider angular range of the goniochromatic effect of sample 6.

Claims (15)

  1. Process for producing a security element comprising a support (11) made from oriented plastic and at least one layer of liquid crystals (13) borne and oriented by the support, an adhesion primer (12) being deposited before or after the support is stretched in at least one direction, said stretching making it possible to bring the support to the oriented state and characterized in that the liquid crystals are deposited by means of printing on this adhesion primer.
  2. Process according to Claim 1, the adhesion primer (12) being deposited before a step of stretching the support (11) and/or the support comprising PET.
  3. Process according to either of Claims 1 and 2, said process also comprising a step of crosslinking the adhesion primer, preferably after said stretching of the support.
  4. Process according to any one of Claims 1 to 3, the adhesion primer comprising a polyolefin, a polyurethane, polyester, polyether, polycarbonate, polyacrylic or a copolymer thereof, the adhesion primer comprising in particular a polyacrylic and preferably comprising, in particular before the depositing thereof, at least one urethane, ester, ether, carbonate or acrylic monomer.
  5. Process according to any one of the preceding claims, the printing of the liquid crystals being carried out by screen printing, photogravure or flexography.
  6. Process according to any one of the preceding claims, the liquid crystals being deposited after stretching of the support.
  7. Process according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising the printing on the adhesion primer of two different inks, at least one of which comprises cholesteric liquid crystals, better still both comprise cholesteric liquid crystals.
  8. Process according to any one of the preceding claims, the haze effect of the layer of cholesteric liquid crystals being less than that of a reference security element without the layer of adhesion primer.
  9. Process according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising a dark background under the layer of liquid crystals.
  10. Process according to any one of the preceding claims, the adhesion primer being transparent.
  11. Security element (10) for a secure document, in particular obtained by means of a process according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising:
    a. a support (11) made from stretched thermoplastic material,
    b. an adhesion primer (12) at the surface of the support, and characterized by
    c. at least one layer (13) of liquid crystals deposited on the adhesion primer by printing.
  12. Security element according to Claim 11, comprising a printing of at least two liquid-crystal inks, which are preferably not superimposed on one another.
  13. Security element according to Claim 11 or 12, the adhesion of the layer of liquid crystals on the support measured according to the Tesa test being equal to 2 and/or the layer of cholesteric liquid crystals is in the form of a pattern, in particular an alphanumeric pattern.
  14. Security element according to any one of Claims 11 to 13, also comprising a dark background.
  15. Process for authenticating a security element according to any one of Claims 11 to 14, comprising the observation of the element so as to determine whether a goniochromatic effect is observed for angles of incidence greater than or equal to 70°, and the step consisting in generating a piece of information concerning the authenticity on the basis at least of this observation, or comprising the observation of the element through a polarizing filter with a view to demonstrating the orientation of the support and of the adhesion primer, and the step consisting in generating a piece of information concerning the authenticity on the basis of at least this observation.
EP17777933.7A 2016-10-10 2017-10-09 Method for producing a security element Active EP3523136B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1659743A FR3057205B1 (en) 2016-10-10 2016-10-10 MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF A SAFETY ELEMENT
PCT/EP2017/075621 WO2018069216A1 (en) 2016-10-10 2017-10-09 Method for producing a security element

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EP3523136A1 EP3523136A1 (en) 2019-08-14
EP3523136B1 true EP3523136B1 (en) 2020-09-30

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CN (1) CN109843597B (en)
FR (1) FR3057205B1 (en)
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WO2020153349A1 (en) * 2019-01-21 2020-07-30 富士フイルム株式会社 Anti-forgery medium and information card

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AUPQ125999A0 (en) * 1999-06-28 1999-07-22 Securency Pty Ltd Method of producing a diffractive structure in security documents
DE60332784D1 (en) 2002-02-13 2010-07-15 Merck Patent Gmbh A method of making an anisotropic polymer film on a substrate having a structured surface
AT504587A1 (en) * 2004-02-16 2008-06-15 Hueck Folien Gmbh IMPACT-SAFE SAFETY FEATURE WITH COLOR TIP EFFECT
DE102004021246A1 (en) * 2004-04-30 2005-11-24 Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh Security element and method for its production
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DE102006015023A1 (en) * 2006-03-31 2007-10-04 Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh Security element for security papers, value documents, has relief structure, which is formed on basis of cholesteric, liquid crystalline polymer material and top layer contains reflecting or high-refracting layer
GB2442711B (en) * 2006-10-10 2011-04-13 Rue De Int Ltd Improvements in security devices
KR101422881B1 (en) * 2007-03-27 2014-07-23 아그파-게바에르트 엔.브이. Non-transparent microvoided biaxially stretched film, its use in synthetic paper and an image recording element comprising same
JP2009098568A (en) * 2007-10-19 2009-05-07 Toppan Printing Co Ltd Forgery prevention body, method for authenticity determination of forgery prevention body, forgery prevention label, and forgery prevention printed matter
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RU2019107329A3 (en) 2020-12-09
CN109843597B (en) 2021-02-09
RU2019107329A (en) 2020-11-13
CN109843597A (en) 2019-06-04
RU2741481C2 (en) 2021-01-26
KR20190067173A (en) 2019-06-14
WO2018069216A1 (en) 2018-04-19
EP3523136A1 (en) 2019-08-14
FR3057205B1 (en) 2020-10-16

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